Estimates Lecture

P.
PRACT 523
ESTIMATES AND SPECIFICATION WRITING
Prepared by: Arch. Jerone T. Aga, uap
CONVERSION OF MEASUREMENTS
 1 in = 2.54 cm
 1 ft = 0.305m
 1 ft = 12 in
 1 m = 100 cm
 1 cm = 10mm
FORMULA
 AREA:
SQUARE = a2 RECTANGLE = l x w
RECTANGLE = πr2 TRIANGLE = ½ b x h
 VOLUME:
TOPIC RECTANGULAR = l x w
CUBEI:=CONCRETE
a3 2
CYLINDER = πr x h
CONCRETE SLAB
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE VOLUME
OF THE CONCRETE
 VOLUME=THICKNESS X WIDTH X LENGTH
 V=0.10M X 4.00M X 6.00M
 V=2.4 cu.m
 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS B MIXTURE; MULTIPLY THE VOLUME BY THE CORRESPONDING

VALUES:
 CEMENT: 2.4 cu.m x 7.5 = 18.0 bags
 SAND: 2.4 cu.m x 0.5 = 1.2 cu.m
 GRAVEL: 2.4 cu.m x 1.0 = 2.4 cu.m
WALL
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE CONCRETE
 V=0.15M X 1.20M X 1.50M
 V=0.27 cu.m
 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS AA MIXTURE;

MULTIPLY THE VOLUME BY THE
CORRESPONDING VALUES:
 CEMENT: 0.27 cu.m x 12 = 3.24~4 bags
 SAND: 0.27 cu.m x 0.5 = 0.135 cu.m
 GRAVEL: 0.27 cu.m x 1.0 = 0.135 cu.m
POST AND FOOTING
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE CONCRETE
 V1=0.25M X 0.90M X 0.90M
 V1=0.2025 cu.m
 V2=0.30M X 0.30M X 0.60M
 V2=0.054 cu.m
 VTOTAL =V1+V2
 VTOTAL =0.2025 cu.m+0.054 cu.m
 VTOTAL =0.2565cu.m
 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS A MIXTURE;

MULTIPLY THE VOLUME BY THE
CORRESPONDING VALUES:
 CEMENT: 0.2565 cu.m x 9 = 2.3085~3 bags
 SAND: 0.2565 cu.m x 0.5 = 0.12825 cu.m
 GRAVEL: 0.2565 cu.m x 1.0 = 0.2565 cu.m
TOPIC II: MASONRY
CHB SIZES:
Thickness x Width x Length
 4”x8”x16”
 5”x8”x16”
 6”x8”x16”
 8”x8”x16”
FORMULA
 1 m2 = 12.5 pieces of CHB
WALL
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE AREA OF THE WALL
AREA= LENGTH X WIDTH
 A=3.00M X 2.70M
 A=8.10 m2
 MULTIPLY
 8.10 m2 x 12.5pcs = 101.25~102 pieces
CEMENT MORTAR FOR BLOCK LAYING
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF MORTAR IN BETWEEN
THE LAYER OF THE BLOCKS, ADOPTING THE 12MM ½”
OR 0.012M UNIFORM THICKNESS OF THE MORTAR.
 VOLUME=THICKNESS X WIDTH OF CHB X LENGTH
 V=0.012M X 0.10M X 3.00M
 V=0.0036 cu.m
 1 layer only
 TAKE NOTE THAT 2.70 METERS HIGH WALL DIVIDED

BY 0.20M HEIGHT OF ONE CHB IS =13.5 LAYERS.
THUS, MULTIPLY:
 V1=13.5 LAYERS x 0.0036 cu.m
 V1=0.0486 cu.m
 Total volume of mortar in between the 13.5 layers of CHB.
 ASIDE FROM THE CEMENT MORTAR USED IN BET. BLOCK LAYERS, THERE ARE 4 HOLLOW
CORES OR CELLS PER BLOCK TO BE FILLED UP WITH MORTAR. FIND THE VOLUME PER
BLOCK.
 V=0.05 X 0.075 X 0.2O X 4 cores
 V=0.003 cu.m
 FIND THE TOTAL VOLUME OF HOLLOW CORE

FOR THE 102 PCS. OF CHB.
 V2=102pcs X 0.003 cu.m
 V2=0.306 cu.m
 TOTAL VOLUME; ADD THE RESULTS OF STEP 2 AND 4.

 VTOTAL =V1(13.5 layers mortar)+V2 (102pcs chb hollowcore)
 VTOTAL =0.0486 cu.m +0.306 cu.m
 VTOTAL =0.3546 cu.m
 USING CLASS B MIXTURE, MULTIPLY:

 CEMENT: 0.3546 cu.m x 12 = 4.2552~5 bags
 SAND: 0.3546 cu.m x 1.0 = 0.3546 cu.m
CEMENT MORTAR FOR PLASTERING

 FIND THE 2 SIDES AREA OF THE WALL
 A=2.70M X 3.00M X 2 SIDES
 A=16.2 m2
 ASSUMING THAT THE PLASTER IS 16MM AVERAGE
THICKNESS, DETERMINE THE VOLUME OF THE PLASTER.
 V =16.2 m2 X 0.016m
 V=0.2592 cu.m
 SOLVE FOR THE CEMENT AND SAND.
USING CLASS B MIXTURE:
 CEMENT: 0.2592 cu.m x 12 = 3.1104~4 bags
 SAND: 0.2592 cu.m x 1.0 = 0.2592 cu.m
TOPIC III: METAL REINFORCEMENT
DIFFERENCE OF METAL AND STEEL:
 A metal is a chemical element of various opaque, fusible, ductile and lustrous substances.
 Steel, it’s partially composed of a metal, iron, but because it also has non-metal carbon in its chemical
make-up, it's not a pure metal.
COMMERCIAL SIZE OF STEEL BARS
STANDARD WEIGHT OF PLAIN OR DEFORMED ROUND STEEL BARS IN KILOGRAM

COMMERCIAL LENGTH OF STEEL BARS IN METERS
DIAMETER
6 7.5 9 10.5 12
8 mm 2.37 2.96 3.55 4.14 4.74
10 mm 3.70 4.63 5.55 6.48 7.40
12 mm 5.33 6.66 7.99 9.32 10.66
13 mm 6.25 7.82 9.38 10.94 12.51
16 mm 9.47 11.84 14.21 16.58 18.94
20 mm 14.80 18.50 22.20 25.90 29.60
25 mm 23.13 28.91 34.69 40.47 46.25
28 mm 29.01 36.26 43.51 50.76 58.02
30 mm 33.30 41.63 49.95 58.28 66.60
32 mm 37.89 47.36 56.83 66.30 75.78
36 mm 47.95 59.94 71.93 529.90 95.90
 SIMPLIFIED FORMULA:
BAR SPLICE LENGTH

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
USE 16 MM Ø BAR
 CLASSIFICATION OF THE REINFORCEMENT IS UNDER TENSION.
 25 X 16MM +150MM = 550MM
 FOR THE REINFORCEMENT UNDER COMPRESSION.
 20 X 16MM +160MM = 480MM
SITUATION:
 10 X 20 X 40CM CHB
 VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SPACED @ 80CM
 HORIZONTAL REINFORCEMENT @ EVERY 3 LAYERS
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
 SOLVE FOR THE AREA OF THE FENCE

 A=4.00 X 3.00 M
 A=12 sq.m
 FOR VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SPACED @80CM,REFER TO

TABLE. UNDER COLUMN LENGTH PER sq.m. MULTIPLY:
 12 sq.m x 1.60 = 19.20m long.
 SOLVE FOR THE HORIZONTAL BARS AT EVERY 3 LAYERS.

 12 sq.m X 2.15 = 25.80 m long
 ADD THE RESULTS OF 2 AND 3.

 19.20 m + 25.80 m = 45.00 m
 CONVERT THIS VALUE TO THE COMM’L LENGTH OF STEEL BAR, SAY 6.00 METERS LONG, DIVIDE:
 45.00 m / 6.00M = 7.5 ORDER 8 PCS. 10MM Ø X 6.0M LONG
TIE WIRE FOR CHB REINFORCEMENT
SITUATION:
 VERTICAL BARS SPACED @80CM AND 1 HOR.BARS @ EVERY AFTER 3 LAYERS OF THE
BLOCK.
 TIE WIRE IN KG.
 SOLVE FOR THE WALL AREA.

A=4.00M X 3.00 M
A=12 sq. m
 ALONG 80CM. VERTICAL SPACING AND 3 LAYERS HOR. SPACING OF REINFORCEMENT @ 30CM
LONG TIE WIRE, MULITPLY:
12 sq. m X 0.24 = 0.29kgs. #16-G.I. WIRE
TOPIC IV: LUMBER
BOARD FOOT METHOD

 FIND THE TOTAL BOARD FEET OF 5 PIECES 2” X 6” X 14FT. LUMBER.
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
 HOW MANY BOARD FEET ARE THERE IN 30 PCS. OF LUMBER, EACH MEASURING 2” X
8” X 14’?
FLOOR JOIST AND WOOD FLOORING
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
 DETERMINE THE LENGTH OF THE GIRDER. DIVIDE BY THE SPACING OF THE FLOOR JOISTS.
Spacing of Joist – 0.30 M
 5.00M / 0.30M = 16.6 (SPACING OF JOISTS)
 ADD 1 TO THE SPACING OF JOIST TO GET THE EXACT NUMBER OF FLOOR JOIST.
 16.6 + 1=17.6 SAY 18 PIECES.
 FOR 2 SPANS, MULTIPLY:

 18 PCS. X 2 =36 PCS.
 CONVERT:
 3.50 M TO FT=12FT
CEILING BOARD
SOLUTION:
 DETERMINE THE SIZE OF PLYWOOD,
GYPSUM BOARD, FICEM BOARD.
Size: 4ft x 8ft
 FIND THE NUMBER OF BOARDS ALONG 3.60M.

 3.60M / 1.2M= 3 PCS
 FIND THE NUMBER OF BOARDS ALONG 7.20M.

 7.20M / 2.4M= 3 PCS
 MULTIPLY THE 2 RESULTS.

 3 X 3= 9 PCS. 4’ X 8’ CEILING BOARD
TOPIC V: ROOFING MATERIALS
WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON ROOFING MATERIALS?
 GALVANIZED IRON SHEET
 OR AS WE COMMONLY KNOW G.I. SHEET
ROOFING
SOLUTION:
 FIND THE NUMBER OF CORRUGATED G.I. ROOF SHEETS AND ITS ACCESSORIES REQUIRED IF
THE SIDE LAPPING SPECIFY 1 ½ CORRUGATIONS WITH 30CM. ENG LAPPING ON A 2”X3”
PURLINS.
SOLUTION:
 DIVIDE THE LENGTH OF THE GUTTER BY THE EFFECTIVE WIDTH COVERING OF ONE SHEET.
 14.00M /0.70M= 20 SHEETS IN ONE ROW
 THE LENGTH OF THE RAFTERIS 6.00METERS, A COMBINATION OF 3.60 AND 2.70M LONG G.I. SHEET
OR 12FT AND 9FT.
 ORDER:
 20-32”X12’ CORRUGATED G.I. SHEET
 20-32”X9’ CORRUGATED G.I. SHEET
RIVETS
SOLUTION:
 RIVETS, FOR A 12’ AND 9’ LONG ROOF SHEET, MULTIPLY:
 12’ LONG: 20X26=520 PCS
 9’ LONG: 20X22=440 PCS
 TOTAL RIVETS…..960 PIECES
 CONVERT TO KG.
DIVIDE USING THE TABLE 6-3:
 960/180=5.3 KG SAY 5.5 KG
WASHERS
SOLUTION:
 FOR WASHERS, DOUBLE THE NUMBER OF RIVETS.
 960 X 2 = 1920 PIECES
 CONVERT TO KG.
 1920/126= 15.23 KG SAY 15.5 KG
PLAIN G.I. STRIP

SOLUTION:
 FOR PLAIN G.I. STRIP, TOTAL NUMBER OF RIVETS.
 960 PIECES
 DIVIDE USING THE TABLE 6-4:
 960/384=2.5 PIECES PLAIN G.I. SHEET
LEAD WASHERS
SOLUTION:
 FOR LEAD WASHERS, THE NO. OF RIVETS IS THE
SAME AS THE LEAD WASHERS
 960 PIECES
 CONVERT TO KG.
 960/75=12.8 say 13kg
 SUMMARY:
 CORRUGATED G.I. SHEET = GUTTER / EFFECTIVE LENGTH
 G.I. RIVETS = LEAD WASHERS
 G.I. WASHER = RIVETS X 2
 G.I. STRAP = RIVETS / MULTIPLIER
TOPIC VI: TILEWORK
CERAMIC TILE IS ONE OF THE MAN’S OLDEST UNIQUE BLDG. MATERIALS CONTINUOUSLY
IN USE.
Glazed wall tiles Unglazed floor tiles
Cement mortar
White cement filler

CERAMIC TILE
DETERMINE THE QUANTITY OF THE
FOLLOWING MATERIALS.
 10X20cm glazed wall tiles
 20x20cm unglazed floor tiles
 Cement for mortar
 White cement for joint filler
WALL TILES
SOLUTION:
 SOLVE FOR THE WALL AREA
 3.00 X 3.60= 10.80 sq.m
 3.00 X 7.20= 21.60 sq.m
 Total= 32.40 sq.m
 SOLVE FOR THE AREA OF ONE TILE
 0.10X0.20 = 0.02 sq.m
 DIVIDE THE WALL AREA BY THE AREA OF ONE TILE
 32.40/0.02 = 1620 Pcs. 10x20 glazed tiles
FLOOR TILES
SOLUTION:
 SOLVE FOR THE FLOOR AREA
 7.20X 3.60= 25.92 sq.m
 SOLVE FOR THE AREA OF ONE TILE
 0.20X0.20 = 0.04 sq.m
 DIVIDE THE FLOOR AREA BY THE AREA OF ONE TILE
 25.92/0.04 = 648Pcs. 20x20 unglazed tiles
CEMENT MORTAR
SOLUTION:
 SOLVE FOR CEMENT MORTAR
 FIND THE TOTAL AREA OF THE WALL AND FLOOR
 25.92 + 32.40 = 58.32 sq.m
 REFER TO TABLE 7-1, ALONG CEMENT MORTAR, MULTIPLY:
 CEMENT MORTAR:
 58.32 X 0.086 = 5.01552 say 6 BAGS
WHITE CEMENT FILLER
SOLUTION:
 SOLVE FOR CEMENT MORTAR
 FIND THE TOTAL AREA OF THE WALL AND FLOOR
 25.92 + 32.40 = 58.32 sq.m
 REFER TO TABLE 7-1, ALONG WHITE CEMENT FILLER, MULTIPLY:
 WHITE CEMENT FILLER:
 58.32 X 0.50 = 29.16 say 30 kg
TOPIC VII: PAINTING
PAINT COMMONLY REFERRED TO AS A SURFACE COATING.
-TO DECORATE, TO PROTECT, OR TO PERFORM SOME OTHER SPECIALIZED FUNCTIONS.
GIVEN:
 COARSE TO ROUGH SURFACE - 30 sq m. coverage area

 FINE TO COARSE SURFACE - 35 sq m. coverage area
 SMOOTH TO FINE - 40 sq m. coverage area
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A concrete firewall measures 30 meters long and 12 meters high. Determine the number of gallons
(4liters content) required using Acrylic gloss latex paint if the wall is: Coarse to Rough Surface
SOLUTION:
 SOLVE FOR THE WALL AREA:

 30X12= 360 sq. m
 360 sq. m divided by 30 sq.m. area coverage per gallon of neutralizer and water solution:
 360/30=12 gallons
 If one quart of neutralizer is mixed with 2 ½ gallons of water; divide:

 12 gallons / 2.5 = 4.8 say 5 quarts neutralizer
 Solve for the acrylic latex paint primer

 360/30=12 gallons
 Solve for the acrylic gloss latex paint for final coating
 360/30=12 gallons

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 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS B MIXTURE; MULTIPLY THE VOLUME BY THE CORRESPONDING

 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS AA MIXTURE;

POST AND FOOTING

 USING 40 KG CEMENT CLASS A MIXTURE;

CEMENT MORTAR FOR BLOCK LAYING

 TAKE NOTE THAT 2.70 METERS HIGH WALL DIVIDED

 FIND THE TOTAL VOLUME OF HOLLOW CORE

 TOTAL VOLUME; ADD THE RESULTS OF STEP 2 AND 4.

 USING CLASS B MIXTURE, MULTIPLY:

CEMENT MORTAR FOR PLASTERING

COMMERCIAL SIZE OF STEEL BARS

STANDARD WEIGHT OF PLAIN OR DEFORMED ROUND STEEL BARS IN KILOGRAM

36 mm 47.95 59.94 71.93 529.90 95.90

BAR SPLICE LENGTH

 SOLVE FOR THE AREA OF THE FENCE

 FOR VERTICAL REINFORCEMENT SPACED @80CM,REFER TO

 SOLVE FOR THE HORIZONTAL BARS AT EVERY 3 LAYERS.

 ADD THE RESULTS OF 2 AND 3.

 SOLVE FOR THE WALL AREA.

TOPIC IV: LUMBER

BOARD FOOT METHOD

 FOR 2 SPANS, MULTIPLY:

 FIND THE NUMBER OF BOARDS ALONG 3.60M.

 FIND THE NUMBER OF BOARDS ALONG 7.20M.

 MULTIPLY THE 2 RESULTS.

PLAIN G.I. STRIP

Glazed wall tiles Unglazed floor tiles

White cement filler

 COARSE TO ROUGH SURFACE - 30 sq m. coverage area

 SOLVE FOR THE WALL AREA:

 If one quart of neutralizer is mixed with 2 ½ gallons of water; divide:

 Solve for the acrylic latex paint primer

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