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    CH E Problems 1-2

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    Brayan Aguilar
    This document describes using material balances to solve for flow rates in a separation process. Material balances are written for each component in the overall system and in each distillation column, resulting in a system of simultaneous linear equations. The flow rates of streams D1, D2, B1 and B2 can be calculated by solving these equations. Then the flow rates and compositions of streams B and D exiting the columns can be determined from additional material balance equations that account for flows into and out of the columns.

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    CH E Problems 1-2

    Uploaded by

    Brayan Aguilar
    106 views3 pages
    This document describes using material balances to solve for flow rates in a separation process. Material balances are written for each component in the overall system and in each distillation column, resulting in a system of simultaneous linear equations. The flow rates of streams D1, D2, B1 and B2 can be calculated by solving these equations. Then the flow rates and compositions of streams B and D exiting the columns can be determined from additional material balance equations that account for flows into and out of the columns.

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    This document describes using material balances to solve for flow rates in a separation process. Material balances are written for each component in the overall system and in each distillation column, resulting in a system of simultaneous linear equations. The flow rates of streams D1, D2, B1 and B2 can be calculated by solving these equations. Then the flow rates and compositions of streams B and D exiting the columns can be determined from additional material balance equations that account for flows into and out of the columns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    106 views3 pages

    CH E Problems 1-2

    Uploaded by

    Brayan Aguilar
    This document describes using material balances to solve for flow rates in a separation process. Material balances are written for each component in the overall system and in each distillation column, resulting in a system of simultaneous linear equations. The flow rates of streams D1, D2, B1 and B2 can be calculated by solving these equations. Then the flow rates and compositions of streams B and D exiting the columns can be determined from additional material balance equations that account for flows into and out of the columns.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Problem 1.

    MOLAR VOLUME AND COMPRESSIBILITY FACTOR FROM VAN DER WAALS


    EQUATION

    Solution of a single nonlinear algebraic equation.

    Use of the van der Waals equation of state to calculate molar volume and compressibility factor for a gas.

    The ideal gas law can represent the pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) relationship of gases only at low (near
    atmospheric) pressures. For higher pressures, more complex equations of state should be used. The calculation
    of the molar volume and the compressibility factor using complex equations of state typically requires a numerical
    solution when the pressure and temperature are specified.

    The van der Waals equation of state is given by


    𝑎
    (𝑃 + ) (𝑉 − 𝑏 ) = 𝑅𝑇 (1)
    𝑉2

    Where
    27 𝑅 2 𝑇 2
    𝑎 = 64 ( ) 𝜋𝑟 2 (2)
    𝑃𝐶
    and
    𝑅𝑇
    𝑏 = 8𝑃𝑐 (3)
    𝑐

    The variables are defined by


    P = pressure in atm
    V = molar volume in liters/g-mol
    T = temperature in K
    R = gas constant (R = 0.08206 atm.liter/g-mol.K)
    Tc = critical temperature (405.5 K for ammonia)
    Pc = critical pressure (111.3 atm for ammonia)

    Reduce pressure is defined as


    𝑃
    𝑃𝑟 = 𝑃 (4)
    𝑐

    And the compressibility factor is given by

    𝑃𝑉
    𝑍 = 𝑅𝑇 (5)

    a) Calculate the molar volume and compressibility factor for gaseous ammonia at a pressure P =
    56 atm and a temperature T = 450 K using the van der Waals equation of state.
    b) Repeat the calculations for the following reduced pressures: Pr = 1, 2, 4, 10, and 20.
    c) How does the compressibility factor vary as a function of Pr?
    Problem 2.

    STEADY STATE MATERIAL BALANCES ON A SEPARATION TRAIN

    Solution of simultaneous linear equations.

    Material balances on a steady state process with no recycle.

    Xylene, styrene, toluene and benzene are to be separated with the array of distillation columns that is
    shown below where F, D, B, D1, B1, D2 and B2 are the molar flow rates in mol/min.

    Material balances on individual components on the overall separation train yield the equation set
    (6)
    Xylene: 0.07D1 + 0.18B1 + 0.15D2 + 0.24B2= 0.15 x 70
    Styrene: 0.04D1 + 0.24B1 + 0.10D2 + 0.65B2= 0.25 x 70
    Toluene: 0.54D1 + 0.42B1 + 0.54D2 + 0.10B2= 0.40 x 70
    Benzene: 0.35D1 + 0.16B1 + 0.21D2 + 0.01B2= 0.20 x 70

    Overall balances and individual component balances on column #2 can be used to determine the
    molar flow rate and mole fractions from the equation of stream D from (7)

    Molar Flow Rates: D = D1 + B1


    Xylene: XDxD = 0.07D1 + 0.18B1
    Styrene: XDsD = 0.04D1 + 0.24B1
    Toluene: XDtD = 0.54D1 + 0.42B1
    Benzene: XDbD = 0.35D1 + 0.16B1

    where XDx = mole fraction of Xylene, XDs = mole fraction of Styrene, XDt = mole fraction of Toluene,
    and XDb = mole fraction of Benzene.

    Similarly, overall balances and individual component balances on column #3 can be used to
    determine the molar flow rate and mole fractions of stream B from the equation set (8)

    Molar Flow Rates: B = D2 + B2

    Xylene: XBxB = 0.15D2 + 0.24B2


    Styrene: XBsB = 0.10D2 + 0.65B2
    Toluene: XBtB = 0.54D2 + 0.10B2
    Benzene: XBbB = 0.21D2 + 0.01B2

    a) Calculate the molar flow rates of streams D1, D2, B1 and B2.
    b) Determine the molar flow rates and compositions of streams B and D.

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