Scribd
Upload
465 views

Perun It Examples

The document discusses per unit quantities and formulas for relating base values in single phase and three phase systems. It also provides an example problem of calculating reactances in per unit for a power system diagram using different generator and transformer ratings and specifications.

Uploaded by

1453h
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
465 views

Perun It Examples

The document discusses per unit quantities and formulas for relating base values in single phase and three phase systems. It also provides an example problem of calculating reactances in per unit for a power system diagram using different generator and transformer ratings and specifications.

Uploaded by

1453h
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

PER UNIT QUANTITIES

Tuesday 28/11/1427

actual value in any unit


p.u. value = (9.1)
base or reference value in the same unit

For a single-phase system, the following formulas relate the various base
quantities [1]:
base kVA1φ
Base current = (A) (9.2)
base voltage, kVLN
base voltage, VLN
Base impedance = (Ω) (9.3)
base current, A

Base impedance =
(base voltage, kVLN )2 (Ω) (9.4)
MVA1φ

For a three-phase system, the relations among various base quantities are as
follows:
base kVA 3φ
Base current = (A) (9.5)
3 × base voltage, kVLL

Base impedance =
(base kV LL )
2
/ 3 ×1000
(Ω) (9.6)
base kVA 3φ / 3

Base impedance =
(basekVLL )2
(Ω) (9.7)
MVA 3φ

It is clear that equations (9.4) and (9.7) are identical and we do not need to carry
the subscripts to distinguish single and 3-phase cases, provided that we:
• Use line-to-line kilovolts with three-phase megavoltamperes, and
• Use line-to-neutral kilovolts with megavoltamperes per phase.

For both single and three phase systems


Base KW (or MW) = Base kVA (or MVA) (9.8)

⎛ Base kVA new ⎞


2
⎛ Base kVgiven ⎞
p.u. Z on new base = p.u. Z on given base ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜ ⎟ …(9-10)
⎜ Base kVA given ⎟
⎝ Base kV new ⎠ ⎝ ⎠

Page (1)
Example 9.4:

j60 Ω j80 Ω Figure


(e9.4)

The
single-
line
diagram of a power system is shown in Fig. (e9.4) [1]. Reactances of the
transmission line are shown on the diagram. The generators and transformers are
rated as follows:
Generator 1: 25 MVA, 13.8 kV, X = 0.25 p.u.
Generator 2: 28 MVA, 18 kV, X = 0.20 p.u.
Generator 3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X = 0.23 p.u.
Transformer T1: 25 MVA, 220Y / 13.8 Δ kV, X = 10%
Transformer T2: made from three single-phase units, each rated 10 MVA, 127 / 18
kV, X = 10%
Transformer T3: 35 MVA, 220Y / 22Y kV, X = 10%

SOLUTION
Choose a base of 50 MVA and 13.8 kV in the circuit of generator 1 and find base
voltages in the rest of the network.

• New MVA base is 50 MVA for all components.


• New kV base is 13.8 kV for generator 1, 18 kV for generator 2 and 22 kV
for generator 3. The base voltages for transmission lines are 220 kV.
• Therefore, new p.u. values of X for

Page (2)
• (1) generators are:
2
⎛ 13.8 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
X for generator 1 = 0.25 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.5 p.u.
⎝ 13.8 ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠
2
⎛ 18 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
X for generator 2 = 0.2 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.357 p.u.
⎝ 18 ⎠ ⎝ 28 ⎠
2
⎛ 20 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
X for generator 3 = 0.23 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.317 p.u.
⎝ 22 ⎠ ⎝ 30 ⎠
• (2) Transmission lines

Base impedance for all transmission lines =


(Base kV )2 = (220)2 = 968 Ω
Base MVA 50
60
p.u. X of 60 Ω line = = 0.0620 p.u.
968
80
p.u. X of 80 Ω line = = 0.0826 p.u.
968

• (3) for transformers

2
⎛ 220 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
Reactance for transformer T1 = 0.1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.2 p.u.
⎝ 220 ⎠ ⎝ 25 ⎠
2
⎛ 127 3 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
Reactance for transformer T2 = 0.1 ⎜⎜ ⎟
⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.167 p.u.
⎝ 220 ⎠ ⎝ 10 × 3 ⎠
2
⎛ 220 ⎞ ⎛ 50 ⎞
Reactance for transformer T3 = 0.1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = 0.143 p.u.
⎝ 220 ⎠ ⎝ 35 ⎠
The reactance diagram for the system shown by single line diagram of Fig. (e9.4),
on a base of 50 MVA and 13.8 kV in the circuit of generator 1 is as shown in Fig.
(e9.9). Note that the phase shift caused by Δ-Y or Y-Δ transformers have been
ignored here and in the following examples.

Page (3)
Fig. (e9.9): Reactance diagram for the system of Fig. (e9.4) with all reactances
given in p.u. on the base values specified in Example (9.4).

Page (4)

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy