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    Chlorine Contact Time

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    shawonscribd
    This document provides guidance on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the chlorine concentration (C) by the contact time (T). Washington state requires a minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L. The document includes an example calculation of CT for a system and determines the required free chlorine residual.

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    Chlorine Contact Time

    Uploaded by

    shawonscribd
    154 views2 pages
    This document provides guidance on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the chlorine concentration (C) by the contact time (T). Washington state requires a minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L. The document includes an example calculation of CT for a system and determines the required free chlorine residual.

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    Chlorine contact time

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    This document provides guidance on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the chlorine concentration (C) by the contact time (T). Washington state requires a minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L. The document includes an example calculation of CT for a system and determines the required free chlorine residual.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    154 views2 pages

    Chlorine Contact Time

    Uploaded by

    shawonscribd
    This document provides guidance on calculating chlorine contact time (CT) for small water systems. CT measures the effectiveness of disinfection and is calculated by multiplying the chlorine concentration (C) by the contact time (T). Washington state requires a minimum CT of 6 mg-min/L. The document includes an example calculation of CT for a system and determines the required free chlorine residual.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 2

    Drinking Water Tech Tips:

    Chlorine Contact Time for Small Water Systems


    331-343 • Updated July 2016

    This Tech Tip is a field guide to help surveyors understand the concept of chlorine contact time. You should not use it for
    design purposes. Washington state drinking water rules (WAC 246-290-451) establish minimum chlorine contact times for
    water sources requiring disinfection. If your water system is required to disinfect and meet chlorine contact time, you must
    have a professional engineer prepare and submit a project report for our review and approval.
    To inactivate viruses and bacteria using free chlorine, the disinfection
    treatment required before the first customer must be at least 6 milligrams-
    CT measures the effectiveness of a
    minutes per liter (6 mg-min/L). This value is commonly referred to as “CT”. disinfection process.
    To calculate CT, multiply the free chlorine residual concentration (C) CT = Concentration of free chlorine (Cmg/L)
    measured at the end of the contact time by the time (T) the water is in × contact time (Tminutes)
    contact with free chlorine. To get the required CT value of 6, adjust the free
    chlorine residual concentration or the contact time. Free chlorine = Concentration measured
    in milligrams per liter (mg/L)
    For example, if water at the entry point to the distribution system has a
    free chlorine residual of 0.5 mg/L and the chlorine is in contact with the
    water for 10 minutes between chlorine injection and entry point to the distribution system, CT is 5 (0.5 mg/L x 10 min = 5
    mg-min/L). In this case you could either increase the chlorine residual to 0.6 to have a CT of 6 (0.6 mg/L x 10 min = 6 mg-
    min/L), or increase the contact time to 12 minutes (0.5 mg/L x 12 min = 6 mg-min/L) to reach the required CT value.
    The “baffling efficiency” of a tank is used to determine chlorine contact time in the tank. If the water used to calculate
    disinfection contact time moves through a storage tank, pressure tank, or pipes too quickly, the situation is called “short-
    circuiting.” Some vessels provide better contact time than others do. Water systems can modify reservoirs to improve the
    baffling efficiency. In some cases, such as those outlined below, little or no baffling efficiency can be awarded. The actual
    baffling efficiency should be determined by using a tracer study or conservatively estimated using current industry
    guidance from organizations such as the Water Research Foundation. Pipes with a length to width ratio of 150 or more
    typically have a baffling efficiency of 100 percent.
    In summary, to calculate CT you must know: 1) The T (contact time) for each water system component between the
    chlorine injection point and where free chlorine is measured before the first customer. 2) The volume and baffling
    efficiency of each component. 3) The peak flow through each component. 4) The free chlorine residual measured
    downstream of all the components and upstream of the first customer. See the example calculation on Page 2.

    Poor Contact Time Efficiency Poor Contact Time Efficiency


    Baffling Efficiency = 5-10% Baffling Efficiency = 10%

    Poor Contact Time Efficiency No Circulation


    Baffling Efficiency = 10% Baffling Efficiency = 0%

    Poor Contact Time Efficiency Better Contact Time Efficiency


    Baffling Efficiency = 5-10% Baffling Efficiency = 10-30%

    No Circulation
    Baffling Efficiency = 0%
    Volume of Water
    Diameter Example CT Calculation
    per 10 Feet of Pipe
    1 inch .042 gallons

    1 ½ inch .092 gallons

    2 inch 1.64 gallons

    3 inch 3.69 gallons

    4 inch 6.53 gallons

    6 inch 14.8 gallons

    8 inch 26.2 gallons

    12 inch 59 gallons
    Well Pump Capacity = 15 gpm (from source meter)
    Maximum Design Booster Pumping Rate = 100 gpm (from pump curve)

    When calculating Contact Time, use the Storage Tank Volume used for Contact Time:
    lowest volume of water in the tank under • Estimated Baffling Efficiency = 10%
    non-emergency/normal operating • Total Tank Volume = 20,000 gallons
    conditions.
    • Standby Storage Volume = 5,000 gallons
    • Dead Storage Volume = 1,000 gallons
    • 6,000 Gallons x 0.1 Baffling Efficiency = 600 gallons

    Pipe Segment used for Contact Time:


    • Length to width ratio greater than 150 (100% pipe volume
    available)
    • 4-inch pipe volume = 6.53 gal per 10 ft x 500 ft = 326 gallons

    Required Free Chlorine Residual based on this example:


    • Time(T) = (600 gals/100 gpm) + (326 gals/100 gpm)
    = 6 Minutes + 3.2 Minutes = 9.2 Minutes
    • CT must be at least 6 mg-min/L during peak flow
    • Required Free Chlorine Residual (C) = 6 mg-min/L/ 9.2 min = 0.7
    mg/L

    In this example, the free chlorine residual must be at least 0.7 mg/L as
    measured at the entry to the distribution system to adequately inactivate
    bacteria and viruses.

    For more information


    Our publications are online at https://fortress.wa.gov/doh/eh/dw/publications/publications.cfm
    Call our regional office:
    Eastern Region, Spokane Valley Northwest Region, Kent Southwest Region, Tumwater
    509-329-2100 253-395-6750 360-236-3030

    If you need this publication in an alternative format, call 800.525.0127 (TDD/TTY


    call 711). This and other publications are available at
    www.doh.wa.gov/drinkingwater.

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