INTRODUCTION TO IR REMOTE CONTROL SYSTEM:

In modern electronics, electronics remote control system is well known system. Infrared
remote control kit's available in the market are quite expensive and it some one wishes to
assemble one, their IC's may not he easily available. More over for simple ON-OFF
function such as controlling a lamp or fan we do not need very complex circuit The IR
remote control circuit using photodiode and phototransistor sensor suffer from major
drawback of being affected by ambient light and a very low range The IR remote control
circuit described here can he used for any simple ON-OFT function. This system has
memories application than other remote control system The advantage is that this circuit
is absolutely free form ambient light interference and provides control range of any to
focusing lens. The components use in this system is in so convenient manner that whole
assemble is easier lo built. This reduce complex city of the system.
The advantage of this circuit lies in the fact that it can easily be converted into a
multichannel remote control system. The system comprise two unit transmitter, Receiver
Both transmitter and receiver can be assembled on a general purpose PCB Transmitter
section consist of power supply, on oscillator and in output stage including IR LEDS in
the transmitter section IC 555 is wired as an a stable multivibrator with a Centre
frequency of about 36 KHZ. The transmitter is powered from a GP 22 size gv. Battery.
The receiver uses IR sensor module which is commonly used in colour T.V. for sening IR
Signal from transmitter section. The IR signal from the transmitter sensed by sensor and
it's output at pin and gocs low which is in turn switch on transistor T (BC 557)
consequently capacitors start charging through resister R5, when voltage across capacitor
C8 reaches about 3.5V IC 2 (Decade counter 4027) receive a clock pulse at pin 14 and it's
output at pin 2 goes high This result in forward biasing of transistor to (he 148) which
energies a really connected at it's collector.
The output of IC 2 (pin 2) is also used for lighting LED, indicating presence of signal for
this circutary 12 v-0-12v 25 mA transformer is used for supplying the power & IC 7805 is
used for 5 v regulation purpose at it's output This regulated 5 v output is given to receiver
section (4017).
CIRCUIT DISCRIPTION
The IR remote control circuit described here can be used for any simple ON-OFF
funclion. The advantage is that this circuit is absolulely free from ambient light
interference and provides control range about 10 metres without the use of any focusing
lens.
DISCRIPTION
Block diagram of the circuit is shown in Figure. Transmitter section consists of a power
supply, an oscillator and an output stage, where as the receiver section comprises power
supply, an infrared detector module ,time delay circuit with noise filter, bistable flip flop
and a output section The complete schematic diagrams of the transmitter and receiver
sections are shown in Figures respectively.
In the transmitter section ICI (555) is wired as a stable multi-vibrator with a center
frequency of about 36 KHz. When switch SI is pressed, the circuit gets energized. Output
of ICI is a square wave. The two infrared LEDS connected at its output transmit IR beams
modulated at the same frequency (36 KHz). the oscillator frequency can be shifted
slightly by adjusting preset VRI.
The receiver uses an infrared sensor module which is commonly used in colour television
for sensing the IR signals from the transmitter section. The Sensor module shown is
figure incorporates a detector diode, an SMD (surface mounted device) IC which consists
of a band pass filter, an amplifier and a demodulator on a small PCB placed inside a small
tin cube enclosure te gel rid of unwanted electromagnetic interference.
When switch S 1 on the transmitter is pressed, the IR LEDS radiate IR beams with a
modulating frequency of 36 KH It may be noted that the IR LEDS are directly driven by
the 555 timer output, and no series current limiting resistor is used with them. This is
because at the high operating frequency, the internal resistance of the battery and the
independence offered by the wires and components leads arc enough to keep the average
LED current within its specifications.
 The IR signal from the transmitter is sensed by the sensor and its output at pin 2 goes low
This in turn switches on transistor T1, consequently capacitor C8 start charging through
register R5 When voltage across capacitor C8 reaches about 3.5 V IC2 receives a clock
pulse at pin 14 and its output at pin 2 goes high. This results in forward basing of
transistor T2, which on conduction energises relay RLI connected at its collector. he
output of IC 2 (pin 2) is also used for lighting LEDI indicating presence of signal.
When no signal is available, output of the sensor module goes high and transistor TI is
switched OFF Now capacitor C8 starts discharging through resistor R6 and voltage across
it gradually decreases to Zero. When another signal arrives after about 300 ms, capacitor
C8 again charges through resistor R5 and pin 14 of IC2 gets another clock pulse. But as
Q2 output of IC2 is connected to its reset pin 15 through diode D4, the output at pin 2
toggles. That is IC2 works as a bistable flip-flop.
If another pulse arrives from the transmitter before a delay of about 300 ms with respect
to previous one. Transistor TI again turns on and voltage across capacitor C8 cannot fall
below 1.5 V. i.e., the V1 value (the maximum input voltage required to sense a logical
low by IC2). Hence, the output of IC2 does not change, as there is no low to high
transition. This feature prevents false triggering due to switch bouncing and other such
reasons. The same resistor capacitor (R5 C8) network provides immunity against IR noise
from other sources this is explained below.
If an unwanted signal with the same modulating frequency as that of the transmitter
happens to arrive at the sensor its output will go low and IC2 would have charged its
output state. But, fortunately, the noise signals are of very short duration, and hence they
cannot interfere with the circuit. Because, within this short time period capacitor C8
cannot charge to a voltage equal to Vh value (ie, the R5, and so these noise pulses do not
have any effect on the circuit. However sustained noise with modulating frequency equal
to that of the transmitter wil, of course, change the output. But the chances of the same
happening are very remote.
COMPONENT STUDY
(A) DIODE
A PN junction is know as as semiconductor dioce or crystal diode.

The property of a crystal diode is to conduct to current in one direction only A crystal
diode can be represented by a symbol shown in figure The arrow in the symbol indicate
the direction of conventional current flow a crystal diode. It has two terminal anode and
cathode. If anode of diode is positive w.r. to cathode the diode is forward bias. If anode of
diode is negative w.r to cathode diode is set to be under reverse bias condition.

B) LED

The LED is a PN junction device which emits distant when a current passes through in
the forward direction (ie. when LED is forward bias). The charge carrier recombination
occurs at a PN junction as electrons cross from N side and recombines with holes on the P
side. When recombination takes place the charge carrier give up energy in the form of
heat and light. If the semi conducting material is translucent, the light is emitted and
junction becomes the source of light.
C) INFRARED EMITTED

If the PN junction results from a diffusion in Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) transient energy is
infrared with a typical peak of 9000 A. This ideally matches the response of silicon
photodiodes and phototransistors.

( D) DECADECOUNTER IC 4017
CD4017BC is a 5 stage divide by 10 johnson counter with 10 decoded outputs and a carry
out bit. This counter is cleared to these zero count, by a logical "1 on their reset line.
These counters are advanced on thae positive edge of the clock signal when the clock
enable signal is in the logical ‘0’state.
The configuration of the CD4017BC permits medium speed operation and assures a
hazard free counting sequence. The 10/8 decoded outputs are normally in the logical "
state and go to the logical " state only at their respective time slot. Each decoded output
remains high for 1 full clock cycle. The carryout signal completes a full cycle for every
10/8 clock input cycles and is used as a ripple carry signal to any succeeding stages
FEATURES

 Wide supply voltage range 3.0 V to 15 V

 High noise immunity 0.45 VDD (typ.)

 Medium speed operation 5.0 MHz (typ.) with 10 V VDD

 Low power 10 u W (typ.)

APPLICATION

 Automative
 Instrumental
 Medical electronics
 Alarm system
 Industrial electronic
 Remote metering
E) IR sensor
The receiver uses an infrared sensor module which is commonly used in
colour television for sensing the IR signals from the transmitter section. The sensor
module shown in Figure incorporates a detector diode, an SMD (surface mounted
device ) IC which consists of a band pass filter, an amplifier and a demodulator on
a small PCB placed inside n small tin cube enclosure to get rid of unwanted
electromagnetic interference.

Photodiodes and phototransistors are often used as the sensing elements at the
receiver end of an optodata transfer system. such as a light-beam switch or alarm or
remote control system, etc., in which data is sent to the receiver via an opto carrier
wave.

In such applications, to signal reaching the photosensor may at some times be very
weak and at other times very strong. Also, the sensor may be subjected to a great
deal of noise in the form of unwanted light (visible or invisible) signals, etc. Top
help minimize these problems, the link is usually operated in the infrared range, and
 the opto sensor output is passed to processing circuitry, viz, a low noise pre
amplifier with a wide dynamic operating range. Figure show typical examples of
such circuits, using photodiode sensors.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES ADVANTAGES

ADVANTAGE
i)The circuit is absolutely free from ambient light.
ii) It's provide control range at about 10 meter
iii)It is a cheaper
iv) It is not a complex circuit.
v) The component's are easily available in the market
vi) It can easily be converted into a multi channel remote control system
vii)Noise pulse do not have any effect on the circuit
DISADVANTAGES
i) IR LED are costly TR sensor is costly.
ii) This circuit only work as an ON-OFf another circuit.