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Design and research of intelligent wiper for automobile

Yuping Chen
Jiangsu Wuxi Institute of Transportations ˂ Communications
WuXi, China
e-mail:307269161@QQ.com

Abstract—based on the principle of light intensity change (1) transmitting tube: the transmitting tube adopts
puts forward a new type of car infrared rain sensor design, SFH421 produced by Siemens as the light source. The
by infrared rain sensor perception rainfall size, make the
peak wavelength is 880 nm, and the bandwidth O <80
wiper intelligently work state in high or low speed, to replace
the traditional mechanical structure of the wiper. Based on nm. It has high linearity, high reliability and high pulse
the single-chip microcomputer, the software and hardware processing capability. Four groups and two groups are
design of raindrop sensor is completed. The design conforms used in parallel, driven by a 555 timer and emitting
to the principle of humanization and can deal with various infrared light with a frequency of 38 kHz. Working at 38
unexpected situations, which has a good application prospect. kHz frequency, this method can reduce the power
consumption of transmitting circuit.
Keywords- raindrop sensor; Single chip microcomputer;
wiper
(2) the multivibrator composed of 555 timer: at the heart
of the transmitter is oscillator, multivibrator is a kind of
1 Introduciton self-excited oscillation circuit, the circuit is in after
According to statistics, rainy day driving with 7% of turning on the power supply without external trigger
the world's accident was caused by the driver manual signal can produce a certain frequency and amplitude of
wiper, so now more installed in car rain sensors in order to rectangular or square wave pulse. Can be made of
increase the initiative and passive safety of driving. As the integrated circuit of inverter, nand gate, no steady state
information source of automotive electronic control system, circuit, 555 timer, etc. Among them the 555 timer of
automobile sensor is the key component of automotive oscillation of the system is easy to start up, its output
electronic control system and one of the core contents of power is larger, the commonly used of the launch system,
automotive electronic technology research. In the research its principle diagram is shown in figure 1:
of automobile wiper, intelligent raindrop sensor naturally
becomes an important part of intelligent wiper system.
Intelligent sensor is high-grade sensor with intelligent
functions, with functions of detection, information
processing, automatic error compensation, high precision,
large coverage range, good stability, large output signal
anti-jamming, high signal-to-noise ratio, the transmission
performance is good, the signal can be transmitted over a
long distance, sometimes with a self-check function. The
adoption of automatic wiper control system based on
raindrop induction can save the driver from the trouble of
manual operation of wiper and effectively improve the
Figure 1 555 principle diagram of timer
safety of driving in rainy days.
In figure 1, the comparative voltages of & 1 and& 2 are
2 Hardware composition and module introduction 2 9 cc and 1 9 cc respectively. After turning on the power
The raindrop sensor of wiper consists of two 3 3
modules, transmitting module and receiving module. The supply, the capacitance Y is charging, when up Y c ,
c
main chip in the motor part is the four-bus buffer gate
2Y
74LS125. c c, triggers are reset, at the same time discharge BJT
3
2.1 Transmitting module T conduction, the v as the low level, discharge,
Launch module is its main function is to provide capacitance C by R and T decreased Y 0 . When Y c drops
enough radiation flux for receiving module, the design of
light source as the infrared, so the launch module by eight to 1 Y c c , the trigger is set again, and Y 0 is flipped to a
3
infrared emitter and a 555 timer and resistance high level. Capacitor C discharge time required is:
capacitance component composition. The eight infrared
t PL ( R2 C ln 2) | 0.7 R2 C (1)
transmitters are four in a group, two in parallel, driven by
a 555 timer.


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When the discharge of C ends, T stops. Y c c will charge two are connected in series, and f 2 > f 1 , its passband is
the capacitor C through5 1 and5 2 . The time required for the covering part of the above two frequency bands, that is,
f 2 - f 1 , and becomes a bandpass filter. The resistance R
Y c to rise from v 1 Y c c to 2 Y c c is: and capacitance C at the input end form a low power
3 3 circuit, while the other capacitance C and resistance R
t PH ( R1  R2 )C ln 2 | 0.7( R1  R2 )C (2) form a high pass circuit, which are connected in series to
WhenY c goes up to 2 Y c c , the trigger flipped again, so the same phase input end of the integrated operational
3 amplifier.
the cycle, get on the output side on a periodic square wave, For the sake of convenience of estimation, 5 2 =2R and
the frequency is:
1 1.43 (3) 5 3 =R are set as, at this point, the voltage amplification
f |
t PL  t PH ( R1  2 R2 )C factor of the bandpass filter can be obtained:
DŽ
Aup
(4)
Auo
In this paper, we design the launch of a module is Au
f f f f
(3  Auo )  j (  0) 1  jq (  0 )
composed of 555 timer multivibrator, the values of 5 1 ǃ f0 f f0 f 

5 2 and C are calculated by equations (1), (2) and (3), the In this design, the center frequency is 38kHz and the
bandwidth is 100Hz, so Q is 380. The capacity of C is not
555 circuit generates a pulse wave with a frequency of 38
easily exceeded . Because the capacitors with large
kHz, which drives the infrared transmitter to operate at 38
capacity are large in volume and high in price, they should
kHz. Due to the high sensitivity of the comparator within
be avoided as much as possible. According to equation
555 and the use of differential circuit, its oscillation
C=0.1 PF , 1K:  R  1M: and according to the following
frequency is little affected by voltage and temperature
changes. Therefore, the change of power voltage has formula:
negligible effect on the transmitting frequency. But the 1 1 (5)
f0 38KHz
impact on the infrared emission intensity of is not allow to 2π RC 2π R u 0.1 u 10 6 
ignore, must adopt measures to improve the stability of Calculate R=41.9 : . And then we're going to solve for
emission intensity, method is to adopt constant current and based on Q , whenI f 0  Q 1 = 380,
source technology or narrow pulse emission measures, 3  Auo
can make the infrared radiation intensity remains so Auo 2.997 ,According to the relationship with $ XR ǃ
unchanged. The constant current source technology is
adopted in this design. ǃ  integrated op-amp symmetry conditions of two
input resistance, available:
2.2 Receiving module 1 + Rf Auo 2.997  R1 // R f R  R  R 3R (6)
the receiving module consists of an infrared receiving R1
tube, a band pass filter, a frequency divider and a 51
microcontroller. Solution: R 1 =188.7Ω,R f =376.8Ω
(1) infrared receiving tube, Siemens SFH320, NPN silicon
photoelectric triode. The peak wavelength is 880 nm,
which is characterized by high linearity and high
reliability. After changing the received infrared ray pulse
signal into an electrical pulse signal, it is fed into the
bandpass filter.
(2) band-pass filter, which only allows the signal in a
certain band to pass, but blocks the signal outside this
band. It is often used in anti-interference equipment to
receive effective signals within a certain frequency band
and eliminate interference and noise in high frequency
band and low frequency band. A band pass filter circuit
can be obtained by connecting a low pass filter with a
high pass filter. The schematic diagram is shown in figure
2.
In figure 2, the passband cutoff frequency of the low-
pass filter is f 2 , that is, the low-pass filter only allows the
signal of f< f 2 to pass through, the pass band cutoff
frequency of the high pass filter is f 1 , that is, it only
allows the signal of f> f 1 to pass through. Now, when the


 3 Software and hardware design of intelligent wiper
3.1 Structure block diagram of intelligent wiper
start
The intelligent wiper system consists of single chip
microcomputer, dc motor, raindrop sensor and wiper. The
Microcontroller
system structure diagram of the intelligent wiper is shown
in figure 3. Set timer

51 single chip Wiper motor

The N
Figure 3 Smart wiper system structure diagram number
Y
3.2 hardware design of raindrop sensor No rain Light
N
The raindrop sensor part, which consists of a 555 P0=0 rain P
timer thanks to the oscillator, drives the infrared Y
transmitter tube, which is then received by the receiver Count Open the
tube, thus forming a photoelectric sensor. The signal of
the photoelectric sensor is limited to about 38KHz by the
band pass filter, and then 128 minutes by the frequency
divider, so that the pulse signal becomes the order of
milliseconds. The hardware diagram of such composition
is shown in figure 4:
Figure 4 Flow chart of raindrop sensor
(1) hardware design of motor control
P0.0, P0.1, P0.3 and P0.4 of the P0 port of 80c51
microcontroller are respectively controlled by four 3.3 Software design of raindrop sensor
photoelectric isolators and four high-power field effect Because the center of the pulse frequency is 38 KHZ,
switching tubes IRF640 through four bus buffer gate approximately 300HZ, after 128 points frequency cycle is
74LS125 and reverse drive 74LS04.Below illustrates the 3PV, so the timing for selected 60PV, in this time period
control process of the circuit of A motor, when the can receive up to 20 pulse, resulting in the pulse of the
microcontroller via P0 interface output 12 h control model, distribution of many of the great rain, the resulting rain
because the three states in latch 74 ls125 1 door is open, sensor flow chart shown in figure 5, 60ms timer flow
so optoelectronic isolator LEI conduction and shine light diagram as shown in figure 5:
activated triode output for the high level, thus making
high power field effect switch tube IRF640 (v1)
conduction. Similarly, tristate gate 4 in 74LS125 outputs a
high level, so the photoelectric isolator LEI glows and
directs, thereby enabling v4 to pass. And similarly
analytically, v2 and v3 are off. Therefore, the current
flows from left to right through the dc motor, making the
motor turn forward. When the output of P0 interface is
09H, the tri-state gate 2,3 in the latch 74LS125 opens,
allowing v2 and v3 to be connected, v1 and v4 to be
switched off, and the current flows through the motor
from right to left, causing the motor to reverse. SA0 is the
left position switch of the motor. When SA0 is set to 1,
the forward code is output. SA1 is the right position
switch of the motor. When SA1 is set to one, the reverse Figure 5 60ms timer flow chart
code is output. The motor reset end is the left position
switch of each motor.
3.4 Main program flow chart design of intelligent
wiper
In the intelligent wiper system, there are many
nonlinear factors that affect the synchronization of wiper.
In this way, we need human experience to adjust the duty
ratio of PWM signal to make two wipers swing
synchronously. Therefore, applying the fuzzy control
technology to the synchronous control of wiper can make


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