Paragraph Headings Answer Discussion

Paragraph Headings Answer Discussion
Paragraph B
(vi) - Historical foundations
B. In the 19th century most towns were heavily fortified and the foundations of these
walls are sometimes visible. Collecting tolls to enter and exit through the walls was a
major source of revenue for the old town rulers, as were market fees. The markets
were generally located centrally and in small towns, while in large towns there were
permanent stands made of corrugated iron or concrete. The market was usually next
to the local ruler’s palace.
In this first question, the word 'foundation' is in the topic sentence. This does not
automatically make 'vi' the correct answer. However, it is a good reason to flag this
up as a possibility. The heading also refers to 'history', so the reference to '19th
century' in the topic sentence tells us the paragraph is about the history. A quick
skim of the paragraph confirms this.
Paragraph C
(ix) - The residences of the rulers
C. The palaces were often very large. In the 1930’s, the area of Oyo’s palace
covered 17 acres, and consisted of a series of courtyards surrounded by private and
public rooms. After colonization, many of the palaces were completely or partially
demolished. Often the rulers built two storey houses for themselves using some of
the palace grounds for government buildings.
The topic setence mentions the palaces, which is where the rulers of Yaruba would
likely live, and the heading mentioned the homes (residences) of the rulers, so it is
likely to be ix. Reading the rest of the paragraph confirms that the whole paragraph
talks generally about the palaces in Yoruna. Don't be tricked by the 'colonisation'
heading. This only refers to one sentence in the paragraph, not the whole
paragraph. It is therefore a supporting point rather than the main idea.
Paragraph D
(iii) - Urban divisions
D. The town is divided into different sections. In some towns these are regular,
extending out from the center of the town like spokes on a wheel, while in others,
where space is limited, they are more random. The different areas are further divided
into compounds called “ile”. These vary in size considerably from single dwellings to
up to thirty houses. They tend to be larger in the North. Large areas are devoted to
government administrative buildings. Newer developments such as industrial or
commercial areas or apartment housing for civil servants tends to be build on the
edge of the town.
The answer is first seen in the topic sentence. The word 'divided' should have
flagged this up to you as a possibility. Notice the use of the synonym 'urban' to
replace 'town'. It is common to see synonyms in paragraph headings questions and
other IELTS reading questions.
Paragraph E
(iv) - Architectural home styles
E. Houses are rectangular and either have a courtyard in the center or the rooms
come off a central corridor. Most social life occurs in the courtyard. They are usually
built of hardened mud and have roofs of corrugated iron or, in the countryside,
thatch. Buildings of this material are easy to alter, either by knocking down rooms or
adding new ones. And can be improved by coating the walls with cement. Richer
people often build their houses of concrete blocks and, if they can afford to, build two
storey houses. Within compounds there can be quite a mixture of building types.
Younger well-educated people may have well furnished houses while their older
relatives live in mud walled buildings and sleep on mats on the floor.
The topic sentence starts to give you a clue that 'iv' is the correct choice of the
paragraph headings as it discusses houses and their styles. This is then discussed
further in the supporting sentences that follow.
Paragraph F
(vii) - Domestic arrangements
F. The builder or the most senior man gets a room either near the entrance or, in a
two storied house, next to the balcony. He usually has more than one room. Junior
men get a room each and there are separate rooms for teenage boys and girls to
sleep in. Younger children sleep with their mothers. Any empty room are used as
storage, let out or, if they face the street, used as shops.
In this context, 'domestic' means of or relating to the home, so the heading is

referring to the arrangements within the home. Again, just by reading the topic
sentence you can see that this paragraph is discussing home arrangements and
skimming through the rest of the paragraph confirms this.
Paragraph G
(i) - Town facilities
G. Amenities vary. In some towns most of the population uses communal water taps
and only the rich have piped water, in others piped water is more normal. Some
areas have toilets, but bucket toilets are common with waste being collected by a
“night soil man”. Access to water and electricity are key political issues.
'Facilities' is a synonym of 'amenities' so this is the first clue that this could fit this
paragraph, but you need to read on to confirm that the paragraph is discussing the
facilities of the town, which it is.

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Paragraph Headings Answer Discussion

(vi) - Historical foundations

(ix) - The residences of the rulers

(iii) - Urban divisions

(iv) - Architectural home styles

(vii) - Domestic arrangements

In this context, 'domestic' means of or relating to the home, so the heading is

(i) - Town facilities

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