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Basics Concepts and Formulas - Simplification PDF

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Basics Concepts and Formulas - Simplification PDF

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8/19/13 Basics Concepts and Formulas - Simplification

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You are here : Home > Quantitative aptitude questions and answers with explanation > Simplification > Basics Concepts and
Formulas ­ Simplification

Basics Concepts and Formulas  Basics Concepts and Formulas ­ Simplification
­ Simplification
Solved Examples ­ Set 1
1.  Order of Operations ­ BODMAS Rule
Solved Examples ­ Set 2

What is BODMAS Rule?
BODMAS  rule  defines  the  correct  sequence  in  which  operations  are  to  be  performed  in  a  given
mathematical expression to find its value.

In BODMAS, 
B = Bracket, 
O = Order (Powers, Square Roots, etc.)
DM = Division and Multiplication (left­to­right) 
AS = Addition and Subtraction (left­to­right)
 
This means, to simplify an expression, the following order must be followed.

i.  Do operations in Brackets first, strictly in the order (), {} and []

ii.  Evaluate exponents (Powers, Roots, etc.)

iii.  Perform  division  and  multiplication,  working  from  left  to  right.  (division  and  multiplication
rank equally and done left to right).

iv.  Perform addition and subtraction, working from left to right. (addition and subtraction rank
equally and done left to right).

In India, the term BODMAS is used whereas in USA the acronym PEMDAS is used. The full form
of PEMDAS is "Parentheses, Exponents, Multiplication, Division, Addition, and Subtraction". Both
are  correct  and  only  difference  is  that  these  are  used  in  different  parts  of  the  world.  Some  other
Loading variations which are used across the world to represent the same concept are BIDMAS, ERDMAS,
Math PERDMAS and BPODMAS.
Symbols 
Examples

a.  12 + 22 ÷ 11 × (18 ÷ 3)2 ­ 10
= 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 62 ­ 10  (∵ Brackets first)
= 12 + 22 ÷ 11 × 36 ­ 10  (∵ exponents)
= 12 + 2 × 36 ­ 10 = 12 + 72 ­ 10  (∵ division and multiplication, left to right)
= 84 ­ 10 = 74  (∵ Addition and Subtraction, left to right)

b.  4 + 10 ­ 3 × 6 / 3 + 4 
= 4 + 10 ­ 18/3 + 4 = 4 + 10 ­ 6 + 4  (∵ division and multiplication, left to right)
= 14 ­ 6 + 4 = 8 + 4 = 12  (∵ Addition and Subtraction, left to right)

2.  Modulus of a Real Number

For any real number  , the absolute value or modulus of   is denoted by   and is defined as

Hence, the Modulus(absolute value) of   is always either positive or zero, but never negative

Example

|8| = |­8| = 8

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8/19/13 Basics Concepts and Formulas - Simplification

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