100 Point Car Check

What do they check when performing a 100-point checklist?

Car Body Inspection
1 Door seams- even and straight
2 Fender seams- even and straight
3 Hood and fender seams- even and straight
4 Trunk and fenders seams- even and straight
5 Body panel repair check- body repair indications
6 Fender repair check- fender repair indications
7 Door repair check- door repair indication
8 Rocker panel check- rocker panel repair indication
9 Consistent paint color check
10 Repaint check- overall vehicle
11 Overspray check- moldings
12 Overspray check- door edges
13 Overspray check- hood
14 Overspray check- trunk
Tire Inspection
15 Consistent 4 tire tread check
16 4 tire size check
17 4 tire brand check
18 Spare tire check
19 Tire jack check
20 Tire lug wrench check
21 Locking hubcap removal key check
22 Spare tire inflation check
Suspension Inspection
23 Level vehicle check
24 Shock absorber check
25 Noise check on vehicle corners
Frame Inspection
26 Frame straightening check
27 Trunk interior
28 Wheel well interiors
29 Hood interior
30 Frame outer edge
28 Check for scratched or recently cleaned areas
Gas Cap and Filler Neck Inspection
29 Gas cap check- correct fit, key
30 Interior gas cap- filler neck, leaded fuel restrictor
Interior Inspection
31 Upholstery check
32 Upholstery tears
33 Upholstery stains
34 Upholstery burns
35 Dashboard check
36 Headliner check
37 Seats adjustment check
38 Missing window cranks, door locks, handles, dash controls
39 Interior light check
40 Dash bulb check
41 Carpet condition check and match
42 Water damage check- mildew
43 Under dash carpet check- heater core or air conditioner leak
Car Accessories Inspection
44 Accessory operation test
45 Air conditioner- quick response and proper temperature
46 Heater- quick response and proper temperature
47 Alarm system function
48 GPS function
49 Audio system check-speakers
Engine Compartment Inspection
50 Oil and fluid leaks check
51 Full operating temperature check
52 Smell check- leaking fluids on hot engine parts
53 Noise check- clattering, metallic, hissing
54 Missing parts check
55 Removed parts check
Under the Vehicle Inspection
56 Fluid leak check. Green antifreeze, reddish power steering or
transmission fluid, dark brown or black fluid oil or brake fluid.
57 Transmission underside check
58 Axle ends check
59 Engine underside check
60 Brake line connections check
61 Ground check- fluid leak beneath the vehicle
62 Loose parts
63 Missing parts- bolts, clamps, brackets or cables
64 Rusty exhaust system parts
65 Bottomed out check- scrapes
66 Exhaust check-normal temperature
67 Smoke check-White or blue and black smoke
Engine Inspection
68 Engine start check
69 Engine stall check
70 Engine idle check
71 Engine idle speed check
72 Engine acceleration hesitation
73 Engine smooth operation check
74 Engine power check
75 Cruise control check
76 Engine system warning lights check
77 Engine dieseling check
Transmission and Clutch Inspection
78 Smooth automatic shifting check
79 Smooth manual-shift
80 Smooth take-off without grabbing or jerking
81 Hard acceleration in third or fourth gear
82 Hard acceleration while going uphill
83 Clutch Slippage Check- Rise in engine RPMs without a equal increase in
vehicle speed
84 Low gear manual-shift check
4-Wheel Drive Inspection
85 4-wheel drive Forward and reverse check
86 Tight corner check- noises
87 Tight corner check- wheels bind or pull
88 Straight drive check- wheels bind or pull
Brake Inspection
89 Brake check- various speeds
90 Brake check- sudden stop check
91 Brake check- pull to one side
92 Brakes stop check
93 ABS check- sudden stop capability
94 Wheel lock check
95 Parking brake hold and release check
Steering Inspection
96 Steering check- vehicle pull to one side
97 Steering check- stiff
98 Steering check- sharp turn- noises, rubbing, binding
99 Steering check- shake or vibration at higher speeds
100 Steering wheel check- centered

Operating Your Car

We've compiled our best expert advice, surprising tricks, and maintenance and fix-it tips to prolong the
life of your car!

1. Be patient during the break-in period

You've bought your dream car and now you want to make it last at long as possible in top condition. Here
are some things to remember as you pull it out of the dealer's lot:

 During the break-in period, typically the first 1,000 miles (1,600 km), keep your speed under 55 mph
(88 kpm) or to the speed recommended by your car's manufacturer.
 Avoid heavy loads on the drive train, such as towing trailers, and loading the roof rack or trunk with
heavy construction materials.
 Do not allow your new car to idle for long periods -- this is good advice for the life of your car, but
especially during breakin. The oil pressure generated by doing so may not be sending oil to every part of
your engine.
 Use only light to medium acceleration, keeping the engine rpms below 3,000 for the first few hours of
driving.

2. Drive with care everyday

Being car considerate shouldn't stop after the break-in. Drive with care every day and your car will reward
you with longer intervals without repair.
 Do not race your car's engine during start-up.This is a quick way to add years of wear to your engine,
especially if it's cold outside.
 Accelerate slowly when you begin your drive.The most wear to the engine and drive train occurs in the
first ten to twenty minutes of operation.
 Warming the engine by letting it idle in the driveway is not a smart idea.The engine doesn't operate at
its peak temperature, resulting in incomplete fuel combustion, soot deposits on cylinder walls, oil
contamination, and ultimately damaged components.
 Put less strain on your engine and automatic transmission by shifting to neutral at red lights.
Otherwise, the engine is still working to push the car even while it's stopped.
 Avoid driving at high speeds and accelerating quickly, especially when it's very hot or very cold
outside. Such driving behavior will result in more frequent repairs.
 Extend the life of your tires with careful driving. Observe posted speed limits. Avoid fast starts, stops,
and turns. Avoid potholes and objects on the road. Don't run over curbs or hit the tire against the curb
when parking. And, of course, don't burn rubber.
 When turning your steering wheel, don't hold it in an extreme right or left position for more than a few
seconds. Doing so can damage the power-steering pump.
 Consolidate your short driving trips. Most of the wear and tear -- as well as the pollution your car
generates -- takes place in the first few minutes of driving. Doing several errands at once, during low
traffic hours if possible, will keep your engine happier longer.

3. Buy gas at reputable service stations

Ask whether the gas you buy is filtered at the pump and if the station has a policy about changing the
pump filters regularly. If you get a song and dance, find another gas station. Some stations don't have
pump filters, making you more vulnerable to dirty gasoline. Other stations may not mix alcohol and fuel
properly -- or worse, water down their product. Find a station you trust and stick to it.

4. Don't fill up if you see the tanker

If you happen to see a gasoline tanker filling the tanks at your local gas station, come back another day or
go to a different station. As the station's underground tanks are being filled, the turbulence can stir up
sediment. Sediment in your gas can clog fuel filters and fuel injectors, causing poor performance and
possibly necessitating repairs.

5. Go easy when you're stuck

When stuck in mud or snow, don't make the problem worse by damaging an expensive component. Gently
rocking in an attempt to free the car is fine. But if it looks as though you're really stuck, don't keep at it.
Throwing your car from forward to reverse repeatedly, as well as spinning tires at high speeds, can
generate lots of heat and spell trouble for transmissions, clutches, and differentials. It may be cheaper in
the long run to call the tow truck rather than risk big repair bills down the road. It's a good idea to carry a
traction aid in the trunk, such as sand, gravel, or cat litter.

6. Lighten up your key chain

Does your car key share a chain with a dozen or more other keys? That's a pretty heavy load hanging off
the car key when it's in the ignition.The weight, combined with bouncing while you drive, can wear out the
tumblers inside the ignition and eventually lead to ignition switch failure.To add years of service to your
ignition switch, purchase a lightweight key chain that allows you to separate your ignition key from the
others. Drive with only the ignition key in your ignition. If your ignition key "sticks" when you try to turn
on the car, it's a warning that your ignition switch is about to fail. Replace it before you get stranded.

7. Choose a good car insurer

Sometimes, no matter how careful you are, disaster inevitably strikes -- typically in the form of an
accident. Make sure that your car will be repaired to the best possible standard by finding an insurer that
will pay for parts from the original manufacturer and guarantee the repairs it authorizes.

8. Keep an auto log

Keep a pad and pencil in the glove compartment and use them to record your gas fill-ups and mileage. If
you notice that your gas mileage worsens, mention it to your service man. It may be an early warning
sign that something is wrong with your car.

9. Preserve your car during long-term storage

If you are not going to use your car for more than a month, store it properly to prevent unnecessary
damage and repairs upon your return.

 Fill the gas tank to help prevent condensation from accumulating in the gas tank. Add a fuel
stabilizer and drive the car around a bit to distribute the additive to engine parts.
 Wash and wax the car thoroughly to protect the finish.
 Place a vapor barrier on your garage floor. A 4-mil polyethylene drop cloth will do.
 Disengage the parking brake to help avoid brake corrosion.
 Put the car on jack stands to take the weight of the vehicle off the wheels and tires.
 Disconnect and remove the battery to keep it from draining. Place the battery on a trickletype
charger. Or periodically drain the battery, using a small light bulb, and then recharge it with a low-
volt charger.
 Plug the tailpipe with a rag to prevent moist air from infiltrating into it.

Car Interior

10. Park in the shade

Of course, a garage is always the ideal place to park your car. But if one isn't available, minimize interior
damage from UV sunlight and heat by always trying to park your car in the shade. If no shade is available
or if you find parking under a tree results in bird droppings, use a car shade to minimize the sun's impact.
As a bonus, you'll have a cooler car to step into on hot sunny days. Car shades come in two basic types:
those that you unfold and place on the front windshield and rear window, or pleated types that attach to
the windshield posts (with adhesive), window frames (with Velcro), or the windows themselves (with
suction cups).

11. Clean the inside, too

Vacuum and sponge your interior every time you wash your car. Dirt particles are abrasive, and spilled
liquids, such as soda, can be corrosive.Vacuum your interior thoroughly with a powerful vacuum (small
cordless models are generally too weak). Use the appropriate wand heads when vacuuming. The bare
metal wand can mar and scratch surfaces. Sponge vinyl surfaces clean with a solution of mild detergent
and water.

12. Clean dash gauges carefully

Use a soft damp cloth to lightly wipe dust from the clear plastic lenses on your dashboard. Too much
pressure will scratch them. Too many scratches can make it difficult to read your gauges under certain
lighting conditions.

13. Let floor mats take winter's beating

Use floor mats to protect carpeting. The best type for controlling salt, slush, and mud in winter are rubber
wafflestyle mats. They stay in place, don't allow the water to seep through, and are easy to wash clean.
Carpet-style mats are helpful, too. Shake, vacuum, or wash as needed; replace them as they wear
through.

14. Blast mats with the hose

When washing your car, drag out the rubber or carpet floor mats and blast them with the hose.This will
dislodge dirt particles that, if allowed to build up, will grind holes in your mats. Let the mats dry
thoroughly in the sun before reinstalling them.

15. For stubborn carpet or mat stains

After vacuuming floor mats or interior carpeting, apply foam rug cleaner to resistant stains as directed by
the maker. Work the foam into a few square feet at a time, using a wet sponge or brush. Vacuum when
dry.

16. Preserve door and window seals

Wipe a rubber protectant (such as Armor-All) or silicone on door and window weatherstripping to keep it
in good condition. Don't use an oilbased product, such as WD-40, because the oil will damage the rubber.
Regular cleaning and treatment of your car's weatherstripping will also lessen the likelihood of your door
sticking to its rubber seal in cold weather, a common cause of damage to the rubber.

17. Fix bad weatherstripping immediately

If your weatherstripping is letting rainwater leak into the interior of your car, take a look at it and decide if
you can repair it or if it needs to be replaced. Small leaks can be handled with brush-on seam sealers.
Resecure loose sections, not otherwise damaged, with trim adhesive. Torn sections may be repaired with
special caulking available at auto parts stores. You may also be able to extend the life of worn-but-intact
sections by inserting foam rods, available at automotive stores, into the hollow section of the
weatherstripping. If you decide to replace entire sections of gasket, don't simply buy generic stuff such as
you'd use around the house. Buy a product that matches your car's original weatherstripping -- it's
available in a wide variety of profiles from dealerships and automotive mail-order catalogues.

18. Keep leather from drying out and cracking

Leather cars seats are durable and don't require a lot of maintenance. After a few years, however, the
seats can become soiled. Use a leather cleaner to remove dirt and stains.Then apply a leather protectant
formulated for pigmented or top-coated grain leather (the leather used for most leather car upholstery).
Protectants will resist stains and make the upholstery easier to clean in the future. Choose a protectant
that includes conditioners to keep your leather supple.

19. Use upholstery cleaners on soiled seats

The same upholstery cleaners you use at home can be used on your car's upholstery. Use them sparingly,
however, to avoid saturating the fabric. Use a clean cloth to wipe away the foam. On velour seats, brush
the fibers gently to avoid matting them and to preserve the original texture of the fabric.

20. Renew fabric upholstery

Spraying fabric car seats and carpets with a fabric protectant, such as Scotchgard, will make them resist
dirt and stains, and make them easier to clean. Thoroughly clean the fabrics before using one of these
products and then test the product on an inconspicuous place to be sure the treatment will not discolor
the fabric.

21. Place a towel under baby seats

All manner of food bits and liquids can accumulate under a baby seat, where they can permanently stain
the upholstery. Place a sheet of heavy plastic and an absorbent towel under the seat to prevent damage,
and re-secure the seat according to the manufacturer's directions.

Car Exterior

22. Protect car paint from the sun

Paint does more than make your vehicle look great. It's also the first line of defense against rusted body
panels. Of course, the best way to protect the paint is to park the car in a garage. If that is not possible,
park in the shade or purchase a car cover. The sun's ultraviolet rays break down paint and cause it to
fade. Some car covers protect your car from more than sun, moisture, bird droppings, and dust -- they
also have a thin layer of cushioning that will guard against light impact, such as from a tipped bicycle or
small falling tree branch.

23. Touch up nicks sooner rather than later

Touch-up paint won't adhere well to rust. So be sure to keep some matching touch-up paint on hand so
you can touch up any minor nicks, often found around door edges, before rust has a chance to form.

24. Tape saves light covers

A cracked taillight or turn-signal cover, if left alone, may allow your light compartment to fill with water
and cause some real damage. A good short-term fix is to tape over the crack. Use the red or orange tape
that's made for this purpose.You can purchase it at many automotive parts stores.

25. Avoid light fixture problems

When changing a bad bulb, clean dirty or corroded sockets with fine steel wool or a small wire brush.Wipe
the socket clean of debris before installing the new light bulb.

26. Fix small windshield chips

Got a rock chip, crack, or ding in your windshield? Bring your car to a windshield repair shop. For far less
cost than replacing the windshield, they can fix chips and cracks, even quite long ones. The repairs not
only keep the chips and cracks from spreading and restore structural integrity, they also improve clarity.

27. Fill with washer fluid only

Don't add water to the windshield washer reservoir. It won't clean as well as washer fluid, and it may
freeze in cold weather and damage the system. Don't try to run your windshield washer system once you
suspect there's no more fluid in the tank, or you may damage the washer fluid pump.

28. Fix the washer fluid tank

Cracked washer-deicer fluid tanks are fairly common once a car is of a certain age. A good remedy -- until
you can buy a new tank or find one at the junkyard -- is to insert a plastic freezer bag into the tank and
fill it with the washer fluid.

29. Don't try to carry too much

Never exceed your car's roof load specifications or weight limits.You can find them in your vehicle owner's
manual. Check the weight limitation of your roof rack as well. Typically the range is from 150 to 200
pounds (68 to 90 kg). That's the equivalent of eighteen 8-foot 2 x 4s (2.4-meter 38 x 89s) or three sheets
of 3/4-inch (17-mm) plywood. If you have to deliver a heavy load from the home or garden center,
consider having it delivered. It will save wear and tear on you as well as your car.

30. Keep an old blanket handy

Protect your car's roof from scratches with an old blanket before tying lumber, bicycles, or luggage to your
roof rack.

31. Secure loads to avoid dents and scratches

The beginning of the end for the finish on many cars and trucks -- and for wagon and hatchback interiors
for that matter -- is an improperly stowed load. Invest in the appropriate racks for bicycles, cargo, and
luggage. A good trick to keep tall objects from sliding around in a pick-up truck bed is to use a shower
curtain rod (or two) as a brace. Just push the cargo against the front wall of the truck bed and install the
rod behind it. Twist to secure. Cargo nets will also help keep objects from banging around and damaging a
truck bed.

32. Inspect wheel-well splashguards

These guards, however flimsy on many of today's cars, help keep water and winter's salty slush from
splashing up into the engine compartment, where it can damage sensitive electrical components.
Unfortunately, these guards tear off easily -- sometimes without the driver knowing it. Check for damage
to these guards when you wash your car. Re-secure with the appropriate fasteners or replace as needed.
As added protection from splashed-up muck, slush, and debris, install mud flaps (also called splash
guards) on your vehicle.

33. Wash in winter, too

If you rarely wash your car during messy winter weather, you are not alone.The cars you see on the road
make it obvious that lots of folks figure,"Why bother? The car is going to look awful the next time I drive
it." The problem with this thinking is that washing is more important in the winter than other times of the
year. All that sand, slush, and ice mixed with road salt is exactly what makes your car rust.The fastest
corrosion occurs when the temperature repeatedly rises above and then falls below freezing. Especially
during the messy months, be sure to rinse the undercarriage and hard-to-reach areas that are susceptible
to rust, such as the bumpers and inside the wheel wells. If the temperature outside is going to stay above
freezing long enough for your car and driveway to dry, fill a bucket with warm water and tackle the job at
home. If not, pay a visit to your local car wash and be sure they dry the car thoroughly.

34. Wax to protect your car's paint job

No way around it! Waxing your car is work. But it's satisfying work that will help keep your car looking
new. Car wax preserves paint by slowing oxidation and forming a barrier against bird droppings, sap, and
pollution. Plus driving a nice shiny car is just plain fun.

Here's what to do to ensure the maximum in protection:

 Liquid and spray waxes are tempting to use -- they make the car shiny with less work than rubbing
in paste wax. But there's still no beating paste wax for the hardest, longest-lasting finish. Look for
paste with a high carnauba wax content.
 Apply a thin, even coat of wax to the car's surfaces with a damp sponge. Avoid applying too much,
or it will be difficult to remove and some residue will inevitably mar your finish.
 To avoid fine scratches, use a clean, soft cotton or microfiber cloth to remove wax once it has
dried.
 Apply an extra coat of wax to the nose and hood. The wax film in these areas wears away quickly.

35. Give your car a new skin

New self-adhering urethane films have been developed to protect the most vulnerable painted areas on
your car from stone chips and other minor abrasions.You can wash and wax these surfaces, just as you
would the rest of the paint job. While it's best to have these films professionally installed, you can peel
them off yourself. One product is made by 3M, and you can learn more by going to 3m.com and searching
for Scotchgard Paint Protection Film Solutions.

36. Don't let tools mar your car's finish

If you plan to service and make repairs to your car, invest in a fender cover. It drapes over your fender,
providing a safe place to rest your tools without causing scratches. It will also prevent your belt buckle
from marring your paint as you lean into the engine compartment to work.

Tires, Wheels, and Brakes

37. Keep the caps on

You step out into driveway ready to start your morning commute only to discover a flat tire. How in the
heck did that happen overnight? If the tire valve is missing its cap, the culprit might be a leaky valve.
Those little caps keep out dirt and moisture that can cause leaks, so be sure to keep caps on all your tire
valves. Another tip: When you replace tires, remind the tire shop that you expect new valves with the
tires.

38. Maintain proper inflation

Under-inflated tires are a tire salesman's best friend. They create excessive heat and stress that can lead
to tire failure. If you want to get every last mile out of your tires, get yourself a tire pressure gauge and
use it at least once a month (more in hot weather) to keep your tires inflated to the recommendation in
the vehicle's owner's manual. Check tires when they are cold (driven for less than one mile) for an
accurate reading.

39. Beware the wet thumb

If you top off your tires at a service station, check to see if there's moisture coming from the air pump.
Simply depress the pin inside the inflator valve with your thumbnail. If your thumb gets wet, advise the
station manager that his tanks need to be drained and go to a different station. Moisture, trapped inside a
tire, can cause pressure variations and corrode rims.

40. Check for uneven wear

Check tires for uneven wear. If you've maintained tire inflation properly, uneven wear may indicate the
need for a wheel realignment. It can also mean improperly operating brakes or shocks, a bent wheel,
internal tire damage, or worn bushings.

41. Check tread for safety

Most states require tires to be replaced when they have worn down to 1/16-inch (1.5 mm) of remaining
tire depth.Tires sold in North America are required to have "wear bars" molded into them to make it easy
to see when tire replacement is legally required. However, if you'll be driving in the rain, you should
change your tires when there is 1/8-inch (3 mm) of tread left. Otherwise, water may not escape from
under your tires fast enough and you risk hydroplaning -- a dangerous situation in which your car loses
traction and literally floats on the water. Stick an American quarter between the treads in several places.
If part of Washington's head is always covered, you have enough tread to drive in the rain. If you drive in
snow, you'll need at least 3/16-inch (5 mm) of tread to get adequate traction. Stick an American penny
between the treads. If the top of the Lincoln Memorial is always covered, you're ready for winter driving.

42. Rotate your tires

Rotating your tires helps to distribute tire wear evenly and ensures that you'll get the maximum road life
out of them. The first rotation is especially important.Your owner's manual should specify both rotation
period and pattern. If not, rotate your tires every 6,000 to 7,500 miles (9,700 to 12,000 km) -- your tire
dealer should know the correct pattern of tire rotation.

43. When temperatures affect tire inflation

When outside temperatures drop or soar, tires tend to lose pressure. A drop of 10 degrees F (6 degrees
C), in fact, will decrease a tire's air pressure by 1 or 2 pounds.Tires can lose even more air in hot weather.
Under-inflated tires can result in accelerated wear and poor driving performance. If you live in a place
where temperatures vary a lot, check your tire pressure often and add air as needed.

44. Buy used tires

If you own a car that you plan to drive only for another year, the last thing you want to do is to buy a new
set of tires. If it's time to replace those tires though, it's really time. Rather than hesitate, buy a set of
used tires. Call local tire dealers to see what's available. You'll be surprised by how much wear is left in
tires that are turned in by image-conscious car owners. Have your tire size handy.

45. Use wheel cleaner

Your car's wheels are down there on the road, taking the brunt of road dirt. Add in the dust that wears off
your brake pads and you've got a formula for stains that are tough to remove when you wash your
vehicle. Car-washing liquid won't do the job.You need a wheel cleaner specifically formulated to remove
such stains. Be sure to buy the correct formulation. Some cleaners are designed for metal wheels, and
others for painted or clear-coated wheels.The metal wheel cleaners come in various formulations as well,
depending upon whether your metal wheel has a satin, aluminum, or chrome finish. Protect metal wheels
with wheel polish, painted wheels with a coat of wax.

46. Lube your lug nuts

Lug nuts, if not lubricated occasionally, can seize or "freeze" to the studs due to corrosion. Repairing them
can be expensive. Having to call a tow truck for a flat you can't remove is even more expensive.The next
time you change or rotate your tires, pick up some anti-seize lubricant at your local auto supply store.
Clean the stud threads with a wire brush and wipe them with the lubricant. It's formulated to prevent the
lug nuts (spark plugs, too) from seizing and won't allow them to loosen as you drive, the way other
lubricants might. If a lug nut does freeze to a stud, try spraying the nut and stud with WD-40 or Liquid
Wrench. Allow it to penetrate for 10 or 20 minutes. Use a heat gun to apply heat.Then use a ratchet
wrench to remove the lug.

47. Hang on to your hubcaps

Clang, clang, clang! There goes your hubcap,rolling off to destination unknown. Hubcaps, wheel covers,
and center caps can pop off your car's wheels as you're driving if they were not reinstalled correctly, have
loosened over time, or if they were damaged by being jammed against a curb while parking. Here are
some things you can do to keep these expensive parts on the car:
  If your older metal hubcap has loosened, remove it and pry the metal clips outward slightly. This
should fix the problem.
 Newer plastic-type hubcaps and some wheel covers are usually held in place by a retaining wire
ring that snaps into tabs on the wheel. When installing such a cap or cover, take care that you do
not bend or break the tabs.
 One way to make sure your expensive hubcaps aren't damaged by a repair shop is to remove them
yourself before taking your car in for a repair that requires wheel removal, such as a brake job or
new tires. When reinstalling hubcaps, rest the hubcap in place and then tap it gently with a rubber
mallet. Don't hit the hubcap hard, or you might break the clips underneath. If you prefer to have
your repair person remove the covers, check to make sure they were reinstalled properly.They
should look even and flush.

48. Have wheel alignment checked

Have your car's wheel alignment checked every 30,000 miles (48,000 km), or as recommended in your
owner's manual. Also have it checked after buying new tires and when you replace a rack-and-pinion
steering unit or other steering parts. Improper tire alignment will shorten the life of your tires as well as
cause poor handling. If your steering is stiffer than normal or the vehicle pulls to one side, you probably
have an alignment problem.

49. Top off your brake fluid

Check brake fluid monthly.Wipe dirt from the master cylinder lid before you open it. If you need fluid, add
the type recommended by your car's maker. Never substitute other fluids, such as transmission or power-
steering fluid. And don't use brake fluid from a previously opened container. Once exposed to air, brake
fluid absorbs moisture and contaminates easily.

50. Care for anti-lock brakes

An anti-lock brake system is sensitive to moisture, which can ruin the expensive ABS pump and rot the
brake lines from the inside. Since brake fluid attracts moisture, it should be "bled" or purged at least
every three years, or as specified in your owner's manual.

Car Engine and Other Systems

51. Check engine oil at every other fill-up

For an accurate reading, follow this procedure:

 Run or drive your car for about 15 minutes to warm the oil; then park the car in a level place.Turn
off the engine and wait 15 minutes to allow the oil in the engine to drain back to the oil pan.
 Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean with a paper towel or rag. Reinsert the dipstick, being sure
to push it in all the way, then pull it out again to check the oil level. It should be somewhere
between the hash marks on the dipstick.
 Add the type and amount of oil as specified in your owner's manual, if necessary.

52. Change oil frequently

Your dad knew that frequent oil changes were key to keeping his Buick on the road another year. And
while owner's manuals for today's cars recommend increasing long intervals between oil changes, the fact
remains -- frequent changes flush abrasive dirt and metal particles out of the engine, prolonging its life.
Most owner's manuals recommend a more frequent interval for "severe conditions." To maximize the life
of your engine, follow the severe intervals recommendations, especially if drive regularly in stop-and-go
traffic.

53. Avoid overfilling your crankcase with oil

Don't overfill your engine crankcase with oil. If you do, the oil can rise into the crankshaft, where air
bubbles will get churned into the oil.Your oil pump can't do a good job of circulating oil with air bubbles.
The result can be overheating and stress on engine components. Overfilling can also foul your sparkplugs.
In fact, overfilling is a bad idea with all automotive fluids.

54. Wipe oil pan plug clean

If you do your own oil changes, clean the drain plug and washer with rags before reinstalling your oil pan.
Some plugs are magnetized to trap metal particles.

55. Don't forget the filters

There are several filters (the main ones are oil, fuel, transmission, and air) important to preserving your
car engine, and they should be changed according to the schedule in your owner's manual or as follows:

 Change the oil filter at least at every other oil change -- every change is even better because the
old filter contains nearly a quart of dirty oil that will remain with the new, clean oil. If you change
your oil yourself, wipe the filter threads with an anti-seize lubricant, available at auto supply
stores.
 Check the air filter every two months and replace it when dirty or as part of a tune-up. Air filters
are generally easier to get to than oil filters.You find them under the big metal lid in a carbureted
engine or in a rectangular box in a fuelinjected engine -- check your owner's manual for the exact
location. Extend the life of air filters by blowing them clean with compressed air.
 Despite claims by makers and dealers that some newer fuel filters never need changing, it's smart
to have it done once a year. A clogged fuel filter will cause poor engine performance (hesitation
and starting difficulties) and is an early warning that there may be corrosion in your gas tank.
 Change your transmission fluid filter after the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) of driving and every
25,000 miles (40,000 km) or two year thereafter. (See "Maintain your transmission," at right.)

56. Don't forget the PCV valve

The PCV (positive crankcase ventilation) valve is an emissions control device on older cars -- check your
service manual to see if your car has one.The valve recirculates partially burned gases from the engine's
crankcase to the combustion chamber. Important to a properly functioning engine, the valve should be
changed every 30,000 miles (48,000 km) or as specified in your owner's manual. In addition to helping
you get the most from a tank of gasoline, it helps to prevent the buildup of harmful sludge and
corrosion.When replacing your PCV valve, be sure you use the correct one or you may damage your
engine.

57. Heavier is not always better

Use the oil viscosity grade that's recommended in your owner's manual for the temperature range you
expect for the coming season. Lighter grades (lower viscosity, such as SAE 5W-30), often specified for
today's smaller car engines, will deliver easier starts and better engine protection in winter and improved
gas mileage throughout the year, thanks to less internal engine friction. Do not use a heavy grade of oil in
cold winter climes or you will risk damage to your engine.

58. Maintain your transmission

Change automatic transmission fluid and filter after the first 5,000 miles (8,000 km) and after every
25,000 miles (40,000 km) or two years thereafter, or as recommended in your owner's manual. If you use
your vehicle for towing, change the fluid and filter every year. For manual transmissions, change the
lubricant (motor oil or gear oil, depending on the car) after the first 5,000 miles and after every 50,000
(80,000 km) thereafter. Use synthetic motor oil or gear lube for longer transmission life unless the
manufacturer recommends otherwise.

59. Consider adding oil coolers

If you plan to do a lot of towing and your vehicle is not already equipped with coolers, consider having
them added. Aftermarket engine oil and transmission fluid coolers are simple, low-cost addons that
operate on the same principle as your car's radiator. The fluid flows through them, and many small fins
absorb and dissipate heat. Cooler operating temperatures of engine oil and transmission fluid can add
significantly to the life of your engine and transmission.
60. Spark plugs do need changing
The advent of electronic ignition and on-board computers has eliminated the need for regular tune-ups,
but you still need to change your spark plugs. Many manufacturers recommend changing plugs every
30,000 or 40,000 miles (48,000 or 64,000 km) to ensure good fuel mileage and engine performance.
Some new cars come with long-life plugs (sometimes called double platinum plugs) that can last for
100,000 miles (160,000 km). If your car isn't so equipped, make the switch after 30,000 miles. The extra
cost is only a few dollars per spark plug. While you're at it, change your spark plug wires as well. Their
typical life is 50,000 miles (80,000 km). Deteriorated wires can cause those high-tech new spark plugs to
foul.

61. Avoid hose hassles

Check the hoses under your hood every month or two to avoid the hassle of a broken hose while you're on
the road. With the car cool and off, squeeze the hoses. If they are hard or make a crunching sound,
replace them. Ditto if they are extremely soft or sticky.With the car warm but off, examine hoses for
bulges and collapsed sections. If you find any, the hose walls are weak, and it's time to replace the hose.
Never drive with a ruptured coolant hose, or you are liable to overheat the engine and damage it. Other
hoses are crucial to operation of your power brakes and cruise-control systems.

62. Test drive-belt tension

Check the tension and condition of your drive belt (or, with many cars, multiple belts) every month. Belts
that are too tight can wear out the bearings in accessory components, such as AC compressor, water
pump, and power-steering pump. Belts that are too loose will wear out faster and may fail prematurely.
Perform your examination before you start the car to avoid injury due to a hot belt or moving engine part.
Check for tension by pressing in the center of the belt's longest exposed run while holding a ruler next to
it. If you can depress the belt 1/ 2 to 1 inch (13 to 25 mm), but not more or less, the tension is good. If
not, adjust the belt tension yourself according to your car's service manual, or have your dealer or auto
repair service do it. Also check for belt damage, such as glazing (often due to oil leakage), fraying, and
cracks. If you spot damage, have the belt checked by a pro and replaced if necessary.

63. Don't forget the timing belt

On many cars, it's the belt you can't see that is the most critical. If your manual says, as many do, that
you should replace the timing belt at 50,000 miiles, do it! A failed timing belt can, depending on engine
type, cause thousands of dollars worth of damage to your engine.

64. Clean your engine

There are several reasons to wash your engine at least every year or two. A clean engine will run cooler
than a dirty one. You'll be more apt to tackle routine belt and hose checks and the like if you know you
won't get covered with grime every time you do so. A clean engine will also make it much easier to spot
leaks and to service components. Remember to protect sensitive engine components -- including the air
intake, distributor, and electrical parts -- with plastic bags before getting started. Use dishwashing liquid
or other grease-cutting detergents and a bristle brush to scrub engine and components surfaces. Rinse
thoroughly. Heavy-duty engine cleaning products are available at automotive parts stores. Follow the
directions carefully.You may also have your engine professionally steam cleaned.

AC, Car Battery and More

65. Run your AC in winter

To keep your car's air-conditioning system fit for the next warm season, run it a few times throughout the
winter. This will prevent moving parts in the compressor from seizing. Also, circulating the refrigerant will
help keep the seals soft and pliant.

66. Maintain your car's battery

Maybe the manufacturer says your battery is maintenancefree, but don't you believe it! Check your
battery regularly to extend its life and avoid the hassle of being stranded with a dead battery.

 Begin with the simple: keeping your battery clean. A dirty case can actually cause current to
drain.Wipe with a damp rag. Use a mild detergent if necessary.
  Next, clean the battery posts or terminals. Loosen and remove the negative cable (black or minus
sign) first, then the red positive cable. Use a brass wire battery brush dipped in a paste made from
a few tablespoons of baking soda and a little water.
 Inspect the battery case for damage, such as cracks or bulges -- signs that a battery needs to be
replaced.
 Reinstall the cables, positive first, and coat the terminals and clamps with a thin coating of grease
to prevent new corrosion.

67. Some batteries need water

If your battery has vent caps, remove them to check the level of the electrolyte. It should rise 1/2 inch
(13 mm) above the battery's top plates. If it doesn't, use distilled water to raise the level to 1/4 or 3/8
inch (6 or 10 mm) below the bottom of the vent cap. Don't use tap water, as it may contain minerals that
can damage your battery. Mechanics should check your battery as a part of your regularly scheduled
maintenance, but they often skip the procedure. Be sure to ask to have it done.

68. Be kind to your battery

If you inadvertently leave your lights on and drain your battery, take the following precautions to prevent
damage to the battery and the starter when jump-starting your car:

 Don't risk causing the battery to explode. With both cars off, connect a positive cable end to the
positive battery terminal of the dead battery.
 Connect the other positive cable end to the positive terminal of the source battery.
 Connect a negative cable end to the negative terminal of the source battery.
 Attach the remaining negative cable to unpainted metal on the car engine (as far from the dead
battery as possible).
 Wait a few minutes and try to start the disabled car. If it doesn't start, start the source car and
then try starting the dead one again.
 When the car starts, be careful to disconnect the cables in the reverse order.
 If the car still doesn't start, don't keep trying to charge it or you are liable to damage the starter.
Bring the battery to an automotive shop to see if it can be recharged.
 Even if you're successful, ensure a full recharge by hooking up the battery to a charger overnight
or by driving the car for 5 or 10 miles (8 to 16 km).

69. Seal a leaky radiator

Save the high expense of a new radiator by trying to seal a leak with a radiator sealer, such as Alumaseal
from Gold Eagle Co. Available in powder or liquid form, the product circulates in the radiator until it gets to
the hole, where it sets up and fills the hole upon contact with the air. Alumaseal may be used to stop
heater core leaks as well.

70. Dilute your coolant

Your cooling system needs both coolant- antifreeze and water, so don't pour undiluted coolant into your
cooling system. Dilute it with water to the commonly recommended 50-50 ratio. Similarly, don't use
straight water in your system either.The coolant protects against corrosion and freezing.The water ensures
good heat transfer from the coolant to the radiator.

71. Keep your cool

Check the coolant-antifreeze level weekly that shows on the translucent coolant-antifreeze overflow tank.
If low, fill to the maximum fill mark on the tank with a 50-50 solution of coolant-antifreeze and water.
Some coolant manufacturers now sell premixed coolant and water for the motorist who wants a quick and
easy way to top off.
72. Don't forget to flush
Coolant-antifreeze eventually degrades and becomes contaminated. Flush it from your cooling system as
recommended in your manual (typically every two years; every five years for newer coolants). Failing to
do so can damage your radiator, clog your heater core, and cause the thermostat and water pump to fail.

73. Don't mix coolants

Avoid mixing coolants that are different in color. If your coolant is pink, don't add a green formulation to
it. Otherwise, you'll end up with a thick solution that won't do its job. Use only the coolant specified in
your owner's manual.

74. Check power-steering fluid

Check the power-steering fluid once a month with the car warmed up. If the level is low, have the hoses
and pump inspected for leaks. In addition to making your car difficult to steer, low power-steering fluid
will damage the power-steering pump. Be sure to use the powersteering fluid recommended for you car.