Article III - Bill of Rights (Codal)

THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE impaired except in the interest of national
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES security, public safety, or public health, as may

be provided by law.
ARTICLE III
BILL OF RIGHTS Section 7. The right of the people to information
on matters of public concern shall be
Section 1. No person shall be deprived of life, recognized. Access to official records, and to
liberty, or property without due process of law, documents and papers pertaining to official
nor shall any person be denied the equal acts, transactions, or decisions, as well as to
protection of the laws. government research data used as basis for
policy development, shall be afforded the
Section 2. The right of the people to be secure citizen, subject to such limitations as may be
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects provided by law.
against unreasonable searches and seizures of
whatever nature and for any purpose shall be Section 8. The right of the people, including
inviolable, and no search warrant or warrant of those employed in the public and private
arrest shall issue except upon probable cause sectors, to form unions, associations, or
to be determined personally by the judge after societies for purposes not contrary to law shall
examination under oath or affirmation of the not be abridged.
complainant and the witnesses he may
produce, and particularly describing the place to Section 9. Private property shall not be taken
be searched and the persons or things to be for public use without just compensation.
seized.
Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of
Section 3. (1) The privacy of communication contracts shall be passed.
and correspondence shall be inviolable except
upon lawful order of the court, or when public Section 11. Free access to the courts and
safety or order requires otherwise, as quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal
prescribed by law. assistance shall not be denied to any person by
(2) Any evidence obtained in violation of this or reason of poverty.
the preceding section shall be inadmissible for
any purpose in any proceeding. Section 12.
(1) Any person under investigation for the
Section 4. No law shall be passed abridging the commission of an offense shall have the right to
freedom of speech, of expression, or of the be informed of his right to remain silent and to
press, or the right of the people peaceably to have competent and independent counsel
assemble and petition the government for preferably of his own choice. If the person
redress of grievances. cannot afford the services of counsel, he must
be provided with one. These rights cannot be
Section 5. No law shall be made respecting an waived except in writing and in the presence of
establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free counsel.
exercise thereof. The free exercise and (2) No torture, force, violence, threat,
enjoyment of religious profession and worship, intimidation, or any other means which vitiate
without discrimination or preference, shall the free will shall be used against him. Secret
forever be allowed. No religious test shall be detention places, solitary, incommunicado, or
required for the exercise of civil or political other similar forms of detention are prohibited.
rights. (3) Any confession or admission obtained in
violation of this or Section 17 hereof shall be
Section 6. The liberty of abode and of changing inadmissible in evidence against him.
the same within the limits prescribed by law (4) The law shall provide for penal and civil
shall not be impaired except upon lawful order sanctions for violations of this section as well as
of the court. Neither shall the right to travel be
compensation to and rehabilitation of victims of
torture or similar practices, and their families.
Section 13. All persons, except those charged
with offenses punishable by reclusion perpetua Section 19.
when evidence of guilt is strong, shall, before (1) Excessive fines shall not be imposed, nor
conviction, be bailable by sufficient sureties, or cruel, degrading or inhuman punishment
be released on recognizance as may be inflicted. Neither shall the death penalty be
provided by law. The right to bail shall not be imposed, unless, for compelling reasons
impaired even when the privilege of the writ of involving heinous crimes, the Congress
habeas corpus is suspended. Excessive bail hereafter provides for it. Any death penalty
shall not be required. already imposed shall be reduced to reclusion
perpetua.
Section 14. (2) The employment of physical, psychological,
(1) No person shall be held to answer for a or degrading punishment against any prisoner
criminal offense without due process of law. or detainee or the use of substandard or
(2) In all criminal prosecutions, the accused inadequate penal facilities under subhuman
shall be presumed innocent until the contrary is conditions shall be dealt with by law.
proved, and shall enjoy the right to be heard by
himself and counsel, to be informed of the Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for
nature and cause of the accusation against him, debt or non-payment of a poll tax.
to have a speedy, impartial, and public trial, to
meet the witnesses face to face, and to have Section 21. No person shall be twice put in
compulsory process to secure the attendance jeopardy of punishment for the same offense. If
of witnesses and the production of evidence in an act is punished by a law and an ordinance,
his behalf. However, after arraignment, trial conviction or acquittal under either shall
may proceed notwithstanding the absence of constitute a bar to another prosecution for the
the accused provided that he has been duly same act.
notified and his failure to appear is unjustifiable.
Section 22. No ex post facto law or bill of
Section 15. The privilege of the writ of habeas attainder shall be enacted.
corpus shall not be suspended except in cases
of invasion or rebellion when the public safety
requires it.
Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a

speedy disposition of their cases before all
judicial, quasi-judicial, or administrative bodies.
Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be

a witness against himself.
Section 18.
(1) No person shall be detained solely by
reason of his political beliefs and aspirations.
(2) No involuntary servitude in any form shall
exist except as a punishment for a crime
whereof the party shall have been duly
convicted.

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Article III - Bill of Rights (Codal)

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THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE impaired except in the interest of national

REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES security, public safety, or public health, as may

Section 16. All persons shall have the right to a

Section 17. No person shall be compelled to be

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