Turkey Sample Report PDF

THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY IN TURKEY
JULY 2015
CONTENTS PAGE
INTRODUCTION 1
SUMMARY OF MARKET ANALYSES 3
POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY 17
GEOGRAPHY 20
ECONOMIC BACKGROUND 22
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY 23
MINING AND QUARRYING 25
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY 26
EQUIPMENT ANALYSES PAGE

• ASPHALT FINISHERS 30 • MINI EXCAVATORS 80
• BACKHOE LOADERS 35 • MOBILE COMPRESSORS 89
• COMPACTION EQUIPMENT 44 • MOBILE CRANES 94
• CRAWLER DOZERS 54 • MOTOR GRADERS 104
• CRAWLER LOADERS 58 • ROUGH TERRAIN LIFT TRUCKS 108
• DUMP TRUCKS 61 • SKID-STEER LOADERS 118
• HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS 65 • WHEELED LOADERS 124
MANUFACTURER PROFILES PAGE

• ÇUKUROVA 134 • PI MAKINA 147
• HIDROMEK 137 • SANKO MAKINA SANAYI 148
DISTRIBUTOR PROFILES
• ASCENDUM 153 • KARUN 177
• ATLAS COPCO 155 • KARYER 180
• BORUSAN MAKINA 156 • LIEBHERR TURKEY 182
• CERMAK 158 • ÖZMAK 183
• ÇUKUROVA ZIRAAT 160 • SANKO MAKINA 185
• DAS OTO 162 • SIF JCB 187
• ENKA 164 • TEMSA 189
• HAMAMCIOGLU 167 • TSM GLOBAL 191
• HASEL 169 • TÜRKTRAKTÖR 193
• HCS 171 • UYGUNLAR 195
• HMF 172 • WACKER NEUSON 196
• INAN MAKINA 174 • WIRTGEN ANKARA 198
• KALE 175
© Off-Highway Research. Contents confidential to the Client.

THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY IN TURKEY
JULY 2015
INTRODUCTION
This report on the construction equipment industry in Turkey is one of a series on the subject
produced by Off-Highway Research. The market has expanded rapidly during the last 10 years,
underpinned by robust economic growth and wide scale government investment in infrastructure
construction. The last study by Off-Highway Research on Turkey was published in 2012, at
which point the market had soared to then record levels having recovered from the impact of the
global economic crisis. Since then, demand for new machinery has risen strongly once again,
establishing a new record volume of sales in 2013, and witnessing four consecutive years of sales
in excess of 10,000 units.
The aim of this report is to present a concise overview of the development of the various
construction equipment sectors in Turkey since 2010, assessing the major changes which have
taken place, and those which are likely to occur by the year 2019.
Apart from basic foreign trade statistics and data on the output and domestic sales of agricultural
tractors, there is no other published analytical information on the subject. The official
government figures are too general or simply not done, and so are of little value in analysing the
subject.
The industry is represented by the trade association, IMDER, founded in 2002, whose members
constitute some 93 per cent of companies in the sector and include all the major machinery
distributors and manufacturers. IMDER also organises a confidential exchange of market data.
The findings in this report are based on an in-depth field research programme conducted in
Turkey in March and April 2015. This covered all manufacturers of any significance, the major
importers of construction equipment, government departments, trade associations and the trade
press. Off-Highway Research would like to record its deep appreciation to all those who assisted
in the compilation of this report.
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The report follows the usual format of a typical Multi-Client Study from Off-Highway Research,
which has been developed with an emphasis on clarity. The coverage is organised as follows:
1. The first section includes important topics of a general background nature, such as the
political and economic history, current economic activity including construction and
prospects for both that industry and the general economy. The conclusions apply to all the
product areas and are therefore not repeated in each analysis.
2. The second section covers 14 construction equipment sectors. For each category the
following information is given:
− Market Size and Trends, 2010-2014

− Domestic Production, 2010-2014
− Market Shares, 2014
− Population of Machines and End-Users, 2015
− Sales Forecast, 2015-2019
− Machines Available in Turkey, 2015
3. The final section gives comprehensive profiles of the leading manufacturers and importers of
construction equipment, with details given under the following headings:
• Address • Product Range • Distribution and Service

• History and Structure • Manufacturing Facilities • Domestic Sales
• Turnover • Production • Exports
• Personnel • Component Sourcing • Future Developments
Rates of Exchange
Table 1. Turkey: Exchange Rates, 2015

(Turkish Lira Per Unit of Currency)
$US 2.72
£UK 4.21
€ 3.05
¥100 2.20
Source: www.xe.com
2
In 2005 the government introduced a new ‘heavy’ Turkish Lira. This is worth one million of the
old Lira and thus rids prices of six zeroes. In the transitional period between 1st January 2005
and 31st December 2008, the second Turkish lira was officially called Yeni Türk lirası (New
Turkish lira). It was officially abbreviated “YTL” and subdivided into 100 new kuruş (yeni
kuruş). With effect from 1st January 2009, the “new” was removed from the second Turkish
Lira, its official name becoming just “Turkish lira” again, abbreviated “TL”.
SUMMARY OF MARKET ANALYSES
This section summarises the statistics and trends of the 14 product lines to be found in the
individual Equipment Analyses which follow.
Sales
Following a period of improved economic and political stability a sustained recovery in the sales
of new construction equipment took place during 2006-2007, resulting in unprecedented levels of
growth. In 2007 demand reached its then highest recorded level of nearly 12,000 units, equating
to a four-fold increase within five years. The market was stimulated by considerable government
investment in the construction industry, particularly the house building and energy sectors, and
by contractors’ finally committing to previously delayed investments in new machinery.
During the first half of 2008, however, the onset of political uncertainty surrounding Turkey’s
governing party, the AKP, a dramatic rise in the rate of VAT applied to leasing transactions at
the beginning of the year, and a sharp decline in Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) combined to
effect a significant decline in demand, and volumes in most product sectors fell by 40-50 per
cent. The onset of the global financial crisis towards the end of 2008 merely accentuated the
problem, and in 2009 demand fell by a further 32 per cent to reach its lowest level since 2003, at
just 4,300 units.
The first shoots of recovery emerged in the last quarter of 2009 and, following strong growth in
the domestic economy coupled with the instigation of many infrastructure projects, the market
posted robust growth of 83 per cent in 2010. This development continued in 2011 underpinned
by a buoyant construction sector, and by the end of the year sales had risen by a further 41 per
cent to exceed 11,000 units once more.
Since then, further record sales figures have been set in 2012 and then again in 2013; indeed, the
market has all but trebled since the recent trough of 2009. The process and benefits of
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mechanisation in the construction sector have been fully embraced and understood, and the
conditions for this enthusiasm to be exploited have been created by further high levels of public
sector investment in major infrastructure projects and housebuilding. The market contrived to
fall by some 16 per cent in 2014, prompting a degree of concern about a return to the sector’s
historical tendency to volatility. However, the fact remains that, even in the midst of significant
regional upheaval as well as domestic political and economic uncertainty, the market stayed
above 10,000 units for the fourth consecutive year. With plenty more construction related work
yet to be done to fulfil the country’s self-proclaimed goals, and a clear appetite for machinery to
play a key role in delivering these goals, it is to be hoped such violent fluctuations will soon be a
thing of the past.
Table 2. Turkey: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Asphalt Finishers 55 99 174 140 74
Backhoe Loaders 2,435 3,195 4,336 4,065 3,294
Compaction Equipment* 600 966 800 741 565
Crawler Dozers 84 101 99 95 125
Crawler Excavators 2,120 3,043 3,474 3,948 3,019
Crawler Loaders 12 19 8 7 7
Dump Trucks 29 96 19 23 74
Mini Excavators 180 278 576 610 747
Mobile Compressors 300 350 250 220 190
Mobile Cranes 60 75 49 149 85
Motor Graders 190 309 259 244 244
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks 155 326 298 413 538
Skid-Steer Loaders 259 367 327 293 284
Wheeled Excavators 197 286 260 235 230
Wheeled Loaders 1,176 1,545 1,255 1,364 1,134
Total Construction Equipment 7,852 11,055 12,184 12,547 10,610
* Ride-on types only

Source: Off-Highway Research
Asphalt Finishers: The release of government funds for new road construction in 2011 and
2012 saw strong growth, although a significant proportion of sales at the time were made to
Turkish contractors with work in Iraq, Afghanistan, Ukraine and other countries. The market for
new pavers in Turkey has fallen since then, but the five year average remains above 100 units.
Backhoe Loaders: This remains the single largest volume sector in the Turkish construction
equipment market, accounting for some 30 per cent of overall demand. Yet combined sales of
hydraulic excavators (crawler and wheeled models) have exceeded those of backhoes in two of
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the past four years, indicating a degree of maturity and perhaps even saturation. Sales, though,
remain at very high levels sustained by the vast number of owner-operators who constitute the
main end-user sector for the product. The assumption of an increasing threat from mini
excavators remains widely shared, but evidence of a transition on the ground is as yet scarce.
Most machines are now rated around 100 horsepower, with buyers placing emphasis on
versatility by adding forks and using hammers.
Compaction Equipment: Demand is dependent on government spending on road building

programmes and can therefore vary dramatically from year to year. Strong economic growth and
the instigation of wide ranging construction projects in 2011 has led to an unprecedented level of
growth in the compaction equipment sector with sales surging by over 60 per cent. The next two
years remained strong, but the sector suffered more than most last year as public sector
investment slowed notably.
Crawler Dozers: Demand for crawler dozers has essentially remained stable at around 100 units
annually due to the on-going requirement for road and railway construction, and for the removal
of overburden in the coal mining sector and, to a lesser extent, in copper, gold and silver mines.
The predominant size of dozer sold in Turkey is of 310 or 350 horsepower, which is the class of
machine most frequently specified by the coal mining industry and by contractors working on
highway or dam construction. There is also some, perhaps growing, demand for 250 horsepower
dozers for use on smaller road construction and maintenance projects, or for layering of
overburden.
Crawler Loaders: A niche product with demand essentially limited to the steel industry for slag
collection and disposal, or the municipalities for use on refuse tips. The private sector has
abandoned it in favour of the more versatile crawler excavator.
Dump Trucks: The use of articulated dump trucks in quarrying or civil engineering applications
has failed to develop, as potential users prefer the on/off-highway truck which costs around a
quarter of the price of an articulated dump truck. Demand averages 10-15 units, predominantly
30 tonne capacity trucks, and comes from the large marble quarries; occasional peaks reflect
sales to single, big projects. The market for rigid dump trucks has effectively disappeared, as
both the quarrying and marble mining sectors favour on/off-highway trucks, such as those built
by Astra and Iveco, due to cheaper purchasing and maintenance costs.
Hydraulic Excavators: Crawler excavators have been one of the major beneficiaries of the
boom in construction equipment sales. In 2007 the market reached its highest recorded level of
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nearly 3,500 units, well over double the volume just three years earlier, and it recovered strongly
once again to set a new record of nearly 4,000 units in 2013, almost usurping the number one
position long held by the backhoe loader. The most popular sizes are the 30 tonne machine, used
for smaller public works, and the 35 tonne unit which is used extensively in civil engineering
applications. Wheeled excavators have never achieved a significant measure of popularity due to
the preponderance of the backhoe loader. The bulk of sales are now confined to machines from
17-20 tonnes
Mini Excavators: Traditionally mini excavators have struggled to compete with cheap manual
labour and the popularity of the ubiquitous backhoe loader. As a result, volumes sold have been
small and few suppliers put any priority on marketing the product. During the last three years,
however, demand has risen sharply in response to the increasing requirement for smaller
equipment on inner city job sites, and specific demand for use in forestry projects. It is now the
unanimous opinion of suppliers interviewed that the compact equipment sector is set to develop
significantly over the medium to long term.
Mobile Compressors: Demand for mobile compressors is very limited. In Turkey, it is still a
niche product in general building construction and in civil engineering the machines are kept for
many years and reconditioned when necessary.
Mobile Cranes: Demand rose significantly in 2007 and 2008 as a result of the huge increase in
new infrastructure work, energy projects and oil refinery construction. However, long term
stability has proven hard to establish, with considerable fluctuations in demand from year to year
being typical. This is partly due to the major part of the apparent boom of crane demand in
certain years being heavily influenced by the purchases of Turkish contractors operating in
regions such as the CIS, Middle East and North Africa, and is not necessarily a reflection of the
state of the domestic market. The rough terrain crane, which previously constituted
approximately 80 per cent of sales, now has to share prominence with all terrain cranes, which
are bought primarily by crane rental companies and are typically employed on energy related
projects.
Motor Graders: The market has remained at a relatively stable and high level throughout the
period under review. The on-going requirement for new road construction and maintenance of
the existing network has resulted in an abundance of government tender purchases, which in
2011 culminated in the largest volume of sales recorded in the last 15 years. A stable mining
sector, the other important user of graders, has also helped to underpin this demand.
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Rough Terrain Lift Trucks: The market is still very undeveloped in comparison with some
European markets. It now appears that there will never be any market for masted machines,
although the telescopic variety has shown some growth during the last two years, and there are
promising signs for future developments of this sector.
Skid-Steer Loaders: In spite of a fall in sales in the past two years, the market has grown since
2010, albeit not at the same pace as other compact equipment product sectors, most notably mini
excavators. The introduction of stricter legislation relating to manual labour, together with
increasingly tight restrictions on the use of large equipment on inner city job sites, have
stimulated growing interest in smaller machines and the leading suppliers have begun to focus
more closely on exploiting the product’s potential. The amalgamation of smaller farms into
bigger enterprises also offers the potential for growing interest in the product from the
agricultural sector.
Wheeled Loaders: The market began to recover strongly in 2010 in response to buoyant
economic conditions and widespread investment in the construction sector. Demand for wheeled
loaders in the important quarry sector also rose significantly in response to increasing exports of
marble to China, and by the end of 2011 the market had reached its highest recorded level of over
1,500 units. Even though this level has not been maintained since, demand has remained
comfortably above the historically high threshold of 1,000 units. The distribution of sizes is
strongly in favour of larger machines. The biggest selling category is the 180-240 horsepower
class, whilst machines of 300 horsepower and above are also popular with the larger marble
quarries.
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Sales by Manufacturer
Table 3. Turkey: Suppliers of Construction Equipment and Their Sales, 2014

(Units)
Asphalt Backhoe Compaction Crawler Dozers Dump Hydraulic Mini Mobile Mobile Motor Skid-Steer Telescopic Wheeled
Finishers Loaders Equipment & Loaders Trucks Excavators Excavators Compressors Cranes Graders Loaders Handlers Loaders
Ammann - - 41 - - - - - - - - - -
Astra - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Atlas Copco 6 - 65 - - - - 130 - - - - -
Bell - - - - 2 - - - - - - - -
Bobcat - - - - - 3 20 - - - 75 20 -
Bomag 3 - 225 - - - - - - - - - -
Case - 19 - - - 14 - - - - 8 1 8
Caterpillar 2 277 45 89 6 448 47 - - 108 65 14 242
Çukurova - 82 - - - 2 - - - - - - 10
Dieci - - - - - - - - - - - 13 -
Doosan - - - - - 188 8 25 - - - - 41
Gehl - - - - - - - - - - 41 -
Genie - - - - - - - - - - - 30 -
Grove - - - - - - - - 15 - - - -
Hamm - - 113 - - - - - - - - - -
Hidromek - 1,284 - - - 665 - - - - - - -
Hitachi - - - - - 523 53 - - - - - 32
Hitachi-Sumitomo - - - - - - - - 10 - - - -
Hyundai - - - - - 399 35 - - - 15 - 39
IHIMER - - - - - - 45 - - - 7 - -
Ingersoll-Rand - - - - - - - - - - - - -
JCB - 1,003 23 - - 93 13 - - - 36 150 18
Kato - - - - - 2 - - - - - - -
Kawasaki - - - - - - - - - - - - 158
Kobelco - - - - - 24 - - 1 - - - -
Komatsu - 18 - 40 3 237 8 - - 56 3 - 179
Kubota - - - - - 20 191 - - - - - -
Liebherr - - - 3 - 61 - 10 - - - 25
LiuGong - 2 6 - - 37 13 - - 20 5 - 45
(continued)
8
Table 3. Turkey: Suppliers of Construction Equipment and Their Sales, 2014 (continued)
(Units)
Asphalt Backhoe Compaction Crawler Dozers Dump Hydraulic Mini Mobile Mobile Motor Skid-Steer Telescopic Wheeled
Finishers Loaders Equipment & Loaders Trucks Excavators Excavators Compressors Cranes Graders Loaders Handlers Loaders
Lonking - - - - - - - - - - - - 35
Manitou - - - - - - - - - - - 211 -
Mecalac - - - - - 5 - - - - - - -
Merlo - - - - - - - - - - - 15 -
MST - 428 - - - - - - - - - 78 -
Mustang - - - - - - - - - - 3 -
New Holland - 34 - - - 14 1 - - - 14 3 4
Sany - - - - - - - - 17 - - -
Sumitomo - - - - - 158 - - - - - - -
Takeuchi - - - - - 19 145 - - - - - -
Tadano - - - - - - - - 1 - - - -
Terex - 24 - - - - - - 25 - - - -
Vögele 61 - - - - - - - - - - - -
Volvo 2 123 18 - 63 289 23 - - 45 - - 200
Wacker Neuson - - 18 - - 13 104 - - - 12 3 10
XCMG - - 2 - - 34 12 - 3 15 - - 88
Yanmar - - - - - - 29 - - - - - -
Zoomlion - - - - - 1 - - 3 - - - -
Others - - - - - - - 35 - - - - -
Total 74 3,294 565 132 74 3,249 747 190 85 244 284 538 1,134
Source: Company Information
9
Production
There are four profiles of manufacturers of construction equipment, one of which is currently
inactive, in the penultimate section of this report. Most significantly, three builders of backhoe
loaders have wholeheartedly taken on the challenge of making machines good enough to
compete with sophisticated West European imports, while production of hydraulic excavators, in
particular crawler models, has become an important factor in domestic production.
Table 4. Turkey: Production of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units %
Backhoe Loaders 3,223 77
Crawler Excavators 736 17
Telescopic Handlers 150 4
Wheeled Excavators 60 1
Wheeled Loaders 40 1
Total Construction Equipment 4,209 100
Backhoe Loaders: Production has remained above 3,000 units as the domestic market has
boomed, even if last year’s total output represents a decline of more than 25 per cent compared to
2013. Hidromek remains the largest manufacturer by some margin, although SANKO Makina,
the owner of MST, has increased volumes substantially at its new plant in Gaziantep in the last
two years. The third manufacturer is Çukurova, which produces a four model range of rigid
backhoe loaders in two and four wheel steer configuration.
Hydraulic Excavators: Hidromek began production of hydraulic excavators in 2004 and

currently manufactures four crawler and two wheeled excavator models; the launch of a new,
larger model of crawler excavator is imminent. Volumes have remained high in the last three
years in response to the company’s prominent domestic market share. In 2008 Çukurova also
began manufacturing one 23 tonne model of crawler excavator at its Çumitas plant, near Adana.
Production of Liebherr hydraulic excavators at the company’s Çimsataş facility was halted in
2007.
Wheeled Loaders: Production is currently confined to Çukurova which assembles three

articulated models at its Çumitas plant. However, Hidromek has revealed a prototype wheeled
loader, along with plans for a full range of models, and production could start as early as 2016.
10
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks: SANKO Makina displayed a two model range of telescopic
handlers at the 2007 Bauma exhibition in Munich, and began production at its Gaziantep factory
in 2008. The product line now comprises seven models which, in common with the backhoe
loader range, are sold under the MST brand name.
Compaction Equipment: Some small producers of light equipment continue to gain a living, as
they can make products such as tampers and vibrating plates from imported components and
local steel at very low prices. Production of ride-on compactors is confined to Palme, based in
Ankara, which manufactures a 2.8 tonne tandem roller.
Mobile Cranes: There is a small number of domestic manufacturers of truck-mounted cranes,

catering exclusively to local demand. The majority of these machines are truck-mounted
knuckle-boom models, though some suppliers also now produce telescopic units.
Population
Table 5. Turkey: Population of Construction Equipment by Type, 2015
Units
Asphalt Finishers 700
Backhoe Loaders 33,000
Compaction Equipment* 9,000
Crawler Dozers 3,000
Crawler Excavators 22,000
Crawler Loaders 500
Dump Trucks 1,300
Mini Excavators 2,400
Mobile Compressors 8,000
Mobile Cranes 1,750
Motor Graders 4,500
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks 2,100
Skid-Steer Loaders 1,500
Wheeled Excavators 1,800
Wheeled Loaders 7,500
Total Construction Equipment 99,050

In line with the expansion of the total construction machinery market over the past three years,
the total population of active machines has also grown strongly. According to estimates made by
Off-Highway Research, the total population is now just short of 100,000 units, an increase of
36 per cent since the last report. The biggest gains in absolute terms have been in the two most
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popular market: backhoe loaders and crawler excavators. Proportionately, however, the fastest
growth has been in the population of mini excavators, which has risen nearly five-fold.
Asphalt Finishers: The major owners now are road contractors, the remainder of the population
being divided between the municipalities operating small machines and the general contractors.
Backhoe Loaders: The huge volume of sales during recent years has meant that the backhoe
loader population has grown by over a third in the past three years. The average life for a
backhoe loader in Turkey is much longer that in other parts of Europe, about 12 years.
Municipalities still occasionally favour them as all-purpose tools, although the main buyers are
the typical small contractors, often owner-operators.
Compaction Equipment: In the past the main buyers were the state organisations like the
highways and rural services authorities, especially for the large machines. These also went in
large numbers to the State Hydraulic Works for dams and irrigation canals. Now the contractors
have come to the fore.
Crawler Dozers: Approximately 3,000 crawler dozers are active in Turkey, if one assumes that
many of the machines bought by the government in the middle of the 1980s are still in operation.
Since 1990 nearly all the new machines purchased have gone to the private sector, which tends to
use them for the duration of a contract and then scrap them.
Crawler Loaders: The population has fallen at a very steep rate. There are now only around
150 machines working which are 10 years old or less (as opposed to 500 in 1998) and an
indefinite number of machines from 10 to 15 years old, with perhaps 500 surviving overall.
Dump Trucks: The population of both rigid and articulated dump trucks is extremely low due
to the preference of the quarrying and mining sectors for much cheaper on/off-highway trucks.
Articulated trucks are used to a very limited extent on large infrastructure projects whilst the state
mining sector is the largest owner of rigid trucks.
Hydraulic Excavators: The population has grown significantly during the last five years as a
result of the construction industry boom. 30-tonne crawler excavators are extremely popular and
end-users range from small sub-contractors to the largest construction companies in Turkey. The
active fleet has almost doubled in the past three years alone, after cumulative sales in this period
exceeded 10,000 units.
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Mini Excavators: What was a very small population due to the comparatively low cost of
manual labour has now grown rapidly to exceed 2,000 units. The machines recently sold are
working in cities on gas pipe installations, other utility work, on small refurbishment projects,
and on fruit farms and in the forestry sector.
Mobile Compressors: Traditionally the largest users by far are the contractors, such as the civil
engineers who need them for drills. The town and village authorities, like the smaller building
firms, use the 3.0 and 5.0 m3/min machines.
Mobile Cranes: Rough terrain cranes have long been the most popular product and still account
for nearly half of the total population. They are primarily owned by contractors operating in both
domestic and foreign markets. All terrain cranes are mostly in the hands of the rental companies
and their growing popularity means they constitute around a quarter of active machines.
Motor Graders: The two biggest owners are the State highways authority and the rural
administrations, for maintenance and snow clearing. Graders also play a role in the road building
and mining sectors.
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks: The population has grown steadily as demand for telescopic
handlers has risen during the last two years. The bulk of machines are to be found in the
construction sector, although there is a growing volume of machines operating within the
agricultural sector. Within the industrial sector sales have been made to specialised applications
like ship building.
Skid-Steer Loaders: General construction and ship trimming constitute the most successful
applications for skid-steer loaders. The population has grown relatively slowly during the last
five years in particular, and the number of active machines is estimated to have risen to 1,500
units.
Wheeled Loaders: They are used mainly in production applications or in heavy civil
engineering tasks such as dam construction. The most significant users are quarries and mines.
Forecast to 2019
Demand for construction equipment was robust in the first half of 2015, as municipalities
released public funds in anticipation of the general elections held in June. The results of that
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election suggest a slower second half to the year, though most suppliers anticipate this meaning
no worse than parity with 2014.
After that, most suppliers are confident that demand will continue to rise in the short to medium
term, albeit after another year of stagnation – at a historically-high level – in 2016, and the
outlook for sales of new construction equipment remains highly favourable.
The outstanding amount of infrastructure projects and energy related construction in Turkey is
enormous, and the requirement for new construction equipment is potentially very large. The
government has pledged to invest up to US$1 trillion dollars in a wide range of major
infrastructure projects over the next eight years, in the lead up to the 100th anniversary in 2023
of the founding of the Turkish Republic. Of particular significance to suppliers of earthmoving
equipment are the proposed $400 billion investment outlined for so-called Urban Transformation
projects, which entail the widespread demolition of old buildings and the modernisation of inner
city areas throughout Turkey, and $368 billion investment in the transportation industry.
Table 6. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Asphalt Finishers 120 150 125 100 140
Backhoe Loaders 3,300 3,100 3,300 3,400 3,200
Compaction Equipment* 650 600 700 750 800
Crawler Dozers 125 90 100 125 140
Crawler Excavators 3,200 3,000 3,200 3,500 3,900
Crawler Loaders 10 7 8 10 15
Dump Trucks 23 17 17 20 23
Mini Excavators 750 900 1,100 1,300 1,500
Mobile Compressors 190 200 200 225 250
Mobile Cranes 80 85 100 110 125
Motor Graders 250 230 260 285 320
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks 550 500 600 700 800
Skid-Steer Loaders 275 275 300 350 400
Wheeled Excavators 230 230 250 260 280
Wheeled Loaders 1,150 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400
Total Construction Equipment 10,903 10,484 11,460 12,435 13,293

The longer term fate of the sector will, however, depend on several factors, most notably a
satisfactory resolution of the Syrian crisis and the Turkish government’s ability to resolve the
country’s budget deficit issues. Failure to contain the latter brings with it the very real possibility
14
that proposed planned construction projects will be postponed or shelved, and that investment
will be withdrawn.
Asphalt Finishers: The planned scale of road building projects is extremely large, though much
will depend on the release of the requisite funding by the government. Furthermore, buoyant
domestic demand will continue to be supplemented by sales of pavers to Turkish contractors
working in the CIS, North Africa and the Middle East.
Backhoe Loaders: The large population of backhoe loaders alone is sufficient to ensure a
buoyant replacement market for the foreseeable future, although in the longer term some
suppliers believe that sales may be impacted to some extent by the growing trend towards
compact equipment.
Compaction Equipment: Demand for asphalt and soil compactors has been extremely healthy
during three of the last four years and is likely to remain so for the foreseeable future. There is a
huge amount of outstanding infrastructure and road building projects to complete over the next
20 years, much of which will require the use of soil and asphalt compactors.
Crawler Dozers: The dozer market is traditionally a stable sector due to regular replacement
demand from the mining industry and road building contractors. The massive programme of
proposed infrastructure projects due to be completed by 2023 should help to sustain dozer sales
at relatively healthy levels for the next five years at least.
Crawler Loaders: Sales will probably be relatively constant over the next five years and the
public sector is unlikely to return to the market.
Dump Trucks: The outlook for both articulated and rigid trucks is not particularly encouraging.
In the case of articulated trucks, even when the construction industry is growing at a rapid rate,
the users buy very few. The on/off-highway truck is still viewed as a more viable alternative and
this situation is unlikely to change in the near future. The market for rigid trucks has
traditionally been very limited and future demand will inevitably remain muted.
Hydraulic Excavators: The outlook for sales of hydraulic excavators remains highly
favourable. A significant working population of machines will ensure high levels of replacement
sales, and the popularity of the concept seems set to see it outstrip the backhoe loader at some
point in the next five years. Most suppliers are confident that demand will continue to rise in the
medium term, after a period of flat sales this year and next.
15
Mini Excavators: There is little doubt that the rising cost of manual labour and increasingly
restrictive legislation governing employment and health and safety issues will continue to create
rising demand for compact equipment. Whilst it is currently difficult to forecast the exact rate of
growth, many suppliers believe that demand is set to double within the next five years.
Mobile Compressors: Although the mobile compressor will continue to fulfil a niche role in the
market, there now seems little prospect of significant future growth despite the highly favourable
outlook for the construction industry. Demand is therefore likely to stabilise at current levels for
the foreseeable future at least.
Mobile Cranes: The outlook for the crane market is extremely optimistic. The huge
requirement in Turkey for energy related construction projects such as wind farms, nuclear and
gas power plants will ensure steady demand for high capacity cranes, in particular, for at least the
next five to six years. On-going infrastructure and petrochemical construction projects in the
CIS, North Africa and the Middle East will also create buoyant demand for new cranes from
Turkish contractors operating in these regions.
Motor Graders: The requirement for infrastructure and highway construction is still massive
and there is huge potential for the next 20 years. Major investment is planned for new transport
systems throughout Turkey and the government has already outlined its priorities for upgrading
the country’s rural road network. As a result, the market for graders is expected to expand
significantly by the end of the forecast period.
Rough Terrain Lift Trucks: There is evidence to suggest that the general construction sector is
finally beginning to appreciate the versatility of the telescopic handler. Although suppliers are
universally optimistic about the future of compact equipment, none of them believe that the
telescopic handler sector will advance at the same rate as that of mini excavators. Nevertheless,
the market should continue to grow as the commitment of suppliers to exploiting its potential is
now clear.
Skid-Steer Loaders: The market is growing, albeit not at the same pace as other mainline
product sectors. The introduction of stricter legislation relating to manual labour, together with
increasingly tight restrictions on the use of large equipment on inner city job sites, have
inevitably stimulated growing interest in smaller machines. In the medium to long term this will
eventually translate to an increase in demand for skid-steer loaders, though the market will likely
still be lower than 400 units by the end of the forecast period.
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Wheeled Loaders: The wheeled loader sector is traditionally more stable than that of other
products since the machines are not used in a wide variety of applications, and demand from the
main end-user sector, the marble quarries, is relatively constant. The long term forecast remains
optimistic, particularly given the proposed level of investment in infrastructure, housing and
energy related projects, and this should translate into a buoyant level of demand during the
forecast period.
POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY
Political Background
Turkey’s history goes back almost 10,000 years. In ancient times it was known as Asia Minor,
the enormous land mass protruding from the depths of Asia into the Eastern Mediterranean
comprising harsh mountain ranges, high plateaus and verdant river valleys. A succession of
mighty kingdoms, ranging from the Hittites to the Byzantines and from the Romans to the
Ottoman Turks, left their mark on what is one of the most historically diverse nations in the
world.
Modern Turkey was built on the ruins of the Ottomans, whose 700 year old empire officially
collapsed on October 30, 1918 after they were defeated by the Allies at the end of World War 1.
Over the past 80 years Turkey has steadily moved from an economically backward and
politically repressive country into a regional powerhouse, whose free market economy and
solidly secular, multi-party democracy serve as a model for its neighbours in former Soviet
Central Asia and in erstwhile protectorates in the Middle East.
The decision by the Allied powers to occupy and partition Turkey after World War 1 eventually
pushed the Turks into action and the ensuing War of Independence resulted in victory for the
nationalist army of Mustafa Kemal, which succeeded in driving the opposing forces out of
Anatolia. The war ended in 1922 and the new republic began life in 1923.
Mustafa Kemal completely remade the country, with a constitution, new legal codes, the Latin
alphabet instead of the Arabic, and civil marriage. He abolished polygamy and the fez, and
removed Islam as the state religion. In 1935 he obliged all Turks to adopt a family name, which
had been optional before that time. He was called Atatürk, or “Father of the Turks” by
Parliament and his precepts continue to influence society to this day. Famously, he moved the
capital to Ankara from Istanbul, at a time when it had only 30,000 inhabitants, compared to the
million and a quarter in Istanbul. He also charged the Army with protecting the constitution and
17
democracy, hence its involvement in the relatively recent past to prevent the Islamist Welfare
Party from pushing Turkey towards becoming a Muslim state.
Indeed, the Turkish military remains one of the most respected institutions in the country and has
played a major role in shaping modern Turkey. It has intervened three times over the past four
decades to rescue the country from political and economic turmoil and is seen as a stabilising
influence in Turkish politics. The army is nominally under the control of the prime minister, but
in practice it is independent of political control.
In 1997 the country was blocked from applying for membership of the EU but in April 1999
elections were held. They brought Mr Ecevit, the man who had ordered the invasion of Cyprus
in 1976, back to power as leader of the social democrats, in alliance with the far-right Nationalist
Action Party (MHP) and the right of centre Motherland Party (ANAP). In December of that year
Turkey at last won the right to begin application for membership of the EU. So far it has
scrapped the death penalty and given greater cultural rights to the Kurds in order to satisfy the
EU, but it still has a way to go on its human rights record.
In November 2002 a very young party, the Islamic Justice and Development Party, AKP, won a
landslide election victory, which made Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, the then Mayor of Istanbul, into
Prime Minister. The only other party to win any seats was the Kemalist CHP or Republican
People’s Party, led by Deniz Baykal. Out of 550 members, 500 lost their seats in that amazing
election.
The AKP Government was barely in office when events in Iraq came to the fore. Parliament did
not give approval for Coalition troops to transit through Turkey. It later agreed to send troops to
Iraq, although Turkey and the USA subsequently agreed that this offer would not be taken up.
Since then, five key issues have dominated the AKP’s political agenda: Iraq, EU accession,
Cyprus, the Kurdish peace process, and the economy. The Government has also had to deal with
several major terrorist attacks. In November 2003 bombings were targeted at two synagogues,
the British Consulate-General and the HSBC bank, all in Istanbul. In July 2008 the United States
embassy in Istanbul was subject to terrorist attack and in the same month two bombs, mooted to
be the responsibility of Kurdish guerrillas, exploded in a busy pedestrian area of Istanbul killing
16 people.
In March 2004 the AKP Government consolidated its domestic position by winning 42 per cent
of the vote in local elections. In the July 2007 general elections it secured a second term in office
after winning 47 per cent of the vote and 341 seats, and in June 2011 Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
18
became the only prime minister in Turkish history to win a third consecutive general election.
The party has undertaken significant structural reforms in recent years and during its rule Turkey
has seen rapid growth and an end to its three decade long period of hyper-inflation. If it is to
succeed in its attempts to gain EU accession, however, the AKP will need to persuade the
European Union that the country is fully committed to democratic reforms and a political
solution on the Cyprus issue. In the meantime Turkey faces opposition to its membership of the
EU from France and Germany, who are concerned about admitting a Muslim nation of 74 million
people located on the fringes of the Middle East.
Two issues in 2008 were of major relevance to political stability in Turkey. The first relates to
the decision of the country’s Constitutional Court to consider banning the AKP party and its
leaders from politics as a result of what it alleges are the party’s infringements of Turkey’s
avowedly secular constitution. The second matter was the instigation of criminal proceedings
against members of the so-called ‘Ergenekon’ organisation suspected of plotting a coup against
the AKP government. The issue arose in July 2007 with the discovery of arms and munitions in
a private house in Istanbul and culminated in July 2008 in the trial of 86 people including high
ranking members of the Army, prominent businessmen and members of the press. Significantly,
the outfall from both cases may have had potentially damaging consequences for Turkey’s EU
accession bid.
More recently, the government has had to deal with economic problems that did not seem to exist
during the initial period of rapid growth post 2002, problems including a widening budget deficit
and a weakening Turkish Lira. It has also faced considerable criticism for what appears to be an
increasingly autocratic approach. In May 2013, what started out as a protest against urban
development in Gezi park in Istanbul became the national focus for anti-government
demonstrations. These spread nationwide and, though often rooted in specific causes, shared the
same frustrations at apparently growing restrictions on freedoms of assembly, of the press and of
speech in general, of women’s rights and concerns over the seeming Islamisation of the state.
Eventually the demonstrations fizzled out, but the long term consequences of the state’s
perceived heavy-handed response were perhaps evident in the results of the recent general
election. This was widely seen, indeed framed by the government, as a referendum on its
political approach, as well as its desire to change the constitution again and focus even greater
powers in the hands of the President. Thus, while the AKP party nominally won the elections,
securing 40.9 per cent of the vote and the largest single number of seats in the parliament, it lost
its overall majority. The result was Turkey’s first hung parliament since 1999, and also a period
19
of uncertainty over the direction and indeed composition of the next government; moves to create
an executive Presidency appear to have been stymied.
As a result of this election, the constitution and the main institutions remain quite simply
explained. Turkey has only one house of parliament, 550 members serving for up to five years.
Traditionally these members have elected a figurehead president, who serves only one term, a
maximum of seven years. Since 2007, however, the constitution has been amended so that the
President is now directly elected for a once-renewable five year term. The President then selects
the Prime Minister, who is supposed to be the leader of the largest party in parliament and must
then win the support of parliament. Among the ministries those of economics, education and the
interior have an unfortunate record of being weakened by partisan appointments and interference,
while that of agriculture has on occasion been used simply to buy votes.
The country’s local government is done by the 80 vilayets or provinces, with a governor
appointed from the centre. It is highly centralised but in the last 15 years the municipalities have
won some powers and limited resources.
GEOGRAPHY
Turkey lies between 35° and 42° north latitude and 25° and 44° east longitude. A small part of it
is in Europe but most is in Asia, in the part known as Anatolia. It is a large country – from
Edirne on the Bulgarian border to Kars near Armenia is 1,700 kilometres across very
mountainous territory, and the distance from north to south is almost 1,000 kilometres. There are
mountain ranges everywhere and the highest mountain is the biblical Mount Ararat, now called
Agri Dagi, which is 5,165 metres high. There are seven regions:
• Marmara: European Turkey and the southern shore of the Sea of Marmara. This is a very
fertile area but with extremes of temperature – 40° in summer and -16° in winter.
• Aegean: A coastal region full of fertile plains and river valleys.
• Mediterranean: The southern coast stretching from Antalya to Adana. The first part, east of
Alana, is a fertile plain. This coast is the warmest and dampest, with 777 millimetres of rain
each year.
• Central Anatolia: The heartland, full of mountains and steppes. It is dry, but good for
growing wheat as well as for grazing sheep.
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• Black Sea Coast: An area which is only now being opened up, it is 1,700 kilometres long,
temperate and damp. In the east it is wet enough to grow tea, and everywhere the climate
allows almost any crop to grow.
• The South-East: This region is steppe land and is dry and very hot – a maximum of 46.5° in
summer. Here the GAP hydroelectric project is in progress. The first irrigation arrived in
1994 and the plan is to create 19 per cent of all irrigated land there in the next century.
• Eastern Anatolia: This region is mountainous, dry and very hot – a maximum of 38° to 42°
in summer.
Population
According to the official Turkish Statistics Institute (TurkStat) the population was 76.7 million at
the end of 2014, and increase of two million in just the three years since the last report. 77 per
cent of the population lives in towns and cities; in the countryside the population grew until 1989
but is now falling in absolute terms as a result of continuing internal migration to city areas.
Table 7. Turkey: Populations in Main Cities, 2014

(Million)
Istanbul 14.2
Ankara 4.6
Izmir 2.9
Bursa 1.8
Adana 1.7
Gaziantep 1.6
Konya 1.2
Source: TurkStat
The population is very young by European standards, 50 per cent being below 29 years old. The
table above gives estimates for the sizes of the major cities but they are rather likely to be
inaccurate because of illegal building, unregistered residence and the recent influx of refugees
from neighbouring countries, particularly Syria.
Over 99 per cent of the population is Muslim. The Kurds are the largest minority, about 18 per
cent of the population. They come from south-eastern Anatolia and have spread into Iraq, Iran
and Syria. About half of them live in the cities of Western Anatolia. 98 per cent of people speak
Turkish; about two per cent speak Arabic, mainly inhabitants of the region in the south bordering
Syria.
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ECONOMIC BACKGROUND
Turkey’s largely free-market economy is increasingly driven by its industry and service sectors,
although its traditional agriculture sector still accounts for about 25 per cent of employment. An
aggressive privatization programme has reduced state involvement in basic industry, banking,
transport, and communication, and an emerging cadre of middle-class entrepreneurs is adding
dynamism to the economy and expanding production beyond the traditional textiles and clothing
sectors.
The automotive, construction, and electronics industries, are rising in importance and
have surpassed textiles within Turkey’s export mix. Oil began to flow through the
Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline in May 2006, marking a major milestone that will bring up to
1 million barrels per day from the Caspian to market. Several gas pipelines projects are also
moving forward to help transport Central Asian gas to Europe through Turkey, which over the
long term will help address Turkey’s dependence on imported oil and gas to meet 97 per cent of
its energy needs. Of these, the TANAP (Trans Anatolia Natural Gas Pipeline), which will run
from Azerbaijain through Turkey to its border with Europe, saw the ground-breaking ceremony
in March this year.
After Turkey experienced a severe financial crisis in 2001, Ankara adopted financial and fiscal
reforms as part of an IMF program. The reforms strengthened the country’s economic
fundamentals and ushered in an era of strong growth - averaging more than six per cent annually
until 2008. Global economic conditions and tighter fiscal policy caused GDP to contract in 2009,
but Turkey’s well-regulated financial markets and banking system helped the country weather
the global financial crisis and GDP rebounded strongly to 9.2 per cent in 2010, as exports
returned to normal levels following the recession. Turkey’s public sector debt to GDP ratio has
fallen to roughly 40 per cent.
Table 8. Turkey: Basic Economic Indicators, 2010-2014

(Real Change Per Cent)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Real GDP Growth 9.2 8.8 2.1 4.2 2.9
Exports 10.3 17.7 13.7 -0.1 4.4
Imports 31.8 31.2 -1.7 6.5 -3.6
Consumer Price Index (%) 8.6 7.8 6.2 7.4 8.2
Unemployment Rate (%) 12.0 9.8 8.4 9.1 10.0
Source: Official Statistics
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Continued strong growth has pushed inflation to the eight per cent level, however, and worsened
an already high current account deficit, at least until the fall in oil prices in the past year or so
reduced the amount spent on energy imports (which normally account for a quarter of total
import expenditure). As a result of this timely, if unforeseeable, development, the current
account deficit was estimated at $46 billion in 2014, down from $64.7 billion in 2013. Turkey
also remains dependent on often volatile, short-term investment to finance its large trade deficit,
and has suffered considerably from the weakness of the Turkish Lira that has raised the cost of
imports; symptomatic of the problem is the more than 50 per cent fall in the Turkish Lira
compared to the US$ since the last report. Moreover, the value of FDI stood at $16.2 billion at
year-end 2011, but had fallen to $12.5 billion by the end of 2014. Inflows have slowed
considerably in light of continuing economic turmoil in Europe, the source of much of Turkey’s
FDI.
Further economic and judicial reforms and prospective EU membership are expected to boost
Turkey’s attractiveness to foreign investors. However, Turkey’s relatively high current account
deficit, uncertainty related to monetary policy-making, and political turmoil within Turkey’s
neighbourhood leave the economy vulnerable to destabilizing shifts in investor confidence.
AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY
Agriculture is still the occupation of a large number of Turkish people and Turkey is one of the
few self-sufficient countries in the world in terms of food. Its fertile soil, climate and abundant
rainfall permit the growing of almost all types of crops, and farming is conducted in all regions
of the country, albeit less so in the mountainous eastern area, where the main activity is based on
animal husbandry.
Turkish agriculture, especially cereal production, is heavily dependent on seasonal rainfall.

While there are about 8.5 million hectares of land under potential perennial irrigation, only about
half of this area, 4.5 million hectares, has been equipped with requisite irrigation infrastructure.
It is known that the expansion of irrigated lands helps to improve production, create rural
employment and alleviate migration from rural to urban areas. Towards this end, it is envisaged
to irrigate an additional 1.7 million hectares in the South eastern Anatolia Project. Already
300,000 hectares have been brought under irrigation in Harran and adjoining areas in the south-
east, giving a boost to the production of cotton and other crops.
The land is reasonably evenly distributed and there is no hereditary class of large landowners as
one finds elsewhere, except in the south-east where the Kurdish tribal leaders own large tracts
23
and employ peasant share croppers to work the land. In the Çukurova region near Adana and on
the Aegean coast there are large commercial farms growing cotton or citrus fruits, but elsewhere
the farms are nearly all small peasant holdings, sometimes worked by landless farmers.
Another characteristic of Turkish agriculture is the small farm size. In the last 20 years the
number of farms has fallen from 4 million to 3 million, yet two-thirds of them still own only
between 0.1 and 5.0 hectares of land, (22 per cent of total agricultural land), while only one-third
of households own more than 5 hectares – covering the remaining 78 per cent of available
agricultural land.
The most important crop is wheat and other cereals. Besides producing for a growing population
which adores eating bread, Turkish farms produce the raw material to be the world’s second
greatest exporter of pasta and enough flour to win 10 per cent of the world market.
Unfortunately, the weather has not always been reliable and recent wheat crops of 19.0 million
tonnes have been well below the high point of 2000, when 21 million tonnes were produced.
Crops are the most important products with 56 per cent of agricultural production by value, split
between cereals (12 per cent, industrial crops such as sugar beet and tobacco (six per cent),
Vegetables (14 per cent, fruits (17 per cent) and other crops. Wheat is the single most important
crop. Livestock production and animal products contribute 25 and 19 per cent of total value
respectively.
By international standards, Turkey is a major producer of grain, cotton, tobacco, grapes,

sunflower, pulses (chickpeas and lentils), dried fruit (hazelnuts, seedless raisins, figs, and
apricots), fresh fruits (apples and citrus), tomatoes, tea and small ruminants (sheep, goats).
Cereal production occupies 75 per cent of Turkey’s cropland. With a wheat production of
19 million tonnes and barley production of 6.3 million tonnes in 2014, Turkey is one of the
world’s biggest wheat and barley producers. Besides cotton and tobacco, sugar beet is another
important industrial crop.
Tobacco is an important industrial crop and Turkey is the world’s fourth largest producer.
Turkey has 81.4 million olive trees, 11.1 million orange trees, 7.8 million tangerine trees and
4.9 million lemon trees, making fruit a much more buoyant sector.
Livestock farming is very important but very diverse, from traditional nomadic tending of sheep
and goats to industrial enterprises making high quality dairy products. Milk production,
however, has been in decline since the mid-1990s.
24
Forestry is only potentially important. The forests cover a massive area, but most is low grade
woodland unsuitable for commercial exploitation. Recent re-afforestation schemes have been
focusses on soil preservation and the avoidance of desertification rather than commercial timber.
Farm output therefore remains low in comparison to the country’s enormous potential and
farmers’ average income is also low. It is widely reported that although total Turkish agricultural
output is at the same level as that of France, it is achieved with 10 times as many workers. Small
farm size and lack of economies of scale, coupled with increases in input prices, dependency on
rain fed agriculture, and lack of efficient market mechanisms are leading to a rapid rural exodus.
Support has mainly been channelled through price support (i.e. “deficiency payments” for
sunflower seed, soybean, cotton, and olive oil), input subsidies (credit, fertiliser and irrigation)
and supply control measures for crops such as tobacco, hazelnuts and tea (Alternative Crop
Scheme). The government has also been involved in the purchasing, processing and marketing
of crops (often through financial support to farmer-owned co-operatives). In addition, the state
banks have provided the sector with interest subsidies, mostly directed towards the
market-oriented producers.
MINING AND QUARRYING
The country has a wide range of mineral deposits but, although it is Europe’s largest producer of
gold, the only important products for the world market are chrome (six per cent of world
production and 25 million tonnes of reserves) and the one product in which it has a near world
monopoly, boron, which is used for hardening steel. Nevertheless, exports of the mining
industry over the last decade increased in value from $700 million to around $4 billion. In 2012,
the industry grew by 4.6 per cent and aims to reach $15 billion of exports by 2023, the 100th
anniversary of the republic
Almost 40 per cent of the boron mineral production is exported as lumpy ore and concentrate.
The remaining is converted to refined boron products. Borate reserves are worked by Turkey’s
largest state owned mining company, Eti Maden, the only producer and exporter of boron
minerals and boron chemicals. Ferrochromium is the most important product in production and
exports.
The country produces much lignite for domestic use but 57 per cent of the reserves are of low
calorific value. The fuel produces a dirty smoke and the coming of natural gas to replace it in
Turkey’s cities is being welcomed. The iron ore is now insufficient for the steel industry and the
25
country has to import ore. The hard coal production is becoming increasingly difficult in
geological terms and subsidies are being phased out, although the country’s long term potential
has recently been positively re-assessed following a re-evaluation of known deposits and an
exploration of new ones.
The marble industry is one of the more interesting quarrying activities for the suppliers of
loading equipment. Located 90 per cent in western Turkey, on Marmara Island and in the
province of Afyon, it has reserves of high grade marble for the next 4,000 years. The 2,100
quarries and 112 processing plants (95 per cent of them private) have enjoyed improved fortunes
during recent years. Extraction and processing have improved and intensive marketing in the
USA has expanded demand for beige marble and travertine, a variety endowed with holes during
its formation and previously not well rated. More recently, exports of marble to China have done
very well.
Turkey has a 40 per cent share of world marble reserves, around 3.8 billion m3. Important
marble reserves are found in Afyon, Bilecik, Burdur, Denizli, Muzla, Elazir, Balkesir and
Eskiflehir. The annual block marble production is around 2,300,000 tonnes.
The natural stone sector in Turkey has developed significantly in the last 10 years. Total natural
stone exports were in excess of US$1,568 million in 2010. Processed marble ranks first with
export earnings of over $770 million. Block marble takes second place with $360 million.
The other important minerals commercially mined and exported in Turkey are magnesite,
barytes, pumice, bentonite, kaolin, refractory and ceramic clays. Copper, lead, zinc, sulphur,
diatomite, feldspar, alumina, salt, calcite, perlite, emery, celestite and zeolite complete the list.
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY
As a result of the economic reforms introduced after the 2001 financial crisis, Turkey has
enjoyed a more stable financial performance with relatively low inflation and renewed political
stability. These factors, coupled with the instigation of EU accession negotiations in 2004, led to
a significant increase in business confidence (at least until last year), which in turn has initiated
the country’s largest ever construction boom. Recent annual growth levels in the construction
sector have averaged 16 per cent.
Large infrastructure projects involving investment of billions of dollars have been planned or are
already under way. Due to Turkey’s recent achievements and security provided under the
26
prospects of EU membership, foreign direct investment (FDI), much of which has been applied
to the construction sector, has increased substantially since 2005, reaching US$16 billion in 2011
alone from an average of US$1 billion between 1990 and 2003. As mentioned already, it has
since fallen back, though to still historically-high levels.
In the building sector, rising demand led to a shortage of residential dwellings, as a result of
which construction of more than 400,000 new housing units was required each year up to 2010 to
meet the housing needs of a growing population; now though, there are concerns that efforts to
stimulate the housing market will merely result in the recent excessive housebuilding schemes at
last being filled, rather than stimulating much new building work. On the other hand, investment
in the private sector from other Middle-Eastern countries has become a significant market
stimulus. The government is also taking many initiatives to improve the infrastructure of the fast
growing tourism sector over the coming years and is encouraging private investment.
During the last 10 years the country’s energy consumption has risen 5.5 per cent per annum on
average. Since 2002, the demand for electricity and natural gas has risen by 58 per cent and
150 per cent respectively. As a result, the requirement for energy related construction projects
such as wind farms, nuclear, gas and coal fired power plants, has become massive, and is forecast
to continue for at least the next 15 years. Two new nuclear power plants are planned for Mersin.
The government’s decision to liberalise the energy market has also meant a sharp increase in the
number of licences granted to private and foreign investors, which has minimised construction
initiation delays.
The public works industry is very affected by the political world and the recent period of stability
has led to a wave of infrastructure projects which have sustained the large increase in demand for
heavy equipment initiated after 2009. The main themes are the progressing, piece by piece, of
the GAP project and the slow growth of the modern road network. The main energy-orientated
projects at present relate to the distribution of natural gas and the construction of wind farms and
power plants.
Recently completed projects of note are the LPG pipeline in the Black Sea area and the oil
pipeline from Baku to Ceyhan. The pipeline opened in May 2005 and cost $3.6 billion to build
between 1994 and 2005. Previously the oil was transported via pipelines through Russia to the
Black Sea and then by tankers through the Straits of the Bosphorus. The 1,770 kilometres long
pipeline has the capacity to transport a million barrels per day of Caspian oil to the Turkish port
of Ceyhan, on the Mediterranean. The pipeline passes through Azerbaijan (443 kilometres),
27
Georgia (249 kilometres), and Turkey (1,076 kilometres), passing over mountain plateaux up to
2,500 m above sea level in several places in Georgia and Turkey.
The Great Anatolian Project (GAP) is located in the east of the country. Started in 1981, it is a
plan to build a group of 22 dams and 19 hydro-electric plants as well as numerous irrigation
schemes, using the waters of the rivers Tigris and Euphrates. It will give cheap electricity and is
planned to cover one-third of Turkey’s total energy needs. It was budgeted at TL25 billion for
1981-2000 but the overruns on cost are not known and the project has needed another
TL6 billion after 2000 to complete it in any case.
The motorway network is another area of considerable expansion. In the 10 years up to the
publication of the previous report the motorway network grew by 600 kilometres. Current
projects improvement of the route from Istanbul to Ankara, the completion of the Istanbul-Izmir
route and upgrading of the road from Istanbul to Eskişehir.
Non-motorway roads are very heavily used and as a result the road network will always need
improvement, although until recently the total length of the main road network has been
increasing only moderately. Since the middle of the 1990s around 2,000 kilometres have been
added, but 7,900 kilometres of bituminous roads have been created, half of them by replacing the
crushed stone roads. 97 per cent of the roads outside the villages have a hard surface now.
The 8,697 kilometres long railway network was built before industrialisation and is of little use
except for passengers. New branch lines into industrial areas are in the planning stage and the
Istanbul-Ankara line has been recently upgraded. Following this success, a new route linking
Istanbul and Izmir is now also planned.
Table 9. Turkey: Largest Building Contractors, 2015
Company Speciality
Alarko Energy
Dogus Civil Engineering
Enka General
Gama Civil Engineering
Güriş Civil Engineering
Koray Industry/Commercial
STFA Civil Engineering
Tekfen General
Üstay Industry/Commercial
Yüksel Industry
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Since the late 1990s the large contractors have taken over the execution of projects from state
organisations and the phenomenon of BOT (Build-Operate-Transfer) is spreading. The
contractor now builds a bridge or digs a tunnel at his own cost but then receives an income from
its use (a toll or a payment from the state) for a long period before he gives it over to the state.
This means that the contractors are even more important than they were, for they are in both the
private and the public sector. They are also far more inclined to use sub-contractors for work,
such as steel erection, earthmoving or electrical work, in order to save money. The table above
shows the largest contractors and their specialities.
These companies operate in Turkey and outside, and often buy plant in Istanbul and Ankara, then
immediately ship it overseas.
A salient feature of the industry in recent years has been the increasing number of large Turkish
construction companies working abroad. In the last five years the biggest markets have been
Russia, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Saudi Arabia and Afghanistan. Libya used to be by far the
biggest market but its share has decreased drastically. However, new markets for Turkish
companies have opened up, according to the contractors’ association, in such countries as India,
Oman, Qatar and other CIS countries such as Azerbaijan and Kyrgystan. The most important
fields of activity have been industrial facilities, followed by road, bridge tunnel and
petrochemical plants.
In the lead up to the 100th anniversary celebrations in 2023 of the founding of the Turkish
Republic, the government has announced a wide ranging programme of planned construction
projects, the most important of which are:
• US$368 billion investment in the Transportation Industry (roads, sea, air transport and
railways).
• US$140 billion investment in the Energy Sector.
• US$400 billion investment in urban transformation projects to be realised by the end of 2023.
• 20,000 kilometres of new 2-lane roads to be constructed by the end of 2023.
• 5,000 kilometres of new motorways.
• Natural gas lines in 35 cities.
• New projects valued at US$140 billion in the environment and recycling sectors.
• 14,000 kilometres of new railway projects throughout Turkey, and US$100 billion investment
in additional railways.
• Construction of 100 new dams.
29
• New Bosphorus motorway bridge construction in Istanbul and Canakkale.
• Istanbul-Izmir Highway project valued at US$6.9 billion.
• 10 new airport projects.
• Third airport project in Istanbul.
• New harbour investments at a value of US$3.6 billion over the next 12 years.
• Construction of new road and railway tunnels under the Bosphorus in Istanbul.
• US$26.7 billion worth of investment in GAP projects (Southern Anatolian Project).
A final word should go to perhaps the most ambitious project of all, the Istanbul Canal. This
proposed new link between the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea to the west of Istanbul is
conceived to relieve the strain on natural and built environment of the Bosphorous caused by
current shipping levels.
EQUIPMENT ANALYSES
ASPHALT FINISHERS
Market Size and Trends
Table 10. Turkey: Sales of Asphalt Finishers, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

55 99 174 120 74
The market for asphalt finishers is highly dependent on government investment in new road
construction and maintenance of the existing network. Historically the sector has been
characterised by volatility whereby demand has reached 100 machines in good years, and
conversely plummeted to below 10 machines per year during times of austerity. As can be seen
from the table above, this trend has continued in the recent past, even if the lows are now not as
low as they have been.
Asphalt finishers have not always been used for every bituminous surface. Apart from the
motorways, ring roads and main roads, many have been covered with a cold-mix tarred
aggregate. In this practice the aggregate is rolled flat, sprayed with tar, covered with stone chips
and rolled again. It does not involve asphalt finishers, and in 2003 and 2004 the government
30
covered 3,000 kilometres in the countryside with this surface. However, the roads soon broke up
and, as a result, government authorities have now begun to specify the use of full hot mix
compacted asphalt surfaces in their contracts to replace this inferior substitute.
In 2007 the municipal authorities’ investment in road surfacing doubled in comparison to 2006
and the market made a hesitant recovery. In line with other machine sectors demand fell sharply
in 2008 and 2009 following the onset of the global financial crisis, although the subsequent
release of government funds for new road construction resulted in a robust recovery in 2011 and
2012. In 2013, sales remained above the assumed long-term average of 100 machines, thanks to
continued infrastructure investment. Last year, however, concerns over the economy, in
particular the fall in value of the Turkish Lira against the US Dollar and the Euro and the
subsequent rise in cost of imported machinery, and increasing political uncertainty, saw the
market decline, albeit only as far as 74 units. This is because the volume of road building work
being undertaken in the country, even in a cool market, is still comfortably in excess of previous
levels. Two statistics prove this point: in the post 12 years, more kilometres of asphalt roads
have been built in Turkey than in the previous history of the Turkish Republic; in 2014, asphalt
production in Turkey exceeded 50 million tonnes, making it the largest producer in Europe.
It should be noted that a small proportion of new pavers are sold to Turkish contractors who will
use them on foreign job sites. The best estimates for the proportion of the market that can be
accounted for in such a fashion is less than 10 per cent.
The asphalt finisher sector is dominated by private contractors rather than the municipalities. As
a result the types of machines in demand are of high specification and 90 per cent of them are on
crawler tracks, reflecting the needs of the builders of roads outside urban areas. These are the
people who will order a high compaction screed on occasion, although they more normally
require a standard screed of 6.5 to 7.5 metres’ working width, with a tamper and vibrator.
Electric screed heating is also now the preferred option for the majority of contractors.
The market for mini pavers, of a working width of only 2.5 metres, disappeared when local
authorities faced reduced budgets, although is expected to grow in the longer term.
Market Shares
Vögele dominates the market with a share that has increased from 50-60 per cent at the time of
the last report to over 80 per cent in the past two years. The company was represented for over
20 years by the road building specialist, Mor Teknik, although the parent company, Wirtgen,
31
took the decision in 2008 to establish a wholly owned subsidiary company in Turkey which
brought the partnership to an end. The most popular machine sold is the Super 1900.
Table 11. Turkey: Suppliers of Asphalt Finishers and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Vögele 122 87 61 82
Atlas Copco 2 1 6 8
Bomag 9 6 3 4
Caterpillar 4 3 3 4
Volvo 3 2 2 2
Total 140 100 74 100
Dynapac, now sold as Atlas Copco, was represented by the asphalt plant manufacturer
Teknomak from 1997 to 2010, after which time the franchise was transferred to the Hitachi
dealer, Enka. Following Atlas Copco’s acquisition of Dynapac in 2007, some direct sales of
pavers are also undertaken by the Atlas Copco subsidiary company in Istanbul. In the past it had
been the market leader in asphalt finishers, but the resurgence of Vögele and Volvo in recent
years has resulted in a significant loss of market share for the company. Last year, however, a
more aggressive strategy was adopted, resulting in a return to second place in the market, albeit a
very long way behind the leader.
Bomag, whose finishers are sold by Karyer, has yet to find a way to capitalise on its strength in
the compaction sector; Caterpillar manages to sell occasional units as part of package deals for
its other products. The German-built products of ABG, now marketed under the brand name of
Volvo, has traditionally proven to be the most successful challenger to the dominance of Vögele,
though this challenge has dissipated in recent years.
The full list of suppliers is shown below.
Table 12. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Asphalt Finishers, 2015
Manufacturer Supplier Manufacturer Supplier

Ammann TSM Global Caterpillar Borusan Makina
Atlas Copco Enka Vögele Wirtgen Ankara
Bomag Karyer Volvo Ascendum
32
Population and End-Users
Table 13. Turkey: Population of Asphalt Finishers by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Road Contractors 560 80
General Contractors 70 10
Surfacing Specialists 35 5
Municipalities 35 5
Total 700 100
The major owners now are the 26 members of the asphalt contractors’ association, who own the
majority of all the asphalt mixing plants in Turkey. This end-user sector is estimated to account
for approximately 80 per cent of asphalt finisher sales.
The remainder of the population is divided between the general contractors, municipalities
operating small machines, and a small number of specialist road surfacing specialists.
Forecast to 2019
Table 14. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Asphalt Finishers, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

120 150 125 100 140
The planned scale of road building projects is extremely large, with 20,000 kilometres planned
for completion by 2023, but much will depend on the release of the requisite funding by the
government. The extensive public spending in advance of the recent general election dictate that
the market for pavers will increase again this year, even if the second half of the year is now
likely to be not as strong as the first six months. Thereafter, it is likely that demand will be
sustained at high levels throughout the forecast period, even if the market will undoubtedly
fluctuate in an unpredictable fashion year on year.
33
Machines Available
Table 15. Turkey: Asphalt Finishers Available, 2015
Paving Width Engine Product

Manufacturer Model Type (metres) HP Manufacturer Source
Ammann AFW150G W 0.8-1.3 8 Hatz Switzerland
AFW270 W 1.4-2.7 45 Deutz Switzerland
AFW350 W 1.8-4.5 61 Deutz Switzerland
AFW500 W 2.5-6.5 110 Cummins Switzerland
AFT270 C 1.4-3.3 45 Deutz Switzerland
AFT350 C 1.8-4.5 61 Deutz Switzerland
AFT500 C 2.5-6.5 110 Cummins Switzerland
Atlas Copco F1200C C 0.3-3.1 66 Deutz Germany

F1200CS C 0.3-3.1 73 Deutz Germany
F1700C C 0.6-4.4 70 Deutz Germany
F800T C 2.5-5.8 173 Cummins Germany
F1000T C 3.0-7.6 230 Cummins Germany
F2500C C 2.0-8.1 149 Cummins Germany
F2500CS C 2.0-9.0 174 Cummins Germany
SD2500C C 2.0-9.0 174 Cummins Germany
SD2500CS C 2.0-10.0 201 Cummins Germany
SD2550C C 2.0-12.0 230 Cummins Germany
SD2550CS C 2.0-14.0 262 Cummins Germany
F1700W W 0.6-4.1 70 Deutz Germany
F1700WS W 0.6-4.1 70 Deutz Germany
F2500W W 2.0-6.6 149 Cummins Germany
SD2500W W 2.0-7.3 174 Cummins Germany
SD2500WS W 2.0-9.0 174 Cummins Germany
F1000W W 3.0-7.6 230 Cummins Germany
Bomag BF223C C 1.4-4.0 50 Perkins Italy

BF300C C 1.7-4.0 75 Kubota Italy
BF600C C 2.5-7.5 162 Deutz Italy
BF800C C 2.5-10.0 182 Deutz Italy
BF800C Soil C 2.5-10.0 182 Deutz Italy
BF900C 4i C 3.0-13.0 216 Deutz Italy
BF300P W 1.7-4.0 75 Kubota Italy
BF600P W 2.5-6.9 162 Deutz Italy
BF800P W 2.5-10.0 182 Deutz Italy
AP225E C 1.4-2.6 46 Caterpillar Italy

Caterpillar AP555E C 2.5-4.8 144 Caterpillar Italy
AP655D C 2.5-5.0 170 Caterpillar Italy
AP655F C 2.5-5.0 170 Caterpillar Italy
AP300D-AS3173 W 1.7 75 Caterpillar Italy
AP300D –AS4173 W 1.75 75 Caterpillar Italy
AP500E W 2.55-5.0 143 Caterpillar Italy
AP600D W 2.5-5.0 174 Caterpillar Italy
AP600F W 2.5-5.0 174 Caterpillar Italy
(continued)
34
Table 15. Turkey: Asphalt Finishers Available, 2015 (continued)
Paving Width Engine Product

Manufacturer Model Type (metres) HP Manufacturer Source
Vögele Super 700 C 1.1-3.2 61 Deutz Germany
Super 800 C 2.0-3.2 61 Deutz Germany
Super 1100-2 C 2.0-4.2 78 Deutz Germany
Super 1600-2 C 2.5-8.0 148 Perkins Germany
Super 1800-2 C 2.5-10.0 195 Perkins Germany
Super 1103-2 W 1.7-4.2 78 Deutz Germany
Super 1303-2 W 2.0-4.5 101 Deutz Germany
Super 1603-2 W 2.5-7.0 135 Perkins Germany
Super 1803-2 W 2.5-8.0 174 Perkins Germany
Vision 5100-2 C 2.5-5.8 170 Cummins Germany
Vision 5200-2 C 2.5-8.6 240 Cummins Germany
Vision 5103-2 W 2.5-5.8 170 Cummins Germany
Vision 5203-2 W 2.5-7.3 240 Cummins Germany
Volvo ABG2820 C 1.5-4.0 85 Deutz Germany

ABG5820 C 3.0-8.0 152 Deutz Germany
ABG7820 C 3.0-13.0 228 Volvo Germany
ABG8820 C 3.0-13.5 247 Volvo Germany
ABG5770 W 2.5-7.5 166 Deutz Germany
Note: W – Wheeled, C – Crawler

BACKHOE LOADERS
The backhoe loader became popular during the 1990s and the recent history of sales has
confirmed its position as the leading volume item of construction equipment, accounting for
29 per cent of total new machine sales in 2011 and 31 per cent in 2014. Nevertheless it does not
have a long history of use in the country, and arrived as a dominant factor in the market less than
20 years ago. Prior to this time, a number of domestic companies had taken Massey Ferguson
Turkish-made tractors and added a bucket at the front, and a backhoe at the rear, to make a
substitute for an imported backhoe loader.
35
Table 16. Turkey: Sales of Backhoe Loaders, 2010-2014
(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

2,750 3,195 4,336 4,065 3,294
In the latter half of the 1980s the volume of converted machines declined and one Turkish
company, Hidromek, committed itself to producing a genuine backhoe loader based on a
specially created chassis. After 1996 the market grew rapidly. The municipalities were willing
to start using contractors to do their work, and the larger companies began to sub-contract
smaller jobs, both practices which had been uncommon before the 1990s. This created the
market, and the ready availability of financing and leasing options encouraged buyers to invest in
new imported backhoe loaders.
Sales advanced in the late 1990s to 1,600 units per year but collapsed in the wake of the 2001
crisis. By 2004 the private sector was buoyant again. Investment in housing, tourist
developments, factories and inner city refurbishment works all stimulated the market for backhoe
loaders. More recently, new applications, most notably waste recycling, have also added to the
product’s appeal. The pace of purchasing accelerated enormously during the construction boom
years of 2005-2007, by which time the market had reached its highest recorded level of
4,200 units.
In 2008, the government implemented a dramatic rise in the VAT rate on leasing contracts from
one per cent to 18 per cent, although this was subsequently dropped to eight per cent for backhoe
loaders and crawler excavators following lobbying from the domestic manufacturers. However,
the net effect was that sales of backhoe loaders collapsed by 55 per cent. The onset of the global
financial crisis towards the end of 2008 added to the misery, and in 2009 demand fell by a further
38 per cent to reach its lowest level since the financial crisis of 2001, just 1,150 units.
In common with other product sectors, demand began to recover slowly in the last quarter of
2009 and, following strong growth in the domestic economy coupled with the instigation of
many infrastructure projects, the market underwent sustained and robust growth of 111 per cent
in 2010. This development continued in 2011 underpinned by a buoyant construction sector and
by the end of the year sales had risen by a further 31 per cent to exceed 3,000 units once more.
36
Sales grew rapidly again in 2012 – a large number likely to have been delayed purchases from
2011 in anticipation of the decrease in the VAT leasing rate from eight per cent to one per cent –
resulting in a new record sales figure of 4,336 units. Sales remained in excess of 4,000 units in
2013 before a decline of 20 per cent last year. It should be noted, however, that this reflected the
overall loss of confidence in the economy due to exchange rate and budgetary pressures rather
than a decline the popularity and importance of the backhoe loader (as might be expected from
the experienced of markets in Western Europe, for example). The growth in sales witnessed in
the first few months of this year, as public expenditure at municipality level was increased in
advance of the general elections in June, bears witness to this.
The standard machine sold in the Turkish market is now rated at 100 net horsepower and in the
case of the leading suppliers, Hidromek and JCB, which together account for nearly 70 per cent
of the market, around 40 per cent of sales are of four wheel steer models. The Turkish customer
does not necessarily want electronics but is keen to make the machine as versatile as possible, by
adding forks and using hammers. Some suppliers also note a liking for air conditioning and
autoshift gearboxes, resulting in a really high specification product.
Production
The three manufacturers shown below have all been active in the backhoe loader sector since the
early 1990s.
Table 17. Turkey: Production of Backhoe Loaders by Manufacturer, 2014
Units %
Hidromek 1,690 52
MST 1,183 37
Çukurova 350 11
Total 3,223 100
Hidromek has long manufactured two standard backhoe loaders rated at 100 horsepower,
although in 2010 it launched a mini backhoe loader based on a skid-steer drive principle.
The 102B model is the rigid chassis 4WD type, while the 102S model is the 4-wheel steer and
4WD machine. Both are designed on similar lines to the products of the European market
leaders and have capacities to equal or better them. The latest incarnation of the product is the
new Supra series launched this year, which features a 4.5 litre turbocharged John Deere engine
37
compliant with Tier 3 and Stage 3a emissions regulations; Perkins engines are used for machines
destined for markets with less strict emissions controls. The machines feature a new cab design,
plastic hydraulic tanks, new lights and a Turner rather than ZF transmission.
The HMK62SS mini backhoe loader is powered by a 60 horsepower Kubota engine. This is a
rigid frame, skid steer-machine weighing 3.5 tonnes which has been designed and developed
in-house. The front loader bucket has a capacity of 0.35 m3 (with a breakout force of 3,690 kgf)
and the sideshift backhoe has a standard backhoe bucket capacity of 0.05 m3 and digs down to
2.7 metres.
From 1975 to 1989 Mastaş, now owned by SANKO and marketed under the brand name MST,
was purely a converter of agricultural tractors. It then began to build under licence from Benfra
of Italy a fully competitive modern, European-style backhoe loader, but on an articulated chassis,
which was not successful. The company continued to be mainly a converter of agricultural
tractors until 1995, when it launched a competitor to the Hidromek type of machine. That
machine, the MST, was based on the driveline supplied by ITL of the UK, a JCB subsidiary.
In November 2004 SANKO Otomotiv took over the company. It built a new plant in Gaziantep
in 2005, and production of all MST-brand backhoe loaders was transferred there. In 2008
production of telescopic handlers was also initiated at the new plant. The Mastaş operation in
Izmir remains an OEM manufacturer for mobile crushers and screening equipment, which are
marketed in Turkey under the Mastaş brand name, and in export markets under various brand
names. It also manufactures components such as frames, hydraulic cylinders and buckets for the
production operation in Gaziantep. The backhoe loader product line currently consists of two
models which are available as a rigid chassis 4WD type, or a four wheel steer and 4WD machine.
The smallest producer is Çukurova, whose product is made alongside its fork lift trucks,
wheeled loaders and crawler excavators in a plant near Mersin through sister company Çumitaş.
It now makes four different models of rigid two-wheel steered and four-wheel steered backhoe
loaders. All models are rated at 100 horsepower.
38
Component Sourcing
Table 18. Turkey: Component Sourcing for Backhoe Loaders, 2015
Çukurova Hidromek MST

Axles ZF, Carraro ZF, Carraro Carraro
Buckets In-house In-house In-house
Cabs In-house Hisarlar In-house
Chassis In-house In-house In-house
Control Valves Parker, Bosch Rexroth, Husco, Bosch Rexroth Husco
David Brown, Doosan
Engines Perkins, John Deere Perkins, John Deere Perkins
Hydraulic Pumps Eaton, Bosch Rexroth, Kawasaki, David Brown Casappa, Bosch Rexroth
David Brown
Loaders In-house In-house In-house
Transmissions ZF, Carraro ZF, Turner Carraro
Tyres Various LasSA Various
Çukurova has a long standing relationship with the UK engine manufacturer Perkins, which
provides the engines for all but the largest model of Çukurova’s backhoe loaders, which is fitted
with a John Deere engine. ZF of Germany supplies most of the transmissions, and Carraro in
Italy supplies the drivetrain on some backhoe loader models.
The Hidromek plant in Sincan, Ankara builds the chassis, fabricates buckets and makes both the
loaders and the backhoes, as well cylinders. The company buys components with the guiding
principle that everything which goes into the machine should be as good as the corresponding
elements of any imported machine. Thus it began with JCB transmissions and axles, although
the recently launched Supra series now incorporates John Deere engines and Turner drivetrains.
MST follows the same principles of building the chassis, buckets, loader and backhoe. It has
switched from ITL to Carraro transmissions and axles, and fits Perkins engines to both models.
Market Shares
The market is effectively dominated by just two suppliers, JCB and the local manufacturer
Hidromek, and between them they annually account for around 70 per cent of sales.
Hidromek usurped JCB’s leading position in the sector in 2011, and has remained number one
ever since. The company remains by far the most important local supplier, with a high reputation
in municipalities and with private contractors. As a domestic manufacturer it is undeniably able
39
to compete aggressively on pricing terms, but the company’s growth has also been the result of
advances made in technology, greater reliability and robustness of the machines and, particularly
in the case of the latest backhoe loaders, a visually appealing product.
Table 19. Turkey: Suppliers of Backhoe Loaders and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Hidromek 1,639 40 1,284 39
JCB 1,261 31 1,003 31
MST 496 12 428 13
Caterpillar 399 10 277 9
Volvo 124 3 123 4
Çukurova 40 1 82 3
New Holland 39 1 34 1
Terex 25 1 24 1
Case - - 19 1
Komatsu 42 1 18 1
Liugong - - 2 -
Total 4,065 100 3,294 100
JCB has historically occupied first place in the market and its dealer, SIF JCB makes most of its
sales for JCB in this product. There is a large population of the 3CX model in Turkey, some of it
dating from the days when there was a high tariff and it was able to outsell all other imported
machines, equalling the volumes achieved by Hidromek.
Amongst the remaining suppliers the most successful is the local manufacturer MST, formerly
Mastaş, which has increased its market share since responsibility for sales and marketing was
taken over by the SANKO dealer organisation. Caterpillar, with Borusan Makina, and Volvo,
represented by the Ascendum organisation, are the best-selling imported machines after JCB.
40
Table 20. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Backhoe Loaders, 2015

Case TürkTraktör SANKO (MST) SANKO Makina
Caterpillar Borusan Makina New Holland TürkTraktör
Çukurova Çukurova Ziraat Terex Hasel
Hidromek Hidromek Venieri Özmak
JCB SIF JCB Volvo Ascendum
Komatsu Temsa
The huge volume of sales during recent years has meant that the backhoe loader population has
grown again since the last report in 2012. In the past 10 years alone sales of new machines have
totalled some 30,000 units. What’s more, the average life for a backhoe loader in Turkey is
much longer than in other parts of Europe, about 12 years, and it is unlikely that many machines
will have been scrapped during this period. The longevity of these products can be seen in the
prices they attain when sold second, third or even fourth hand: a three-year old machine with
5,000 hours on the clock from one of the two leading suppliers can achieve as much as 75 per
cent of its initial purchase price.
Municipalities still occasionally favour them as all-purpose tools, which can dig for drains in the
summer or shovel snow in the winter. The main buyers, however, are the typical small
contractors, often owner-operators, which one would recognise as the ideal users in any other
European market.
Table 21. Turkey: Population of Backhoe Loaders by Type of User, 2015
Units %
General Construction 19,800 60
Civil Engineering 8,250 25
Local Government 3,300 10
Others 1,650 5
Total 33,000 100
41
Forecast to 2019
Table 22. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Backhoe Loaders, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

3,300 3,100 3,300 3,400 3,200
The market for construction equipment in general rose during the first five months of 2014, as a
result of the government’s pre-election largess, but a particular beneficiary was the backhoe
loader market. There is a direct corollary between public spending on construction work at a
municipality level and sales of the ubiquitous backhoes that then put these plans into practice.
Nevertheless, this rise in sales is likely to have now peaked after the elections yielded no certain
outcome and the fundamental concerns about budget deficits and exchange rates remain. As a
result, the market for backhoes is likely to remain flat or slightly up on last year.
Most suppliers are confident that demand will continue to rise in the short to medium term, albeit
at a reduced rate compared to that seen in 2010-2011, and the outlook for sales of backhoe
loaders remains highly favourable, even if there could be a slow drop-off in sales towards the end
of the forecast period. The government has pledged to invest a vast amount of money in several
major infrastructure projects over the next 11 years, in anticipation of the 100th anniversary in
2023 of the founding of the Turkish Republic. Of particular significance to suppliers of backhoe
loaders is the proposed $400 billion investment outlined for so-called Urban Transformation
projects, which entail the widespread demolition of old buildings and the modernisation of inner
city areas throughout Turkey.
The large population of backhoe loaders alone is sufficient to ensure a buoyant replacement
market for the foreseeable future, although in the longer term some suppliers believe that sales
may be impacted to some extent by the growing trend towards compact equipment, specifically
mini excavators, whose benefits of lower running costs are slowly being recognised by the
backhoe loader customer base.
42
Machines Available
The types of machine in the table below are:
R – Rigid chassis A – Articulated chassis 4WS – Four wheel steer
Service weights are approximate, as the choice of backhoe can increase the weight by
200 kilograms or more.
Table 23. Turkey: Backhoe Loaders Available, 2015
Max Service
Engine Weight Product
Manufacturer Model Type Net HP Manufacturer (Tonnes) Source
Case 580 ST R 97 FPT 8.1 Italy
590 ST R 110 FPT 8.1 Italy
695 ST 4WS 110 FPT 8.8 Italy
Caterpillar 428F R 95 Caterpillar 10.2 UK

432F R 102 Caterpillar 10.8 UK
444F 4WS 102 Caterpillar 11.3 UK
Çukurova 880 R 94 Perkins 8.5 Turkey

883 R 100 Perkins 8.7 Turkey
885 R 100 Perkins 8.9 Turkey
888 4WS 100 John Deere 9.7 Turkey
Hidromek 62 SS R 59 Kubota 3.8 Turkey

102B R 100 John Deere, Perkins 8.9 Turkey
102S 4WS 100 Perkins 9.3 Turkey
JCB 1CX R 50 Perkins 2.9 UK

JCB 1CXT R 49 Perkins 4.3 UK
Midi CX 4WS 50 Perkins 4.2 UK
JCB 3CX ECO R 75/92/109 JCB 7.4-8.4 UK
3CX Super R 92 JCB 7.4-8.4 UK
JCB 4CX ECO 4WS 109 JCB 8.2 UK
JCB 4CN 4WS 109 JCB 8.7 UK
JCB 5CXWM 4WS 109 JCB 10.6 UK
Komatsu WB93R-5 2WS 99 Komatsu 8.1 Italy

WB97R-5 2WS 99 Komatsu 8.2 Italy
WB93S-5 4WS 99 Komatsu 8.6 Italy
WB97S-5 4WS 99 Komatsu 8.7 Italy
New Holland B100C R 97 FPT 8.1 Italy

B110C R 110 FPT 8.2 Italy
B115C 4WS 110 FPT 9.1 Italy
(continued)
43
Table 23. Turkey: Backhoe Loaders Available, 2015 (continued)
Max Service
Manufacturer Model Type Net HP Manufacturer (Tonnes) Source
Sanko MST542 R 100 Perkins 8.9 Turkey
MST544 R 100 Perkins 9.2 Turkey
Terex TLB840 R 94 Perkins 7.9 UK

TX760B 4WS 94 Perkins 6.9 UK
TLB840 4WS 94 Perkins 7.2 UK
Volvo BL 61B 4WS 83 Volvo 8.2 Poland

BL 71B 4WS 91 Volvo 8.6 Poland
COMPACTION EQUIPMENT
Sales of compaction equipment depend on both soil compaction and asphalt surface preparation,
in the ratio of 60 to 40 respectively. There remains also a small market for Pneumatic Tyre
Rollers (PTRs), a legacy of a traditional approach to road building no longer widely adopted (see
below).
Table 24. Turkey: Sales of Ride-On Compaction Equipment, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

600 966 800 741 565
Demand is inevitably dependent on government spending on road building programmes, and can
therefore vary dramatically from year to year. Self-propelled earth rollers, or single drum soil
compactors, tend to be subject to the greatest variance in demand, since they are invariably
bought in a hurry by contractors who want to buy wheeled loaders, hydraulic excavators and
44
trucks, all at the same time, because they have just won a certain job. The recent deals for over
100 rollers for use on the third Istanbul airport are a case in point.
In the aftermath of the 2001 financial crisis all new road work stopped, and sales of all types of
compactors slumped to 50 units. The picture finally began to improve by 2003 and, during the
next four years, demand surged ahead at an incredible pace as a result of the construction sector
boom, culminating in 2006 in the highest recorded level of sales, at around 700 units. The
market finally began to slow down in the second half of 2007 as government investment in road
building and infrastructure projects declined, and political and economic uncertainty took over.
Demand recovered slightly in 2009, and more strongly in 2010 as the Turkish economy began to
shake off the effects of the global financial crisis. The instigation of wide ranging construction
projects in 2011 led to an unprecedented level of growth in the compaction equipment sector, and
sales surged by over 60 per cent.
Since then, the market has been characterised by high levels in 2012 and 2013, albeit sustained
by sales to a few major projects – the third Istanbul airport, as already mentioned, and the third
Bosphorous crossing, for example. Underlying lack of certainty in the country’s politics and
economy was revealed last year as sales dropped below 600 units for the first time since 2009.
In the recent past many bituminous road surfaces were not subject to traditional hot-mix asphalt,
and therefore the demand for asphalt rollers was limited. Apart from the motorways, ring roads
and main roads, many Turkish roads were covered with tarred aggregate. In this practice the
aggregate is rolled flat with a self-propelled roller, sprayed with tar, covered with stone chips and
rolled again, with a PTR. More recently, the government highway authorities have become
aware of the limitations of this inferior substitute and have switched to hot-mix asphalt wherever
possible. As a result, demand for asphalt rollers has increased.
The analysis above excludes light compaction equipment. The markets for tampers and plates
are dominated by local producers, whose prices are often only one third of those of imported
machines. The two most popular products are the 65 kilogram tamper and the single direction
vibrating plate, in sizes from 75 to 200 kilograms. Pedestrian rollers are less popular than one
might imagine in a country where manual labour is relatively cheap, with annual sales typically
between 50 and 200 units each year, although trade association figures suggest a market of
270 units in 2014. Contractors use the small plates to compact earth after the digging of small
trenches. If they have major work to do, they prefer large rollers.
45
In the late 1990s contractors changed their practices and began to buy tandem rollers of 1.0 to
4.0 tonnes for repairing the asphalt in cities; and municipalities realised that this size was quite
adequate for the type of work which they have to do on the existing road network. A more recent
new application for small tandem rollers has been in the compaction of foundations for new
buildings. The market is currently split equally between large tandems, of which the most
popular size category are 8-10 tonne machines, and small tandems, of which the 2.5 tonne
machine predominates.
Self-propelled rollers are used exclusively for earth compaction. Demand for this type of
compactor has grown enormously during recent years. The preferred size for a small machine is
12-13 tonnes. These machines can be used by all types of contractor, large and small, and it is in
this area where the greatest price competition arises, even if there is no local manufacturer. This
sector accounts for around two thirds of total sales. The large machines, which are of 15 to
19 tonnes’ weight, are in the hands of the largest companies which can undertake the very big
road and dam projects. 19 tonnes is usually the largest size used, because it creates a machine
which is about 2.2 metres wide, the practical limit for transport by road without a police escort,
although in special cases such as airport projects machines of up to 26 tonnes can be used. The
market for 5-7 tonne machines is forecast to grow as they replace the use of small tandem rollers
in foundation compaction applications, but currently represents less than 10 per cent of the total.
Pneumatic-tyred rollers are by the nature of their design, very long-lived machines and the
replacement level is never likely to be very high. The market was traditionally between 10 and
20 units each year, although during recent years expanded to around 100 units, many of which
went abroad. Now a market of some 40 units annually is typical.
Static rollers account for approximately 5 units per year.
Production
More than 10 small producers of light equipment continue to gain a living, as they can make
products such as tampers and plates from imported components and local steel at very low prices.
As such it is very difficult for the established suppliers to compete against them. The most
prominent of these is Palme, based in Ankara, which manufactures a wide variety of light
compaction equipment ranging from vibrating plates to 2.8 tonne tandem rollers. The company
was established in 1996 and exports its products to 26 countries in Europe, Middle East, Russia
and the CIS countries.
46
Market Shares
Table 25. Turkey: Suppliers of Compaction Equipment

and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Bomag 235 32 225 40
Hamm 187 25 113 20
Atlas Copco 45 6 65 12
Ammann 120 16 41 7
JCB 37 5 23 4
Volvo 22 3 18 3
Wacker Neuson - - 18 3
Hyundai - - 9 2
Liugong 10 1 6 1
XCMG 4 1 2 -
Total 741 100 565 100
Bomag is still with Karyer, part of the Tatmak group, a dealer that concentrates on the heavier
types of compaction equipment. It sells some tampers and plates, but has strong competition
from local manufacturers like Dalca, Matsun and Palme. It has long maintained a market share
of 40 per cent or above, a position it managed to return to last year after a slump to just 32 per
cent in 2013. One trump card it possesses after such a long period of prominence is the value of
its machines in the second hand market, which in turn is a major strength in sales of new models.
Hamm’s presence in the compaction sector has increased significantly since the establishment of
the Wirtgen subsidiary company in Ankara. It is now the leading challenger to Bomag, doing
slightly better in the soil-compaction sector than the tandem roller sector.
Atlas Copco has made significant progress recently, thanks to the renewed focus of its dealer,
Enka. This has largely come at the expense of Caterpillar, which nevertheless benefits from its
ability to put together large package deals of assorted equipment, and Ammann, sales having
been affected by the recent transition to a new dealer.
JCB, Volvo and Wacker Neuson are all active in this sector, while the significance of package
deals to major suppliers has lead Hyundai to establish an OEM agreement with Atlas of
Germany to allow it to provide own-brand machines to sell alongside its excavators and other
products.
47
The presence of several Chinese manufacturers was a growing feature of the market at the time
of the last report. Nevertheless, even the ability of LiuGong and XCMG to sell machines at up
to 50 per cent below the price of Western manufacturers’ machines has not facilitated a
subsequent expansion of their presence in the sector.
Table 26. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Compaction Equipment, 2015

Ammann TSM Global LiuGong Uygunlar
Atlas Copco Enka Palme Direct Sales
Bomag Karyer Volvo Ascendum
Caterpillar Borusan Makina Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson
Hamm Wirtgen Ankara XCMG Özmak Makina
JCB SIF JCB
Table 27. Turkey: Population of Ride-on Compaction Equipment by Type of User, 2015
Units %
General Contractors 4,200 47
Road Contractors 3,000 33
State Authorities 1,000 11
Municipalities 500 6
Road Surfacing Specialists 300 3
Total 9,000 100
There are about 3,000 tandem asphalt rollers and 5,500 self-propelled rollers in use; the
remainder of the existing fleet is made up of static or PTR machines. The lighter types are
impossible to count, but it is an indication of the relative historical unpopularity of the pedestrian
type that one cannot estimate its population at any more than 1,000 machines today, a very small
amount given their low purchase price and capacity for work, and notwithstanding the relatively
high levels of sales recorded last year.
In the past, the state organisations like the highways and rural services authorities were the main
buyers, especially for the large machines, and typically accounted for around 60 per cent of
overall sales. These machines also went in large numbers to the State Hydraulic Works for dams
48
and irrigation canals. Increasingly, however, private contractors have become the main end-users
of compaction equipment and sub-contract their services to the government and local
municipalities. There is also some evidence of a still small but growing segment of the market
made up of specialist compaction rental companies such as Kromyol.
Forecast to 2019
Demand for asphalt and soil compactors has been extremely healthy was lower than expected last
year given an assumed annual average market of at least 700 machines. This reflects the extent
to which sales of these products are related closely to the confidence of contractors in the
economy and the government’s budgetary and spending plans, both of which are closely linked.
Nevertheless, there is a huge amount of outstanding infrastructure and road building projects to
complete over the next 20 years, much of which will require the use of soil and asphalt
compactors. The forecast does, however, assume the release of the requisite funding by the
government and the maintenance of economic and political stability in the country.
Table 28. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Compaction Equipment, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

650 600 700 750 800
Machines Available
Table 29. Turkey: Compaction Equipment Available, 2015
Operating
Weight Engine Product
Type/Manufacturer Model (Tonnes) HP Manufacturer Source
Tandem
Ammann ARX12 1.5 18 Yanmar Switzerland
ARX16 1.6 18 Yanmar Switzerland
(continued)
49
Table 29. Turkey: Compaction Equipment Available, 2015 (continued)
Operating
Ammann AV70X 6.9 80 Cummins Czech Republic
(continued) AV70-2 7.3 84 Cummins Czech Republic
AV80X 7.6 80 Cummins Czech Republic
AV85-2 8.6 84 Cummins Czech Republic
Atlas Copco CC800 1.6 23 Perkins Sweden

CC900 1.6 23 Perkins Sweden
CC900S 1.6 23 Perkins Sweden
CC1000 1.7 23 Perkins Sweden
CC1100 2.4 35 Kubota Sweden
CC1100C 2.3 35 Kubota Sweden
CC2200 7.7 99 Deutz Sweden
CG2300 8.5 99 Deutz Sweden
CG3200 8.1 99 Deutz Sweden
CC4200 10.2 130 Cummins Sweden
Bomag BW80AD-5 1.5 20 Kubota Germany

BW90AD-5 1.6 20 Kubota Germany
BW90SC-5 1.6 20 Kubota Germany
BW100ADM-5 1.7 20 Kubota Germany
BW100SC-5 2.4 33 Kubota Germany
BW100ACH 2.3 33 Kubota Germany
BW120AC-4 2.4 33 Kubota Germany
BW125AC-4 3.0 33 Kubota Germany
BW135AD 3.6 46 Deutz Germany
BW138AC-5 4.3 46 Deutz Germany
BW141AD-4 6.9 80 Deutz Germany
BW151AC-4 9.8 84 Cummins Germany
BW203AD 13.2 134 Deutz Germany
(continued)
50
Operating
Caterpillar CB14B 1.6 22 Caterpillar France
CB22 2.5 34 Caterpillar France
CB34XW 4.2 46 Caterpillar France
CD44B 7.4-8.4 100 Caterpillar France
CB44B 8.2-9.3 100 Caterpillar France
CD54B 9.0-10.1 131 Caterpillar France
CB54B 9.7-10.7 131 Caterpillar France
Hamm HD8VV 1.4 21 Hatz Germany

HD10CVV 1.6 21 Hatz Germany
HD10VV 2.3 30 Hatz Germany
HD70 7.3 86 Deutz Germany
HD070V ASC 7.7 86 Deutz Germany
DV65VV 7.9 87 Deutz Germany
HD75.4 ASC 8.0 86 Deutz Germany
HD075V ASC 8.1 86 Deutz Germany
HD+90VV 9.4 136 Deutz Germany
HD090V 9.6 136 Deutz Germany
HD90.4 ASC 9.8 136 Deutz Germany
JCB Vibromax VMT160 1.6 23 Kubota Germany

VMT380/430 3.8-4.3 46 Kohler Germany
VMT860 8.7 85 JCB Germany
Volvo DD15 1.5 20 Kubota USA

DD25 2.5 33 Kubota Germany
DD85 8.7 81 Deutz Germany
DD95 9.6 81 Deutz Germany
Wacker Neuson RD16-90/100 1.5 23 Lombardini Germany

RD27-100/120 2.6-2.8 33 Perkins Germany
(continued)
51
Operating
Single Drum Vibratory
Ammann RW1805 2.1 41 Lombardini Germany
RW1815 2.3 41 Lombardini Germany
RW3005 3.2 50 Kubota Germany
RW5005 4.8 69 Kubota Germany
ASC70 7.1 101 Cummins Czech Republic
Atlas Copco CA1300D 5.0 74 Deere Sweden

CA1300PD 5.0 74 Deere Sweden
CA1500D 7.0 74-100 Cummins Sweden
CA1500PD 7.0 74-100 Cummins Sweden
CA2800D 12.2 131 Cummins Sweden
CA4000PD 13.3 161 Cummins Sweden
CA6000PD 19.3 203 Cummins Sweden
Bomag BW124DH-3 3.3 44 Deutz Germany

BW145DH-3 3.4 44 Deutz Germany
BW177D-4/DH-4 7.4-7.5 75-101 Deutz Germany
BW211D-4 11.0 131 Deutz Germany
BW213D-4/DH-4 12.5 131-153 Deutz Germany
BW216D-4/DH-4 15.7 153-201 Deutz Germany
(continued)
52
Operating
Caterpillar CS44 7.0 101 Caterpillar France
CP54 12.4 132 Caterpillar France
CS54/CS54XT 12.4 130 Caterpillar France
CS56 12.6 158 Caterpillar France
CS68B 14.3 157 Caterpillar France
CS78B 18.7 174 Caterpillar France
CS76/CS76XT 18.9 177 Caterpillar France
Hamm H11i 11.5 141 Deutz Germany

H11iP 11.9 141 Deutz Germany
H13i 13.0 141 Deutz Germany
H13i Vio 12.7 141 Deutz Germany
HD13VT 3.5 40 Hatz Germany
HD14VT 3.8 40 Hatz Germany
HD70K 7.0 86 Deutz Germany
DV65TV 7.5 87 Deutz Germany
JCB Vibromax VM 46D/PD 4.6 60 Cummins Germany

VM 75D/PD 7.3 84 JCB Germany
VM 166D/PD 16.4 173 Cummins Germany
VM 200D/PD 19.7 173 Cummins Germany
LiuGong 612H 12.3 150 Cummins Germany
Volvo SD130 12.8 162 Cummins Germany

(continued)
53
Operating
XCMG XS122 12.0 125 Perkins China
Pneumatic-Tyred Rollers
Ammann AP240H 9.9-9.4 99 Cummins Czech Republic
Atlas Copco CP142 6.0 99 Cummins Sweden

CP224 9.5 99 Cummins Brazil
CP274 10.8 99 Cummins Brazil
Bomag BW24R 10.0 95 Cummins Germany

BW24RH 8.7 99 Deutz Germany
BW27RH 13.2 99 Deutz Germany
Caterpillar CW34 10.0 131 Caterpillar USA
Hamm GRW280i-10 9.3 114 Deutz Germany

GRW280i-12 11.6 114 Deutz Germany
Volvo PT240R 26.0 99 Cummins Germany
Static
Hamm HW90B/10 10.7 77 Deutz Germany
HW90B/12 12.5 77 Deutz Germany
Dynapac CS142 13.2 99 Cummins Sweden
CRAWLER DOZERS
Demand for crawler dozers has essentially remained stable at around 100 units annually due to
the on-going requirement for road and railway construction and for the removal of overburden in
the coal mining sector and, to a lesser extent, in copper, gold and silver mines. Such variation as
does occur in the market is due to the periodic starting of specific major projects. Of particular
significance to dozer sales in the recent past has been the third Istanbul airport. Sales of dozers
to this one project accounted for roughly half of all those recorded in the country last year. It
might be argued that this high proportion of sales going to one project masks a decline in the
54
‘real’ market. However, the ‘reality’ of the current domestic construction machinery market is
that such major projects constitute a significant if irregular source of machine sales, and must
therefore not be dismissed as misleading one-offs.
The predominant size of dozer sold in Turkey is of 310 or 350 horsepower, typified by the
Caterpillar D8 and Komatsu D155, which is the class of machine most frequently specified by
the coal mining industry and by contractors working on highway or dam construction. There is
also growing demand for 250 horsepower dozers in the Caterpillar D7 or Komatsu D85 class for
use on smaller road construction and maintenance projects, or for layering of overburden.
Dozers tend to be specified fairly simply, with the customer looking for robustness more than
sophistication. In nearly all cases the dozer is used for ripping duties and the removal of very
hard surface materials as opposed to light duty earthmoving applications, which are typically
carried out by graders, wheeled loaders or hydraulic excavators. As a result there is little or no
demand for 150 horsepower dozers in the Caterpillar D6 class.
Table 30. Turkey: Sales of Crawler Dozers, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

84 101 99 95 125
Market Shares
Caterpillar has traditionally been the largest supplier of crawler dozers to Turkey and is
particularly successful in the high horsepower categories with its D8 and D9 machines.
Komatsu is an effective challenger to Caterpillar and has begun to recoup some of the ground
lost earlier in the decade as a result of unfavourable currency exchange rates which rendered its
Japanese sourced machines less competitive. In recent years its dealer, Temsa, has adopted a
specific marketing policy directed at large Turkish contracting companies working abroad, and at
the domestic mining and quarrying sectors.
Liebherr machines were sold until the beginning of 2008 by the company which used to
represent Caterpillar, namely Çukurova Ithalat. Liebherr has now established its own subsidiary
company in Turkey, although secures only a small volume of incremental sales.
55
Table 31. Turkey: Suppliers of Crawler Dozers and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Komatsu 31 33 40 32
Liebherr 2 2 2 2
LiuGong 7 7 - -
Total 95 100 125 100
The only other active supplier is LiuGong, which is confident of increasing its presence in the
sector, having already sold four units in 2015.
Table 32. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Crawler Dozers, 2015
Manufacturer Supplier
Caterpillar Borusan Makina
Komatsu Temsa
Liebherr Liebherr Turkey
LiuGong Uygunlar
Approximately 3,000 crawler dozers are still active in Turkey, if one assumes that many of the
machines bought by the government in the middle of the 1980s are still in operation. Since 1990
nearly all the new machines purchased have gone to the private sector, which tends to use them
for the duration of a contract and then scrap them.
Table 33. Turkey: Population of Crawler Dozers by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Government Directorates 1,800 60
Civil Engineering 900 30
Mining 300 10
Total 3,000 100
56
Forecast to 2019
Table 34. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Crawler Dozers, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

125 90 100 125 140
The dozer market is traditionally a stable sector due to regular replacement demand from the
mining industry and road building contractors. The massive programme of proposed
infrastructure projects due to be completed by 2023 should help to sustain dozer sales at
relatively healthy levels for the next five years at least, though the market will undoubtedly
fluctuate from year to year depending on the timing of certain big projects.
Machines Available
Table 35. Turkey: Crawler Dozers Available, 2015

Manufacturer Model HP Manufacturer (Tonnes) Source
Caterpillar D4K-2 XL/LGP 92 Caterpillar 8.2 Japan
D5K-2 XL/LGP 104 Caterpillar 9.3 Japan
D6N XL/LGP 151 Caterpillar 16.6 France
D6T/WH 207 Caterpillar 20.9 France
D7E/WH 237 Caterpillar 26.7 USA
D8T/WH 313 Caterpillar 39.8 USA
D11T 858 Caterpillar 104.3 USA
Komatsu D37EX/PX-22 91 Komatsu 8.3-8.7 Japan

D51EX/PX-22 133 Komatsu 12.8-13.1 Brazil
D61EX/PX-23 169 Komatsu 17.8-18.7 Brazil
D65EX/PX-17 219 Komatsu 22.6-22.9 Japan
D85EX/PX-15 261 Komatsu 27.7-28.1 Japan
D155AX-6 354 Komatsu 39.5 Japan
D275AX-5 452 Komatsu 49.9 Japan
D375A-6 636 Komatsu 71.6 Japan
D475A-5 900 Komatsu 108.0 Japan
D575 1,150 Komatsu 131.4 Japan
Liebherr PR714 121 Liebherr 11.8-13.6 Austria

PR724 161 Liebherr 16.7-19.5 Austria
(continued)
57
Table 35. Turkey: Crawler Dozers Available, 2015 (continued)

Liebherr PR744 248 Liebherr 24.6-31.7 Austria
(continued) PR754 335 Liebherr 34.9-40.8 Austria
LiuGong CLGB160 170 Weichai 16.6 China

CLGB161 180 Weichai 18.9 China
CLGB230 220 Cummins 23.5 China
CLGB320 325 Cummins 35.9 China
CRAWLER LOADERS
Table 36. Turkey: Sales of Crawler Loaders, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

12 19 8 7 7
Until the late 1980s the crawler loader was the favourite general purpose loading and excavating
machine for all work – whether in the public sector or the private. The government bought
hundreds of them in the 1980s but then, as those tenders disappeared the private sector
reappraised the tasks which they performed and came out in favour of hydraulic excavators for
the excavating work.
By the mid-1990s interest in buying new machines fell to an extremely low level and the market
collapsed to under 20 units per year, a level from which it has not recovered. Users carried on
rebuilding some of the existing machines, for the population largely consists of Caterpillar
models 955 and 953 for which parts are easily obtained.
58
Market Shares
Table 37. Turkey: Suppliers of Crawler Loaders and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Liebherr 1 14 1 14
Total 7 100 7 100
Caterpillar has historically been the largest supplier of crawler loaders to Turkey, and the
company has a very long history with the product since the days when the domestic manufacturer
Çukurova used to produce Caterpillar crawler loaders under licence. This has continued with
Borusan Makina, the new dealer, which continues to pick up replacement business with those
few who stay loyal to the machine. The only other supplier active in the sector is Liebherr,
which has achieved a nominal number of sales over the years.
Table 38. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Crawler Loaders, 2015
Manufacturer Supplier
Caterpillar Borusan Makina
In the 1990s the population of crawler loaders halved to around 1,500, admittedly old, machines
at work in various parts of the country. There are now only around 100-150 machines working
which are 10 years old or less (as opposed to 500 in 1998) and an indeterminate number of
machines from 10 to 15 years old, perhaps 500 surviving. The alternative offered by the
hydraulic excavator has virtually wiped out demand for the crawler loader, in Turkey as in
almost every European market.
59
The main users now are private contractors.
Table 39. Turkey: Population of Crawler Loaders by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Industry 100 20
Government Directorates 75 15
Army 50 10
Quarries and Mines 25 5
Total 500 100
Forecast to 2019
The steel industry needs crawler loaders in slag collection and disposal, with many small electric
arc furnaces around the coast still processing European scrap metal into steel wire.
Municipalities need them on refuse tips and some contractors need them on difficult ground.
Sales will probably be relatively constant over the next five years, though at a very low level as
the public sector is unlikely to return to the market.
Table 40. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Crawler Loaders, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

10 7 8 10 15
Machines Available
Table 41. Turkey: Crawler Loaders Available, 2015

Caterpillar 953D 148 Caterpillar 15.6 France
963D 189 Caterpillar 21.4 France
973D 263 Caterpillar 28.0 France
Liebherr LR624 143 Liebherr 16.9-18.6 Austria

LR634 175 Liebherr 20.8-22.7 Austria
60
DUMP TRUCKS
Table 42. Turkey: Sales of Dump Trucks by Type, 2010-2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Units % Units % Units % Units % Units %
Articulated 29 100 96 100 19 100 13 57 68 92
Rigid - - - - - - 10 43 6 8
Total 29 100 96 100 19 100 23 100 74 100
Articulated Dump Trucks
Interest in using articulated dump trucks in quarrying or civil engineering has not yet developed
in Turkey. The reason is that potential users prefer locally produced on/off-highway trucks,
which cost around a quarter of the price of an articulated dump truck. Indeed many of the mines
and quarries do not regard the articulated dump truck as an important item of machinery, and
prefer to invest their capital in crawler excavators and wheeled loaders. The true articulated
dump truck is, nevertheless, known and appreciated in certain restricted applications. It began in
tunnelling and mining applications, and its use subsequently spread to the road building and
quarry sectors, although in reality the volumes remain very low.
Typically, around 90 per cent of the demand for new machines, predominantly 30 tonne capacity
trucks, comes from the large marble quarries, whilst a small number of trucks are bought by
silver and gold mines. Limestone and crushed rock quarries and smaller mines use exclusively
on/off-highway trucks. Annual sales of new articulated dump trucks average just 10-15 units,
although the total market equates to up to 100 units, made up almost entirely of second-hand
Volvo, Caterpillar and Bell trucks.
As with the market for crawler dozers, the only exception to this long term average comes from
specific projects. The unusually large volume of new articulated trucks sold in 2011 was due to a
single order for 70 Volvo units from the Yildizlar SSS Holdings silver mine, while last year’s
peak was due to Volvo’s success in supplying machines to the third Istanbul airport.
61
Rigid Dump Trucks
In the middle of the 1980s, Turkey was one of the biggest markets in the world for rigid dump
trucks, as TKI, the state lignite operator, and Etibank in hard coal, invested heavily. In the 1990s
orders for rigid trucks still came, but for smaller machines for road making projects or dams.
Nearly all sales were trucks of 35 or 37 tonnes’ payload.
Since 2000 the loss making mines have been restructured and either partially-sold to private
operators or at least a lot more reliant on the use of contractors, neither favouring the use of rigid
dumpers. Today, both the quarrying and marble mining sectors are characterised by small,
family-owned concerns who favour off-highway trucks, such as those built by Astra and Iveco,
due to their cheaper purchasing and maintenance costs in comparison to rigid dump trucks.
These trucks are typically operated for an average of two years and are then scrapped.
As a result, only a handful of rigid trucks above 100 tonnes operate in the mining sector; in
nearly all cases the machines are very old and are regularly refurbished. Demand for new rigid
trucks is therefore essentially minimal, although 2007 was an exceptional year in that an order
for 25 rigid dump trucks was secured by the Caterpillar dealer, Borusan.
Market Shares
Table 43. Turkey: Suppliers of Dump Trucks and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Articulated Rigid Articulated Rigid
Units % Units % Units % Units %
Volvo 11 84 - - 63 93 - -
Caterpillar 1 8 6 60 3 4 3 50
Komatsu - - 4 40 - - 3 50
Bell 1 8 - - 2 3 - -
Total 13 100 10 100 68 100 6 100
Volvo is the dominant presence in the articulated dump truck market, and in 2014 successfully
secured a single order for 63 trucks to the third Istanbul airport project. The remainder of sales
are usually split between Bell and Caterpillar, with occasional sales achieved by Komatsu.
62
Table 44. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Dump Trucks, 2015
Manufacturer Importer Manufacturer Importer

Bell Enka Liebherr Liebherr Turkey
Caterpillar Borusan Makina Terex Dizel Turbo
Doosan SANKO Makina Volvo Ascendum
Komatsu Temsa
The import of second hand articulated dump trucks means the existing fleet is significantly
higher than could be deduced from looking at the market for new sales alone. Taking this into
account, the active population is estimated at around 500 machines.
There is a large stock of old rigid dump trucks in the country left over from the work building the
Atatürk dam and others in the GAP area, estimated to be in the region of 600 units. There are
probably only about 200 machines which were imported as new units and are younger than these.
Forecast to 2019
Table 45. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Dump Trucks by Type, 2015-2019
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Articulated 15 65 12 71 12 71 15 75 15 65
Rigid 8 35 5 29 5 29 5 25 8 35
Total 23 100 17 100 17 100 20 100 23 100
There is little evidence to suggest that the pattern of demand for articulated dump trucks will
alter significantly in the foreseeable future despite the projected increase in infrastructure
construction. Specialist on/off-highway trucks will continue to represent a more viable
alternative for the quarry owners, and the market can be expected to remain at 10-15 units per
year.
63
Rigid trucks face a future as uncertain as the past, with orders arriving irregularly. Again, the use
of much cheaper on/off-highway trucks predominates in the quarrying and marble sectors, and it
is therefore unlikely that any significant sales of rigid trucks will be made within the forecast
period.
Machines Available
Table 46. Turkey: Articulated Dump Trucks Available, 2015
Payload Engine Product

Manufacturer Model (Tonnes) Manufacturer HP Source
Bell B18E 204 Mercedes-Benz 18.0 South Africa
B25E 272 Mercedes-Benz 24.0 Germany
B30E 311 Mercedes-Benz 28.0 Germany
B35D 389 Mercedes-Benz 32.5 Germany
Caterpillar 725C 303 Caterpillar 23.6 UK

730C 370 Caterpillar 28.0 UK
730 EJ 370 Caterpillar 28.0 UK
735B 447 Caterpillar 32.7 UK
740B 484 Caterpillar 39.5 UK
740B EJ 484 Caterpillar 38.0 UK
Doosan DA30 362 Scania 28.0 Norway

DA40 497 Scania 40.0 Norway
Komatsu HM300-3 332 Komatsu 28.0 Japan

HM350-2 408 Komatsu 32.3 Japan
HM400-3 473 Komatsu 40.0 Japan
Liebherr TA230 367 Liebherr 30.0 Germany
Terex Trucks TA250 315 Cummins 25.0 UK

TA300 370 Cummins 28.0 UK
TA400 444 DDC 38.0 UK
Volvo A25F 315 Volvo 24.0 Sweden

A30F 357 Volvo 28.0 Sweden
A35F/FS 438 Volvo 33.5 Sweden
A40F/FS 465 Volvo 39.0 Sweden
64
Table 47. Turkey: Rigid Dump Trucks Available, 2015
Payload Engine Product

Manufacturer Model (Tonnes) Manufacturer HP Source
Caterpillar 770 476 Caterpillar 36.3 USA
770G 476 Caterpillar 38.6 USA
772 543 Caterpillar 45.0 USA
789D 1,771 Caterpillar 181.0 USA
793F 2,478 Caterpillar 227.0 USA
Hitachi EH1100-3 697 Detroit Diesel 64.9 Canada

EH1700-3 1050 Detroit Diesel 95.2 Canada
EH3500AC II 2,000 Cummins 168.0 Japan
EH4000AC II 2,500 Cummins 222.0 Japan
EH5000AC II 2,700 Detroit Diesel 296.0 Japan
Komatsu HD325-7 518 Komatsu 36.5 Japan

HD405-7 518 Komatsu 40.0 Japan
HD785-7 1,200 Komatsu 91.0 Japan
Terex Trucks TR35 348 Cummins 31.8 UK

TR45 495 Cummins 41.0 UK
HYDRAULIC EXCAVATORS
Table 48. Turkey: Sales of Hydraulic Excavators by Type, 2010-2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Crawler 2,120 91 3,043 91 3,542 93 3,948 94 3,019 93
Wheeled 197 9 286 9 260 7 235 6 230 7
Total 2,317 100 3,329 100 3,802 100 4,183 100 3,249 100
65
Prior to 2005 the market for hydraulic excavators moved between 1,000 and 1,500 units
annually, faltering only in the aftermath of the 2001 financial crisis before recovering in 2004 to
1,700 units.
The subsequent three years saw extraordinary growth in demand, specifically for crawler
excavators, as a result of several factors. Dramatic growth in the economy and sustained political
stability both acted to bolster business confidence and willingness to invest in new machinery. In
addition, considerable government investment and Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in the
country’s construction sector, particularly large infrastructure projects and energy related projects
such as dams, hydro-electric power plants and wind farms, created an immediate demand for
hydraulic excavators. By 2007 the market had reached its highest recorded level of nearly
3,800 units, and well over double the volume just three years earlier.
In 2008 the government implemented a dramatic rise in the VAT rate on leasing contracts from
one per cent to 18 per cent, although this was subsequently dropped to eight per cent for backhoe
loaders and crawler excavators following lobbying from the domestic manufacturers. However,
the damage was already done and sales of excavators collapsed by 44 per cent. The onset of the
global financial crisis towards the end of 2008 merely accentuated the problem, and in 2009
demand fell by a further 42 per cent to reach its lowest level since 2003, just 1,100 units.
The first shoots of recovery emerged in the last quarter of 2009 and, following strong growth in
the domestic economy coupled with the instigation of many new infrastructure projects, the
market posted robust growth of 88 per cent in 2010. This development continued in 2011
underpinned by a buoyant construction sector and, by the end of the year, sales had risen by a
further 44 per cent to exceed 3,000 units once more.
In 2012 sales of crawler excavators recorded a further rise of 14 per cent compared to 2011, a
feat that was then followed by another 10 per cent expansion in 2013. This lead to a new record
annual sales figure well in excess of 4,000 units. Unfortunately, confidence in the economy and
therefore in the wisdom of continuing to invest in new machines at such a rate was then
undermined by fears over the budget deficit and exchange rate, exacerbated by growing political
uncertainty. The subsequent 22 per cent fall in sales last year was inevitably received with
disappointment, though overall sales remained at a historically high level and comparable with
those seen in the then boom year of 2011.
66
Crawler Excavators
Table 49. Turkey: Sales of Crawler Excavators by Weight Category, 2014
Tonnes Units %
10-15 91 3
15-19 30 1
20-22 450 15
22-27 364 12
27-32 696 23
32-40 809 27
40-50 424 14
Over 50 155 5
Total 3,019 100
There is very little demand for small crawler excavators under 19 tonnes, and the 20 tonne
machine is the most popular size for a “small” public works machine accounting for around
15 per cent of overall demand. They are typically used for road widening and site preparation for
commercial and industrial property.
Civil engineering applications have sustained the market for machines from 24 to 50 tonnes and
this sector now accounts for around three quarters of overall sales. The single largest selling
category of machine remains the 30 tonne crawler excavator, although there has been an
increasing trend towards the use of bigger and more fuel efficient machines in the 35-40 tonne
class, in which the 35 tonne crawler predominates. This development has come about partly as a
consequence of the use of larger trucks for carrying spoil, but also as a result of the greater
number of large infrastructure projects recently initiated that require the use of heavier
excavators.
There is also a healthy demand for 40-50 tonne machines, particularly from the coal mining and
marble quarry sectors, whilst the larger mines use excavators up to 70 tonnes.
Wheeled Excavators
Wheeled excavators have never achieved a significant measure of popularity due to the
preponderance in Turkey of the ubiquitous backhoe loader. The bulk of sales are now confined
to machines from 17-20 tonnes and the market in good years equates to only around 300 units.
Wheeled excavators over 20 tonnes exceed the weight limits for driving on the roads, although
67
they can be carried on low loaders, of course. They are more likely to be put to work in timber
yards and on metal scrap processing. They are sold with extra-long booms and magnets, grabs or
clamshells, and sales do not depend on construction.
Production
Table 50. Turkey: Production of Hydraulic Excavators by Manufacturer, 2012-2014
2012 2013 2014

Units % Units % Units %
Hidromek
– Crawler 715 83 843 89 615 88
– Wheeled 125 15 86 9 59 9
Çukurova 20 2 20 2 20 3
Total 860 100 949 100 694 100
Hidromek and Çukurova are the only manufacturers building hydraulic excavators in Turkey.
Although Çukurova terminated the production of Liebherr crawler and wheeled excavators at its
Mersin plant in 2007, it has begun limited production of a single model of crawler excavator
under its own brand name at its Çumitas plant, near Adana.
Hidromek currently produces four crawler excavator models ranging from 15 to 37 tonnes and
two wheeled excavators with service weights of 15 and 21 tonnes. Starting within a size that is
very popular in the region, it launched a 22 tonne crawler type, with a Cummins engine and
classic Japanese hydraulic system in 2002, followed by the wheeled type, on a European base but
with the same hydraulic system, in 2003. In 2005 it began to offer an alternative of a Mitsubishi
engine in the crawler excavator but a more significant introduction came in 2006, in the form of
the 31 tonne 300LC. Three years later, in 2009, came the launch of the 37 tonne type, the
370LC, at the same time as the second wheeled excavator, the 15 tonne 140W. At the end of
2010 production of a crawler equivalent, the 140LC began.
More recently, Hidromek has put into action its plan to expand its range even further into the
important 50 tonne sector, central to the award of large ‘package’ deals for some customers. A
first production machine was displayed at this year’s Intermat machinery exhibition in Paris.
Çukurova began limited production of a single 23 tonne crawler excavator in 2008, which sells
in very small quantities.
68
A full description of both companies’ manufacturing operations is contained within the
Manufacturer Profiles section of this report.
Component Sourcing
Table 51. Turkey: Component Sourcing for Hydraulic Excavators, by Manufacturer 2015
Çukurova Hidromek
Axles - NAF, ZF
Buckets In-house In-house
Cabs In-house Hisarlar
Chassis In-house In-house
Control Valves Parker, Bosch Rexroth, David Brown, Doosan Toshiba, Kayaba
Engines John Deere Mitsubishi, Isuzu
Hydraulic Motors Bosch Rexroth Travel motors: Teijin Seiki, Bosch Rexroth
Swing motors: Toshiba
Hydraulic Pumps Eaton, Bosch Rexroth, Kawasaki, David Brown Kawasaki
Transmissions - ZF (wheeled)
Tyres - LasSA
Undercarriages In-house In-house
Market Shares
Crawler Excavators
The crawler excavator sector is arguably the most competitive area in the whole construction
equipment market. The quality of the representation is very important but every supplier is
prepared to admit, off the record, that this is a product where it is extremely difficult to build up
customer loyalty. Winning market share inevitably takes into account favourable pricing,
whatever the qualities of the product and its supplier. The result is that even the best established
of OEMs can find their performance in Turkey varying wildly from one year to another, all the
more so in the past three years during which there have been significant currency fluctuations.
Hidromek has increased its market share significantly during the last two years as the
acceptance of its product has grown. Whilst its domestic manufacturer status undeniably enables
it to operate a more competitive pricing policy than many other suppliers reliant on imported
products, one must also acknowledge the fact that the company has strived hard to improve the
quality, technological development and reliability of its machines in recent years. Furthermore,
the growing population of Hidromek excavators has ensured that their residual values have
become more robust, which has also helped to stimulate sales; indeed, this is an essential aspect
of the market. Government tender contracts remain an important source of business for
69
Hidromek and the company has forged close links with local municipalities’ buying departments
which understandably favour purchasing machines from domestic manufacturers.
Table 52. Turkey: Suppliers of Crawler Excavators and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Hidromek 798 20 616 20
Hitachi 579 15 493 16
Hyundai 496 13 343 11
Volvo 377 10 287 10
Komatsu 342 9 233 8
Doosan 193 5 161 5
Sumitomo 456 12 158 5
JCB 92 2 71 2
Liebherr 65 2 50 2
LiuGong 37 1 37 1
XCMG - - 34 1
Kobelco - - 24 1
Others* 37 1 93 3
Total 3,948 100 3,019 100
* Includes Kubota, Takeuchi, New Holland, Case, Wacker Neuson, Bobcat, Çukurova, Kato,
Mecalac and Zoomlion
Hitachi has traditionally been one of the strongest suppliers of crawler excavators, although the
appreciation of the Japanese Yen after 2009 affected the competitiveness of the product, resulting
in a significant loss of market share in 2010 and 2011. More recently, however, the pendulum
has swung back in its favour, and the reputation of the product and the brand, not to mention the
dealer, has seen it return to second place in the market. The dealer, Enka, also has the advantage
that its own construction company satisfies all its excavator requirements in-house.
Caterpillar achieved market leadership in 2011, and has remained in a typically strong position
since then.
Hyundai has enjoyed an excellent performance since the franchise was incorporated into the
HMF organisation. The dealer has worked hard to promote the Korean products to Turkish
contractors and its high quality of after-sales service, allied to aggressive pricing, has brought
dividends.
70
Volvo products are distributed by the multi-national Ascendum organisation which took over the
former Volvo subsidiary company in 2010. The new dealer has made significant advances in
promoting the Korean-sourced excavators and the company’s market share rose rapidly as a
consequence, though it has now plateaued at 10 per cent.
Wheeled Excavators
Table 53. Turkey: Suppliers of Wheeled Excavators and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Hyundai 54 23 56 24
Hidromek 53 23 49 21
Hitachi 22 9 30 13
Doosan 41 17 27 12
JCB 12 5 22 10
Liebherr 7 3 11 4
Komatsu 7 3 4 2
Volvo 5 2 2 1
Total 235 100 230 100
Hidromek and Hyundai have been the clear market leaders during recent years. Both
companies benefit from keen pricing whilst Hydromek’s status as a domestic manufacturer
enables it to secure valuable government tender contracts. The remainder of sales are shared
between a group of about eight suppliers of whom Hitachi, Caterpillar and Doosan have been
the most successful in recent times.
Table 54. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Hydraulic Excavators, 2015

Case TürkTraktör Kobelco Hasel
Caterpillar Borusan Makina Komatsu Temsa
Çukurova Çukurova Liebherr Liebherr Turkey
Doosan SANKO LiuGong Uygunlar
Hidromek Hidromek New Holland TürkTraktör
Hitachi Enka Sumitomo TSM
Hyundai HMF Volvo Ascendum
JCB SIF-JCB XCMG Ozmak
71
The life expectancy of excavators varies, although almost none are sold on with fewer than 5,000
hours on the clock. Large contractors replace excavators after five years; small and medium
contractors can keep them from eight to 10 years. There is an active second-hand market,
ensuring the continued use of machines beyond this age. Even allowing for such machines being
sold abroad – half of new sales are estimated to involve a trade-in, with dealers better placed to
sell abroad than private owners – Off-Highway Research estimates the total population of
machines at 22,000 crawler excavators, equivalent to all new sales recorded in the past eight
years, and 1,800 wheeled excavators.
Table 55. Turkey: Population of Hydraulic Excavators by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Construction
– General 11,510 48
– Civil Engineering 7,270 31
Municipalities 2,140 9
Government Directorates 1,430 6
Quarries 950 4
Rental Fleets 500 2
Total 23,800 100
The sales to the private sector have moved very much in favour of the smaller type of
sub-contractor. He can obtain leasing finance from any source relatively easily if he does not
have a bad record, and then he can go to work with his machine. His clients will be the large
companies who were the main buyers 10 years ago. Equally he may work for the state, which
owns old machines and now rarely buys new ones.
There is a small and slowly-growing fleet of rental machines, led by the captive rental fleets of
the dealers for suppliers such as Caterpillar, Komatsu and Volvo, although the majority of rental
remains rent to sell rather than rental for rental’s sake.
Forecast to 2019
The overall market for hydraulic excavators is likely to rise this year on the strength of the high
levels of public investment prior to the general elections in June, even if sales will slow in the
second half of the year. Most suppliers are confident that demand will continue to rise in the
72
medium term, notwithstanding a slightly reduction in sales next year following this year’s boost
in public sector spending. It is widely assumed that, barring any further economic or political
uncertainty, the scale of work on the horizon justifies expectations of a 30 per cent increase in
sales by the end of the forecast period.
Table 56. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Hydraulic Excavators by Type, 2015-2019
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Crawler 3,200 93 3,000 93 3,200 93 3,500 93 3,900 93
Wheeled 230 7 230 7 250 7 260 7 280 7
Total 3,430 100 3,230 100 3,450 100 3,760 100 4,180 100
The outstanding amount of infrastructure projects and energy related construction in Turkey is
enormous, and the requirement for new construction equipment is potentially very large. The
government has pledged to invest a vast amount of money in several major infrastructure projects
over the next eight years, in anticipation of the 100th anniversary in 2023 of the founding of the
Turkish Republic. Of particular significance to suppliers of hydraulic excavators is the proposed
$400 billion investment outlined for so-called Urban Transformation projects, which entail the
widespread demolition of old buildings and the modernisation of inner city areas throughout
Turkey.
Longer term development of the sector will, however, depend on several factors, most notably a
satisfactory resolution of the Syrian crisis and the Turkish government’s ability to resolve the
country’s budget deficit issues. Failure to contain the latter brings with it the very real possibility
that proposed planned construction projects will be postponed or shelved, and that investment
will be withdrawn.
Machines Available
Table 57. Turkey: Crawler Excavators Available, 2015
Service
Bobcat E62 49 Yanmar 6.1 Korea
E80 55 Yanmar 8.4 Korea
E85 60 Yanmar 8.5 Korea
(continued)
73
Table 57. Turkey: Crawler Excavators Available, 2015 (continued)
Service
Case CX75CSR 56 Isuzu 8.0 Japan
CX80CSR 56 Isuzu 8.6 Japan
CX130C 100 Isuzu 13.2 Japan
Caterpillar 311F LRR 71 Caterpillar 13.9 Japan

312F/L 94 Caterpillar 14.5 Japan
313F/LGC 70 Caterpillar 13.2 Japan
314E/LCR 89 Caterpillar 15.8 Japan
316EL 116 Caterpillar 17.6 Japan
318EL 113 Caterpillar 18.6 Japan
320EL/N/LRR 143 Caterpillar 23.6 Japan
323E/LN/SA 155 Caterpillar 24.2 Japan
324EL/LN 174 Caterpillar 29.7 Japan
329EL/LN 216 Caterpillar 31.6 Japan
335FL/LR 200 Caterpillar 38.4 Belgium
336EL/LN Hybrid 318 Caterpillar 37.0 Belgium
336FL/LN 307 Caterpillar 38.9 Belgium
349EL 396 Caterpillar 53.3 Belgium
374FL 479 Caterpillar 75.2 Belgium
390FL 532 Caterpillar 92.0 Belgium
Çukurova CMI 723 156 John Deere 23.0 Turkey
Doosan DX62R-3 49 Doosan 6.4 Belgium, Korea

DX63-3 49 Doosan 6.4 Belgium, Korea
DX85R-3 59 Doosan 8.6 Belgium, Korea
DX140LC/R-3 109 Doosan 14.5 Belgium, Korea
DX160LC-3 109 Doosan 14.4 Belgium
DX180LC-3 125 Doosan 19.1 Belgium, Korea
DX225LC-3 167 Doosan 22.8 Belgium, Korea
DX235NLC-5 166 Doosan 22.4 Belgium
DX235LCR-5 189 Doosan 24.3 Korea
DX255L-5 190 Doosan 25.5 Belgium, Korea
DX300-5 271 Doosan 30.9 Belgium, Korea
DX340-5 318 Doosan 36.2 Korea
DX380LC-5 318 Doosan 40.2 Korea
DX420LC-5 345 Doosan 42.6 Korea
(continued)
74
Service
Doosan DX490LC-5 380 Doosan 49.5 Korea
(continued) DX530LC-5 380 Doosan 52.1 Korea
Hidromek HMK 140 LC 124 Mitsubishi 14.4 Turkey

HMK 220 LC 162 Isuzu 22.6 Turkey
Hitachi ZX85US-5A 46 Yanmar 8.9 Japan

ZX85USR-5A 46 Yanmar 9.1 Japan
ZX130LCN-5B 98 Isuzu 14.9 Netherlands
ZX135US-5B 98 Isuzu 14.9 Netherlands
ZX160-5B 121 Isuzu 18.0 Netherlands
ZX180-5B 121 Isuzu 20.1 Netherlands
ZX210LCN-5B 164 Isuzu 21.6 Netherlands
ZX225US-5B 164 Isuzu 24.9 Netherlands
ZX225USR-5B 164 Isuzu 24.9 Netherlands
ZX250LC-5B 177 Isuzu 27.3 Netherlands
ZX470LCH-5 349 Isuzu 48.9 Netherlands
ZX520LHR-5B 349 Isuzu 52.5 Japan
ZX670LHR-5B 463 Isuzu 68.4 Japan
ZX870LCH-5B 532 Isuzu 86.0 Japan
Hyundai R80CR-9A 65 Yanmar 8.4 Korea

R125LCR-9A 92 Perkins 12.5 Korea
R140C-9A 116 Perkins 14.0 Korea
R145LCR-9A 124 Perkins 14.6 Korea
R160LC-9A 137 Perkins 17.8 Korea
R180LC-9A 137 Perkins 18.6 Korea
R220LC-9A 167 Cummins 21.9 Korea
R235LCR-9A 167 Cummins 23.8 Korea
JCB 65R-1 50 Perkins 6.7 UK

67C-1 50 Perkins 6.8 UK
85Z-1 65 Kohler 8.3 UK
86C-1 65 Kohler 8.6 UK
90Z-1 74 Kohler 8.6 UK
100C-1 74 Kohler 9.7 UK
(continued)
75
Service
JCB JS115 109 JCB 12.3 UK
(continued) JS130 109 JCB 13.2 UK
JS145 109 JCB 14.3 UK
JS160 125 JCB 18.4 UK
JS180 126 JCB 19.4 UK
JS190 126 JCB 20.0 UK
JS210 173 JCB 21.7 UK
JS220 173 JCB 22.5 UK
JS235HD 173 JCB 24.2 UK
JS240 188 Isuzu 26.5 UK
JS260 188 Isuzu 28.5 UK
JS330 281 Isuzu 33.4 UK
JS370 281 Isuzu 38.0 UK
Kato HD823MRIII 149 Mitsubishi 22.0 Japan
Kobelco SK210LC-9 168 Hino 22.0 Japan

SK260LC-9 177 Hino 26.4 Japan
SK350LC-9 272 Hino 36.9 Japan
Komatsu PC80MR-8 64 Komatsu 8.6 Italy

PC88MR-8 68 Komatsu 8.8 Italy
PC118MR-8 97 Komatsu 12.5 Italy
PC130-8 92 Komatsu 12.8 UK
PC138US-10 98 Komatsu 14.9 Italy
PC160LC-8 121 Komatsu 18.4 UK
PC170LC-10 121 Komatsu 17.9 Italy
PC190N/LC-8 130 Komatsu 20.0 UK
HB215LC-1 148 Komatsu 21.2 UK
HB215LC-3 148 Komatsu 23.4 UK
PC228USLC-8 156 Komatsu 23.3 UK
PC228USLC-10 165 Komatsu 24.4 UK
PC230NHD-8 156 Komatsu 24.1 UK
PC350LC-8LR 260 Komatsu 42.0 UK
Kubota KX080-4 65 Kubota 8.3 Japan

(continued)
76
Service
Liebherr R914 Compact 109 Deutz 17.2 Germany
R918 116 Liebherr 21.8 Germany
R920 129 Liebherr 23.6 Germany
R922 143 Liebherr 23.7 France
R926 Compact 163 Liebherr 28.9 France
R950SME 300 Liebherr 44.8 France
LiuGong CLG908CIII 77 Yanmar 7.7 China

CLG915LC 111 Cummins 13.5 China
Mecalac 10MSX 68 Cummins 7.1 France

12MSX 82 Cummins 9.5 France
12MTX 109 Deutz 9.7 France
714MWe 122 Deutz 15.2 France
New Holland E75CSR 56 Isuzu 7.5 Italy

E85CMSR 56 Isuzu 8.3 Italy
E135B 99 Mitsubishi 15.2 Italy
E175C 129 FPT 18.8 Italy
E385C 286 Hino 37.7 Italy
E485C 364 Hino 51.1 Italy
Sumitomo SH210LC-5 160 Isuzu 21.2 Japan

SH240-5 180 Isuzu 25.0 Japan
SH300-5 209 Isuzu 29.8 Japan
SH350HD 271 Isuzu 35.2 Japan
SH700HD-3 469 Isuzu 68.9 Japan
(continued)
77
Service
Takeuchi TB180FR 61 Yanmar 8.4 Japan
TB290 67 Yanmar 8.8 Japan
TB1140 104 Isuzu 15.4 Japan
Volvo ECR88D 58 Volvo 9.5 Germany

EC140D 116 Volvo 16.2 Germany
ECR145D 113 Volvo 16.4 Germany
EC220E 175 Volvo 25.8 Germany
ECR235D 172 Volvo 27.1 Korea
EC250E 216 Volvo 28.9 Korea
EC700C 458 Volvo 71.7 Korea
Wacker Neuson 75Z3 59 Yanmar 7.8 Austria

8003 59 Yanmar 8.1 Austria
14504 101 Deutz 15.6 Austria
Yanmar B7-5B 56 Yanmar 8.0 Japan

ViO80 55 Yanmar 8.1 Japan
SV100-2 70 Yanmar 9.6 Japan
XCMG XE80 81 Cummins 7.9 China

XE150 115 Cummins 14.5 China
Table 58. Turkey: Wheeled Excavators Available, 2015
Service
Case WX148 121 FPT 16.4 Italy
WX168 141 FPT 18.1 Italy
Caterpillar M313D 129 Caterpillar 16.2 France

M315D 137 Caterpillar 18.2 France
(continued)
78
Table 58. Turkey: Wheeled Excavators Available, 2015 (continued)
Service
Caterpillar M318D MH 169 Caterpillar 22.7 France
(continued) M318F 169 Caterpillar 19.7 France
M320F 169 Caterpillar 20.7 France
M322D MH 167 Caterpillar 25.7 France
M322D 167 Caterpillar 22.5 France
Doosan DX140W-3 132 Doosan 16.7 Korea, Belgium
DX160W-3 132 Doosan 16.7 Belgium
DX170W-5 152 Doosan 18.3 Korea
DX210W MH 162 Doosan 23.0 Korea
Hidromek HMK 140 W 124 Mitsubishi 15.8 Turkey

HMK 200 W 162 Isuzu 21.8 Turkey
Hitachi ZX140W-3 121 Isuzu 15.2 Netherlands

ZX170W-3 143 Isuzu 17.2 Netherlands
ZX190W-3 163 Isuzu 18.8 Netherlands
ZX210W 163 Isuzu 20.7 Netherlands
Hyundai R140W-9A 146 Cummins 13.7 Korea

R180W-9A 165 Cummins 17.3 Korea
R210W-9A 173 Cummins 20.5 Korea
JCB JS145W 125 JCB 17.6 UK

JS160W 125 JCB 18.2 UK
JS175W 174 JCB 18.2 UK
JS200W 174 JCB 23.8 UK
Komatsu PW98MR-8 68 Komatsu 10.3 Italy

PW118MR-8 97 Komatsu 12.9 Italy
PW148-10 121 Komatsu 16.2 Germany
Liebherr A900C Litronic 129 Liebherr 19.5 Germany

A904C Litronic 143 Liebherr 21.1 Germany
A924 Litronic 175 Liebherr 26.5 Germany
New Holland WE150B Pro 121 FPT 16.4 Italy

WE170B Pro 141 FPT 18.1 Italy
Takeuchi TB295W 95 Isuzu 9.8 Germany

(continued)
79
Table 58. Turkey: Wheeled Excavators Available, 2015 (continued)
Service
Volvo EW140D 143 Volvo 15.9 Germany
EW160D 156 Volvo 17.8 Germany
EW160E 156 Volvo 17.9 Germany
EW180E 175 Volvo 20.8 Germany
MINI EXCAVATORS
Table 59. Turkey: Sales of Mini Excavators, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

180 278 576 610 747
Traditionally, mini excavators have had to fight against the competition of manual labour, which
is very cheap, and the popularity of the ubiquitous backhoe loader, over 3,000 units of which are
sold annually. As a result, many of the OEMs present in Turkey were not interested in spending
money and time on promoting mini excavators, and subsequently the volumes sold have
traditionally been small.
During the last three years, however, sales of mini excavators have shown a considerable
increase and it is the opinion of most of the suppliers interviewed that the compact equipment
sector is set to develop significantly over the long term. Certainly, in the past five years, sales
have more than trebled. The specific demand created by forestry (see below) could be seen to
have skewed this growth and hidden a continued caution to embracing the mini excavator
concept. However, this would overlook the continued growth last year, by which time demand
for forestry-related sales had almost disappeared after projects had been completed; this alone
suggests the clear underlying potential may at last be about to be exploited.
80
As a result, and despite the widespread acceptance of the backhoe loader, there is evidence to
suggest that some contractors and municipalities are beginning to question whether the use of a
mini excavator might offer a more efficient alternative. Issues such as fuel consumption, ease of
transportation and manoeuvrability on restricted job sites, particularly in inner city areas, are
being increasingly scrutinised by operators, and the cheaper running costs of a mini excavator
represent an important consideration in a market where contract profit margins are becoming
increasingly squeezed. Awareness of whole life costs, as opposed to the initial purchase price, is
also increasing, along with an understanding of the efficiency virtues of having the right machine
for the job.
Furthermore, the slowly rising trend towards equipment rental, in particular of compact
machines, in Turkey means that rental companies are creating larger fleets containing more
diverse machine types, and this has afforded the mini excavator wider exposure than in the past.
As a consequence, more contractors have been encouraged to test the compact machinery
concept against their more traditional working practices.
More recently the use of mini excavators in the agricultural sector has also become more
widespread, as the sourcing of manual labour has become more difficult and expensive than in
past years. Machines up to 5 tonnes’ operating weight are now used on fruit farms, vineyards,
banana plantations, olive and peanut farms. They are also used in forestry for ground levelling
work and opening up of fire roads. Indeed, forestry work was a particular driver for sales from
2011 to 2013, as large terracing and plantation projects in south-east Turkey and the western
coastal region created demand for several hundred units a year, mainly 5 tonne machines. Other
areas of growing interest include maintenance and utility work in urban areas, demolition
projects and landscaping, even if the high level of manual labour is evident to anyone who
spends any time driving around Istanbul.
Finally, there is little doubt, too, that the promotional efforts of two specialist suppliers, Kubota
and Takeuchi, have done much to stimulate the rising demand for mini excavators. Their
respective dealers, Kale and Cermak, are both young and dynamic companies almost exclusively
focused on expanding the concept of compact equipment, and their aggressive marketing of the
product is likely to underpin future development of the sector. This has begun to be mirrored by
those major suppliers without a strong presence and therefore vested interest in the backhoe
loader market.
81
Production
The small size of the domestic market means there has been no desire for international
manufacturers to base production in the country. The only exception to this is the Mecalac
assembly facility in Izmir. It was opened in 2011, and is as much depot and warehouse for
imported machines as it is production plant. Only one model of the company’s range of utility
machines is made here, the 6MCR; almost all units are re-exported, and overall volumes are low
at fewer than 100 per year.
Market Shares
Table 60. Turkey: Suppliers of Mini Excavators and Their Market Share, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Kubota 162 27 191 26
Takeuchi 114 19 145 19
Wacker Neuson 24 4 104 14
Hitachi 50 8 53 7
IHIMER 17 3 45 6
Hyundai 27 4 35 5
Yanmar 28 5 29 4
Volvo 28 5 23 3
Bobcat 19 3 20 3
JCB 14 2 13 2
Liugong 27 4 13 2
XCMG - - 12 2
Doosan 6 1 8 1
Komatsu 6 1 8 1
New Holland 3 - 1 -
Total 610 100 747 100
Kubota, sold by the Kale organisation, is a relatively new entrant in the market, although it
rapidly advanced to market leader in 2011. The dealer is also an active participant in the
skid-steer loader sector with the Gehl brand. It has now succeeded in establishing Kubota in the
number one position in the market that it maintains in many countries across Europe.
The Takeuchi dealer, Cermak, only entered the sector at the beginning of 2011, although it had
previously been a sub-dealer for JCB backhoe loaders since 1997. Despite unfavourable
exchange rates against the Japanese Yen, it rapidly made its presence felt. It is now benefitting
82
from the growing brand recognition created by its strong early push into this sector, resulting in
improved second hand sales prices and increasing customer loyalty.
Wacker Neuson, distributed by its wholly-owned local subsidiary, is the third specialist brand to
have made a name for itself, thanks to a recent aggressive marketing and pricing policy. This is
followed by Hitachi, with its dealer Enka aware of the benefits of a market that is developing as
an alternative to the backhoe sector in which it has no presence, and Caterpillar, with its
expanding compact equipment rental fleet. IHIMER, from Italy, is distributed by INAN Makina
on the premise that its presence as a domestic manufacturer for the attachment business will
facilitate sales growth for both sides of the business, not least because an estimated one in two
mini excavators are sold with hammers.
Table 61. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Mini Excavators, 2015

Bobcat Hamamcioğlu Kubota Kale
Case TürkTraktör LiuGong Uygunlar
Doosan SANKO Takeuchi Cermak
Hitachi Enka Terex Hasel
IHIMER Inan Makina Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson
JCB SIF-JCB Yanmar Hidromek
Komatsu Temsa
The population at the time of the last report was estimated at around only 500 machines, most of
which were working in urban redevelopment and refurbishment programmes. With more than
1,900 sales of new machines in the three years since then, it is clear that the population of
machines has increased rapidly. There has been a particular increase in the number of machines
employed in the agricultural sector in southern Turkey, and also in forestry applications as
previously explained.
83
Table 62. Turkey: Population of Mini Excavators by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Urban Sub-Contractors 720 30
Forestry 500 21
General Contractors (incl. Demolition) 390 16
Agriculture 250 10
Rental 200 8
Landscaping Contractors 100 4
Total 2,400 100
Forecast to 2019
Table 63. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Mini Excavators, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

750 900 1,100 1,300 1,500
The outlook for compact equipment is very favourable and suppliers interviewed for the purposes
of this study were unanimous in their belief that demand for mini excavators will continue to
grow significantly in the medium to long term. Urban transformation projects will underpin
much of this growth, although agriculture can be expected to furnish increasing demand for the
product.
Whilst it is inevitable that sales of mini excavators will, to some extent, have a negative impact
on future demand for backhoe loaders, it is generally accepted that the latter will continue to play
an important role in the Turkish market. It is believed that, initially at least, many contractors
and municipalities will view the mini excavator as a useful complementary product for their
fleets, rather than necessarily as a direct replacement for the backhoe loader; this process is likely
to develop later.
The most optimistic estimates place the mini excavator market at the end of the forecast period at
2,000 units annually. At the risk of underselling the potential of this market, a more realistic
assessment is that the market will have doubled by 2019.
84
Machines Available
The table below shows the ranges available from established suppliers in Turkey. Machines with
service weights over 6 tonnes are excluded.
Table 64. Turkey: Mini Excavators Available, 2015

Manufacturer Model Manufacturer HP (Kg) Source
Bobcat E08 Kubota 10 1,138 Czech Republic
E10 Kubota 10 1,176 Czech Republic
E25 Kubota 25 2,570 USA
Case CX15B Mitsubishi 15 1,580 Italy

CX17BZTS Mitsubishi 15 1,750 Italy
CX18B Mitsubishi 15 1,780 Italy
CX26BZTS Yanmar 23 2,700 Italy
CX55B Yanmar 43 5,300 Italy
Caterpillar 300.9D Yanmar 15 935 Austria

301.4C Yanmar 20 1,790 Austria
301.6C Mitsubishi 21 1,730 Austria
303.5D CR Mitsubishi 34 3,540 Japan
304D CR Mitsubishi 45 3,855 Japan
305D CR Mitsubishi 48 4,995 Japan
305.5D CR Mitsubishi 54 5,305 Japan
Doosan DX27Z Yanmar 21 2,790 Korea

DX30Z Yanmar 24 3,180 Korea
DX35Z Yanmar 26 3,660 Korea
DX55 Yanmar 56 5,600 Korea
DX60R Yanmar 50 5,930 Korea
DX55W Yanmar 55 5,550 Korea
(continued)
85
Table 64. Turkey: Mini Excavators Available, 2015 (continued)

Hitachi ZX10-U2 Kubota 15 1,110 Japan
ZX16-3 Yanmar 14 1,770 Netherlands
ZX17U2 Yanmar 15 1,850 Japan
ZX18-3 Yanmar 14 1,930 Netherlands
ZX27-3 Kubota 26 2,790 Netherlands
ZX29U-3 Yanmar 26 3,230 Japan
Hyundai R16-9 Mitsubishi 17 1,650 Japan

R25Z-9 Mitsubishi 17 2,600 Japan
R27Z-9 Mitsubishi 24 2,880 Japan
R35Z-9 Yanmar 28 3,650 Japan
R55-9 Yanmar 57 5,650 Korea
R60CR-9 Yanmar 57 5,900 Korea
R55W-9 Yanmar 57 5,550 Korea
IHIMER 9VXE Yanmar 13 890 Italy

12VXE Yanmar 18 1,180 Italy
15VXT Yanmar 14 1,525 Italy
16VXT Yanmar 14 1,625 Italy
20VX3 Yanmar 25 2,245 Japan
55N Yanmar 56 5,405 Japan
JCB 8008CTS Perkins 12 950 UK

8010CTS Perkins 18 1,028 UK
8025ZTS Perkins 28 2,833 UK
(continued)
86

JCB 8055ZTS Perkins 46 5,500 UK
(continued) 8055RTS Perkins 46 5,500 UK
Kobelco SK35SR-5 Yanmar 30 3,720 Japan

SK55SRX-6 Yanmar 40 5,020 Japan
Komatsu PC09.1 Komatsu 9 1,080 Italy

PC14R-3 Komatsu 16 1,440 Italy
PC16R-3 Komatsu 16 1,570 Italy
PC18MR-3 Komatsu 16 1,840 Italy
Kubota KX008-3 Kubota 10 980 Japan

KX016-4 Kubota 13 1,540 Germany
KX057-4 Kubota 46 5,545 Japan
U10-3 Kubota 10 1,120 Japan
U27-4 Kubota 21 2,590 Germany
U35-3 Kubota 31 3,590 Germany
LiuGong CLG904C Yanmar 37 4,000 China

CLG906CIII Yanmar 49 6,000 China
Mecalac 6MCR Deutz 75 5,700 Turkey
New Holland E10SR Yanmar 8 1,060 Japan

E16B Yanmar 15 1,645 Italy
E18B Yanmar 15 1,720 Italy
E18SR Yanmar 15 1,650 Italy
E26B SR Yanmar 23 2,700 Italy
(continued)
87

New Holland E39B SR Yanmar 30 3,900 Italy
(continued) E45B SR Yanmar 43 4,540 Italy
Takeuchi TB108 Yanmar 9 835 Japan

TB215 R Yanmar 16 1,575 Japan
TB216 Yanmar 16 1,865 Japan
TB138 FR Yanmar 28 3,860 Japan
TB153 FR Yanmar 39 5,615 Japan
Terex TC10Z Yanmar 10 1,158 Italy

TC15Z Yanmar 15 1,679 Italy
TC16 Mitsubishi 18 1,725 Germany
TC19Z Yanmar 15 1,926 Italy
TC25Z Mitsubishi 24 2,600 Italy
TC50 Yanmar 36 5,020 Germany
Volvo EC15C Volvo 17 1,630 France

EC17C Volvo 17 1,650 France
ECR25D Volvo 21 2,490 France
ECR28 Volvo 19 2,821 France
ECR38 Volvo 28 3,437 France
Wacker Neuson 803 Yanmar 13 1,030 Austria

1404 Yanmar 18 1,530 Austria
EZ17 Yanmar 18 1,725 Austria
(continued)
88

Wacker Neuson ET18 Yanmar 18 1,745 Austria
(continued) ET20 Yanmar 18 2,025 Austria
ET24 Yanmar 18 2,210 Austria
50Z3 Yanmar 38 5,280 Austria
XCMG XE40 Yanmar 37 3,960 China

XE60 Yanmar 44 5,960 China
Yanmar SV05 Yanmar 7 690 Japan

SV08 Yanmar 10 1,035 Japan
ViO10 Yanmar 13 1,245 Japan
SV16 Yanmar 16 1,590 France
ViO17 Yanmar 14 1,740 France
MOBILE COMPRESSORS
Table 65. Turkey: Sales of Mobile Compressors, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

300 350 250 220 190
89
Demand for mobile compressors is very limited. In Turkey the machine is now a niche product
in general building construction, while in civil engineering the machines are kept for many years
and reconditioned when necessary.
Several factors have conspired to stop the market from realising its potential, briefly hinted at by
annual sales in excess of 500 units as recently as 2007, most significantly the availability of used
machines which still form a major threat to the sales of new compressors. Furthermore, much
digging of trenches is still done by hand, with city work showing little evidence of the familiar
compressor and pick combination evident in the rest of Europe. Where machines are used, the
hydraulic excavator, backhoe loader or, increasingly, mini excavator with a breaker attachment is
the preferred alternative for most contractors. The market for electrically-powered tools is also
growing.
Sales are further hindered by the fact that the concept of ice blasting is not at all prevalent, while
sand blasting is essentially limited to shipyards. Use of mobile compressors in cable laying
operations, the course of the relative boom in sales in 2010 and 2011, came to an abrupt halt in
2012 and has not resumed since. Another problem is that the concept of rental is not popular,
with unpaid bills and un-returned machines a problem for all involved. The one potential saviour
for the mobile compressor may, however, come in the form of geothermal energy projects and
water well work. This concept has assumed increasing importance in Europe in recent years, and
has become an important end-user sector for large compressors over 20 m3/min. Although this
application is not currently widespread in Turkey, suppliers believe it will become popular in the
medium to long term.
The lower end of the market, such as it exists, is represented by machines of 4.0 and 5.0 m3/min,
employed by municipalities and small contractors for repairs to roads and buildings. Machines
above that size tend to be bought only for large construction projects and for mining. More
hydraulic drills are being used than in the past in mining, and to a small extent some sectors are
simply much less promising than one might hope. The marble quarries, small and poorly
organised, tend to use diamond strings to cut the marble after making an initial hole with a drill
driven by a stationary electrically powered compressor. Other quarries use antiquated machinery
and do not think to invest regularly.
Production
There are two producers of industrial compressors. Komsan of Istanbul manufactures a range of
mobile compressors with air outputs of 4.0 m3/min to 31.0 m3/min. This company is a
90
manufacturer of industrial compressors, air tools, refrigerant pumps and air hammers and in the
1980s it built its own mobile compressors with Turkish Deutz engines and air compression
elements imported from CompAir. Production is thought to be 20 units or fewer per year and the
buyers are municipalities, inclined to support local manufacturers.
The second manufacturer is Tamsan of Ankara. The company was founded in 1980 and is a
specialist in electric compressor installations but also builds small volumes of low grade piston
compressors. Its launch of screw type models, as detailed in the machine listing below, came in
2000 but few have been made. Production in 2011 is thought to have been 30 units or fewer.
On a historical note, it is important for the current position of Atlas Copco that it did at one time
manufacture mobile compressors in a plant in Ankara, and in the 30 years up to 1989 it made
over 7,000 units. A smaller production operation was the manufacturing of around 2,500 units of
the Jenbacher mobile compressor, by Teknikel from 1977 to 1991.
Market Shares
The table below shows the estimated sales of the leading suppliers in the market.
Table 66. Turkey: Suppliers of Mobile Compressors and Their Market Share, 2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Atlas Copco 150 68 130 68
Doosan 25 11 25 13
Kaeser 20 9 15 8
CompAir 10 5 10 5
Others 15 7 10 5
Total 220 100 190 100
Atlas Copco is the market leader and has been for many years. It manufactured more than 7,000
mobile compressors in Turkey in the 1960s to 1980s, and enjoyed a market share of about 60 per
cent in that period. The company’s market share has more recently expanded to nearly 70 per
cent, and it dominates the market in virtually all the size categories in which it competes.
The remainder of the market is effectively shared between four suppliers each of whom sells
around 10-30 units annually. Of these, Doosan has achieved the highest volume of sales with its
dealer, Hamamcioğlu.
91
Table 67. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Mobile Compressors, 2015

Atlas Copco Atlas Copco Kaeser Topkapı Endüstri
CompAir Gemsa Komsan Komsan
Doosan Hamamcioğlu Tamsan Tamsan
There is a relatively large population of mobile compressors in Turkey as a result of the habit of
users of keeping the machines for 20 years and the previously higher sales volumes.
Table 68. Turkey: Population of Mobile Compressors by Type of User, 2015
Units %
General Contractors 4,800 60
Quarries 1,600 20
Municipalities and Public Authorities 800 10
Industry 400 5
Sand Blasting 400 5
Total 8,000 100
Traditionally the largest users by far are the contractors, such as the civil engineers who need
them for drills. The town and village authorities, like the smaller building firms, typically use the
3.0 and 5.0 m3/min machines.
Forecast to 2019
Although the mobile compressor will continue to fulfil a niche role in the market, there now
seems little prospect of significant future growth despite the highly favourable outlook for the
construction industry. Demand is therefore likely to stabilise at current levels for the foreseeable
future at least.
92
Table 69. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Mobile Compressors, 2015-2019
(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

190 200 200 225 250
Machines Available
Table 70. Turkey: Mobile Compressors Available, 2015
Air
Delivery Engine Weight Product
Manufacturer Model (ft3/min) HP Manufacturer (Kg) Source
Atlas Copco XAS 37 20 21 Kubota 450 Belgium
XAS 47 2.6 26-29 Kubota, Deutz 635 Belgium
XAS 67 3.7 80 Deutz 800-850 Belgium
XAS 77 4.3 80 Deutz 740 Belgium
XAS87 5.0 45 Kubota 740 Belgium
XAS 97 5.3 80 Deutz 800-850 Belgium
XAHS107 5.6 135 Kubota 1,475 Belgium
XAS127 7.2 96 Kubota 1,475 Belgium
XAS 137 7.7 96 Kubota 1,475 Belgium
XAS 186 11.1 114 Deutz 1,800 Belgium
XAS237 14.2 175 Deutz 3,000 Belgium
XAS287 17.1 175 Deutz 3,000 Belgium
Note: All the above have a working pressure of 7 bar. A range of high-pressure models is also available.
CompAir C14 1.4 17 Honda 138 Germany
C20 2.0 17 Kubota 550 Germany
C20GS 2.1 31 Kubota 655 Germany
C35-10/G 3.5 48 Yanmar 810 Germany
C38/G 3.8 48 Yanmar 895 Germany
C42/G/GS 4.2 48 Yanmar 895 Germany
C50 5.0 48 Yanmar 955 Germany
C55/G 5.5 85 Cummins 1,160 Germany
C95-12 9.5 130 Cummins 1,940 Germany
C110 11.0 130 Cummins 1,940 Germany
C125 12.5 130 Cummins 1,945 Germany
C140-9 13.3 130 Cummins 1,940 Germany
Notes: 1. All the above have a working pressure of 7 bar. A range of high-pressure models is also available.
2. Models where the name is followed by a G have a generator. Models followed by GS have a
simultaneous air and electric current capability.
(continued)
93
Table 70. Turkey: Mobile Compressors Available, 2015 (continued)
Air
Delivery Engine Weight Product
Manufacturer Model (ft³/min) HP Manufacturer (Kg) Source
Doosan 7/20 2.0 17.5 Kubota 430 Czech Republic
7/26E 2.5 21.2 Yanmar 630 Czech Republic
7/31E 3.0 26 Yanmar 650 Czech Republic
7/41 4.0 35 Yanmar 775 Czech Republic
7/51 5.0 50 Yanmar 937 Czech Republic
7/72 7.2 71 Yanmar 1,132 Czech Republic
7/120 12.0 125 John Deere 2,374 Czech Republic
7/170 17.0 173 John Deere 2,868 Czech Republic
Note: A range of higher-pressure models at 10 to 12 bar is available in various sizes from 5.6m3/min to
42.5m3/min.
Kaeser M13 1.0 21 Honda 202 Germany
M15 1.0 21 Honda 202 Germany
M17 1.0 21 Honda 202 Germany
M20 2.0 19 Kubota 457 Germany
M36 3.6 49 Kubota 1,145 Germany
M122 11.1 111 Deutz 1,865 Germany
M123 11.2 118 Deutz 1,945 Germany
M135 13.4 165 Deutz 2,500 Germany
M170 17.0 173 Deutz 2,600 Germany
M200 20.0 198 Caterpillar 3,235 Germany
M270 27.0 348 Mercedes 5,025 Germany
Note: A range of higher-pressure models at pressures from 8 to 14 bar is available in various sizes from 4.15m3/min
to 25.5m3/min.
MOBILE CRANES
Traditionally, the mobile crane market in Turkey consisted largely of used cranes, especially
reconditioned cranes from Liebherr, Grove, Terex Demag or the independent suppliers like the
Dutch exporters. This applied to both the civil engineers and to the rental companies. From
1990 onwards a supply of second-hand all terrain cranes from Germany began to fill the rental
94
fleets in Turkey, and the advantages of the all terrain concept were there for all in the profession
to see.
Table 71. Turkey: Sales of Mobile Cranes by Type, 2010-2014
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

All Terrain 10 17 12 16 16 33 56 38 36 42
Rough Terrain 46 77 60 80 26 53 64 43 34 40
Crawler 4 6 3 4 9 14 29 19 15 18
Total 60 100 75 100 49 100 149 100 85 100
Nevertheless, the vast majority of new cranes sold until recently have been rough terrain cranes,
up to and sometimes exceeding 75 per cent of the total mobile crane market. Of these, it is
estimated that a further 75 per cent were shipped to Turkish contractors working abroad,
typically in the CIS countries, the Middle East and North Africa. These contractors prefer to buy
new machines from known dealers in Istanbul and Ankara, and more than 50 per cent of these
cranes will eventually be shipped back to Turkey for use in forthcoming energy projects.
During the last 10 years, in particular, this market sector has risen massively as a result of the
huge increase in new infrastructure work, energy projects and oil refinery construction being
undertaken in the regions listed above. The rough terrain crane was particularly favoured as a
pick-and-carry machine on these job sites, since it is not required to travel long distances, is less
expensive to fix than an all terrain crane, and its purchase price is 30 per cent less; its purchase
can effectively be written off against the specific project for which it is bought.
The above applied equally to the Turkish construction sector where the majority of the work
involves large, long term infrastructure projects such as dam construction or hydro-electric
installations, whose predominant requirement is for rough terrain cranes below 100 tonnes; the
majority of rough terrain crane sales fall in the 60 tonne category, and these are generally sold
direct to the general contractors. In contrast to the all terrain market, imports of second hand
rough terrain machines are few and far between.
However, the past three years has seen a distinct move towards the purchase of all terrain cranes.
Last year, for the first time, sales of such machines accounted for the single-biggest portion of
the total market. As previously explained, the concept and benefits of these cranes have long
been understood – it has been the large number of major infrastructure projects, the strength of
95
overseas work and the relative weakness of the crane rental sector that has limited sales. Now,
though, overseas sales have fallen, and the crane rental sector has grown both in absolute and
relative terms, partly due to the development of the type of projects for which all terrain cranes
and therefore crane rental are most suited. It remains to be seen if this transition is permanent –
not least because the current prominence is due in part to a specific deal for Sany cranes, the long
term acceptance of which is not yet proven – or if rough terrain cranes will return to prominence
as and when overseas markets pick up again and further major domestic projects are started.
Those all terrain cranes bought by the crane rental companies are hired out for short term
contracts and where the requirement is for machines of 200 to 350 tonnes’ lift capacity. The
largest all terrains of 500 or 700 tonnes are used in wind farm construction, where there is also a
requirement for 100-200 tonne all terrain cranes which are used in conjunction with 600 tonne
crawler cranes.
Crawler cranes sell in incremental quantities only, and typically fall within the 600 tonne lift
capacity sector.
Production
There is no production of specialist mobile cranes in Turkey, although there are several local
manufacturers who mount 40 and 50 tonne ‘knuckle-boom’ cranes onto on-highway truck
chassis, but these are not true competitors to the imported mobile cranes. They were, however,
used to justify a high tariff on imported truck cranes, which led in the past to a bias in the imports
in favour of the rough terrain crane concept, where the machine had a 30 per cent lower tariff.
After the customs union with the EU, the protection afforded is that used truck cranes up to
70 tonnes cannot be imported. Two points make this an unimportant restriction. The supply of
truck cranes from Europe has more or less disappeared and, secondly, buyers in Turkey do not
want that kind of product in any case. It should be noted, however, that estimates of the market
for domestically-produced truck mounted cranes reach up to 50 units per year from as many as
five or six local suppliers, one or two of whom have developed telescopic models as well.
96
Market Shares
Table 72. Turkey: Suppliers of Mobile Cranes and Their Market Shares, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Terex 86 58 25 29
Sany - - 17 20
Grove 22 15 15 18
Hitachi-Sumitomo 6 4 10 12
Liebherr 22 15 10 12
XCMG - - 3 4
Zoomlion 4 3 3 4
Tadano 2 1 1 1
Kobelco 1 1 1 1
Sennebogen 6 4 - -
Total 149 100 85 100
Table 73. Turkey: Suppliers of Mobile Cranes and Their Sales by Type, 2014
Rough
All Terrain Crawler Terrain Total
Units % Units % Units % Units %
Terex - - 1 7 24 71 25 29
Sany 17 47 - - - - 17 20
Grove 5 14 - - 10 29 15 17
Hitachi-Sumitomo - - 10 66 - - 10 12
Liebherr 10 28 - - - - 10 12
XCMG - - 3 20 - - 3 4
Zoomlion 3 8 - - - - 3 4
Tadano 1 3 - - - - 1 1
Kobelco - - 1 7 - - 1 1
Total 36 100 15 100 34 100 85 100
Terex Cranes has been the dominant market leader for many years, thanks in part to the
overseas activities of its importer, DAS Oto. The company performs particularly well in the
rough terrain sector. DAS Oto has been the general importer for a variety of Terex brands since
1996 – P&H, American, PPM, Demag and Genie. Most of the North American crane products
are sold only to customers working outside Turkey but the rough terrain cranes made in Italy are
CE marked and are also sold in the domestic market. DAS currently operates in over 50
countries, primarily as a service partner for Terex, but also in a selling capacity in countries such
97
as Azerbaijan, where it was awarded the official Terex franchise in 2009, CIS, Turkmenistan,
Iraq and Kazakhstan.
Sany has secured second place in the market thanks to a significant deal for its all terrain cranes.
How well the company can capitalise on this first major foothold in a market in which it has seen
considerable success in other countries remains to be seen, given the low level of sales achieved
to date by other Chinese suppliers, where concerns about service support as much as the products
themselves have hampered sales development.
The Grove importer, Karun, was for a long time the market leader in cranes, of both the
all terrain and rough terrain varieties, although has lost market share in the face of the Terex
onslaught in recent years. Karun lives from the private sector, particularly the rental companies
but also the contractors. The former buys its used cranes from Deutsche Grove’s stock in
Germany, while the latter buys a mixture of new and used cranes. Servicing is based at its
headquarters in Ankara, although the company employs staff across Turkey, Kazakhstan and
Azerbaijan. It has a particular strategy to target the all terrain crane sector and the associated
technical and service support, an area in which it excels.
Liebherr has a strong business base with some crane rental companies and is known for being a
favourite of those buying the larger size all terrain models. The company’s products have been
sold in Turkey for over 20 years by HCS, although Liebherr’s own subsidiary company
established in 2008 now sells the mobile crane range below 300 tonnes. Hitachi-Sumitomo
products are distributed by Enka, and the company made good progress in the wind-farm and
power plant market last year.
The list of major suppliers is shown below.
Table 74. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Mobile Cranes, 2015

Grove Karun Sennebogen Forsen
Hitachi Sumitomo Enka Tadano/Tadano Faun Enka
Kobelco DAS Oto Terex DAS Oto
Liebherr HCS/Liebherr XCMG Özmak
Manitowoc Karun Zoomlion Gama
Sany Ascendum
98
Table 75. Turkey: Population of Mobile Cranes by Type, 2015
Type Units %
Rough Terrain 800 46
All Terrain 400 23
Truck-Mounted 250 14
Crawler 200 11
Industrial 100 6
Total 1,750 100
Cranes as a whole last far longer here than in Western Europe, and the population is very high in
relation to what has been sold recently. The contractors, owning perhaps 40 per cent of them, are
the largest group of customers at present in respect of new cranes, for they have projects against
which they can write off the cost. The rental companies are becoming more important and own
around 30 per cent of cranes, up from 20 per cent at the time of the last report. The state
enterprises which own and operate cranes, such as TEK and Turkish Petroleum, are becoming
less significant but not disappearing entirely. They have about 180 cranes between them. The
rest lies with industry, which often does its own construction, for instance in the steel industry.
Forecast to 2019
In contrast to the previous report, the bulk of demand for new cranes in the short to medium term
will come from work inside Turkey, rather than for contractors based in Turkey but operating in
the CIS, North Africa and the Middle East. The surge in oil prices, in particular, that created a
huge demand for all types of crane in the above regions has abated, and safety concerns apply in
some areas as much as economic and political ones. Such work will continue, though predicting
the level is nigh on impossible. Domestically, however, the falling oil price has eased pressure
on the country’s budget deficit, potentially allowing the country to generate a domestic market
more in line with its needs, as measured by sales in countries with comparable markets for other
products. A domestic annual market of at least 100 crane sales, excluding those used abroad, is
widely seen as the benchmark, though it is not widely thought this will be achieved in the next
five years.
99
Table 76. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Mobile Cranes by Type, 2015-2019
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Rough Terrain 35 44 45 53 55 55 55 50 60 48
All Terrain 35 44 30 35 35 35 40 36 50 40
Crawler 10 12 10 12 10 10 15 14 15 12
Total 80 100 85 100 100 100 110 100 125 100
Machines Available
The table below shows the machines available through permanently represented companies.
Suppliers who sell to international contractors from bases outside Turkey are excluded, as are
products such as North American cranes that are not CE marked but can be sold for use outside
Turkey. The engine horsepowers are quoted for the superstructure and the carrier in that order,
linked by a + sign.
Table 77. Turkey: Mobile Cranes Available, 2015
Max Lift
Capacity Engine Product
Manufacturer/Type Model (Tonnes) HP Manufacturer Source
All Terrain
Grove GMK3050-1 50 354 Mercedes-Benz Germany
GMK3055 55 354 Mercedes-Benz Germany
GMK3060 60 354 Mercedes-Benz Germany
GMK4100-B 80 402 Mercedes-Benz Germany
GMK4115 100 148+422 Mercedes-Benz Germany
GMK6300L 300 285+551 Mercedes-Benz Germany
Liebherr LTM1030-2 35 278 Liebherr Germany

LTM1040-2 40 278 Liebherr Germany
LTC1045-3 45 329 Mercedes Benz Germany
LTC1055-3 55 476 Liebherr Germany
(continued)
100
Table 77. Turkey: Mobile Cranes Available, 2015 (continued)
Max Lift
Liebherr LTM1090-4 90 476 Liebherr Germany
(continued) LTM1095-5 95 197+503 Liebherr Germany
LTM1100-4 100 175+476 Liebherr Germany
LTM11200-9 1,200 367+680 Liebherr Germany
Tadano Faun ATF40G-2 40 279 Mercedes-Benz Germany

ATF50G-3 50 326 Mercedes-Benz Germany
ATF90G-4 90 174+428 Mercedes-Benz Germany
Terex AC40/2 40 279 Mercedes-Benz Germany

Challenger 3160 55 326 Mercedes-Benz France
Challenger 3180 60 360 Mercedes-Benz France
AC60-3 60 354 Mercedes-Benz France
AC100/4 100 175+462 Mercedes-Benz Germany
Explorer 5500 130 500 Scania Germany
AC250-1 250 279+612 Daimler Chrysler Germany
AC350-6 350 279+612 Daimler Chrysler Germany
AC700 700 286+625 MTU Germany
AC1000/9 1,200 653 MTU Germany
(continued)
101
Max Lift
Crawler Lattice
Hitachi-Sumitomo SC350 35 150 Hino Japan
SC400 40 150 Hino Japan
SC500-2 50 180 Hino Japan
SC650 65 180 Hino Japan
SC700 70 200 Isuzu Japan
SC800 80 250 Mitsubishi Japan
SCX800HD 80 288 Isuzu Japan
SCX900-3 90 288 Isuzu Japan
SC1000 100 250 Mitsubishi Japan
SCX1200 120 250 Mitsubishi Japan
SC1500-2 150 320 Hino Japan
SCX400 40 185 Isuzu Japan
Kobelco CKE600G 60 180 Hino Japan

CKE800G 80 180 Hino Japan
Liebherr LR1100 105 362 Liebherr Austria

LR1130 137 362 Liebherr Austria
LR1350/1 350 367 Liebherr Germany
LR1750 750 544 Liebherr Germany
LR11000 1,000 870 Liebherr Germany
LR11350 1,350 870 Liebherr Germany
LR13000 3,000 2 x 1,360 Liebherr Germany
Manitowoc 8000 73 285 Hino Japan

8500 80 285 Hino Japan
10000 91 285 Hino Japan
11000 100 285 Hino USA
12000 110 285 Hino USA
MLC165 165 320 Cummins USA
777 181 340 Cummins USA
(continued)
102
Max Lift
Manitowoc 21000 746 600 Cummins USA
(continued) 31000 2,300 2 x 600 Cummins USA
Sany SCC800C 80 253 Cummins China

SCC1000C 100 249 Cummins China
SCC2000 200 305 Cummins China
Sennebogen 2200 80 261 Caterpillar Germany

3300 SL 110 261 Caterpillar Germany
7700 300 420 Caterpillar Germany
Terex CC 2000-1 300 353 Mercedes-Benz Germany

CC 2200 350 353 Mercedes-Benz Germany
CC 2400-1 400 353 Mercedes-Benz Germany
CC 5800 1,000 428 Mercedes-Benz Germany
CC 8800-1 1,600 516 Mercedes-Benz Germany
CC 8800-1 3,200 516+571 Mercedes-Benz Germany
XCMG QUY55 55 212 Shanghai Diesel China

QUY80 80 245 Cummins China
Zoomlion QUY50 55 180 Weichai China

QUY70 70 238 Weichai China
QUY80 80 271 Weichai China
Crawler Telescopic
Liebherr LTR1060 60 175 Liebherr Germany
LTR1100 100 175 Liebherr Germany
LTR11200 1,200 367 Liebherr Germany
Sennebogen 613 16 124 Deutz Germany

643 40 174 Deutz Germany
673 70 228 Cummins Germany
683 80 253 Deutz Germany
6113 120 228 Cummins Germany
(continued)
103
Max Lift
Rough Terrain
Grove RT530E-2 27 156 Cummins Italy
RT540E 35 156 Cummins Italy
RT765E2 60 240 Cummins Italy
Tadano GR-300EX 30 217 Cummins Japan

GR-550EX 55 272 Mitsubishi Japan
GR-600EX 60 272 Cummins Japan
GR-800EX 80 275 Cummins Japan
Terex RT230 27 130 Cummins Italy

RT35 35 139 Cummins Italy
A600 60 199 Cummins Italy
RC60 60 219 Cummins Italy
Quadstar 1065 65 222 Cummins Italy
MOTOR GRADERS
Despite the obvious implications of the global financial crisis when demand for all types of
machinery collapsed in 2009, the market for graders has remained at a relatively stable and high
level throughout the period under review. The on-going requirement for new road construction
and maintenance of the existing network has resulted in an abundance of government tender
purchases, which in 2011 culminated in the largest volume of sales recorded in the last 15 years.
104
Since then, the market has remained stable at historically high levels of nearly 250 units per year
for the past three years, with a buoyant mining sector, the other important user of graders,
helping to underpin this demand.
Table 78. Turkey: Sales of Motor Graders, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

190 330 259 244 244
The motor grader is not widely used by the road contractors, although they do buy machines
when they have new projects. Rather it is the various public bodies and municipalities
maintaining the “stabilised” earth roads which are the main buyers. These machines then further
justify the investment made in them by being used for now clearance in the winter. They
purchase 12 and, mostly, 14 tonne machines, with engines of 140 to 180 horsepower. The
scarifier is fitted as standard, and most contractors add a ripper at the rear.
Market Shares
The clear market leader is Caterpillar, which has achieved a high market penetration as a result
of being able to offer the grader product as part of larger machine package deals. It also benefits
from the high reputation of the product range with the private contractors and the dealer, Borusan
Makina, has made particular efforts to establish itself with them.
Komatsu has recently established itself in second place in the market. This is partly because of
the price benefits of the recent Japanese Yen/Turkish Lira exchange rate, and partly due to the
company’s renewed on the machine package deal business, where previously it has lost business
to Caterpillar and Volvo due to the lack of a grader in its product range.
Its recent success is also partly due to problems faced by Volvo, which previously has been the
closest challenger to Caterpillar, having established a large population of motor graders in
Turkey through its former brand Champion, which won many public sector tenders over the
years. In the past three years, however, it has suffered from the increased initial costs and
concerns over fuel quality associated with the company’s decision to move to only supplying
machines with Tier IV engines. Now, the company faces further uncertainty following its
105
decision to suspend the production of Volvo-branded models and replace them with
Chinese-produced, SDLG-branded machines (once they have been CE approved).
Chinese suppliers Liugong and XCMG have established a firm footing in this market in the past
few years, while further competition is imminent in the shape of the HBM-Nobas range of
machines recently taken on by Bomag dealer Karyer and, perhaps more significantly,
Hidromek’s range of former Mitsubishi products (again, once they have received CE approval).
Table 79. Turkey: Suppliers of Motor Graders and Their Market Shares, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Komatsu 53 22 56 23
Volvo 56 23 45 18
LiuGong 23 9 20 8
XCMG 15 6 15 6
Total 244 100 244 100
Table 80. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Motor Graders, 2015

Case TürkTraktör New Holland TürkTraktör
Caterpillar Borusan Makina Terex Hasel
HBM Nobas Karyer Tatmak Volvo Ascendum
Komatsu Temsa XCMG Özmak Makina
LiuGong Uygunlar Zoomlion Gama
There is a large population of motor graders in Turkey as a result of the major tenders of the mid-
1980s. Off-Highway Research estimates the total population of machines at 4,500 units, with the
majority being over 10 years old; around 2,200 have been bought in the past 10 years. The two
biggest owners are the State highways authority and the rural administrations.
106
Table 81. Turkey: Population of Motor Graders by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Government Agencies 3,400 76
Mines 100 2
Others 100 2
Total 4,500 100
Forecast to 2019
The requirement for infrastructure projects and highway construction is still massive and there is
huge potential for the motor grader market over the next 20 years. Indeed, this partially explains
Hidromek’s decision to invest in the former Mitsubishi products and manufacturing facility, and
the company has made a success of correctly reading the needs of its domestic market. Major
investment is planned for new transport systems in Istanbul, including underground rail and road
crossings over the Bosphorus, whilst the government has already outlined its priorities for
upgrading the country’s rural road network. If all of these projects are initiated, the traditionally
stable market for graders could expand significantly over the next 10 years.
Table 82. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Motor Graders, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

250 230 260 285 320
Machines Available
Table 83. Turkey: Motor Graders Available, 2015

Case 835C 133 CNH 12.2 Germany
856C 190 CNH 16.2 Germany
Caterpillar 120M 138 Caterpillar 14.0 USA

140M 183 Caterpillar 15.1 USA
(continued)
107
Table 83. Turkey: Motor Graders Available, 2015 (continued)

Caterpillar 160M 213 Caterpillar 15.9 USA
(continued) 12M 158 Caterpillar 14.5 USA
HBM-Nobas BG70 75 Cummins 7.0 Germany

BG110-M 132 Perkins 8.6 Germany
BG110T-4/TA-4 132 Perkins 10.9 Germany
BG130T-4/TA-4 146 Perkins 13.9 Germany
BG160T-4/TA-4 162 Cummins 16.0 Germany
Komatsu GD555-5 160 Komatsu 13.1 Japan

GD675-5 200 Komatsu 14.9 Japan
LiuGong CLG 416 175 Cummins 14.1 China

CLG 418 200 Cummins 15.5 China
CLG 418 III 223 Cummins 15.5 China
New Holland F106.6/F106.6A 133 CNH 12.2 Germany

F156.7/F156.7A 190 CNH 16.2 Germany
Volvo G930C 155-195 Volvo 15.5 Canada

G940C 170-215 Volvo 16.0 Canada
XCMG GR 135 47 Cummins 11.0 China

GR 180 193 Cummins 15.4 China
GR 215 220 Cummins 19.0 China
Zoomlion PY 190B 193 Cummins 15.4 China
ROUGH TERRAIN LIFT TRUCKS
The rough terrain lift truck market is still very undeveloped in comparison with some European
markets. The lack of safety rules for materials handling on-site has combined with a generally
negative attitude towards productivity-orientated machines to make the demand from the
108
construction industry very small. Industry has traditionally refused to pay extra for the rough
terrain ability.
Table 84. Turkey: Sales of Telescopic Handlers, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

155 326 298 413 538
In the past, these various factors have worked against the rough terrain lift truck and it now
appears that there will never be any market for masted machines. The telescopic variety,
however, has shown some growth during the last two years.
In part this has come from the construction sector where some customers have begun to
appreciate the benefits of the machine in material handling applications. However, the majority
of machines are sold to civil engineering contractors, where they are effectively used in lieu of
cranes, rather than to housebuilding, as is the case in Western Europe. Here, the prominence of
knuckle-boom, truck-mounted cranes militates against the widespread adoption of telehandlers.
Indeed, in many quarters the product is still perceived by potential end-users as being too
expensive compared to a backhoe loader and less versatile. There has also been some growth in
the agricultural and landscaping markets, where basic specification machines are slowly, very
slowly, beginning to make an impression in the still manual-labour dominated sector.
As a result of these market characteristics, the most popular machine size is large. Machines
with lift heights of at least 12 metres and up to 17 metres are those favoured by civil engineering
contractors, and these account for anything up to 50 per cent of sales. The next most popular
size, accounting for around a third of sales, is 3.0 tonne lift capacity machines with lift heights of
6-7 metres, used by small building contractors, in landscaping and in agriculture. The remainder
falls in between these two machines.
Production
From 1994 to 1999 Manitou of France had a joint venture with Hidromek to manufacture
telescopic handlers. This superseded a contract to manufacture similar machines under licence at
Çukurova, and the use of the importing company Trakmak to sell machines with the Manitou
name on them. The venture was short lived, however, and ended after five years.
109
In 2008 Sanko entered the telescopic handler sector when it began the production of a new range
of machines at its backhoe loader factory in Gaziantep, southern Turkey. The MST branded
range consists of seven models with lift capacities ranging from 3-4 tonnes and lift heights of
6.35-16.3 metres. Production volumes remain small, amounting to 200 units in 2011 and
150 units in 2014, around 50 per cent of which were exported.
Market Shares
Table 85. Turkey: Suppliers of Telescopic Handlers and Their Market Shares, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Manitou 165 40 211 39
JCB 120 29 150 28
MST 62 15 78 15
Genie 12 3 30 6
Bobcat 14 3 20 4
Merlo 9 2 15 3
Dieci 17 4 13 2
New Holland 2 - 3 1
Case - - 1 -
Total 413 100 538 100
There is a familiar look to the top of the market share table. The leading supplier is French
specialist Manitou, which led the market in the late 1990s during the existence of its joint
venture with Hidromek, and which has continued to do so after transferring the account to
Çukurova Ithalat and, more recently, Maats.
JCB is the main challenger to Manitou in the telescopic handler sector and sells its products
through its long established dealer, SIF JCB. It is optimistic its strong presence and brand
recognition in the backhoe loader market and, by extension, in the agricultural sector, will stand
it in good stead in what it sees as an important developing market.
The only surprising aspect to the market share table is the presence, in a strong third place, of
local manufacturer MST. It has developed products well-received in the agricultural and small
building side of the market, and also benefits from the favourable approach typically shown to
domestic manufacturer.
110
These three suppliers currently dominate the sector, accounting for more than four in every five
machines sold.
Table 86. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Rough Terrain Lift Trucks, 2015

Bobcat Hamamcioğlu Manitou Maats
Case TürkTraktör Merlo Koza
Dieci Temsa MST SANKO
Genie Borusan Makina Terex Hasel
JCB SIF JCB Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson
Table 87. Turkey: Population of Telescopic Handlers by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Construction 1,260 60
Agriculture 525 25
Landscaping 170 8
Industry 145 7
Total 2,100 100
The population has grown steadily as demand for telescopic handlers has risen during the last
three years in particular and now exceeds 2,000 units. The majority of machines are to be found
in the construction sector, although there is a growing volume of machines operating within the
agricultural sector. Within the industrial sector, sales have been made to specialised applications
like ship building, rather than to the classic tasks of moving finished goods or feeding the
beginning of a production process. Building material suppliers are also interested in telescopic
handlers, and here the product is used for handling palletised materials.
Forecast to 2019
There is evidence to suggest that the general construction sector is finally beginning to appreciate
the versatility of the telescopic handler, and the increase in demand over the last three years
111
appears to substantiate this claim. The sector was one of only five to record a growth in sales last
year, while suppliers are universally optimistic about the future of compact equipment, although
they are also more circumspect about the rate of expansion for the telescopic handler sector
compared to that of mini excavators, for example.
No one is under any illusions that the task of promoting the product will be an easy one, or that it
will be achieved quickly. It is still difficult to ask a farmer or a building contractor to change his
whole method of working and to incorporate a modern telescopic handler into his ideas. Yet the
potential of the agricultural sector alone is enormous – Turkish agricultural output is on a par
with that of France, yet is produced by 10 times as many workers. Even a small degree of
mechanisation would yield a significant growth in sales, and the desire of suppliers to try is
certainly clear.
The market should continue to grow, but probably more slowly than many would wish. The
most optimistic scenario would have the sector doubling over the next five years to exceed
1,000 units. A more cautious but still encouraging rate of growth seems more likely.
Table 88. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Telescopic Handlers, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

550 500 600 700 800
Machines Available
Table 89. Turkey: Rough Terrain Lift Trucks Available, 2015
Operating Maximum
Type/ Engine Capacity Lift Product
Manufacturer Model HP Manufacturer (Tonnes) (Metres) Source
Telescopic
Bobcat T2250 75 Kubota 2.2 5.0 France
TL360 100 Perkins 3.0 6.0 France
TL470 100 Perkins 3.5 7.0 France
TL470HF 130 Perkins 2.5 7.0 France
T35100/L/SL 100 Perkins 3.5 10.0 France
T35120L/SL/MP 100 Perkins 3.5 11.6 France
T40140 100 Perkins 4.0 13.6 France
T40170 100 Perkins 4.0 17.2 France
(continued)
112
Table 89. Turkey: Rough Terrain Lift Trucks Available, 2015 (continued)
Operating Maximum
Bobcat (continued)
– Roto TR38160 102 Iveco 3.8 15.7 Italy
TR45190 144 Perkins 4.5 18.4 Italy
Case TX130-33 99 Iveco 3.3 13.0 Italy

TX130-40 118 Iveco 4.0 12.45 Italy
TX130-45 118 Iveco 4.5 12.3 Italy
TX140-40 118 Iveco 4.0 13.6 Italy
TX170-40 118 Iveco 4.0 16.6 Italy
Caterpillar TH255 84 Caterpillar 2.5 5.2 Belgium

TH336 101 Caterpillar 3.3 6.1 Belgium
TH336C 126-142 Caterpillar 3.3 6.1 Belgium
Dieci
– Construction Apollo 25.6 73 Yanmar 2.5 5.8 Italy
Dedalus 28.7 101 Kubota 2.8 6.4 Italy
Runner 35.7 101 Iveco 3.5 7.3 Italy
Icarus 38.14 101-127 Iveco 3.8 13.4 Italy
Samson 45.8 101 Iveco 4.5 7.9 Italy
Zeus 33.11 101 Iveco 3.3 10.6 Italy
(continued)
113
Operating Maximum
Dieci (continued)
– Heavy Duty Hercules 100.10 175 FPT 10.0 9.5 Italy
Hercules 120.10 144 Perkins 12.0 9.4 Italy
– Agriculture Mini Agri 25.6 73-85 Yanmar 2.5 5.8 Italy
Agrifarmer 28.7 101 Kubota 2.8 6.4 Italy
AgriMax 45.8 101 Iveco 4.5 7.9 Italy
AgriStar 35.10 101 Iveco 3.5 9.8 Italy
AgriPlus 38.9 120 FPT 3.8 9.0 Italy
AgriPlus 40.7 120 FPT 4.0 7.0 Italy
AgriTech 35.7 (PTO/3pt hitch) 127 Iveco 3.5 7.0 Italy
AgriTech 32.9 (PTO/3pt hitch) 127 Iveco 3.2 9.0 Italy
– Roto Pegasus 35.16 101 Iveco 3.5 15.7 Italy
Pegasus 38.16 144 Perkins 3.8 15.5 Italy
Genie GTH-2506 68 Deutz 2.5 5.8 Italy

GTH-3007 91 Deutz 3.0 6.9 Italy
GTH-4013 EX/SX 99 Perkins 4.0 10.0 Italy
GTH-4014 99 Perkins 4.0 14.0 Italy
GTH-4017 EX/SX 99 Perkins 4.0 17.0 Italy
GTH-4018 99 Perkins 4.0 17.0 Italy
GTH-4016 R 99 Perkins 4.0 15.4 Italy
GTH-6025 ER 159 Cummins 6.0 24.8 Italy
(continued)
114
Operating Maximum
JCB
– Industrial 515-40 51 Kohler 1.5 4.0 UK
520-40 49 Perkins 2.0 4.0 UK
520-50 76 JCB 2.0 5.0 UK
524-50 78 JCB 2.4 5.0 UK
527-58 110 JCB 2.7 5.8 UK
531-70 75-110 JCB 3.1 7.0 UK
541-70 75-110 JCB 4.1 7.0 UK
536-60 100-125 JCB 3.6 6.2 UK
535-95 75-110 JCB 3.5 9.5 UK
533-105 75-110 JCB 3.3 10.5 UK
535-125 75-110 JCB 3.5 12.5 UK
535-140 75-110 JCB 3.5 14.0 UK
540-140 75-110 JCB 4.0 14.0 UK
540-170 110-125 JCB 4.0 17.0 UK
550-80 125 JCB 5.0 8.1 UK
TM180 62 JCB 1.8 4.5 UK
TM220 75 JCB 2.2 4.6 UK
TM320 125 JCB 3.2 5.2 UK
– Agricultural 515-40 60 Perkins 1.5 4.0 UK
520-40 51 Perkins 2.0 4.0 UK
520-50 83 Perkins 2.4 5.3 UK
527-55 82-100 JCB 2.7 5.5 UK
526-56 85-100 JCB 2.6 5.0 UK
527-58 100 JCB 2.7 6.8 UK
536-60/Plus/Super 100-130 JCB 3.6 6.2 UK
531-70/Plus/Super/Xtra 100-130 JCB 3.1 7.0 UK
536-70/Plus/Super/Xtra 100-130 JCB 3.6 7.0 UK
541-70/Super/Xtra 100-130 JCB 4.1 7.0 UK
535-95/Plus/Super 110-125-145 JCB 3.5 9.5 UK

550-80/Plus/Pack145 125-145 JCB 5.0 8.1 UK
TM180 62 Deutz 1.8 4.5 UK
TM220 75 Deutz 2.2 4.6 UK
TM320/ SMax 130-145 JCB 3.0 5.0 UK
JLG 2505H 74 Deutz 2.5 5.6 Belgium

2906H 100 Deutz 2.9 5.8 Belgium
3507H 100 Deutz 3.5 6.9 Belgium
3706PS 100 Deutz 3.7 6.1 Belgium
3614RS 100 Deutz 3.6 10.0 Belgium
4017RS 100 Deutz 4.0 13.0 Belgium
(continued)
115
Operating Maximum
Liebherr TL 441-10 101 Deere 4.1 9.6 Germany
TL441-13 101 Deere 4.1 13.0 Germany
Manitou
– Agriculture MLT 625-75H 51 Kubota 2.5 5.9 Italy
MLT 627 101 Perkins 2.7 5.5 Italy
MLT634-120/PS 121 Perkins 3.4 6.1 Italy
MLT735-120/PS 121 Perkins 3.5 6.9 Italy
MLT840-115/PS 115 Deere 4.0 7.6 Italy
MLT84—137/PS 137 Deere 4.0 7.6 Italy
MLT845-120/H 121 Perkins 4.5 7.6 Italy
MLT1035 101 Perkins 3.5 9.6 Italy
Manitou
– Construction MT625 75 Kubota 2.5 5.9 France
MT732 95 Perkins 3.2 6.9 France
MT932 95 Perkins 3.2 9.0 France
MT1030 ST 100 Perkins 3.0 10.0 France
MT1235 ST 100 Perkins 3.5 12.0 France
MT1435 HSL 100 Perkins 3.5 13. France
MT1435 SLT 100 Perkins 3.5 13.6 France
MT1440/H/A/HA 100 Perkins 4.0 13.5 France
MT1840/H/A/HA 100 Perkins 4.0 17.5 France
– Industry MHT780 144 Perkins 8.0 6.8 Italy
MHT860 144 Perkins 6.0 8.1 Italy
MHT10120 175 Mercedes-Benz 12.0 9.6 Italy
– Roto MRT-X1440 101 Perkins 4.0 13.8 Italy
MRT-X1640 101 Perkins 4.0 15.8 Italy
MRT-X1840 101 Perkins 4.0 17.9 Italy
MRT-X2150 150 Mercedes-Benz 5.0 20.6 Italy
Merlo
– Compact P25.6 75 Kubota 2.5 5.9 Italy
P28.8L/Plus/Top 101 Perkins 2.8 8.2 Italy
P32.6L/Plus/Top 101 Perkins 3.2 6.4 Italy
– Panoramic P34.7/Plus/Top 102 Deutz 3.4 7.0 Italy
P34.10/Plus/Top 102 Deutz 3.4 9.7 Italy
P37.12/Plus 101 Perkins 3.7 11.5 Italy
(continued)
116
Operating Maximum
Merlo (continued)
– Panoramic P38.13/Plus 101 Perkins 3.8 12.6 Italy
(continued) P38.14/Plus 101 Perkins 3.8 13.6 Italy
P39.10/Plus 102 Deutz 3.9 10.3 Italy
P40.16 102 Perkins 4.0 15.6 Italy
P40.17 102 Perkins 4.0 16.7 Italy
P45.18HM 145 Iveco 4.5 17.8 Italy
P55.9CS 140 Deutz 5.5 8.6 Italy
P60.9CS 140 Deutz 6.0 8.6 Italy
P60.10 101 Perkins 6.0 9.6 Italy
P65.14HM 145 FPT 6.5 13.9 Italy
P72.10 101 Perkins 7.2 9.6 Italy
P75.9CS 140 Iveco 7.5 8.6 Italy
P80.9HM 145 Iveco 8.0 9.1 Italy
P101.10HM 145 Iveco 10.0 9.8 Italy
P120.10 145 Iveco 12.0 9.8 Italy
– Multifarmer 27.8 102 Deutz 2.7 8.2 Italy
29.6 102 Deutz 2.9 6.4 Italy
30.6Classic/Top 115 Deutz 3.0 6.0 Italy
30.9Classic/Top 115 Deutz 3.0 8.6 Italy
– Roto 38.14 102 Perkins 3.8 13.8 Italy
38.16 102 Perkins 3.8 15.7 Italy
R40.26 MCSS 145 Iveco 4.0 26.0 Italy
R40.30 MCSS 176 Iveco 4.0 29.2 Italy
MST ST 740 100 Perkins 4.0 6.34 Turkey

ST835 100 Perkins 3.5 7.8 Turkey
New Holland LM5020 87 FPT 2.5 5.8 Italy

LM5030 101 FPT 2.8 6.3 Italy
LM5.25 74 FPT 2.5 5.8 Italy
LM6.28 101 FPT 2.8 6.3 Italy
LM6.32 121 FPT 3.2 6.1 Italy
LM6.35 143 FPT 3.5 6.1 Italy
LM7.35 121 FPT 3.5 7.0 Italy
LM7.42 143 FPT 4.2 7.0 Italy
LM9.35 121 FPT 3.5 9.1 Italy
Wacker Neuson TH408 26 Yanmar 0.8 4.1 Germany

TH412 30 Yanmar 1.2 4.5 Germany
TH522 61 Perkins 2.2 5.5 Germany
TH625 67 Deutz 2.5 5.7 Germany
117
SKID-STEER LOADERS
Skid-steer loaders have been present in Turkey since the end of the 1980s, but have only been
sold in very limited quantities until quite recently. Even then, the expansion of this market has
been faltering, with only two years – 2011 and 2012 – seeing sales in excess of 300 units. The
availability, until recently at least, of cheap labour in the construction industry, the lack of
industrialised agriculture, and the absence of a fully developed rental sector have all conspired to
limit the product’s appeal in what should be its prime target markets.
Table 90. Turkey: Sales of Skid-Steer Loaders, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

259 367 327 293 284
By the end of the 1990s a regular annual demand for around 100 units had developed, buoyed up
by sales to farming, shipping and the General Directorate of Highways. The economic crisis of
2001 saw the market drop away to minimal levels, although it recovered in 2003-2004 to a
slightly higher level than before. The rapid economic growth and buoyant construction sector
during 2005-2007 stimulated a significant rise in interest in skid-steer loaders and the leading
suppliers began to focus more closely on exploiting the product’s potential. In 2007 demand
reached nearly 300 machines, the hitherto highest recorded level of sales in the sector.
The ramifications of the global economic crisis and slump in demand for construction related
projects saw the market for skid-steer loaders collapse to a very low level in 2008 and 2009. By
2010 business confidence had returned to the industry and the market embarked upon a period of
sustained recovery, followed by further growth in 2011 when sales reached an historical high of
367 units.
In favour of the machine are its versatility, particularly when used with the wide array of
available attachments, its size and the fact that it can be carried on the roads on the type of light
duty trailer which can be towed by vehicles driven on a standard driver’s licence. The climate
and the dry ground conditions in Turkey would also suggest a positive reaction to the machine.
118
On the other hand, concerns about the machines manoeuvrability between jobsites (not in real
terms, as explained above, but compared to the self-drive capacity of a backhoe loader), and its
fuel-efficiency compared to backhoes have held back its popularity.
The profile of the market has changed since the arrival of the very large and high lift machines.
The popular sizes used to be from 600 to 900 kilograms operating capacity, but now the best
sellers are the 1,100 kilogram machines that give some competition to the backhoe loader, and
then the more orthodox 600 kilogram lift capacity models. More recently there has been an
increase in demand for the most powerful loaders rated at 1,800 kilograms operating capacity for
use in fibre optic cable trenching applications, however this market came to an abrupt halt in
2012 which had an inevitable impact on sales, as it did for mobile compressors used in the same
sector.
Market Shares
Table 91. Turkey: Suppliers of Skid-Steer Loaders and Their Market Shares, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Bobcat 86 29 75 26
Gehl 52 18 41 14
JCB 18 6 36 13
Hyundai 10 3 15 5
New Holland 16 5 14 5
Case 18 6 8 3
IHIMER - - 7 2
LiuGong 5 2 5 2
Komatsu 2 1 3 1
Mustang 8 3 3 1
Total 293 100 284 100
Bobcat, sold by Hamamcioğlu, one of the longest-established dealers in Turkey, is the perennial
market leader. Despite having the highest prices in the sector the company’s strong brand image,
high quality products and firm residual values have enabled it to attract a loyal customer base and
a high level of repeat business. Caterpillar and Gehl are effectively the only other suppliers to
offer a significant challenge to the market leader, though JCB also claimed a market share of
more than 10 per cent last year, partly through a degree of penetration into the agricultural sector.
Bobcat, in particular, has made inroads into more specialist applications such as ship trimming,
119
landscaping, and fibre optic cable trenching, in addition to the more traditional construction
sector.
Table 92. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Skid-Steer Loaders, 2015

Bobcat Hamamcioğlu JCB SIF JCB
Case TürkTraktör Komatsu Temsa
Caterpillar Borusan Makina LiuGong Uygunlar
Doosan SANKO Mustang Gama
Gehl Kale New Holland TürkTraktör
Hyundai HMF Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson
IHIMER Inan Makina
The population growth seen up to 2011 has stalled somewhat in the three years since then as
sales have stagnated. Nevertheless, the recent relatively buoyant market conditions indicate the
number of active machines is estimated to have risen to 1,500 units.
Table 93. Turkey: Population of Skid-Steer Loaders by Type of User, 2015
Units %
General Construction 375 25
Agriculture 345 23
Docks 300 20
Landscaping 300 20
Industry 135 9
Nurseries 45 3
Total 1,500 100
General construction and ship trimming constitute the most successful applications for skid-steer
loaders. Many small ports accept cargo ships which lack cranes, and much building material is
moved around by sea while grain and other agricultural produce are also important export
cargoes. Other applications so far have been the installation of natural gas pipes in the cities,
fibre optic cable trenching and, increasingly, agriculture where the machines are used for
120
cleaning livestock sheds and transporting feed stuffs. A small number of machines have also
been put to use in tree nurseries.
Forecast to 2019
The market is certainly not growing at the same pace as other compact equipment product
sectors, most notably mini excavators, nor even telehandlers; given sales in the past two years, it
could even be questioned whether the market is growing at all. Nevertheless, the introduction of
stricter legislation relating to manual labour, together with increasingly tight restrictions on the
use of large equipment on inner city job sites, will continue to stimulate interest in smaller
machines, and skid-steers are unlikely to be an exception, even if the rate of expansion will be
relatively slow.
Table 94. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Skid-Steer Loaders, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

275 275 300 350 400
Machines Available
Table 95. Turkey: Skid-Steer Loaders Available, 2015
Operating
Engine Capacity Product
Manufacturer Model HP Manufacturer (Kg) Source
Bobcat S70 24 Kubota 450 Czech Republic
S130 49 Kubota 650 Czech Republic
S590 66 Kubota 1,050 Czech Republic
S630 74 Kubota 1,090 USA
A770 92 Kubota 1,662 USA
(continued)
121
Table 95. Turkey: Skid-Steer Loaders Available, 2015 (continued)
Operating
Case SR130 49 ISM 590 USA
SR160 60 ISM 725 USA
SR175 67 ISM 790 USA
SV185 60 ISM 840 USA
SR200 74 FPT 905 USA
SR250 90 FPT 1,135 USA
SV300 90 FPT 1,360 USA
Caterpillar 216B 47 Caterpillar 635 USA

226B 56 Caterpillar 680 USA
246C 72 Caterpillar 975 USA
256C 82 Caterpillar 1,066 USA
252B 71 Caterpillar 1,202 USA
Doosan 430 Plus 46 Cummins 590 Korea

440 Plus 48 Cummins 839 Korea
450 66 Cummins 771 Korea
460 66 Cummins 907 Korea
470 Plus 76 Cummins 907 Korea
Gehl 1640E 24 Yanmar 425 USA

3640E 35 Yanmar 525 USA
5640E 71 Yanmar 1,100 USA
6640E 71 Yanmar 1,300 USA
V270 71 Yanmar 1,350 USA
Hyundai HSL650-7 43 Kubota 750 Korea

HSL850-7 66 Kubota 925 Korea
IHIMER AS12 21 Yanmar 330 Italy

AS30 69 Yanmar 850 Italy
AS34 84 Yanmar 1020 Italy
JCB 135 48 Perkins 675 USA

155 60 Perkins 775 USA
205 60 Perkins 1,025 USA
225 74 JCB 1,125 USA
(continued)
122
Table 95. Turkey: Skid-Steer Loaders Available, 2015 (continued)
Operating
JCB 260 74 JCB 1,300 USA
(continued) 280 74 JCB 1,400 USA
300 92 JCB 1,500 USA
330 92 JCB 1,650 USA
Komatsu SK510-5 31 Komatsu 455 Italy

SK714-5 46 Komatsu 650 Italy
LiuGong CLG365A 68 Yanmar 795 China

CLG375A 76 Yanmar 900 China
CLG385A 85 Yanmar 1,100 China
Mustang 2012 21 Yanmar 476 USA

2026 35 Yanmar 567 USA
2076 84 Yanmar 1,100 USA
2086 84 Yanmar 1,300 USA
1350R 46 Yanmar 750 USA
1900R 69 Yanmar 1,055 USA
New Holland L213 49 ISM 590 USA

L216 60 ISM 725 USA
L218 60 ISM 818 USA
L220 67 ISM 905 USA
L223 74 FPT 1,020 USA
L230 90 FPT 1,360 USA
Wacker Neuson 501S 36 Yanmar 510 Austria

701S 46 Yanmar 680 Austria
701SP 52 Yanmar 680 Austria
901 68 Yanmar 907 Austria
901SP 68 Yanmar 1,140 Austria
123
WHEELED LOADERS
Table 96. Turkey: Sales of Wheeled Loaders, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

1,176 1,545 1,255 1,364 1,134
Following the 2001 financial crisis sales of wheeled loaders collapsed to their lowest level ever,
below 200 units, although in common with other product sectors demand began to increase once
more by 2004. Strong economic growth and renewed investment in the construction sector
resulted in unprecedented levels of investment in wheeled loaders as contractors and quarries
rushed to implement fleet renewal programmes postponed from the first half of the decade. Sales
reached a new record level in 2007 of nearly 1,500 units, an increase of 44 per cent within just
three years.
In 2008 the government implemented a dramatic rise in the VAT rate on leasing contracts from
one per cent to 18 per cent, which precipitated a 37 per cent fall in demand for wheeled loaders.
The onset of the global financial crisis towards the end of 2008 served to accentuate the problem
and, in 2009, demand fell by a further 27 per cent to reach its lowest level since 2003, just
665 units.
The market began to recover strongly in 2010 in response to buoyant economic conditions and
widespread investment in the construction sector. Demand for wheeled loaders in the important
quarry sector also rose significantly in response to increasing exports of marble to China, and by
the end of 2011 the market had reached its highest recorded level of over 1,500 units.
Since then, sales have remained at historically high levels in excess of 1,100 units annually. The
peak in 2011 came earlier than for most other major product sectors (that for backhoes came in
2013), yet the resultant readjustment in 2014, as concerns over the budget deficit and exchange
rates grew, was also of a lesser magnitude. This relative stability is underlined by the
increasingly regular buying habits of the marble quarrying sector.
124
Table 97. Turkey: Sales of Wheeled Loaders by Horsepower Category, 2014
Horsepower Units %
Under 80 75 7
80-150 45 4
150-180 105 9
180-240 334 29
240-280 225 20
280-310 155 14
Over 310 195 17
Total 1,134 100
The distribution of sizes is strongly in favour of larger machines, with more than 80 per cent of
sales being machines in excess of 180 horsepower. The single best-selling category is the
180-240 horsepower class typified by Volvo’s L110 and L120 loaders. Machines of
300 horsepower and above are also popular with the larger marble quarries and, to a lesser
extent, with ready-mix concrete plants.
At the other end of the market, there has historically been little interest in compact wheeled
loaders under 80 horsepower. For moving smaller quantities of material the use of site dumpers,
or even an agricultural tractor converted for use as a backhoe loader, are the preferred options. In
line with the recent rise in popularity of compact equipment, however, there has been a
discernible trend towards the use of more low powered wheeled loaders, although according to
suppliers interviewed for the purposes of this study, the sector is not expected to grow at the
same rate as that of mini excavators as a result of the embedded market position of the backhoe
loader.
Production
Çukurova previously produced two models of wheeled loader, the 940 and 980, rated at 173 and
225 horsepower respectively, at its Çumitaş plant in Mersin. This year it has introduced a third,
larger model. The 990 is rated at 300 horsepower, has an operating weight of over 24 tonnes and
a bucket capacity of 4.5 m3.
In the 1980s the company produced some Caterpillar models under licence, most notably the
950, nearly 500 of which were built. From the late 1990s until 2004 the main model built was
the 160 horsepower Çukurova 840B. In 2005 the company replaced the 840B with the 940,
powered by a 170 horsepower John Deere engine and aimed at the workhorse 2.5 m3 bucket
125
class. Two years earlier its sister company Çimsataş had begun local assembly of the Liebherr
L554, a product for the 3.5 m3 bucket category, although this manufacturing contract was
terminated in 2007.
Table 98. Turkey: Production of Wheeled Loaders by Manufacturer, 2014
Manufacturer Units %
Çukurova 50 100
Total 50 100
Pi Makina still produces some of the wheeled loader models which it introduced in the middle
of the 1980s. It builds very small volumes, of a range from 80 to 500 horsepower, as is
explained in the company profile.
The production of Komatsu wheeled loaders began in 1989 when Temsa started to build the
model WA320, of 152 horsepower. It ran at a rate varying between 50 and 200 units annually,
depending on the state of the economy, but closed in 2000.
Component Sourcing
Table 99. Çukurova: Component Sourcing for Wheeled Loaders, 2015
Çukurova
Axles Carraro, ZF
Buckets In-house
Cabs In-house
Chassis In-house
Control Valves Parker, Bosch Rexroth, David Brown, Doosan
Engines John Deere
Hydraulic Pumps Eaton, Bosch Rexroth, Kawasaki, David Brown
Loaders In-house
Transmissions Carraro, ZF
The Çukurova plant builds the chassis, fabricates buckets and makes the counterweights, but
bases the machine on the combination of a John Deere engine and a ZF transmission.
126
Market Shares
Table 100. Turkey: Sales of Wheeled Loaders by Manufacturer, 2013-2014
2013 2014
Units % Units %
Volvo 334 24 200 18
Komatsu 230 17 179 16
Kawasaki 165 12 158 14
XCMG 95 7 88 8
LiuGong 43 3 45 4
Doosan 27 2 41 4
Hyundai 57 4 39 4
Lonking 15 1 35 3
Hitachi 14 1 32 3
Liebherr 30 2 25 2
JCB 34 2 18 2
Çukurova 13 1 10 1
Case - - 8 1
New Holland - - 4 -
Total 1,364 100 1,134 100
Four suppliers, Caterpillar, Volvo, Komatsu and Kawasaki dominate the market and between
them account for up to three quarters of sales every year.
Caterpillar and Volvo have both established a powerful presence in the sector, and profited in
the recent past from Komatsu’s declining market share due to the high price of the Japanese Yen.
Both companies’ products are highly regarded by the quarrying and mining sectors, as well as
private civil engineering contractors, and each of the dealers is able to offer a high quality
after-sales service. Caterpillar has recently usurped Volvo’s traditional market leading position
thanks in part to Volvo’s decision to restrict sales to machines with Tier IV engines. This
decision may well pay dividends in the long run, but the rise in initial machine cost, coupled with
concerns – even if largely unfounded – over the availability of fuel of sufficient quality, led to a
six point drop in market share last year.
Komatsu’s dealer Temsa focuses much of its marketing efforts towards promoting the wheeled
loaders within the quarrying sector and to large civil engineering contractors, often as part of
machinery package deals. In the last two years the product has recovered somewhat from
127
uncompetitive pricing relative to its main rivals as a result of the previous strength of the
Japanese Yen.
Fourth place in the market is traditionally the preserve of Enka, with its Japanese Kawasaki
wheeled loaders. Enka tries to monopolise the marble producers of Marmara and even creates
two models especially for them, with nearly 3 tonnes of extra counterweight. The Kawasaki
product is particularly favoured by the quarrying sector for its robustness, ease of maintenance
and reliability. Enka also markets the Hitachi wheeled loader range, albeit in much smaller
volumes.
Of the remaining suppliers, XCMG from China has made the most progress during the last two
years. The dealer, Özmak, is the largest XCMG dealer in Europe and has achieved notable
success by targeting its increasingly well accepted products at cost-conscious private customers.
In 2013 the company began SKD assembly of its biggest selling model, the ZL50G, in a new
purpose-built facility in Izmit. Along with LiuGong and Lonking, Chinese suppliers accounted
for 15 per cent of the market last year. This healthy foothold comes largely as a result of the
machines costing up to a third less than those from international suppliers, though the almost 3-1
price ratio in favour of Chinese suppliers found elsewhere – for example the otherwise similar
market in Saudi Arabia – does not exist due to the cost implications of having to comply with CE
marking. Nevertheless, in spite of concerns remaining over fuel efficiency, after sales support
and, in particular, second hand value, it seems clear that their continued presence in the market is
assured.
Table 101. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Wheeled Loaders, 2015

Case TürkTraktör Komatsu Temsa
Caterpillar Borusan Makina Liebherr Liebherr Turkey
Çukurova Çukurova LiuGong Uygunlar
Doosan SANKO Lonking Gama
Hitachi Enka New Holland TürkTraktör
JCB SIF-JCB Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson
Kawasaki Enka XCMG Özmak
128
The average working life for a wheeled loader is seven to eight years, and often they are simply
kept for as long as possible. They are used mainly in production applications, or in heavy civil
engineering tasks such as dam construction. The number of loaders bought for service use on the
basis of few hours worked each year is negligible. Some used machines have been imported, but
large wheeled loaders are often written off over the duration of a project or are used to extinction.
Off-Highway Research estimates the total population of machines at 7,500 units, balancing the
machines which might be working well beyond the normal life with those which may have been
taken overseas for use by large contractors.
Table 102. Turkey: Population of Wheeled Loaders by Type of User, 2015
Units %
Quarries and Mines 2,025 27
Municipalities 1,500 20
Civil Engineering 1,350 18
General Construction 1,200 16
Sand and Gravel 675 9
Industry 525 7
Cement 225 3
Total 7,500 100
The most significant users are the quarries and mines. When combined with sand and gravel
work, these two sectors account for over a third of all machines currently working in the country.
Construction in its widest sense, including civil engineering and general contracting, comes next,
with another third of machines employed in this sector. The remaining third is split between
municipalities, industry and the cement sector.
Forecast to 2019
Table 103. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Wheeled Loaders, 2015-2019

(Units)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

1,150 1,100 1,200 1,300 1,400
129
The wheeled loader sector is traditionally more stable than that of other products since the
machines are not used in a wide variety of applications, and demand from the main end-user
sector, the marble quarries, is relatively constant. The long term forecast remains optimistic,
particularly given the proposed level of investment in infrastructure, housing and energy related
projects, and this should translate into a buoyant level of demand during the forecast period.
Machines Available
Table 104. Turkey: Wheeled Loaders Available, 2015
Engine Product
Manufacturer Model HP Manufacturer Source
Case 21E 54 FPT Italy
121E 64 FPT Italy
221E 74 FPT Italy
321E 82 FPT Italy
521F 142 FPT Italy
621F 172 FPT Italy
721F 195 FPT Italy
821F 230 FPT Italy
921F 295 FPT Italy
1021F 320 FPT Italy
1121F 347 FPT Italy
1221E 365 Cummins Korea
Caterpillar 906H 69 Caterpillar UK

907H 69 Caterpillar UK
908H 79 Caterpillar UK
914G 95 Caterpillar UK
IT14G 95 Caterpillar UK
924K 146 Caterpillar UK
924Hz 114 Caterpillar UK
928Hz 125 Caterpillar UK
930K 159 Caterpillar UK
938K 173 Caterpillar USA
950K 211 Caterpillar Belgium
988H 482 Caterpillar USA
990 H 627 Caterpillar USA
994F 1,576 Caterpillar USA
Çukurova 940 173 John Deere Turkey

980 225 John Deere Turkey
(continued)
130
Table 104. Turkey: Wheeled Loaders Available, 2015 (continued)
Engine Product
Doosan DL200-3 173 Doosan Korea
DL250-3 173 Doosan Korea
DL420-3 354 Scania Korea
Hitachi ZW65 60 Kubota Netherlands

ZW75 60 Kubota Netherlands
ZW95 71 Kubota Netherlands
ZW140 129 Cummins Netherlands
ZW220-5 194 Cummins Netherlands
ZW250-5 242 Isuzu Netherlands
ZW310-5 285 Hino Netherlands
ZW330-5 285 Hino Netherlands
Hyundai HL730-9 126 Deutz Korea

HL740-9 147 Cummins Korea
JCB 403 36 JCB UK

TM180 62 Deutz UK
TM220 75 Deutz UK
TM320 Wastemaster 130 JCB UK
406 62 JCB UK
407 JCB UK
409 75 JCB UK
411HT-HL 108 JCB UK
417HT-SHL 125 JCB UK
427HT-EZX 158 Cummins UK
437HT-SHL/EZX 173 Cummins UK
457HT-EZX/SHI 250 MTU UK
Kawasaki KS65ZIV-2 130 Isuzu Japan

KS70ZIV-2 160 Isuzu Japan
KS80ZIV-2 177 Nissan Japan
KS95ZIV 340 Cummins Japan
KS115Z 445 Cummins Japan
(continued)
131
Engine Product
Komatsu WA65-6 54 Komatsu Germany
WA70-7 60 Komatsu Germany
WA100M-6 89 Komatsu Germany
WA200PZ-6 95 Komatsu Germany
WA250PZ-6 126 Komatsu Germany
WA320-6 PZ-6 138 Komatsu Germany
WA470-6 LC 274 Komatsu Germany
WA480-6 LC 300 Komatsu Germany
WA500-7 357 Komatsu Japan
WA1200-6 1,892 Komatsu Japan
Liebherr L 506 63 Deutz Austria

L 507 65 Deutz Austria
L 524 117 Liebherr Austria
LiuGong CLG816 63 Yanmar China

CLG835 123 Cummins China
Lonking LG833B 125 Weichai Deutz China

LG843 175 Weichai Deutz China
LG850 220 Weichai China
(continued)
132
Engine Product
New Holland W50BTC 55 FPT Italy
W60BTC 64 FPT Italy
W70BTC 74 FPT Italy
W80BTC 82 FPT Italy
W110C 142 FPT Italy
W130C 172 FPT Italy
W170C 195 FPT Italy
W190C 227 FPT Italy
W230C 242 FPT Italy
W270C 320 FPT Italy
W300C 347 FPT Italy
Volvo L20F 56 Volvo Germany

L25F 59 Volvo Germany
L30G 75 Volvo Germany
L60G 163 Volvo Sweden
L110H 259 Volvo Sweden
L350F 540 Volvo USA
Wacker Neuson WL25 33 Perkins Austria

WL30 48 Perkins Austria
WL37 75 Deutz Austria
(continued)
133
Engine Product
XCMG LW168G 80 Cummins China
ZL30G 124 Perkins China
ZL40G 164 Shanghai Diesel China
ZL50G 220 Shanghai Diesel China
LW640G 240 Shanghai Diesel China
LW800G 336 Shanghai Diesel China
MANUFACTURER PROFILES
ÇUKUROVA
Address: Çukurova Makina Imalat ve Ticaret AŞ

Şahin Mah. Sait Polat Biv. No: 326
Tarsus/Mersin
Tel: +90 (0) 324-616-2678

Website: www.cumitas.com
History: The Çukurova Group is a giant holding company, with a turnover of approximately
$9 billion, and a majority stake in 152 companies ranging from construction and energy, to
communication, technology, media, transportation and financial services. Of these, 19 are
foreign investments and 13 are joint ventures based in Turkey. A total of 36,500 people are
employed in Çukurova companies in Turkey and abroad.
Çukurova Makina Imalat ve Ticaret AŞ (abbreviated to Çumitaş) was founded in 1968 as part of
the Çukurova Group to manufacture agricultural tractors under a licence agreement with
John Deere. Over the next 18 years it produced 26,250 units. In 1986 the company started to
manufacture earthmoving and industrial machines under its own Çukurova brand name.
In 1994 Çukurova signed a technology transfer agreement with Liebherr, as well as becoming the
new importer and distributor of Liebherr earthmoving equipment. The company’s second plant
in Mersin (Çimsataş) moved over to building Liebherr hydraulic excavators, although production
was terminated in early 2008 following the end of Çukurova’s distributor agreement with
Liebherr.
134
The Çumitaş plant today employs 250 people and has reached its annual capacity to produce
2,000 units in its Tarsus-Mersin facility in the south of Turkey.
The company exports its machines to more than 40 countries across the world. What’s more,
through the cast and forged parts and brake systems manufactured in its Mersin factory,
Çukurova has become a supplier to other companies in the construction equipment and
automotive industry such as Liebherr, CNH, ZF, Volvo, Atlas Copco, Mercedes, Daimler and
Renault.
Personnel: 250 people are based at the Tarsus facility.
Product Range
Table 105. Çukurova: Range of Construction Equipment Made in Turkey, 2015
Operating Bucket
Engine Weight Capacity
Product Model HP (Tonnes) (m3)
Backhoe Loaders 880 97 7.9 1.0
883 100 8.0 1.1
885 100 8.1 1.1
888 100 8.7 1.1
Crawler Excavators CMI 723 156 23.0 0.85
Wheeled Loaders 940 173 13.9 2.5

980 225 19.7 3.5
990 300 24.2 4.5
The product line incorporates one hydraulic excavator model; four different models of rigid
2-wheel steered and 4-wheel steered backhoe loaders; three articulated wheeled loaders, the latest
of which, the 990, was launched earlier this year; and five models of hydrostatic, powershift and
electric forklift trucks.
Manufacturing Facilities: The Çumitaş plant is close to the city of Adana, in south central
Turkey, and has a covered area of 14,444 m2 on an 11 hectare site.
Production: Production volumes of the Çukurova-branded products declined significantly at the

end of the last decade but have stabilised during recent years as the parent company has resumed
its focus on construction equipment. In contrast to sales abroad, where it has made progress in
135
expanding the number of countries in which it is active, the company’s attempts to re-invigorate
its domestic distribution network were initially stymied by the impact of the global financial
crisis after 2008. It now hopes that the move away from distribution of other suppliers will allow
its existing dealership to exploit more effectively the opportunities clearly available in the
domestic market.
Table 106. Çukurova: Production of Construction Equipment by Type, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Backhoe Loaders 260 350 380 375 350
Crawler Excavators 10 20 20 20 20
Forklift Trucks 175 300 250 150 150
Wheeled Loaders 60 60 60 40 40
The backhoe loaders still have a good price advantage over equivalent machines from the
imported brands and the main domestic manufacturer Hidromek, but win less than three per cent
of the market. The wheeled loader volumes are still small, with resources initially moved
towards the assembly of fork lift trucks, of which up to 300 units are built annually. Crawler
excavator production began in 2008, but is limited to one 23 tonne model which sells in very
small quantities.
Component Sourcing
Table 107. Çukurova: Component Sourcing for Construction Equipment, 2015
Axles Carraro, ZF
Buckets In-house
Cabs In-house
Control Valves Parker, Bosch Rexroth, David Brown, Doosan
Chassis In-house
Counterweights In-house
Engines Perkins, John Deere
Hydraulic Motors Bosch Rexroth
Hydraulic Pumps Eaton, Bosch Rexroth, Kawasaki, David Brown
Loaders In-house
Undercarriages In-house
The company has a long standing relationship with the UK engine manufacturer Perkins, which
provides the engines for all but the largest model of Çukurova’s backhoe loaders. The wheeled
136
loaders and crawler excavators are fitted with John Deere engines. ZF of Germany supplies most
of the transmissions, and Carraro in Italy supplies the drivetrain on some backhoe loader models.
Domestic Sales Network and Volumes: Prior to 2008 Çukurova products were distributed via
the Çukurova Ithalat branch network. From 2008 to 2014 the company undertook its own
distribution directly in Turkey via a nationwide network of sales and service depots and ‘home
office’ based territory managers. The backhoe loaders and wheeled loaders typically achieve a
disappointing three per cent market share despite competitive pricing. It is hoped the resources
and focus of the Çukurova Ziraat company will see this improve in years to come.
Exports: In recent years the company has significantly increased its focus on export markets
and is currently active in over 41 countries. It operates via independent dealers in Europe (8),
Africa (5), Middle East (5), CIS countries (5), South-East Asia (4) and South America (8).
HIDROMEK
Address: Hidrolik Mekanik Makina Imalat ve Tiçaret Ltd Şti

Organize Sanayi Bölgesi
Osmanlı Cad. No. 1
Sincan
06935 Ankara
Tel: +90 (0) 312-267-1260

Website: www.hidromek.com
Key Personnel: Hasan Basri Bozkurt, Owner.
History: In 1978 a Turkish mechanical engineer, Hasan Bozkurt, formed the company to
convert agricultural tractors into backhoe loaders in Ankara. At the time the converted
agricultural tractor was a popular way to provide a cheap maintenance tool for municipal works
in Turkey. Massey Ferguson and Fiat tractors were mass produced in Turkey in the 1970s, so he
could buy the base unit from the manufacturers, mostly from Uzel, the maker of
Massey Ferguson tractors, and give it a new stronger front axle, a front loader and a backhoe.
The product needed a frame under the body, as Massey Ferguson tractors lacked a chassis at the
time, so much of the work in his Ankara plant consisted of making the machine strong enough
for use as a backhoe loader. The result of his labours sold for about $6,000 each.
The buyers would request new or used tractors as the base, but this did not change the value of
the work done to adapt them. In a typical year 300 of these would be sold, as compared to a
137
maximum of 200 imported specialist machines. The imported machines were seen as a luxury
that buyers could afford only when times were good.
Towards the end of the 1980s the volume of conversions done declined. Mr Bozkurt was already
aware that for every three conversions being done by him and his competitors, there were two
new specialist backhoe loaders being imported from Europe. He could see that the future lay
with these more productive machines, and so he went away to Europe to study his competitors.
In 1989 he began production of a machine based on the designs of the leading European
machines of the time. He went to JCB’s transmission subsidiary ITL to buy an engine and power
train, but designed the machine independently. The Hidromek backhoe loaders now look like
proper earthmoving machines and nothing like products derived from agricultural tractors. The
company moved quickly in 1990 from the first 80 horsepower type, the HMK80, to a standard
100 horsepower design, with an optional four wheel steer type launched in 1991. It has now
stopped doing conversions.
Production of these backhoe loaders outgrew the original premises and moved to a new plant at a
new industrial estate in a different zone of Ankara in 1996. That site became crowded because of
the component manufacturing undertaken before final assembly, so in 2001 the assembly line
moved to Izmir, on the coast. This was especially relevant as exports had begun in 1999. That
plant has assembled more than 12,000 backhoe loaders since its opening, and the company has
produced more than 25,000 units in total.
At the end of the 1990s the managers decided to move into distribution, enriching the product
programme for the sake of the dealers and the branches with imported products. The first move
was to take on the franchise for Kobelco hydraulic excavators in 2000. This was eventually
abandoned in 2004, partly because CNH was due to cease marketing the brand in the region.
In its stead, production of Hidromek’s own hydraulic excavators began in 2002 and in 2005 the
company built a special plant for their assembly. In 2008 it opened a component manufacturing
centre in Ankara, as described below, to serve both product areas.
In 2013, the company broadened both its product range and its manufacturing footprint with the
acquisition of the former Mitsubishi motor grader business operating from a plant in Thailand. It
also took on the franchise for Yanmar mini excavators for distribution in the Turkish market.
This led to speculation that the company would seek to develop into this product range itself, as
it had previously done with hydraulic excavator. However, if this was ever part of the plan, it is
138
certainly no longer the case, the company pointing to the still-small sales and sluggish growth in
the mini excavator market in Turkey as enough reason to avoid entering this sector.
Instead, the company decided to branch into the production of wheeled loaders, a project has now
produced its first prototype machine and which will potentially see mass production start in 2016.
In 2013, Hidromek also expanded closer to home following the purchase of 1,000 acres (405
hectares) of land near its current manufacturing plant and headquarters in Ankara.
Turnover: In 2013 the turnover was $378 million.
Personnel: 1,500.
Product Range: The company currently manufactures three models of backhoe loaders, three
models of crawler excavator models, and two models of wheeled excavators.
Table 108. Hidromek: Product Range, 2015
Operating Digging Bucket

Engine Weight Depth Capacity
Model Manufacturer HP (Tonnes) (m) (m3)
Backhoe Loaders
62SS Kubota 59 3.6 2.75 0.35
102B John Deere 100 8.9 4.5 standard 1.1
Perkins 5.8 telescopic 1.1
102S Perkins 100 9.2 4.5 standard 1.1
5.8 telescopic 1.1
Crawler Excavators
HMK 140 LC Mitsubishi 124 14.4 5.4 0.6
HMK 220 LC Isuzu 162 22.6 6.7 1.0
HMK 300 LC Isuzu 202 31.3 6.8 1.5
HMK 370LC Isuzu 271 38.5 6.5 2.0
Motor Graders
MG330 Mitsubishi 135 10.9 - -
Wheeled Excavators
HMK 140 W Mitsubishi 124 15.8 5.0 0.6
HMK 200 W Isuzu 162 21.8 5.8 0.9
139
Backhoe Loaders
The company has long manufactured two standard backhoe loaders, although in 2010 it launched
a mini backhoe loader, the HMK 62SS model, based on a skid-steer drive principle.
The 102B model is the rigid chassis 4WD type, while the 102S model is the four wheel steer and
4WD machine. Both are designed on similar lines to the products of the European market
leaders and have capacities to equal or better them. The latest incarnation of the product is the
new Supra series launched this year, which features a 4.5 litre turbocharged John Deere engine
compliant with Tier 3 and Stage 3a emissions regulations; Perkins engines are used for machines
destined for markets with less strict emissions controls. The machines feature a new cab design,
plastic hydraulic tanks, new lights and a Turner rather than ZF transmission.
The HMK62SS mini backhoe loader is powered by a 60 horsepower Kubota engine. This is a
rigid frame, skid steer-machine weighing 3.5 tonnes which has been designed and developed
in-house. The front loader bucket has a capacity of 0.35 m3 (with a breakout force of 3,690 kgf)
and the sideshift backhoe has a standard backhoe bucket capacity of 0.05 m3 and digs down to
2.7 metres.
Hydraulic Excavators
The company is aiming at having, in the medium term, a full range of hydraulic excavators from
16 tonnes upwards. In late 2005 it manufactured two models. Starting within a size that is very
popular in the region, it launched a 22 tonne crawler type, with a Cummins engine and classic
Japanese hydraulic system in 2002, followed by the wheeled type, on a European base but with
the same hydraulic system, in 2003. In 2005 it began to offer an alternative of a Mitsubishi
engine in the crawler excavator but a more significant introduction came in 2006, in the form of
the 31 tonne 300LC model.
Three years later in 2009, came the launch of the 37 tonne machine, the 370LC model, at the
same time as the second wheeled excavator, the 15 tonne 140W model. At the end of 2010
production of a crawler equivalent, the 140LC model, began.
The company has also confirmed that it is to extend its crawler excavator range further still with
the development of a machine with an operating weight of around 50 tonnes. The new model has
an Isuzu engine, with a prototype on show at the 2015 Intermat trade exhibition.
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Manufacturing Facilities: Since 2008 the company has had five plants in existence.
The original plant, close to the city of Ankara, in central Turkey, dates from 1978 and began the
conversion of agricultural tractors into backhoe loaders. It is currently the home of the after sales
and spare parts services as well as second-hand operations – trade-ins of used machines are
starting to be a factor in Turkey in the purchase of new machines.
In 1996 the production of backhoe loaders moved to a new, larger plant at a new industrial estate
at Sincan, an area of outer Ankara, alongside all the manufacturing of the chassis, cylinders,
buckets and booms. That site was modern but became very crowded. It extended to only
3.1 hectares, with 17,000 m2 of covered area. Now it produces parts and steelwork for use in the
company’s excavator range.
In January 2001 the backhoe loader assembly plant, on a new site in the Free Trade Zone of
Izmir, on the coast began production. All models of backhoe are produced here, with the
exception of the compact 62SS model. The plant is ideal to receive the components bought from
Europe and to export finished machines.
The plant in Sincan continued with welding of the booms and chassis and in 2002 began
assembly of hydraulic excavators. Two years later Hidromek bought a further 17,000 m2 of land
adjoining the site and, during 2005, created a completely new assembly hall for hydraulic
excavators. It is a large building, across a small road from the welding shops and is theoretically
capable of assembling 3,000 excavators per year. Full production began in early 2006. It is
partly fed by components produced across the road in the second plant.
In 2008 the company opened a completely new components plant in the expansion of the Sincan
Industrial Zone of Ankara. It has 19,000 m2 of covered area on a 4 hectare site. It has taken on
the cutting centre machinery from the first plant, as well as having newly bought machine tools.
This fourth plant supplies both product assembly lines but is focussed on components for
backhoe loaders.
Subsequently, the company has also acquired a new production facility in Thailand following the
purchase of the motor grader business from Mitsubishi. Under the agreement, Hidromek
purchased all Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ (MHI) motor grader operations, including related
technologies, design expertise and servicing operations, as well as ownership of MHI-Pornchai
Machinery Co Ltd, a production base in Thailand that occupies a site of 14,000 m2, of which
5,000 m2 is covered, and employs some 150 people.
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More recently, the company has embarked on a new project to build another large production
facility close to its existing sites in Ankara. The intended development of wheeled loaders as a
new product line, plus the realisation that the current excavators production site has become too
small, prompted the development of the new location, which will evolve to include new
excavator manufacturing facilities, a home for the development and eventual production of
wheeled loaders, a customer and demonstration centre, a dedicated R&D facility as well as
training facilities and after sales support. The total land area of the new plant will be 120,000 m2,
of which 80,000 m2 will be covered.
Production
Table 109. Hidromek: Production of Construction Equipment, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Backhoe Loaders 1,600 2,204 2,807 3,224 1,690
Hydraulic Excavators:
– Crawler 350 475 815 943 716
– Wheeled 85 111 126 97 60
As the company first devoted itself fully to building backhoe loaders in the early 1990s, the
annual production rate rose to over 300 units by 1994. After that the unfortunate recurring crises
of the Turkish economy meant that volumes regularly went down after a few good years. The
answer was to develop export markets, but after the opening of the new assembly plant in Izmir
output was still no higher in 2002 than eight years before.
Thereafter there was a complete revolution in the scale of production, with the 2004 total being
three times as high as that of 2002. By then exports accounted for 40 per cent of the machines
made. Production then continued to grow strongly, boosted by the extension of the export dealer
network. Growth of more than 60 per cent in 2005 was followed by more, rapid expansion in the
next two years, which also saw a massive increase in the home market. In 2008 the home market
slumped earlier than the international demand, and by 2009 output was 66 per cent down on that
seen only two years earlier.
Overall output then grew more than seven-fold in the next five years, reaching a new record of
3,224 units in 2013. Growth has been inspired not just by the surge in domestic demand, but also
by the re-focussed export strategy and the subsequent success in important backhoe loader
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markets such as Russia and Algeria. Nevertheless, the slowdown in domestic sales last year and,
more notably, the rapid decline in the Russian market due that country’s economic problems saw
production almost halve in 2014.
Hydraulic excavator production began on a serial basis in 2004. The task of persuading buyers
away from the well-known names inevitably took time, and the volumes built initially reflected
that enormous challenge. By 2007, however, output was more than 350 units, with a mix of
90 per cent crawler excavators, 10 per cent wheeled. After that, the world crisis affected many
markets and by 2009 output was at below 50 per cent of the level of two years earlier.
Nevertheless, the next five years have seen production levels soar. From just 165 units
manufactured in 2009, the company produced more than 1,000 machines for the first time in
2013, once again at the ratio of one wheeled model for every 10 crawler models (although prior
to this, production of wheeled machines has accounted for up to 24 per cent of the total). Even
after the decline to just under 800 units in 2014, this remains the third highest volume of
excavator production in the company’s history.
Component Sourcing
Table 110. Hidromek: Component Sourcing for Construction Equipment, 2015
Backhoe Loaders Hydraulic Excavators

Axles ZF, Carraro NAF, ZF
Cabs Hisarlar Hisarlar
Control Valves Husco, Bosch Rexroth Toshiba, Kayaba
Engines Perkins, John Deere Mitsubishi, Isuzu
Hydraulic Motors - Travel motors – Teijin Seiki, Bosch Rexroth
Swing motors – Toshiba
Hydraulic Pumps David Brown Kawasaki
Loaders In-house -
Transmissions ZF, Turner ZF (wheeled)
Tyres LasSA LasSA
Undercarriages - In-house
For the backhoe loaders the plant in Sincan, Ankara builds the chassis, fabricates buckets and
makes both the loaders and the backhoes, as well cylinders. The company buys components with
the guiding principle that everything which goes into the machine should be as good as the
corresponding elements of any imported machine. Thus it began with JCB transmissions and
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axles, although the recently launched Supra series now incorporates John Deere engines and
Turner drivetrains. The hammer is a popular option and Hidromek markets the Montabert and
Lifton breakers in its own colours. For the domestic market only, it offers the Korean Demo
breaker, for which it is the official importer.
The excavators are based on tried and tested Japanese components, as used by the competitors.
The crawler undercarriage is made in-house and fitted with Japanese travel motors and Italian
running gear. The wheeled version, however, has more of a European influence, since the
gearbox is from ZF and drives NAF axles from Germany. The plant in Sincan, Ankara builds the
chassis and fabricates buckets.
Distribution and Service: The sales and marketing operations are based at the head office in
Sincan. Hidromek sells its own products from there and from further branches in:
• Ankara • Istanbul Europe

• Antalya • Izmir
• Bursa • Kayseri
• Denizli • Samsun
• Diyarbakir • Tarsus
• Elaziğ • Trabzon
• Istanbul Anatolia
It has no independent stocking dealers in Turkey. The essence of the marketing strategy is that
since the product is supposed to be first class, then the after sales service must be similar. This
effort is organised from after sales centres in Ankara, Tarsus, Trabzon, Bursa and Elaziğ. There
are no fewer than 56 authorised workshops and eight mobile after sales teams. There is a
training school at the original plant and a service department. Hidromek, for example, runs
courses on the servicing of some bought-in components which are directed by staff from the
supplier company itself.
Domestic Sales
Hidromek remains by far the most important domestic supplier of backhoe loaders, with a strong
reputation in municipalities and with private contractors, to whom it has been selling machines
for 30 years. In 2011 it finally outsold its nearest competitor and perennial market leader JCB to
capture market leadership of the backhoe sector, a position it has retained since then. The
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company’s reputation in the industry is now firmly established, and the quality of its product and
after sales back-up are well accepted by the local government buying departments and private
contractors alike.
Table 111. Hidromek: Sales of Construction Equipment in Turkey, 2012-2014

(Units)
2012 2013 2014

Backhoe Loaders 1,778 1,639 1,284
Hydraulic Excavators:
– Crawler 743 798 616
– Wheeled 60 53 49
Crawler excavator sales have risen significantly in the last two years. In 2011 the company
secured third position in the sector with a market share of 13 per cent; since then it has also
become market leader in this sector, a remarkable achievement particularly given the reputation
of the established suppliers. The wheeled excavator sector in Turkey is of relatively minor
importance, although Hidromek currently commands a market share of around 21 per cent.
Export Sales
The company now has representatives in 44 countries, having begun only in 1999, and aims to
eventually have 70. The names of the main importers are shown below.
The Tunisian dealer was the earliest to be appointed, in 1999. In Western Europe the largest
number of dealerships is the group created to cover Spain, and this remains the case even though
the market size has been reduced dramatically. The company has expanded its coverage in
France since the last report to 19 dealers, and the most recent appointments were in Scandinavia,
where the company now has active representation in Norway, Sweden and Finland.
The creation of an export network that can regularly take considerable volumes of products is the
biggest change since 2000. Export sales of backhoe loaders grew quickly until 2007. After
declining by about 45 per cent in 2008, a similar rate to that of the European market as a whole,
export sales fell by 50 per cent in 2009. Since then they have grown steadily again in absolute
terms, even if the overall proportion accounted for by export sales has not risen due to the growth
of and the company’s strong position in the domestic market.
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In Western Europe the best market success during the initial expansion period was Spain, where
the company still has 31 dealers and sold nearly 150 units in 2006 and 2007 to win a market
share around four per cent. The well-known crash of the Spanish market after that time clearly
affected the export volume in a disappointing way. Sales collapsed by 90 per cent in 2009 and
Hidromek sales there fell to only 22 units. The situation in Spain has remained dire ever since,
and sales have been in single figures for the past three years. In contrast, the company has seen
sales grow nearly five times in the same period in France (admittedly to still just 19 units last
year), where it now has 19 dealers.
Elsewhere there have been significant successes in Bulgaria, Algeria, Tunisia, Iran and, more
recently, Russia, which accounted for more than a third of total exports until the significant
decline experienced last year. Here, the recently established network of 15 dealers with 29
outlets has seen market share more than double in the past three years, from four to nine per cent,
out of a total market estimated prior to the recent economic and political upheaval at 6,000 units.
Exports of hydraulic excavators are still at an early stage, at least compared to the success of
backhoe loaders. Markets where sales have happened already include Spain, North Africa and
Eastern Europe. After 2006, when the new assembly plant opened, sales in export markets
exceeded 100 units per year and were growing fast. However, as a new entrant the company was
no more able to withstand the pressure of the market downturn than any competitor and sales
slowed markedly in 2009. Sales have recovered since then, with more than 200 units sold abroad
in 2013, equating to slightly more than 20 per cent of production for crawler models and slightly
less for wheeled machines
The excavators have begun to establish themselves in some unusual markets, particularly those
where the backhoe loaders have already made a name for the company, such as North Africa and
Bulgaria. Other countries where sales have been recorded on a regular basis include Poland,
Israel, Russia – which will no doubt be an increasingly significant target in the years to come –
and, more recently, Sweden.
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PI MAKINA
Address: Pi Makina Otomotiv Insaat Ticaret ve Sanayi AŞ

Konya Yolu 23 Km
06831 Gölbasi-Ankara
Tel: +90 (0) 312-484-0800

Website: www.pimakina.com.tr
Key Personnel: Yaşar Yiloir, Vice General Manager.
History: Two civil engineering contractors, Mr Gegin and Mr Erbilgin, founded the Erg Group
in the mid-1960s. It is now one of the leading contractors in Turkey, building, for instance, since
1998 the second highest dam in the world in North-East Turkey.
The company subsequently expanded into the area of construction equipment manufacturing to
take advantage of the government’s wish to protect young Turkish industries and Pi Makina was
established in 1974. Its first products were crushers, batching plants and asphalt plants.
It then moved into mobile construction equipment, designing and manufacturing wheeled and
crawler excavators, crawler dozers and loaders, wheeled loaders, motor graders, compaction
equipment, truck-mounted concrete mixers and even tipper trucks. It also added tower cranes
and concrete pumps. Pi Makina developed all its own designs, rather than using licensed
technology, and had the largest range of products made in Turkey.
The Pi Makina plant also became idle in the early 1990s. The labour force went down to 130
people, and much of the work which they did was to help maintain the Erg fleet of Caterpillar,
Komatsu, Case, Pi Makina and other machines. The parent company kept itself alive by going
into other fields, such as textiles, shipping and tile-making machinery. After 1995, however, the
building economy improved and production was revived at the Pi Makina plant.
Production of mobile construction equipment was eventually halted in 2006, and more recently
the plant was heavily involved in making structural steel for the Artvin dam, an Erg project in
Turkey. This is the third highest dam in the world at 250 metres, and has required an enormous
amount of steel work, 12,000 tonnes per year. Production of machinery in recent years has
therefore focused on concrete pumps and rock crushers.
Personnel: 650.
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Manufacturing Facilities: The plant is on a large site 23 kilometres south of Ankara. It covers
18 hectares and has a covered area of 95,000 m2. There are now three large halls and two smaller
ones, which allow the company to cut and weld large pieces such as booms, chassis pieces and
elements for the fixed plants for asphalt.
SANKO İS VE TARIM MAKİNALARI SANAYİ VE TİCARET
Address: SANKO İş ve Tarım Makinaları Sanayi ve Ticaret A.Ş.

4 Organize Sanayi Bölgesi
83414 Nolu Cad.
No: 124/1
Şehitkamil/Gaziantep
Tel: +90 (0) 216-453-0400

Fax: +90 (0) 216-453-0401
Website: www.mst-tr.com
Key Personnel: Ertan Pasa, Board Member.
History: MST, called Mastaş prior to 1995, is Turkey’s oldest backhoe loader manufacturer and
was established in Izmir in 1976. It began by converting agricultural tractors into backhoe
loaders and initially concentrated on marketing its products in the Izmir area, although its
reputation later spread all over Turkey. A network of dealers was created to find orders for the
plant, which essentially took Massey Ferguson Turkish-made tractors and added a bucket and a
backhoe at the rear to make a substitute for an imported backhoe loader. The company continued
to be mainly a converter of agricultural tractors until 1995, when it launched a competitor to the
Hidromek type of machine. That machine, the MST, was based on the driveline supplied by ITL
of the UK, a JCB subsidiary.
In November 2003, Sanko Construction Machinery Trade Company took over the MST
company. Sanko Machinery Marketing and Trading Corporation is the construction equipment
trading division of the Sanko Group, with its main focus being the Doosan franchise. Sanko
Machinery built a new plant in Gaziantep in 2005, and production of all MST-branded backhoe
loaders was transferred there. In 2008 production of telescopic handlers was also initiated at the
new plant. The operation in Izmir remains an OEM manufacturer of mobile crushers and
screening equipment, which are marketed in Turkey under the Mastaş brand name, and in export
markets under various brand names. It also manufactures components such as frames, hydraulic
cylinders and buckets for the production operation in Gaziantep. In 2012, Sanko Construction
and Agricultural Machinery Company was established and MST brand was taken over by this
148
company, while the Sanko Construction Machinery Trade company remained mainly as a
distributor of Doosan branded construction machinery.
Personnel: The Sanko Construction and Agricultural Machinery Company employs around 500
people, of whom 300 are based at the Gaziantep plant, 100 at the Ödemis plant and a further 100
work in sales and after sales departments.
Product Range: The backhoe loader product line consists of four models which are available as
a rigid chassis 2WD/4WD type, or a 2WS/4WS machine. The telescopic handler range
comprises seven models with lift capacities ranging from 3-4 tonnes and lift heights of 6.35-16.3
metres.
Table 112. Sanko: Product Range, 2015
Operating Bucket
Engine Weight Digging Depth Capacity
Model HP Manufacturer (Tonnes) (m) (m3)
Backhoe Loaders
MST 544 100 Perkins 9.2 5.4 1.2
MST 542 100 Perkins 8.9 5.4 1.2
MST 642 100 Perkins 8.9 5.4 1.2
MST 644 100 Perkins 9.2 5.4 1.2
Telescopic Handlers Lift Capacity Lift Height (m)

ST 740 100 Perkins 4.0 6.35 -
ST 835 100 Perkins 3.5 7.8 -
ST 935 100 Perkins 3.5 8.7 -
ST 940 100 Perkins 4.0 8.7 -
ST 1135 100 Perkins 3.5 11.0 -
ST 1335 100 Perkins 3.5 13.0 -
ST 1730 100 Perkins 3.0 16.3 -
Manufacturing Facilities: The original plant was in Ödemis, 100 kilometres east of Izmir in the
Boz Daglari mountains. The new plant in Gaziantep covers 500,000 m2, of which 42,000 m2 is
covered, and produces the MST range of backhoe loaders and the ST range of telescopic
handlers.
Production
From 1975 to the late 1990s, the company converted about 7,000 tractors to backhoe loaders.
Since then the market has moved permanently in favour of a more sophisticated concept,
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although the managers originally backed the wrong idea in the form of an articulated backhoe
loader, which did not sell well. This MST product, good as it was, could not save the company
from losing its independence in the aftermath of the 2001 crisis.
Table 113. SANKO: Production of Construction Equipment, 2014
Units
Telehandlers 150
Since 2004, Sanko has been an effective dealer for the company and its market share increased to
around 10 per cent in 2011, as the market accelerated quickly. Further proof of the successful
adaptation to current market requirements is provided by a current market share of 13 per cent.
Perhaps even more impressive has been the company’s success in the rapidly developing
telehandler market. Although volumes remain low as the machine concept has yet to be fully
adopted by the construction sector, while the agricultural sector remains largely un-mechanised
to the requisite level of sophistication for these machines to be widely used, the company claims
third place in terms of sales. Last year it had a market share of 15 per cent, behind only
internationally-renowned suppliers Manitou and JCB. The significance of this presence is likely
to stand the company in good stead as the market continues to grow, with expansion of more than
10 per cent per year anticipated.
Component Sourcing
Table 114. Sanko: Component Sourcing for Construction Equipment, 2015
Backhoe Loaders Telehandlers

Axles Carraro Dana
Cabs In-house Escar
Control Valves Husco Din oil, Bosch Rexroth
Engines Perkins Perkins
Hydraulic Cylinders In-house In-house
Hydraulic Pumps Casappa, Bosch Rexroth Bosch Rexroth, Casappa
Loaders In-house In-house
Steering Units Danfoss Bosch Rexroth
Transmissions Carraro Bosch Rexroth
Tyres Various Various

150
For its backhoe loaders Sanko builds the chassis, buckets, loader and backhoe. It has switched
from ITL to Carraro transmissions and axles, and fits Perkins engines in both models of backhoe
loader and to the complete telescopic handler range.
Distribution and Service: Sanko utilises a direct sales policy via its 10 regional offices.
Sales
Table 115. SANKO: Sales of Construction Equipment, 2010-2014

(Units)
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Backhoe Loaders 211 314 586 496 428
Telehandlers 25 44 57 62 78
Around 50 per cent of backhoe loader production and up to 50 per cent of telescopic handler
production is exported. Sanko has an extensive overseas distributor network in over 40
countries, with the main export markets being North Africa, Russia, CIS, Central Asia and the
Middle East.
Other successful markets include Poland, the Balkans, Bulgaria, Portugal, Spain, South Africa
and Israel.
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Table 116. Turkey: Distributors of Construction Equipment and Their Franchises, 2015
Asphalt Backhoe Compaction Crawler Dozers Dump Hydraulic Mini Mobile Motor Rough Terrain Skid-Steer
Finishers Loaders Equipment & Loaders Trucks Excavators Excavators Compressors Mobile Cranes Graders Lift Trucks Loaders Wheeled Loaders
ASCENDUM Volvo Volvo Volvo Volvo Volvo Volvo Chicago Pneumatic Sany Volvo Volvo Volvo, SDLG
Atlas Copco Atlas Copco
Borusan Makina Caterpillar Caterpillar Caterpillar Caterpillar Caterpillar Caterpillar, Caterpillar, Caterpillar Caterpillar, Genie Caterpillar Caterpillar, Mecalac
Mecalac Mecalac
Cermak Takeuchi
Çukurova Ziraat Çukurova Çukurova Çukurova
DAS Oto Terex
Dizel Turbo Terex
Enka Atlas Copco Atlas Copco Bell Hitachi Hitachi Tadano, Tadano Faun, Kawasaki, Hitachi
Hitachi Sumitomo
Gama Zoomlion Mustang Lonking
Hamamcioğlu Bobcat Doosan Bobcat Bobcat
Hasel Terex Kobelco, Terex Kobelco, Terex Terex Terex Terex
HCS Liebherr >300 t
Hidromek Hidromek Hidromek Yanmar
HMF Hyundai Hyundai Hyundai Hyundai Hyundai
INAN Makina IHIMER IHIMER
Kale Kubota Gehl Kubota, Gehl
Karun Grove, Manitowoc
Karyer Bomag Bomag HBM Nobas JLG
Liebherr Turkey Liebherr Liebherr Liebherr Liebherr <300 t Liebherr Liebherr
Maats Manitou
Özmak XCMG XCMG XCMG XCMG XCMG
SANKO – Doosan Doosan Doosan Doosan Doosan Doosan
SANKO - MST MST MST MST
SIF JCB JCB JCB JCB JCB JCB JCB JCB
Temsa Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu Komatsu
TSM Global Ammann Ammann Sumitomo
TürkTraktör Case, Case, Case, Case, Case, Case,
New Holland New Holland New Holland New Holland New Holland New Holland
Uygunlar LiuGong LiuGong LiuGong, Dressta Kato, LiuGong LiuGong LiuGong LiuGong LiuGong
Wacker Neuson Wacker Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson Wacker Neuson,
Neuson Weidemann
Wirtgen Ankara Vögele Hamm
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DISTRIBUTOR PROFILES
ASCENDUM TÜRKIYE
Address: ASCENDUM Makina Ticaret A.Ş

Fatih Mah Katip Çelebi Cad. No.43
PK 34956
Tuzla
Tel: +90 (0) 216-581 8000

Website: www.ascturk.com
Key Personnel: Mahir Hocaoğlu, CEO.
History: Volvo has a long history of involvement in the Turkish market dating back to 1951,
when it appointed an importer for Volvo farm machinery that later moved into construction
equipment. In 1998 it was acquired by the Swedish parent company, and became the
construction equipment division of Volvo’s new operations in Turkey.
In April 2008 the wholly-owned subsidiary company, Volvo Otomotiv Türk Ltd., moved into
new headquarters in the Kadiköy district, on the Asian side of Istanbul, since it had outgrown the
previous location in Merter. The company was subsequently established as the main hub for
sales and marketing of Volvo construction equipment in Turkey and Central Asia, with
responsibility for business in: Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Georgia; Turkmenistan; Uzbekistan;
Armenia; Kyrgyzstan and Tadjikistan.
In July 2010, this subsidiary was acquired by the Portuguese Ascendum Group, one of the largest
Volvo construction equipment dealers in the world. The company began life in 1958 as the car
and truck dealer for Volvo in central Portugal. It has been the national dealer for Volvo
construction equipment since 1970, and has also owned the company importing Volvo
construction equipment into Spain since 1999. In 2004 it took over the distribution of Volvo
construction equipment in five American states, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina,
South Carolina and eastern Tennessee. ASCENDUM group also took over the responsibility for
construction equipment distribution for Mexico in 2012 and eight countries in Central Europe in
2013.
Ascendum Türkiye is now responsible for the marketing of Volvo construction equipment in
Turkey and Northern Cyprus.
153
Turnover: In 2014 the turnover of the Turkish operation was €180 million, constituting around
30 per cent of the Ascendum Group’s total revenues.
Personnel: The company employs 200 people to work on construction equipment.
Franchises
Table 117. Ascendum Türkiye : Range of Franchises, 2015
Manufacturer Machine Types

Chicago Pneumatic Breakers
Sandvik Mobile crushers
Sany Crawler cranes, piling machines, port equipment
SDLG Wheeled loaders
Volvo All construction equipment
Distribution and Service: The company has five branches. It also employs the services of four
sub-dealers to cover the country. The dealers and their approximate territories are:
• Akça: West Coast

• Ceylan: South and South-East
• Artesa: Northern Cyprus
• Ekbiç: Black sea
Sales
Table 118. Ascendum Türkiye: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Articulated Dump Trucks 63
Asphalt Finishers 2
Backhoe Loaders 123
Compactors 18
Crawler Excavators 287
Mini Excavators 23
Motor Graders 45
Wheeled Excavators 2
Wheeled Loaders 200
Total 763
154
Wheeled loaders and crawler excavators account for the bulk of construction equipment turnover,
and the company has achieved significant success in the marble quarrying sector due to the fuel
efficiency and reliability of its wheeled loaders. High value products, such as motor graders and
asphalt pavers, sell in smaller volumes but have achieved good market shares; then impact of the
decision to source graders and backhoe loaders under the SDLG brand from China remains to be
seen. SANY mobile cranes have been in the market for almost one year now and the company
considers it to have been a successful introduction.
Future Developments: Ascendum has successfully incorporated the former Volvo subsidiary
operational systems into its own Group structure and will now hope to consolidate its presence in
the important crawler excavator and wheeled loader sectors. Increasing focus will also be
applied to the growing market for compact equipment, in particular mini excavators.
ATLAS COPCO
Address: Atlas Copco Makinalari Imalat AŞ

Istasyon Mah. Ibiş Ağa Cad. No: 6
34940 Tuzla-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-581-0-581

Website: www.atlascopco.com.trus
Key Personnel: Erdem Tuzunalp, General Manager
History: Atlas Copco has been present in Turkey for many decades and the company’s plant in
Istanbul manufactured about 7,000 mobile compressors from the early 1960s until 1989. It now
imports all its machines from Belgium. All Atlas Copco business activities in Turkey are
administered by the company’s wholly owned subsidiary in Tuzla.
Following Atlas Copco’s acquisition of the Dynapac road building machinery business in 2007, a
dedicated division was established at the Tuzla headquarters which acts as a sales administration
hub for the complete formerly Dynapac-branded product line in the following markets: Turkey,
Azerbaijan, Georgia, Armenia, Turkmenistan and Central Asia. In Turkey, however, 90 per cent
of this business is covered by an independent dealer, Enka, although a small number of sales are
handled directly by the Atlas Copco subsidiary in Tuzla.
Personnel: 150. There are nine full time employees working on mobile compressors. Around
the country five service engineers, and more than 30 mobile technicians work on all Atlas Copco
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products in use in Turkey, including the mobiles. The road construction equipment division
comprises three people, two of whom are based in Istanbul and one in Ankara.
Distribution and Service: The company has its head office in Istanbul and five regional offices
in:
• Adana • Bursa • Trabzon

• Ankara • Izmir
The office in Ankara also has a parts and machinery depot.
Atlas Copco itself undertakes the servicing of machines, and the size of its service fleet ensures
that it is far ahead of any competition. Atlas Copco Turkey has started a rental fleet and is very
keen to expand the rental business in the long term.
Sales: Atlas Copco is the market leader and has been so for many years. When it manufactured
mobile compressors in Turkey in the 1960s to 1980s, it enjoyed a market share of about 60 per
cent. Given the weaknesses of its competitors and the lack of strong local competition, it now
regularly achieves a market share of nearly 80 per cent. It dominates the market in the categories
below 10 m3/min and all other sizes.
BORUSAN MAKINA
Address: Borusan Makina Servis ve Ticaret AŞ

Meclisi Mebusan Cad. 101A
34427 Salıpazarı-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 212-393-5500

Website: www.bmgs.com.tr
Key Personnel: Ercumënt Inanç, General Manager
History: Borusan is a steel pipes producer and has become a holding company with diversified
interests, such as the BMW and Land Rover car franchises for Turkey. When Caterpillar
terminated its agreement with Çukurova in 1993, Borusan was the successful bidder to take over
the franchise. It began selling Caterpillar equipment in 1994. In practice the subsidiary
company, Borusan Makina, focuses on Caterpillar construction equipment as an associated
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company, Borusan Power Systems, handles Caterpillar industrial and marine engines, and
generating sets.
Borusan is active in developing Caterpillar franchises in the CIS and has subsidiaries in several
important territories, namely Kazakhstan, Azerbaijan, Kyrgyzstan and Georgia.
Personnel: 500 in Turkey.
Franchises
Table 119. Borusan Makina: Range of Construction Equipment Franchises, 2015
Company Products
Caterpillar Complete construction equipment range
Genie Telescopic handlers, access platforms
Mecalac Hydraulic excavators
Metso Crushers and screens
In addition to the comprehensive range of Caterpillar construction equipment products, Borusan

Makina also distributes telescopic handlers and access platforms from Genie, multi-function
excavators from Mecalac and crushing and screening products from Metso.
Distribution and Service: The company still has its head office in the European part of Istanbul
as well as nine regional branches. It has also created a network of around 94 Authorised Sales
and Service Centres to complete its coverage of the country. The network in Turkey is the
largest in the industry, and reflects the fact that Caterpillar equipment has been in use there for
over 50 years.
Sales: Borusan has attracted much attention with its vigorous marketing of the Caterpillar range
in recent years, and it has the advantage of not being rooted in the past when heavyweight
machines ruled the business, even if the company’s traditional strengths are hydraulic excavators
and wheeled loaders. The position is still good in traditional products, like the motor graders and
crawler dozers where it has the usual dominant position of the typical Caterpillar dealer. It has
also improved significantly in compaction equipment, where it used to sell almost nothing at all
and is now not far behind the market leaders. This position has been helped by the company’s
understanding of and enthusiasm for the growing rental sector, in which it is particularly active.
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Table 120. Borusan: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Articulated Dump Trucks 3
Asphalt Finishers 2
Backhoe Loaders 277
Compaction Equipment 45
Crawler Dozers 83
Crawler Loaders 6
Mini Excavators 47
Motor Graders 108
Rigid Dump Trucks 3
Skid-Steer Loaders 65
Telescopic Handlers 44
Wheeled Loaders 3
Total 1,134
CERMAK
Address: CEREN MAKINA Ithalat Ihracat Pazarlama Ltd Sirketi

Esenler Sanayi Sitesi 3, Blok No. 4
PK 34303
Başakşehir - Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 212-671 57 44

Website: www.cerenmakina.com
Key Personnel: Caner Ilkbağ, Director.

Fuat Alyar, Managing Partner.
History: Ceren Makina was established in 2010 as the exclusive importer for Takeuchi compact
equipment. The company has existed since 1997 as a sub-dealer for JCB, although its two
owners recognised the growing potential for mini excavators and decided to relinquish their JCB
interests in favour of establishing the Takeuchi brand in Turkey. The new company is a
specialised compact equipment dealer and focuses almost exclusively on the mini excavator
sector.
Turnover: €10 million.
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Personnel: 35.
Franchises
Table 121. Cermak: Range of Construction Equipment Franchises, 2015
Company Products
Takeuchi Mini excavators, compact tracked loaders
Distribution and Service: The company’s headquarters is located in Ikitelli, on the European
side of Istanbul. In addition, it operates a nationwide network of 34 authorised service
sub-dealers, up from 18 in 2012, and has five ‘home office’ based salesmen throughout the
country.
Sales
Table 122. Cermak: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 145
Total 164
Cermak began delivering Takeuchi mini excavators in mid-2011 and immediately established a
significant presence in the sector. This impetus was carried forward into 2012 when the
company sold nearly 80 units in the first eight months of the year, achieving market leadership in
the increasingly important 0-5 tonne mini excavator sector. Since then it has fought hard for
market leadership with the Kubota dealer Kale.
Future Developments: The company has successfully embraced the challenge of establishing a
new brand in the mini excavator market and has the advantage of representing one of the world’s
leading manufacturers of compact equipment. In the medium term the company is hoping to
establish a market for compact tracked loaders, a product virtually unknown in the Turkish
market, and to this end began importing the Takeuchi product line in early 2013. It is also
conscious of the significant role the second hand value of a machine will play in the development
of the mini excavator market, and says it is now seeing the reward of having worked hard to
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establish both the concept of the machine and a significant population of Takeuchi-branded
products. An efficient network for sales of spares and parts is also central to the company’s
plans.
ÇUKUROVA ZIRAAT
Address: Çukurova Ziraat End. ve Tic. AŞ

İçmeler Mah. D-100 Karayolu Tersaneler Kavşağı No:36 Tuzla
İstanbul
Tel: +90 216 625 15 00

Website: www.cukurovaziraat.com.tr
Key Personnel: Ediz Calapoglu, General Manager.
History: In 1963 the Çukurova group of companies founded Çukurova Ziraat Endustrisi ve
Ticaret to take over the marketing of John Deere farm machinery, which the sister company
Çukurova Ithalat had been selling since 1946. In the middle of the 1980s the link with
John Deere ended and the company began to sell Sumitomo construction equipment. In 1996 it
took over the Case construction equipment franchise, and that of Merlo telehandlers in 2002,
although renounced the latter in 2008. It started representing the Swiss compaction equipment
manufacturer Ammann in 2004.
These were not the first venture by the Çukurova group into the construction equipment business,
however: for 50 years it was the Caterpillar dealer for Turkey, but the two partners fell out in the
early 1990s and Caterpillar parted from Çukurova formally in 1993. In 1994 the company
became the new importer and distributor of Liebherr earthmoving equipment. The Fermec
franchise for backhoe loaders and skid-steer loaders was added in 1995 and that of Manitou in
1999. The company’s Çimsataş plant, which had from 1981 to 1993 manufactured Caterpillar
crawler loaders and wheeled loaders, moved over to building Liebherr hydraulic excavators. The
loss of the Liebherr franchise in 2008, however, has resulted in the closure of excavator
production at the Mersin plant (where it nevertheless continues to produce excavator parts,
including undercarriages and blades). Subsequently, sister company Çukurova Ithalat was
awarded the New Holland construction equipment franchise in Spring 2008.
All of the dealership arrangements have now also changed. In 2014, the company ended its
agreements with both CNHI franchises and indeed with Ammann and Sumitomo as well (these
are now distributed by TürkTraktör and TSM Global respectively – see separate profiles).
Instead, the company has decided to focus on the distribution of its own-brand construction
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equipment, of which it produces three ranges: backhoe loaders, wheeled loaders and one model
of crawler excavator. Sister company Çukurova Ithalaat is now focussing on sales of forklift
trucks (the company’s own brand products plus Chinese brand C-Lift).
Turnover: $169 million (2013).
Personnel: 150.
Franchises
Table 123. Çukurova Ziraat: Range of Construction Equipment Franchises, 2015
Company Products
Astra Articulated dump trucks
Baldwin Filters
BYG Teeth
Çukurova Backhoe loaders, crawler excavators, wheeled loaders
Isuzu Motors
As well as its own-brand products, the company has also retained the franchise for CNHI group
Astra-branded articulated dump trucks.
Distribution and Service: The company has moved its head office in Istanbul from an ancient
industrial suburb in the European part to a modern centre on the road to Ankara, on the Asian
side. The company also has three branches in:
• Adana • Izmir
• Ankara
The rest of the country is in the hands of a sales network of six dealers, who also do servicing of
construction equipment and selling spare parts.
Sales: Crawler excavators, backhoe loaders and wheeled loaders remain the main focus for the
company, and the company now has to meet the challenge of re-establishing its own brand and
commitment to the sector after a period of upheaval during which it has seen several high-profile
brands come and go.
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Table 124. Çukurova Ziraat: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Backhoe Loaders 82
Wheeled Loaders 10
Total 94
DAS OTO
Address: DAS Oto San Ltd Sti

Gardenya Plaza 5 Kat: 2
Ataşehir
34758 Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 456 57 05-06

Website: www.dasoto.com.tr
Key Personnel: Kerim Başakinci, Chairman.
History: DAS Oto is the distributor for Terex Cranes in Turkey. The company is wholly owned
by the Başakinci family and was originally established in 1979. In 1985 it began selling P&H
rough terrain cranes, and subsequently PPM all terrain cranes. It has been the general distributor
for Terex Cranes in Turkey since 1995, although only incorporated the Terex Demag franchise in
2006. DAS is a well-established group of companies with marine, energy and lifting equipment
divisions.
Turnover: Not available.
Personnel: The company employs 67 people, around 30 of whom work in the service
department. Three employees are stationed at the DAS subsidiary company in Baku, Azerbaijan.
Franchises: The company handles all Terex Crane products, including the Lorain range and the
PPM reach stackers. In today’s market the leading products are the rough terrain cranes. DAS
has remained loyal to the Terex marque and has operated a specific policy of not selling any
other brand of crane, new or used. Nevertheless, it has recently taken on the franchise for
Kobelco crawler cranes in those model sizes where Terex machines do not have CE marking and
are therefore not available in the Turkish market. The Genie access platform and telescopic
handler franchise for Turkey was dropped in 2012, and transferred to the Caterpillar dealer
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Borusan, although it still represents the brand in other countries; it also sells JLG telehandlers
outside Turkey. The full and diverse range of its other interests can be seen in the table above.
Table 125. DAS Oto: Range of Franchises, 2015
Manufacturer Machine Type

Bronto Skylift Access platforms
Capacity Terminal trucks
Cimolai Marine lifts
Kobelco Crawler cranes
Manitex Truck-mounted cranes
Ormig Pick and carry cranes
Terex Port equipment
Terex Cranes All terrain cranes, rough terrain cranes, truck cranes, crawler cranes, tower cranes
Distribution and Service: The company has its head office in Istanbul and a workshop in
Tuzla, Istanbul. In addition to its domestic market responsibilities, DAS has a contract with
Terex to undertake crane servicing duties and spare parts supply in the following countries:
Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine,
Uzbekistan and Libya. In 2009 DAS was awarded the Terex crane franchise for Azerbaijan and
subsequently set up a local subsidiary company in Baku to handle the increasing volume of
business in the country. In total, the company is active in a sales and/or service capacity in 63
countries worldwide, from Equatorial Guinea to Afghanistan. DAS is also actively engaged in
sourcing new crane dealers for Terex throughout its field of operation and regularly undertakes
service training to enable these companies to become fully operational distributors.
Sales
Table 126. DAS Oto: Sales of Mobile Cranes, 2014
Units
Mobile Cranes:
– Crawler 1
– Rough Terrain 24
Total 25
DAS is the leading crane distributor in Turkey by a considerable margin. The majority of the
company’s revenue is derived from the Terex rough terrain crane lines, sourced from
North America and Italy. Most of the North American crane products are sold to customers
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working outside Turkey (CIS, Middle East and North Africa), although the rough terrain cranes
made in Italy are CE marked and are also sold for use in Turkey.
Future Developments: DAS has expanded its global presence massively during recent years,
and the company has profited enormously from the boom in crane sales to Turkish contractors
working in the CIS and Middle East regions. The priority for the company is to consolidate its
presence in the CIS, Middle East and North Africa in order to maintain an effective sales back-up
and spare parts capability. It is particularly bullish about business opportunities in gas and oil
producing countries such as Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Northern Iraq and Turkmenistan.
ENKA
Address: Enka Pazarlama Ihracat Ithalat AŞ

Istasyon Mah.
Araplar Cad. No 6
34940 Tuzla-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 446 72 19

Website: www.enka.com.tr
Key Personnel: Ali Kara, General Manager.

Nadir Akgün, Construction Machinery Director.
History: Enka was originally established as a construction company in 1957 and

Enka Pazarlama (Enka Marketing) is a trading company within the Enka Trade & Manufacturing
Division, one of 42 companies in the US$5 billion Enka group, which belongs to the Tara and
Gulcelik families. It began in 1981 as the importer for Hitachi hydraulic excavators and
Kawasaki wheeled loaders. Today it is one of the longer-lived marketers of construction
equipment, and has added a number of other franchises to its original products. It is also active
in the field of fork lift trucks, mobile cranes and road construction equipment.
Turnover: €222 million in 2014.
Personnel: 270, including personnel involved with the sales and service of TCM fork lift trucks.
Franchises: Enka has been selling Hitachi crawler excavators since 1981. From 1990 to
March 2004 it sold the Fiat-Hitachi models instead of the Hitachi types in the sizes from 12 to
45 tonnes, then the Fiat Kobelco range. After 1998 it sold Fiat-Hitachi wheeled loaders
alongside the Japanese Kawasaki wheeled loaders which it had marketed in Turkey for over 10
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years. It has since achieved notable success with the Hitachi product offering, particularly
crawler excavators, which it began selling in 2004.
Table 127. Enka: Range of Franchises, 2015

Atlas Copco Compaction equipment, asphalt pavers, mobile crushers
Bell Articulated dump trucks
Hitachi Complete construction equipment range
Hitachi Sumitomo Crawler cranes
Kawasaki Wheeled loaders
Tadano, Tadano Faun Mobile cranes
Other Products
Claas Agricultural tractors, harvesting machinery
Cometto Trailers
FFB Trailers
Iveco Marine diesel engines
McCormick Agricultural tractors
Schmitz Truck trailers
SDMO Generators
Tailift Fork lift trucks
TCM Fork lift trucks
During recent years Enka has added several new franchises to its already impressive portfolio. In
2006 it acquired the Bell articulated dump truck representation, although it has renounced the
Terex Fuchs material handler franchise that it gained in 2007. The latest addition to the
programme is the Atlas Copco compaction equipment and asphalt paver franchises which it took
on in July 2011.
The commercial vehicle side of the company has grown swiftly, with trailers becoming a
valuable product area. More recently the Schmitz trailer franchise has been supplemented by
products from FFB and Cometto. The industrial side has been boosted with the securing of the
account for the French generators SDMO.
Distribution and Service: The company moved its head office after the 2001 crisis, from the
Enka office complex in European Istanbul to a service centre in Tuzla, on the motorway to
Ankara, on the Asian side. In addition there are now five main regional branches in:
• Adana • Diyarbakır • Trabzon

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There are also two depots in the Deşbaş and Meşbaş freezone areas.
More importantly for the existing customers, there are now 32 sub-dealers, as opposed to 12 in
1999. They are appointed to work on the existing machines, using genuine spare parts and
having had full factory training. Enka employs around 150 technicians and engineers, including
two engineers exclusively dedicated to the Kawasaki products; it has 31 mobile service vehicles.
Enka is also contracted to undertake servicing work on behalf of Hitachi and Kawasaki in the
CIS and some neighbouring countries.
Sales
Table 128. Enka: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Manufacturer Product Units

Atlas Copco Asphalt Finishers 6
Compaction equipment 65
Bell Articulated dump trucks 2
Hitachi Crawler excavators 493
Wheeled excavators 30
Wheeled loaders 32
Kawasaki Wheeled loaders 158
Tadano Mobile cranes 1
Total 787
In the past Enka achieved considerable success with its crawler excavators which are
understandably the core of its sales effort. In 2006 and 2007 Hitachi was the undisputed market
leader in the sector with a share of 20 per cent, although in common with other Japanese
suppliers an unfavourable exchange rate against the Yen has eroded the product’s price
competitiveness during the three years to 2011. This resulted in a significant decline in sales
until the situation began to improve again in 2013 and it reclaimed second place in the market.
The Kawasaki wheeled loaders continue to do well, particularly in the marble quarries where
their comparatively simple design, but reliable and robust characteristics, are highly valued. In
2014 they were the fourth highest selling wheeled loader on the market behind Caterpillar, Volvo
and Komatsu. Tadano rough terrain cranes look set to increase in importance for Enka as the
Yen exchange rate improves.
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HAMAMCIOĞLU
Address: Hamamcioğlu Müesseseleri Ticaret T.AŞ

Orhanli Mah. Irfan Cad. No: 19
34956 Orhanli-Tuzla-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-394-3210

Website: www.hamamcioglu.com
Key Personnel: Nuri Hamamcioğlu, Managing Director.

Emre Öztürk, General Sales Manager, Construction and Mining Machinery.
History: This is one of the oldest companies in the industry, having represented Cummins
Engines since the early 1960s. It has been linked with Ingersoll-Rand since 1967. The company
was founded in 1880 and is wholly owned by the Hamamcioğlu family.
Personnel: 52.
Franchises
Table 129. Hamamcioğlu: Range of Franchises, 2015

Bobcat Skid-steer loaders, mini excavators, telehandlers
Doosan Mobile compressors
Ingersoll-Rand Stationary compressors
Navistar Commercial vehicles
Tower Light Lighting towers
The long held Cummins franchise was terminated in 2007 following the engine manufacturer’s
decision to establish its own subsidiary company in Turkey. The joint venture agreement signed
at the end of 2007 with the Chinese manufacturer, Sany, has also since been dissolved.
The Bobcat business, on the other hand, is expanding and the company is market leader in the
skid-steer loader sector and well set to take advantage of the expected upturn in the compact
equipment sector.
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Distribution and Service: The company’s headquarters is based in Tuzla on the Asian shore of
Istanbul. This has extensive workshops for the testing of engines, including dynamometers and
fuel analysis laboratories. The company has four regional branches in:
• Adana • Antalya
In addition there are more than 20 sub-dealers around the country that handle the Bobcat lines.
For the Ingersoll-Rand industrial compressor business there are seven service dealers, some of
whom are also Bobcat dealers.
Sales
Table 130. Hamamcioğlu: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 23
Mobile Compressors 25
Total 143
The task of promoting skid-steer loaders as a machine remains a significant challenge, although
the favourable long term forecast for the compact equipment sector should help bolster sales in
the future. The company has made inroads into applications such as ship trimming, industry and
construction in recent times, and since 2008 has sold several machines with wheel saw
attachments for use in fibre optic cable trenching applications. Sales of skid-steer loaders in the
last five years have risen significantly, albeit not to the same extent as larger machines, and
Hamamcioğlu has reaped the dividends of an aggressive marketing campaign with an increase in
its market share.
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HASEL
Address: Hasel Istif Makinalari Sanayi ve Tic. A.S.

Orhanli Mescid Mahallesi
Demokrasi Cad. No 21/29
34290 Tuzla - Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 634 21 00

Website: www.hasel-terex.com
www.kobelco-turkiye.com
Key Personnel: Halit Soybelli, Chairman of the Board and majority shareholder.
Ender Akbaytogan, Managing Director.
History: Hasel Istif, part of the Hasel group of companies, is the parent company for two
construction machinery importation businesses: Terex (excluding dump trucks) and, more
recently, Kobelco. Initially known as TTM, the Terex dealership was established in 2012 in
order to differentiate between this brands and Hasel’s erstwhile primary business interest, which
is the Linde forklift account and with which the company remains very successful. Hasel has
been the exclusive importer of the German manufacturer’s fork lift trucks since 1996.
Its first involvement in construction equipment was as the distributor for Atlas Weyhausen
hydraulic excavators and material handling equipment. In March 2005 it acquired the
New Holland construction equipment franchise for the whole of Turkey, although this was later
transferred by the OEM to the Çukurova Ithalat company. Hasel was appointed as the official
importer for Terex construction equipment in 2008.
In 2014, the company secured something of a coup by becoming exclusive importer and
distributor for Kobelco excavators. This resulted in the establishment of another separate
business division to manage this aspect of the company’s machinery sales.
Hasel sold its Başak agricultural tractor manufacturing business to the Sanko organisation in
May 2012.
Personnel: The Hasel organisation employs a total of 250 people.
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Franchises
Table 131. Hasel: Range of Franchises, 2015

Kobelco Crawler and mini excavators
Linde Forklift trucks
Terex Construction equipment
Distribution and Service: The company relocated its head office and parts store from
Ümraniye to new premises in Kartal, Istanbul in October 2012. There are five branches, which
serve as bases for a customer service network for the whole country:
• Adana • Bursa • Trakya

Sales
Table 132. Hasel: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Backhoe Loaders 8
The main focus of interest for construction equipment has moved from the rather disappointing
performance of the Terex backhoe loader product line to Kobelco crawler and mini excavators.
The company’s sales of Kobelco machines only started in July 2014, with a limited number of
models available (20 tonnes, 26 tonnes and 35 tonnes). In this context, the early level of product
acceptance has been more than pleasing, and the product line is anticipated to expand at both
ends of the spectrum throughout 2015. The company also imports the Terex compact equipment
line, and increasing interest in this sector should enable the company to promote the mini and
midi excavators more aggressively in the future. Compact tracked loaders and Terex skid-steer
loaders are already available.
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HCS
Address: HCS Makina Mümessillik ve Tiçaret AŞ

Susuzbağ Sokak 15/1
Paşalimani
34674 Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-492-5751

Website: www.hcs-liebherr.com.tr
Key Personnel: Rafet Azak, Partner.
History: HCS has been the importer of Liebherr telescopic and crawler cranes since 1989.
Following the establishment of Liebherr’s own subsidiary company in Turkey in 2009, HCS is
now responsible for sales of cranes above 300 tonnes only. The company is a partnership
between Mr Azak and Mr and Miss Okan.
Personnel: 11.
Franchises
Table 133. HCS: Range of Franchises, 2015

Liebherr Mobile cranes over 300 tonnes
Distribution and Service: The company has an office in Üsküdar, on the Asian shore of the
Bosphorus in Istanbul and its technicians are spread all over Turkey to offer customer support.
Sales: Sales of new cranes are inevitably limited in what is essentially a rough terrain crane
market. In 2012 the company sold only one crawler crane, but in the boom year of 2013 this rose
to 8 units. Last year, however, no sales were recorded as Japanese suppliers (and, to a lesser
extent, Chinese suppliers) benefitted from favourable exchange rates. HCS is also part of the
world-wide network for used cranes from Liebherr Ehingen, Germany. They are, however,
expensive to buy, as they are usually in top quality condition and reconditioned by Liebherr
itself. Most buyers wanting used Liebherr cranes will tend to look for something older and
cheaper from the brokers in Turkey or in the Netherlands.
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HMF
Address: HMF Makina ve Servis San. Ve Tic. AŞ

Esentepe Mah.
Cevizli D-100 Güney Yanyol, No 15/2
34870 Kartal-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-488-8000

Website: www.hmf.com.tr
Key Personnel: Tamer Öztoygar, President.

Reyhan Uğurlu Yücel, Vice-President Marketing, Business Development
and Industrial Sales.
History: In 2003 the owners of SIF Otomotiv, the previous incumbents of the Hyundai
franchise, decided to restructure the company, putting the Hyundai franchises into a separate
enterprise with a new ownership structure, in order to promote the brand more effectively. SIF’s
share of this new business was subsequently sold and the HMF company (standing for Hyundai
Machines and Forklifts) is now owned by a group of five shareholders. HMF has been in
business since January 2004 and, in 2006, moved to new, purpose-built premises of 8,500 m2 in
Kartal which houses parts, sales and service functions with a covered area of more than 4,000 m2.
It has also recently opened 5,000 m2 facility on the European side of Istanbul.
Personnel: Around 140, of whom approximately 100 work in the construction equipment and
forklift divisions. The remainder work in the Hyundai elevator division.
Franchises
Table 134. HMF: Range of Franchises, 2015

Airo Aerial work platforms
Atlet Warehouse trucks
D&A Hydraulic hammers
Hyundai Construction equipment, forklift trucks, escalators
Montovanibenne Demolition attachments
Wanco Lighting towers
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Prior to the last report the company added D&A, a Korean hydraulic breaker, to its list of
franchises in order to aid the sales of hydraulic excavators. This desire to increase the
attractiveness of the company’s main product has also resulted in it signing an OEM agreement
with Atlas in Germany for the supply of Hyundai-branded compaction equipment to allow it to
better target customers seeking machinery package deals. It has also recently added the Airo
aerial work platforms and Wanco lighting tower franchises, while to the industrial fork lift trucks
it has added Swedish Atlet warehouse trucks.
Distribution and Service: The company has its head office in Kartal, Istanbul with an
additional four district offices in Ankara, Izmir, Trabzon and Antalya. There are four
independent sub-dealers located in:
• Adana • Diyarbakır
The company has developed a full national coverage for service by appointing 43 official service
dealers spread all over Turkey, up from 28 at the time of the last report. The spare parts stock is
held at the new headquarters in Kartal, on the Asian shore of the Istanbul region.
Sales
Table 135. HMF: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 35
Wheeled Loaders 39
Total 497
The Hyundai crawler excavators regularly achieved second position in the market until as
recently as 2012. However, since then their market share has declined somewhat, in spite of still
high volumes, partly due to the increased cost associated with having to buy machines in
US dollars. Until this rise, the product has been competitively priced, a distinct advantage in this
market, and continues to be competently supported by the dealer. HMF has been one of the
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leading three Hyundai dealers in the world for many years, an impressive achievement in a
relatively small market like Turkey.
INAN MAKINA
Address: Inan Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret AŞ.

Ikitelli OSB. Eski Turgut Özal Cd. No 24
34490 Başakşehir
Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 212 549 25 00

Website: www.inanmakina.com
Key Personnel: Adnan Edizcan, Business Development Manager.

Erdinç Hamamci, Sales Co-ordinator, Construction Machinery Division.
History: Inan Makina was founded in 1972 by Mr. Mehmet Tuscuoğlu as a service and repair
provider and manufacturer of spare parts for hydraulic machines and their attachments. In 2002
it branched out into the manufacturer of hydraulic attachments for standard size and mini
excavators. In addition to spare parts, it now produces a variety of products, including breakers,
augers, compactors, grapples and pulverisers which it sells around the world. To complement the
domestic sales of its own attachments, in 2013 the company decided to take on the IHIMER mini
excavator and skid-steer loader franchise.
Personnel: There are around 360 employees in the company as a whole, with 280 based at the
headquarters and manufacturing plant in Istanbul.
Franchises
Table 136. Inan Makina: Range of Franchises, 2015

IHIMER Mini excavators, skid-steer loaders
Iteco Access platforms
In addition to its own attachments and parts, and the compact earthmoving machinery of
IHIMER, Inan Makina also imports and distributes access platforms from its sister company
Iteco.
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Distribution and Service: The company is based at its manufacturing facility close to Ataturk
airport on the European side of Istanbul. The site includes a 10,000 metres production facility
and 8,000 metres of office and warehouse space. Inan Makina also has a 6,000 metres site in
Ankara. In addition, it has four branches and 15 dealers for its range of attachment, although
sales of mini excavators are focussed on the major cities of Istanbul, Ankara, Antalya and Izmir.
Sales
Table 137. Inan Makina: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 45
Total 52
Future Developments: The company intends to continue to focus on compact machinery,

particularly mini excavators, to complement its own attachment range; it assesses that more than
one in two sales of mini excavators are purchased in conjunction with a hydraulic hammer. To
this end it is hopeful the expansion of the compact machinery market will lead to improved
profitability in this fiercely competitive sector. If so, it foresees a bright future for those
companies who can establish a sufficient population of machines and brand recognition to
become a major player.
KALE
Address: Kale Makina Pazarlama A.S.

Istanbul Anadolu Yakasi Organize
Sanayi Bölgesi 3 Sokak No. 11
34953 Tuzla - Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 593 93 00

Website: www.kalemakina.com.tr
Key Personnel: Özhan Keskin, General Manager.

Özbilen Keskin, Marketing Manager.
History: Kale is a family owned company originally established in 1978 by Ismail Keskin.
Following the death of Mr Keskin in 2003 ownership passed to his five sons, three of whom run
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the construction equipment division, Kale Makina, while the other two run the hose clamp
manufacturing business, Kale Clamp, which was started in 1990.
The company began as a dealer for workshop tools, but entered the construction equipment
sector in 2000 when it took on the Dynapac light compaction equipment franchise. The decision
was taken to specialise in compact earthmoving machinery and in 2006 Kale was awarded the
Gehl skid-steer loader franchise, followed in 2008 by that of Kubota mini excavators and Ausa,
then Thwaites site dumpers.
Personnel: 35 people work in the construction equipment division. 100 people are employed in
the hose clamp factory situated on the same site.
Franchises
Table 138. Kale: Range of Franchises, 2015

Atlas Copco Concrete equipment, light compaction equipment
Gehl Skid-steer loaders, articulated wheeled loaders
Kubota Mini excavators, articulated wheeled loaders
Thwaites Site dumpers
The Kubota mini excavator and Gehl skid-steer loader franchises constitute the main focus for
Kale, although both manufacturers’ articulated wheeled loader ranges are also offered in the
programme.
Distribution and Service: The construction equipment division’s headquarters is situated on the
same site in Tuzla, Istanbul as the hose clamp manufacturing plant. The total site area
encompasses 2,000 m2, 800 m2 of which is covered. Sales managers working from ‘home
offices’ operate out of Istanbul, and nine other locations (up from a total of four at the time of the
last report), in addition to which there is a network of 28 authorised service workshops
throughout the country.
176
Sales
Table 139. Kale: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 191
Total 242
Kale has devoted considerable resources to expanding the compact equipment market in Turkey
and has quickly established a solid reputation for high quality after-sales service. It is market
leader with the Kubota mini excavators and is the main challenger to Bobcat in the skid-steer
loader sector. The company also actively exports 50-60 units of both mini excavators and
skid-steer loaders to Turkish contractors working in Russia, Iraq and former CIS countries.
Future Developments: The company is confident about the future prospects for compact
equipment, and its medium term strategy will concentrate on expanding the market for these
products in Turkey. It is also keen to take on a telescopic handler franchise in order to develop
what it sees as being good potential in the agricultural sector.
KARUN
Address: Karun Makina AŞ

Karun Plaza
Ivedik O.S.B., 24 Cad., No:191
Ostim
06370 Ankara
Tel: +90 (0) 312-394-4300

Website: www.karun.com.tr
Key Personnel: Ersan Öztuna, Sales Director and Partner.

Murat Molva, Partner.
History: Karun was established in 1989 as an engineering and consultancy company based in
Ankara. In the 1990s it acquired a number of dealerships including becoming the dealer for
Manitowoc cranes in 1995 and the combined Manitowoc-Grove franchises in 1996, one of the
partners having worked during the 1980s for Liebherr Export and being well experienced in the
177
marketing of cranes in Turkey. The company is now the exclusive distributor for Manitowoc and
Grove cranes, and other lifting-related suppliers such as Wylie and Goldhofer. Karun’s other
speciality is foundation work, where it is both a supplier of machinery, most notably Bauer and
Klemm, and a consultant.
The Karun Group consists of three companies:
• Karun Servis A.S. is a service company and runs the foreign business. In 2003 it opened an
office in Kazakhstan and one in Azerbaijan. It also undertakes servicing of Grove cranes and
Bauer machines in places as far away as the Sakhalin Island in Siberia and as near to hand as
Iraq.
• KA Makina Ltd. is the construction equipment sales company.
• Karun Makina Ltd. is a Free Zone Company based in Izmir.
In 2006 Karun opened a new headquarters in Ivedik, Ankara. The premises consist of 7,600 m2,
of which 1,400 m2 is covered, and contains a workshop where up to four 300 tonne cranes can be
refurbished at one time. The company invested €2 million in the construction of an additional
workshop in 2009.
Personnel: 18, of whom a high proportion are qualified graduate engineers. The operation in
Almaty, Kazakhstan employs four and a similar unit in Baku, Azerbaijan, has three staff. The
company has also opened an office in Atyrau, on the North Caspian Sea coast of Kazakhstan.
Karun also hires in sub-contractors on a temporary basis for crane refurbishment work.
Franchises: In the crane sector Karun has primarily focused on the Grove rough terrain
products, with which it has achieved notable success in recent years. More recently, it has
targeted the growing all terrain crane sector, where it believes it can apply the same philosophy
as in the foundation sector (see below. It also sells a small number of Manitowoc crawler cranes
to Turkish contractors working in Central Asian countries.
The number of products associated with foundation work has increased. This is a deliberate
strategy, as Karun wants to be a small company that uses highly skilled staff. It does not offer
the same kind of service as, say, the major hydraulic excavator suppliers, who back up their
products with dozens of servicemen spread around Turkey. It sells products where the user
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cannot employ them unless the supplier is highly skilled and so the buyer is purchasing man
hours as well as machines.
Table 140. Karun: Range of Franchises, 2015

Grove Mobile cranes
Manitowoc Crawler cranes
Raycowylie Load monitoring systems
Other Products
Bauer Foundation equipment
Fambo Hydraulic hammers
Goldhofer Trailers
Klemm Foundation equipment
Prakla Drilling equipment
RTG Diesel hammers
Distribution and Service: The company had its head office in the industrial zone of Ivedik,
Ankara, with two service centres in the same city. Karun now has 12 official sub-dealers and is
willing to sell via brokers and pay commissions, where justified, to sales people of any branch
who bring in business. Crane refurbishment, servicing and spare parts sales are an important part
of the business and the company also specialises in the sale of fully renovated cranes which it
offers with a six month warranty.
Sales
Table 141. Karun: Sales of Mobile Cranes, 2014
Units
Mobile Cranes:
– All Terrain Cranes 5
– Rough Terrain Cranes 10
Total 15
The company did well last year in a falling market with its rough terrain models, but this masks a
longer term trend towards success in the all-terrain market.
179
The company also markets used cranes in Turkey and all the Turkish speaking republics north
and east of it, although 80 per cent of new crane business is to Turkish contractors working
abroad.
KARYER
Address: Karyer Ticaret Ltd Şti

Çubuklu Mah. Boğaziçi Cad No: 9
34805 Beykoz/Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-383-6060

Website: www.karyer-tatmak.com
Key Personnel: Merve Yerdelen, Partner.

Hasan Elliatioğlu, General Manager.
History: Karyer is a family company founded in Ankara in 1953 by Zeki Yerdelen. It began
originally as a contracting firm, but subsequently became involved in selling construction
equipment and is currently one of the oldest established machinery dealers in Turkey.
Up until the end of 2007 Karyer was part owned by the Turkish holding company, Tatmak.
Tatmak was 50 per cent owned by Putzmeister of Germany, the manufacturer of concrete pumps,
and 50 per cent by Turkish interests. Tatmak was acquired by Putzmeister at the end of 2007,
following the German organisation’s establishment of its own subsidiary company in Turkey,
and ownership of Karyer returned to Mr. Yerdelen and his daughters who now control 100 per
cent of the company.
Karyer’s core business is the Bomag compaction equipment franchise which it has held for 37
years, and now also includes the former Marini asphalt finisher and planer product lines. The
company also has the distinction of being the largest independent Bomag dealer in the world.
More recently the company returned to the concrete sector with the acquisition of the CIFA
concrete equipment franchise in 2011. In 2015 it has also added to its offering of road
construction machines by taking on distribution of German-manufactured graders from HBM
Nobas.
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Personnel: There are 98 employees in Karyer.
Franchises
Table 142. Karyer: Range of Franchises, 2015

Bomag Compaction equipment, asphalt finishers
Casagrande Drilling rigs
CIFA Concrete equipment
HBM Nobas Motor graders
Heli Forklift trucks
JLG Telescopic handlers, access platforms
Lintec Asphalt plants
The Bomag franchise assumed greater importance following the sale of Tatmak, more than half
the business, but this has been reduced again after the return to the concrete sector through
representation of CIFA and also after the decision to take on the Casagrande drilling and
foundation machinery franchise. Karyer is market leader in the compaction equipment sector
with an overall share of around 40 per cent. The CIFA, Casagrande and JLG franchises now
account for around 40 per cent of turnover.
Distribution and Service: Karyer has recently moved to a new headquarters in Kavaçik in the
Asian part of Istanbul. It also has a sales and service branch in Ankara, and a service depot and
free trade zone in Gebze where it holds a large stock of Bomag rollers. The service personnel are
widely distributed all over the country, and there are also 20 independent service stations located
nationwide. Like many competitors the company has ceased supporting a branch network and
mostly does direct sales. The two exceptions are a contact office in Adana and a sub-dealer in
south-east Turkey.
Sales
Table 143. Karyer: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Asphalt Finishers 3
Total 228

181
Karyer concentrates on the heavier types of compaction equipment. Accordingly, it has a higher
share in the market for self-propelled machines for earth compaction than it does for tandem
asphalt machines. In 2014 it also sold three Bomag asphalt finishers.
LIEBHERR TURKEY
Address: Liebherr Makine Ticaret Servis Ltd. Sti.

Yakacik Cumhuriyet Mah. E-5
Yanyol No: 39
Kartal
Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 453 1000

Website: www.liebherr.com
Key Personnel: Oytun Uluhan, Managing Director.
History: Liebherr Turkey was established in 2008 following the parent company’s decision to
intensify its direct sales activities and expand its after-sales service in this increasingly important
market. The new company is a subsidiary of Liebherr-MCCtec GmbH of Nenzing, Austria,
which is responsible for the Group’s maritime cranes division.
The headquarters is located in Istanbul and is responsible for four Liebherr product divisions:
earthmoving equipment, crawler cranes, mobile harbour cranes and concrete and mixing
technologies. In August 2012 the company opened a second branch in Ankara.
Personnel: There are around 50 employees in Liebherr Turkey.
Franchises
Table 144. Liebherr Turkey: Range of Franchises, 2015

Liebherr Complete earthmoving equipment range
Concrete technology
Maritime cranes
Mobile cranes below 300 tonnes
182
The new company is currently responsible for a fleet of more than 1,500 earthmoving machines,
around 30 hydraulic rope excavators and crawler cranes and nearly 40 large dockside cargo
handling installations.
Distribution and Service: In addition to the company-owned branches in Istanbul and Ankara,
there are four independent dealers in five different regions of Turkey responsible for sales and
after sales service.
Sales
Table 145. Liebherr Turkey: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Crawler Dozers 2
Crawler Loaders 1
Mobile Cranes 10
Wheeled Loaders 25
Total 98
Liebherr Turkey has made significant progress since its formation in 2008. It sold a total of 37
machines in 2009, its first full year of trading, 107 units in 2011 and 2012 a total of 175
machines. More recently, progress has slowed, partly as a result of overall market contraction.
Future Developments: Liebherr has recently purchased a large property in an industrial zone of
Istanbul in anticipation of the planned expansion of its activities in Turkey, and is a sign of the
company’s commitment to what it sees as an increasingly important market for its products.
ÖZMAK
Address: Özmak Makina Ith.Ihr.Paz. A.S.

Sepetlipinar Mah. 107, Cad. 17
Island Parcel 6
Izmit/Kocaeli
Tel: +90 (0) 216 444 80 34

Website: www.ozmakmakina.com.tr
Key Personnel: Cemal Turan Ozcelik, Managing Director.

183
History: Özmak is a family owned company founded in 1975 by Servat Ozcelik as a
roadbuilding contractor. In 1987 it started a supplementary business importing second-hand JCB
backhoe loaders from the UK and in 1991 became a sub-dealer for the Çukurova Group selling
Sumitomo crawler excavators. In 1996 it became a sub-dealer for SIF selling JCB and Hyundai
machines in the Marmara region.
In 1999 Özmak took on the franchises for Belle concrete equipment and skid-steer loaders and
Venieri backhoe loaders. In 2000 it acquired the XCMG franchise, since when the company has
become the Chinese manufacturer’s largest dealer in Europe. Özmak has been run by the third
generation of the Ozcelik family since 2010 when Cemal Ozcelik took over as managing
director.
Personnel: More than 20 employees.
Franchises
Table 146. Özmak: Range of Franchises, 2015

XCMG Mobile cranes, wheeled loaders, hydraulic excavators, motor graders, soil compactors,
piling equipment
The XCMG franchise is the main focus for the company, and Özmak has sold nearly 700
machines in Turkey since acquiring the franchise in 2000. The company has ceased representing
Belle and Venieri.
Distribution and Service: The company has relocated from its previous current headquarters in
the Kadiköy district of Istanbul to new premises in Izmit at the far eastern edge of the sea of
Marmara. In addition, there is a network of 25 authorised service workshops throughout the
country and three sub-dealers in Antalya, Diyarbakir and Samsun.
Sales: XCMG wheeled loaders, specifically the bestselling ZL50G model, have become
increasingly accepted in Turkey and represent the biggest volume products for the company.
Özmak targets primarily private customers to whom price plays a more important role, and does
not get involved in government tender business. It has also managed to establish a foothold in
the competitive crawler excavator market.
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Table 147. Özmak: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 12
Mobile Cranes 3
Motor Graders 15
Wheeled Loaders 88
Total 154
Graders have proved to be an important supplementary product, although only a small number of
soil compactors have been sold thus far. Özmak began selling XCMG crawler cranes in
May 2012, and has since sold 8 units.
Future Developments: In 2013 Özmak began the SKD assembly of XCMG ZL50G wheeled
loaders at a purpose-built facility in Izmit. The machines are shipped from China in kit form and
fully built up in Turkey. Particular emphasis has been placed on ensuring high quality paintwork
and more reliable electrics. The machines have been sold in the domestic market and also
exported to North Africa, Central Asia and Georgia.
SANKO MAKINA
Address: SANKO Makina Pazarlama ve Tic. A.Ş.

Yakacık
Hürriyet Mah.
E-5 Yan Yol Üzeri No 57
34876 Kartal-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-453-0400

Website: www.sankomakina.com.tr
Key Personnel: Rizanur Meral, Chairman.

Orhan Aydoğan, General Manager.
History: The Doosan construction equipment franchise has been held by a subsidiary of the
SANKO Group since July 1999. SANKO is a typical Turkish family holding company, with a
turnover of $2.5 billion and 14,000 employees, involved in cotton spinning, textiles, packaging,
energy, construction, cement production, beverages, health, marketing and education. The
subsidiary company responsible for the sales and marketing of construction equipment is
185
SANKO Makina Pazarlama (Sanko Construction Machinery Trade Co.), based in Kartal on the
Asian side of Istanbul.
Turnover: In 2014 the turnover of SANKO Makina Pazarlama, including income from fork lift
trucks, was approximately $150 million.
Personnel: 125.
Franchises
Table 148. SANKO Makina: Range of Franchises, 2015

Doosan Construction equipment and fork lift trucks
Soosan Hydraulic hammers and drills
The Doosan franchise is the main account, especially since the decision taken in 2012 to separate
sales of MST-branded backhoe loaders and telehandlers, whose production company is also a
part of the SANKO group. Dieci telehandlers and Atlas Weyhausen wheeled loaders and
compaction equipment have recently been dropped from the portfolio.
Manufacturing Facilities: When SANKO bought Mastaş (the original name of the current
MST brand) it was using a plant in Ödemis, 100 kilometres east of Izmir. In 2005 the company
built a new plant in Gaziantep, on a site of 40,000 m2, to produce MST backhoe loaders and
telescopic handlers. There is a full profile of the production company, Sanko is ve Tarim
Makinalari Sanayi ve Ticaret, in the Manufacturer Profiles section of the report; this includes
distribution arrangements (through Sanko Construction and Agricultural Machinery Co.) for
MST products.
Distribution and Service: The company has its head office in Istanbul, on the Asian side and
seven branches in:
• Adana • Gaziantep
• Antalya • Kayseri
• Bursa
186
The sales and service network consists of two main service and spare parts facilities and 63
authorised service dealers. The facility in Istanbul has 9,000 m2 of covered space on a
1.5 hectare site, while that in Gaziantep has 8,200 m2 of covered space on a 1.4 hectare site.
Sales
Table 149. SANKO Makina: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 8
Wheeled Loaders 41
Total 237
The company’s main areas of focus are the Doosan crawler excavators, with which it achieved a
market share of five per cent in 2014. With smaller volumes it also achieved a market share of
12 per cent for wheeled excavators, and four per cent for wheeled loaders.
Future Developments: SANKO’s future development is to some extent dependent on Doosan’s

marketing strategy. The traditional focus has been crawler excavators but SANKO is also keen
to develop the wheeled loader business and compact equipment. The company has also stated its
intention to take advantage of the expanding mining and quarrying equipment market with the
emphasis on mobile crushers, demand for which is developing rapidly in Turkey and which are
produced by the MST arm of the business both for domestic sales under the Mastaş brand and for
exports via a range of OEM agreements with other brands.
SIF JCB
Address: SIF Iş Makinalari Pazarlama Ltd.

Fatih Mahalessi Katip Çelebi Cad. No 49/1
34956 Orhanli Tuzla-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216 352 00 00

Website: www.sif.com.tr
Key Personnel: Cüneyt Divriş, Managing Director.

Cihan Ünlü, Business Unit Director, Construction Equipment.
187
History: The company was founded in 1956 by Mr Sezai Turkes and Mr Feyzi Akkaya. They
also formed the well-known large building contractor, STFA, and that company now owns half
of SIF JCB. The rest is held by the holding company Işiklar, a family enterprise. The company
has represented JCB since 1974 and the ties are very close.
Personnel: Over 100, all working on JCB business. The rapid increase in JCB activity has
allowed the company to expand its workforce and to create the type of full service organisation
that they wanted.
Franchises
Table 150. SIF JCB: Range of Franchises, 2015

JCB All construction equipment
Powerscreen Crushers and screens
Rubblemaster Mobile crushers
The company is entirely devoted to the marketing of JCB products. The one exception has been
the Rubblemaster mobile crusher franchise, which SIF took on in 2007 to take advantage of the
expanding business in the quarrying sector.
Distribution and Service: The company moved its head office to a brand new centre in
Maltepe, on the Asian shore of Istanbul in October 2004. Less than 10 years later it has moved
again, this time to the developing commercial hub of Orhanli, on the eastern fringes of Istanbul,
beyond the Sabiha Gocen airport.
The company has eight other sales offices in:
• Adana • Diyarbakır
• Ankara • Istanbul
• Antalya • Izmir
• Bursa • Trabzon
There are 34 sub-dealers for service.

188
Sales
Table 151. SIF JCB: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 13
Wheeled Loaders 18
Total 1,336
JCB ceded its traditional first place in the backhoe loader market to Hidromek in 2011, although
SIF JCB still made around 80 per cent of its sales for JCB in this product. Crawler excavators
and wheeled loaders are less competitive and typically win just two to three per cent of the
market, although significant advances have been made with telescopic handlers, which in 2014
won a market share of nearly 30 per cent.
In order to apply increased focus on the potential market in agriculture for products such as mini
excavators, skid-steer loaders and telescopic handlers, the company has recently created a
dedicated agricultural business unit which now operates independently from the construction
equipment division.
TEMSA İŞ MAKİNALARI
Address: Temsa İş Makinaları İmalat Pazarlama ve Satış A.Ş.

Kisikli Cad.
Şehit Teğmen
Ismail Moray Sok. No2/1
34662 Altunizade-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-544-5200

Website: www.temsa.com.tr
Key Personnel: Cevdet Alemdar, General Manager.
History: Temsa İş Makinalari has acted as the distributor for Komatsu construction machinery
in Turkey since 1983. Since then it has expanded into neighbouring markets including
189
Azerbaijan and Georgia, as well as into complementary products from other suppliers: Terex
Finlay, Dieci and OMG. Most recently, it entered into a distribution agreement with Komatsu
Mining Group in 2014.
Temsa İş Makinaları was originally part of Temsa Global, from which it separated on the
29th March 2013 in accordance with the growth strategy of parent company the Sabancı Group,
one of the two largest industrial and financial conglomerates in Turkey. Established in 1967,
Sabancı Holding controls a diversified portfolio of nearly 70 companies. Its trade mark, the
letters SA in white on a blue circle, put at the end of the company name, can be seen throughout
Turkey.
Following this split, in May 2014, the Sabancı and Marubeni Groups established Temsa İş
Makinaları as a partnership with a respective ownership ratio of 51:49.
Personnel: Around 150 employees
Franchises
Table 152. Temsa: Range of Franchises, 2015

Dieci Telescopic handlers
Komatsu All construction equipment and fork lift trucks
OMG Electric power
Terex FINLAY Crushers
Distribution and Service: Temsa has its head offices in Istanbul, as well as sales teams based in
13 cities throughout the country. It also runs technical Centres in Istanbul and Ankara, as well 41
authorised service centres. Moreover, the company runs successful and expanding rental and
second hand sales services.
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Sales
Table 153. Temsa: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Backhoe Loaders 18
Crawler Dozers 40
Mini Excavators 8
Motor Graders 56
Rigid Dump Trucks 3
Telehandlers 13
Wheeled Loaders 179
Total 557
Future Developments: Temsa İş Makinaları entered the rental sector in 2010 and currently
operates a fleet of around 130 machines covering the complete Komatsu product range. It has
identified rental as a growing trend in the domestic market and hopes to capitalise on
developments within the sector.
Temsa İş Makinaları also intends to leverage its existing business by exploiting the market for
complementary brands for spare parts and maintenance products such as from Donaldson and
SKF.
TSM GLOBAL
Address: Turkey Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti.

Cumhuriyet Mah. Yakacik D100
Kuzey Yanyol Cad. 21
34876 Kartal - Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-560-2020

Website: www.tsmglobal.com.tr
Key Personnel: Taner Sönmezer, Chief Executive Officer
History: TSM Global is a recently established company, founded only in 2013, though the
pedigree of its current management goes back a lot further. The company grew out of the
re-arrangements in the distribution networks of the CNH global brands (specifically, the decision
191
to award dealership form both Case- and New Holland-badged products to Turktractor) and also
in the partnership between Çukurova Ziraat and Sumitomo. As a result of these changes, current
CEO Taner Sönmezer founded TSM two years ago to act as distributor for Sumitomo, Ammann
and Hyster forklift trucks.
Personnel: Around 50.
Franchises
Table 154. TSM Global: Range of Franchises, 2015

Ammann Compaction equipment and asphalt finishers
Hyster Forklift trucks
Sumitomo Crawler excavators
Distribution and Service: Sales administration and servicing are based at the Istanbul
headquarters, and there is an established service network throughout Turkey. This includes
offices in:
• Adana • Diyarbakir
• Bursa • Trabzon
There are also 15 other sales and service outlets throughout the country.
Sales
Table 155. TSM Global: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014

Ammann Compaction equipment 41
Sumitomo Crawler excavators 158
Total 199
192
The market share of Sumitomo has halved in the last three years, from nearly 11 per cent in 2012
to just five and a half per cent in 2014. Nevertheless, some disruption is to be expected in the
changes to distribution described above, and Sumitomo remains a well-established brand in the
country. Sales of Ammann products have also been hit, though, again, the brand is well
respected, at least in the compaction equipment sector. Sales of asphalt finishers have yet to be
significant.
Future Developments: The company intends to pursue the completion of its sales and service
network and also to build a reputation to match that of the brands it represents.
TÜRKTRAKTÖR
Address: TürkTraktör
Güvercin Yolu No: 111-112 Gazi
06560 Ankara, Turkey
Tel: +90 (0) 312 233 33 33

Website: www.turktraktor.com.tr
Key Personnel: Marco Votta, General Manager.
History: TürkTraktör is one of Turkey’s longest-established industrial companies, having been

founded as a manufacturer of agricultural tractors as long ago as 1954. It is now a joint venture
between CNHi & Koç Holding, producing tractors for three of CNHi’s brands – Case IH,
New Holland and Steyr – that are sold in Turkey as well as exported to more than 130 other
countries around the world.
The headquarters of the company is in Ankara, where it has its original factory which has a total
area of 257,325 m2. In 2014, it opened a new factory in Erenler, adding a further 402,162 m2 of
production space.
In 2013, the company undertook to become distributors in Turkey not just for agricultural
equipment but also for both construction equipment brands of joint-venture partner CNHi – Case
and New Holland.
193
Franchises
Table 156. TürkTraktör: Range of Franchises, 2015

Case Construction equipment
New Holland Construction equipment
Distribution and Service: As a well-established company, TürkTraktör already has an

extensive sales and service network in the agricultural business. The New Holland Construction
brand is now mainly sold throughout this agriculture network, exploiting a widespread operation
throughout Turkey. The Case brand will reach customers mainly directly from TürkTraktör’s
own premises and offices that are also located throughout the country. Both brands have a
service and spare parts network spread across the nation.
Sales
Table 157. TürkTraktör: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014

Case Backhoe Loaders 19
Crawler excavators 14
Skid-steer Loaders 8
Telehandlers 1
Wheeled Loaders 8
New Holland Backhoe Loaders 34

Mini Excavators 1
Skid-steer Loaders 14
Telehandlers 3
Wheeled Loaders 4
Total 120
TürkTraktör’s product range of Case and New Holland machines includes:
• Backhoe Loaders • Skid-Steer Loaders

• Hydraulic Excavators • Telehandlers
• Mini Excavators • Wheeled Loaders
194
UYGUNLAR
Address: Uygunlar Diş Ticaret

Boğaziçi Cad.No: 11 Kavacik
34810 Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-425 88 68

Website: www.uygunlar.com
Key Personnel: Sayhan Uyar, Chairman of the Board.
History: The company was established in 1989 and until 1997 was involved purely in spare
parts business. In 1997 it began selling Kato crawler excavators in Turkey and in 2006 acquired
the LiuGong construction equipment franchise for Azerbaijan where it sells 100-150 units per
year. It was awarded the LiuGong franchise for Turkey in 2009.
Uygunlar is heavily involved in the Azerbaijan market and holds official representation for the
following manufacturers: LiuGong, Bomag, Komatsu, Casagrande, Ford Trucks, Cummins and
ZF. It is also the official LiuGong dealer for Iraq and Georgia.
The company is privately owned by two main shareholders and a small number of minor
shareholders.
Turnover: Not revealed. 60 per cent of turnover is derived from business activities in
Azerbaijan.
Personnel: 150. The company employs 63 people in Turkey and 78 in Azerbaijan. The
remainder work in spare parts business offices in Georgia, Kazakhstan and Russia.
Franchises
Table 158. Uygunlar: Range of Franchises, 2015

Dressta Crawler dozers
Ford Off-highway trucks
Kato Crawler excavators
LiuGong Complete construction equipment range
195
Distribution and Service: The company’s headquarters is located in Kavaçik, on the Asian side
of Istanbul. It has three branch offices in Adana, Ankara and Izmir, and a further 25 service
stations throughout the country.
Sales
Table 159. Uygunlar: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Backhoe Loaders 2
Mini Excavators 13
Motor Graders 20
Wheeled Loaders 45
Total 128
Uygunlar has worked hard to promote acceptance of the LiuGong brand in Turkey and now sells
actively in several product sectors. The main focus in recent times has been crawler excavators,
graders and wheeled loaders, although significant progress has also been made with compact
equipment, in particular mini excavators. It has also already sold four crawler dozers in 2015.
WACKER NEUSON
Address: Wacker Neuson Makina Ltd. Şti.

TEM Yanyol Katip Celebi Cad. 64
Sok No: 15
34956 Orhanli-Istanbul
Tel: +90 (0) 216-574-0474

Website: www.wackerneuson.com.tr
Key Personnel: Ertan Özdemir, Managing Director.
History: Wacker Neuson Makina is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Austro-German

Wacker Neuson Group and was originally established as a Wacker company in 1987 to sell the
German manufacturer’s range of light compaction equipment. Following the merger of the
Wacker and Neuson Kramer parent companies, the Turkish subsidiary began to market the
196
Neuson and Kramer construction and agricultural equipment for the first time in 2009.
Weidemann articulated loaders were introduced to the programme in 2013.
Personnel: The company employs around 25 people in its Istanbul, Izmir and Ankara branches.
Franchises
Table 160. Wacker Neuson: Range of Franchises, 2015

Wacker Neuson Compaction equipment, mini excavators, crawler excavators, skid-steer loaders,
site dumpers, compact wheeled loaders, telescopic handlers
Distribution and Service: The company’s headquarters has moved from Küçükbakkalköy in
the Asian part of Istanbul to Orhanli, still on the Asian shore of the city. In addition to its own
branches, there are three main dealers located in Bursa, Antalya and Adana and a further 20
sub-dealers throughout Turkey. The Istanbul subsidiary also acts as the sales and marketing hub
for Kazakhstan, Georgia, Azerbaijan and Northern Cyprus.
Sales
Table 161. Wacker Neuson: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014
Units
Mini Excavators 104
Telehandlers 3
Wheeled Loaders 10
Total 160
Wacker is the leading supplier of concrete technology equipment in Turkey and is market leader
in the rammer and large vibrating plate sectors with a market share of around 60 per cent in each
product. The company typically sells around 500 vibrating plates and 200 rammers per year. In
the small vibrating plate sector the company faces stiffer competition from local and Chinese
197
manufacturers and achieves a market share of 25 per cent. The small tandem rollers below
3 tonnes account sell in small quantities in a sector dominated by the local manufacturer, Palme.
More recently the company has had considerable success in expanding its presence in the
construction equipment market, largely through its increasingly popular mini excavator range.
Future Developments: The relatively late entry into the compact equipment sector with the
Neuson Kramer products initially proved challenging, particularly given the highly competitive
nature of the market. The longer term outlook for the sector, however, is extremely promising,
given its recent rapid sales growth, and the company should by then be well placed to take
advantage of any upsurge in market conditions.
WIRTGEN ANKARA
Address: Wirtgen Ankara Makina Sanayi ve Ticaret Ltd. Şti.

Bahçelievler Mah.
Ankara Caddesi No.223
06830 Gölbasi - Ankara
Tel: +90 (0) 312-485-3939

Website: www.wirtgenankara.com.tr
Key Personnel: Uğur Girginkaya, General Manager.

History: Wirtgen Ankara is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the German Wirtgen Group, and was
established on 1st January 2008 following the parent company’s decision to terminate its supply
agreement with its previous dealer, Mor Teknik. The company’s headquarters is a brand new,
purpose-built premises based in the Gölbasi district south of Ankara. The site covers an area of
12,000 m2 and houses administration offices, workshop, spare parts store and training facilities.
Personnel: 45 people, including 25 service and after sales engineers, all of whom are based in
the Ankara headquarters. There is also one regional sales manager based in Izmir.
198
Franchises
Table 162. Wirtgen Ankara: Range of Franchises, 2015

Hamm Compaction equipment
Kleemann Crushing and screening technology
Vögele Asphalt finishers
Wirtgen Planers, concrete finishers, soil recyclers
The company concentrates purely on the Wirtgen Group’s product lines.
Distribution and Service: Sales administration and servicing are based at the Ankara
headquarters, and there is an established service network throughout Turkey.
Sales
Table 163. Wirtgen Ankara: Sales by Product, 2014
Units
Asphalt Finishers 61
Total 174
Wirtgen Ankara was only established in January 2008 and any sales prior to this time were made
by the Ankara based distributor, Mor Teknik. The Vögele and Wirtgen brands are extremely
well established in Turkey and are dominant market leaders within their respective product
sectors. Vögele pavers have been present in Turkey since the early 1970s and the first Wirtgen
milling machines were sold in 1986. The Hamm compactors have grown in importance, and now
command a market share of around 20 per cent. The overall population of Wirtgen brand
products operating in the country now exceeds 2,000 units.
Future Developments: Wirtgen’s decision to establish its own subsidiary company in Turkey
has reaped significant dividends, and the Ankara company is able to benefit from the powerful
resources of the parent company. The company’s workforce includes some of the industry’s
most experienced managers who have the ability to expand Wirtgen’s already well established
presence in the road building sector.
199

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THE CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENT INDUSTRY IN TURKEY

EQUIPMENT ANALYSES PAGE

MANUFACTURER PROFILES PAGE

© Off-Highway Research. Contents confidential to the Client.

− Market Size and Trends, 2010-2014

• Address • Product Range • Distribution and Service

Table 1. Turkey: Exchange Rates, 2015

SUMMARY OF MARKET ANALYSES

Table 2. Turkey: Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2010-2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

* Ride-on types only

Compaction Equipment: Demand is dependent on government spending on road building

Table 3. Turkey: Suppliers of Construction Equipment and Their Sales, 2014

Source: Company Information

Table 4. Turkey: Production of Construction Equipment by Type, 2014

Source: Off-Highway Research

Hydraulic Excavators: Hidromek began production of hydraulic excavators in 2004 and

Wheeled Loaders: Production is currently confined to Çukurova which assembles three

Mobile Cranes: There is a small number of domestic manufacturers of truck-mounted cranes,

Table 5. Turkey: Population of Construction Equipment by Type, 2015

* Ride-on types only

Table 6. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Construction Equipment by Type, 2015-2019

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

* Ride-on types only

POLITICS AND THE ECONOMY

Table 7. Turkey: Populations in Main Cities, 2014

Table 8. Turkey: Basic Economic Indicators, 2010-2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Official Statistics

Turkish agriculture, especially cereal production, is heavily dependent on seasonal rainfall.

By international standards, Turkey is a major producer of grain, cotton, tobacco, grapes,

MINING AND QUARRYING

Table 9. Turkey: Largest Building Contractors, 2015

Source: Company Information

Market Size and Trends

Table 10. Turkey: Sales of Asphalt Finishers, 2010-2014

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Off-Highway Research

Source: Off-Highway Research

The full list of suppliers is shown below.

Table 12. Turkey: Distribution Networks of Suppliers of Asphalt Finishers, 2015

Manufacturer Supplier Manufacturer Supplier

Source: Company Information

Table 13. Turkey: Population of Asphalt Finishers by Type of User, 2015

Source: Off-Highway Research

Table 14. Turkey: Forecast Sales of Asphalt Finishers, 2015-2019

2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Source: Off-Highway Research

Table 15. Turkey: Asphalt Finishers Available, 2015

Paving Width Engine Product

Atlas Copco F1200C C 0.3-3.1 66 Deutz Germany

Bomag BF223C C 1.4-4.0 50 Perkins Italy

AP225E C 1.4-2.6 46 Caterpillar Italy

Paving Width Engine Product

Volvo ABG2820 C 1.5-4.0 85 Deutz Germany

Note: W – Wheeled, C – Crawler

Market Size and Trends

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Source: Off-Highway Research