1

Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS SCOPE

INTRODUCTION

Rationale

Hypertensive heart disease is the number one cause of

death associated with high blood pressure. It refers to a

group of disorders that includes heart failure, ischemic

heart disease, and left ventricular hypertrophy (excessive

thickening of the heart muscle).

High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is

increasing both in prevalence and incidence worldwide and is

regarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) as the

leading cause of cardiovascular mortality. Hypertension

exerts a major impact in third-world countries, particularly

the Philippines. Rapid urbanization with increasing

dependence on sedentary lifestyle contributes significantly

to this epidemic. This is why practicing healthy lifestyle

is crucial for everyone to maintain their health and

fitness.

A number of studies done by Loscatzo(2005), revealed

that people with a more active lifestyle are at lower risk

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of cardiovascular disease. Inactive teenagers are more

likely to have higher blood pressure (Science Daily, 2007).

Inactive young adults tend to have higher heart rates,

because their heart muscle does not function efficiently and

have to work harder to pump blood.

According to BioMed Central, hypertension is one of the

world’s most common health conditions and is a leading risk

factor for disease burden. The prevalence of hypertension in

Asia is similar to the prevalence of Western countries which

ranges from 23% to 41% among men and from 11% to 34% among

women. However, the World Hypertensive League, an umbrella

organization of 85 national hypertension societies and

leagues, recognizes that more than 50% of the hypertensive

population is unaware of their condition.

With all the issues and problems pertaining to

hypertension, the researchers aim to emphasize the

prospective aspects of hypertension, previsioning the health

practices and unfolding theory.

Literature Background

Lack of knowledge of Hypertension makes the condition

one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality

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worldwide. This also allows many hypertensive patients to

suffer from its complications.

Hence, this study is anchored on the theories of:

Duval’s and Wicklund’s Self-awareness Theory (1972)

proposed that people can focus attention on the self or on

the external environment. Focusing on the self enables self-

evaluation. Self-evaluation is the process when you are able

to assess your current state in order to improve yourself

whenever possible.

Awareness of the possibility of having Hypertension is

the first step towards attaining one’s goal to stay healthy

and to lessen the risk of having a more critical condition.

The self-awareness theory supports this study since

awareness is needed to obtain assessment.

Often, people focus more on the world around them than

on what's going on inside but when they are aware of the

probability as to how such conditions and diseases can

affect them may change their perception and try to evaluate

themselves to become a better individual and live a healthy

lifestyle.
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Self-awareness Theory Department of Health –

(Shelley Duval and Administrative Order
Robert Wicklund, No. 16-A s. 1995
1972)

Health Lifestyle Theory

---
(William Cockerham,
2006)

Habit Formation Theory

(Phillippa Lally and
Benjamin Gardner,
2010)

Grade 11 Students

Hypertension Health Practices

Proposed Action Plan

Figure 1. Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

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 Cockerham’s Health Lifestyle Theory (2006) combines

the ideas of agency and structure to demonstrate that in

modern society, not all individuals are provided equal

opportunity to be healthy. Cockerham uses agency to refer to

an individual’s ability to choose a behavior. Structure is

defined as sets of mutually sustaining schemas and resources

that empower or constrain social action and tend to be

reproduced by that social action.

It is not hard to understand how to shape health

lifestyles. Anyone living in the city knows what fast food

chains are and are familiar with their affordable menu. Low-

income families would prefer fast food chains because it is

the best they could afford. Unhealthy eating habits are a

reality for them, not by their own agency, but instead

because of a structural disadvantage.

On the other hand, well-off or high-income families do

not have a structural disadvantage; however, they poorly

exercise their agency having them make relatively wrong

decisions with their health practices.

In this study, either agency or structure may have

caused the sedentary lifestyle of people having

hypertension. They should have been aware of the different

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unhealthy activities in order to have had a lower

possibility of having hypertension.

Lally’s and Gardner’s Habit Formation Theory (2010)

states that habits are formed when new behaviors become

automatic. Deteriorating lifestyles composed of lack of diet

management and exercising become habitual, stressing the

individual. As the habit is forming, it can be analyzed in

three parts: the cue, the behavior, and the reward. The cue

is the thing that causes the habit to come about, the

trigger of the habitual behavior. The behavior is the actual

habit that one exhibits, and the reward, a positive feeling,

therefore continues the habit loop.

When people do something and repeat it, this is the

start of the formation of a habit. Patients, who are aware

of Hypertension condition, should be encouraged to try

something new that would benefit them in the end. As a

patient is inspired to doing the same thing multiple times,

it becomes their habit and it would lead to a more

productive, hypertension-free life.

Individuals with hypertension should form new habits

that would improve their health. Additional self-influences

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are also needed for them to overcome the impediments to

adopting new lifestyle habits and maintaining them.

Department of Health – Administrative Order No. 16-A s.

1995 aims to reduce morbidity, mortality, and disability

associated with the chronic, non-communicable diseases

through an integrated and comprehensive program. Its areas

of implementation include promotion and advocacy, coalition

building, and policy-development.

This order implements programs that raise awareness on

the alarming increasing rate of diseases or long term

conditions. With this, people will acquire knowledge about

these diseases or conditions and prevent such circumstances

from happening in order to lessen the mortality rate of the

Filipino citizens.

The acquisition of knowledge may aid in how individuals

treat life-threatening diseases. A long term condition such

as Hypertension could lead to a heart disease that increases

mortality rate in the Philippines.

Hypertension is another name for high blood pressure.

It can lead to severe complications and increases the risk

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of heart disease, stroke, and death. It can be caused by

both genetic and lifestyle factors.

According to Poulter (2017), The biggest single killing

risk factor is high blood pressure—9.4 million people die

every year in relation to blood pressure. It is the biggest

single epidemic that mankind has ever experienced.

Results found in a study done by Mr. Rahman,

“Perception of Hypertension Management by Patients and

Doctors in Asia: Potential to Improve Blood Pressure

Control,” although there is good understanding of the causes

and consequences of hypertension among the patients, there

is lack of urgency to control blood pressure. Hence the huge

amount of mortality rate under Hypertension.

“People think young kids do not get heart disease or

kidney disease, do not get hypertension, but they eat a lot

of fast food.” Castillo(2017).

People have this misconception on teenagers or the

younger people wherein it is believed that people under this

age range do not get easily affected by illnesses and

diseases due to the level of activeness and mobility.

However, this misconception do not necessarily apply to all

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teenagers for one factor, such as eating habits, have a vast

impact on a person’s health. Fast food has been rampant and

is widely sought by teenagers who has eyes for anything not

time-consuming, instant, easily accessible, and cheap.

According to the National Heart, Lung and Blood

Institute(2014), By living a healthy lifestyle, you can help

keep your blood pressure in a healthy range and lower your

risk for heart disease and stroke.

Proper eating habits paired with a certain amount of

mobility are building blocks of a healthy lifestyle. A

person’s lifestyle will leave a huge role on how properly a

body will function and resist diseases like hypertension. It

is important to keep track of one’s blood pressure for this

serves as a basis in determining the efficiency of the body.

Hypertension is a condition requiring a high incidence

of self-management along with extensive medical care to

reduce the incidence of its acute and chronic complications.

Patients’ awareness of their condition yields to proper

self-management which includes a healthy diet and lifestyle.

Management of Hypertension requires the adoption and

maintenance of self-care behaviors, which include nutrition,

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aimed at achieving optimal metabolic outcomes and prevention

of medical complications. Physicians often advise

hypertensive patients to adopt a healthy balanced diet and

modify eating habits and patterns.

Pacheco and Jimeno (2015) said that the challenges

presented to us relate with increased Westernization of

diets and decrease in physical activity, leading to obesity.

Lifestyles of majority of Filipinos revolve around food.

Celebrations and gatherings put emphasis on a bountiful

table of food. Physical activity generally consists mostly

of house work for the women and a few meters of walk and

work-related activities as form of usual exercise for

working men and women. Sadly, in the Philippines, while

under-nutrition continues to be a major health problem,

obesity is an emerging concern.

Losing 5% to 10% of body weight—coupled with at least

30 minutes of moderate physical activity a day—produces a

58% reduction in the incidence of hypertension. Doctors

recommend moderate physical activity for 150 minutes a week,

spread to at least 3 days weekly.

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Tan (2015) noted that Filipinos culturally lean to

traditional white rice and refined sugar diet, thus,

behavioral modification may pose a challenge.

Hypertension and obesity are coexisting conditions that

can increase the risk and severity of nonalcoholic fatty

liver disease (NAFLD), leading to hepatocellular carcinoma

(HCC) even in the absence of cirrhosis. Not only would the

disease lead to NAFLD and HCC, but also to more diseases,

specifically cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Thus, it

is advised to always keep a healthy lifestyle regardless of

wealth, gender and age (Banal, 2016).

Many Filipinos think that only “the rich” can have

hypertension because of its strong association with

unhealthy food intake. It is noted that faulty genes cannot

be altered, and the best prevention remains with the

correction of sedentary lifestyle and unhealthy diet.

Pacheco and Jimeno (2015) noted that prevention is the

best investment, as it limits hypertensive rates and

complications that eventually take its toll on the financial

status of families.
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As the people are already knowledgeable and educated of

the disease and its effects on their selves, then there will

be a likelihood of depreciation on expected costs.

The treatment of these diseases includes not only drug

intervention, but mostly a change in lifestyle. Among the

modifiable factors, careful dietary practice is one of the

essential elements for the control of non-communicable

diseases, since these diseases are often the result of

unhealthy lifestyles. Hypertension cases could be avoided

through the adoption of dietary practices, as well as

increased physical activity and control of smoking habits.

Faced with such evidence, secondary prevention is

essential, since it can positively change the evolutionary

history of these problems, improving prognosis, life

expectancy and quality. However, success in controlling

these diseases depends on adequate knowledge and patient

decision to change his lifestyle (Ozcariz et al., 2015).

According to Odenigbo (2012), in managing certain

disease like Diabetes Mellitus, unlike the treatment of

acute illnesses, the most important choices affecting the

health and well-being of people with diabetes are made by

themselves and not by their physician or any other health

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professional. This goes for the hypertension management as

well.

The study of Ardena (2010) revealed that in the

Philippines, most of the patients diagnosed with the disease

do not consult the doctor on a regular basis. Several

factors may be presumed for why patients do not consult

their doctors but financial crisis may be the main cause.

Many Filipino patients omit an item off their care

because of financial restriction. Patients tend to weigh

their subjective symptoms against household budgets when

deciding to get medications, which results to many patients

having intermittent care.

Hypertension is a disease of public health concern not

only because of the costs involved in the care of

individuals with this disease but because of the expected

micro-vascular and macro-vascular complications resulting

from poor blood pressure control which impact on quality of

life and shorten life span.

In the current system, provincial governments are

primarily mandated to provide hospital care through

provincial and district hospitals, and to coordinate health

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service delivery provided by cities and municipalities of

the provinces.

One of the biggest challenges for health care providers

today is addressing the continued needs and demands of

individuals with chronic illnesses like hypertension and

diabetes. The importance of regular follow-up of patients

with the health care provider is of great significance in

averting any long term complications.

The lack of healthy dietary practices in the general

population is indeed an aggravating factor for the increased

prevalence of obesity and non-communicable diseases in a

middle-income country. The challenge for public health is

not only to investigate the reasons for the lack of

meticulous care, but also to create health policies and

comprehensive educational programs to encourage a change on

the health practices of the population (Magtubo, 2016).

The epidemic is upon us. There is no room for

complacency. National governmental health agencies should

lead with contributions from subspecialist organizations to

formulate comprehensive sustainable programs that will

detect diseases early, provide prevention programs, and

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assist every patient in maintaining health and quality of

life (Pacheco and Jimeno, 2015).

The concept of health and healthy lifestyle here does

not only imply mere absence of disease or infirmity by a

state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing.

According to Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans

(2008) and WHO (2010), it is a concept emphasizing the eight

aspects of wellbeing into one´s life namely: emotional;

environmental; financial; intellectual; occupational;

physical; social; and spiritual. Following this broad

definition, they use health and healthy lifestyle to

encompass personal; psychological; social; and physical

capabilities and as a state of complete physical, mental and

social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or

infirmity.

Health is a resource for everyday life, not the object

of living, and is a positive concept emphasizing social and

personal recourses as well as physical capabilities. Health

is a fundamental human right, essential for personal

development and an essential component of development, vital

to a nation`s economic growth and internal stability.

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People who exercise and eat healthy food have a higher

chance of a healthy lifestyle. Most findings on the

effectiveness of exercise intervention and dieting suggest

that exercising and dieting programmers’ designed to reduce

the immediate and potential long term health effects should

include a focus in improving and maintaining physical

fitness through physical activity (U.S. Department of Health

and Human services, 2008).

Physical activity is one of the most basic human

functions and needs which has benefits across the lifespan

and there is strong evidence that children and adolescents

benefit from physical activity through improved: cardio

respiratory and muscular fitness, bone health,

cardiovascular and metabolic health biomarkers; and there is

a growing body of evidence that inactive children are more

likely to become inactive adults (Gordon Larsen et al,

2007).

Regular physical activity that meet current guidelines

is linked with important health outcomes, including

reductions in cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, some

cancers, falls, osteoporotic fractures, and depression, and

improvements in physical function, weight management,

cognitive function and quality of life.

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THE PROBLEM

Statement of the Problem

The main purpose of this study is to assess the

Hypertensive conditions among the selected Grade 11 students

of Bohol Wisdom School, and provide knowledge and awareness

towards discovering possible resolutions to alleviate the

condition.

This study aims to answer the following questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.1 age;

1.2 gender; and

1.3 status?

2. What is the profile of the respondents’ status on the

different healthy practices?

3. What is the proposed plan of action based on the findings

of the study?

Significance of the Study

The research will be conducted to provide viable

information on the awareness and knowledge of students about

hypertension. The data on the different lifestyles the

respondents live despite of being unaware of having the

disease may be used as baseline to inform people of the

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practices that may affect their condition. It also looks

into different means to deal with the condition, and the

goals the respondents set for themselves in order to adapt

to the situation.

Hence, the results of the study would benefit the

following:

Patients Diagnosed with Hypertension. This study will

help the patients to become more cautious with their

practices that would affect their health, now that they are

diagnosed with Hypertension. They would also be able to

guide others into avoiding the same, wrong path they took

since “experience is the best teacher”.

Adults. Through the results of this study, the adults

may be able to prevent themselves from being diagnosed of

the disease. Since they are knowledgeable of this study,

they may guide the young people towards doing what is

appropriate.

Teenager or Young People. As early as being a teenager,

they would be able to prevent the disease by doing the right

practices for a healthy lifestyle.

Specialized Professionals. This study would benefit

doctors, nurses and other medical professionals since

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patients would ask them for their possible risk of having

Hypertension.

Community. This will give awareness of the prevailing

conditions of the people and that they may take action to

prevent the disease from reaching a huge percentage of

patients. Full support should be given to the patients who

are in dire need of help.

Future Researchers. The results may aid future

researchers on further research about the conditions and its

different facets.
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RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Design

The study will be conducted with a descriptive style of

research with the aid of the self-made assessment based on

the theories and the studies of similar literature

background by foreign and local researchers as tools for

gathering data. The descriptive approach will be utilized to

ascertain the correlation, if present, between Hypertension

and health practices of the respondents.

Environment and Respondents

The research will be done in the Senior High school

department of Bohol Wisdom School. The school is located

along CPG North Avenue. Bohol Wisdom School (BWS) is a non-

sectarian academic-oriented institution of learning,

established, managed and operated by the elected members of

the Board of Trustees, who are mostly composed of the

Filipino-Chinese community in Bohol, Philippines. It is a

co-educational institution dedicated to the training of boys

and girls alike in their preparation for their life and

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services. The institution offers Toddler, Pre-school, Grade

School, Junior and Senior High, and College of Education.

The participants of this study will be 50 Grade 11

Senior High School students of Bohol Wisdom School year

2018-2019.

Instruments

This study will collect data in a qualitative manner in

the form of questionnaires. A quota sampling type will be

used to determine the respondents. The researchers will be

using an already existing self-made questionnaire by the

group of Ms. Ellorimo which was modified to suit the needs

of the school and its respondents.

The questionnaire will make use of a surveying

approach, wherein various questions through written inquiry

will be asked to arrive at a final result.

It will be divided into two different parts: the

information inquiry and the health practices-related

inquiry.

The information inquiry section specifically will

indulge in the specific problems found within the statement

of the problem. Questions will seek to know the profile of

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the respondents in terms of age, gender and the diagnosis of

hypertension that they have.

The health practices-related inquiry will involve

questions related to one’s health practices such as diet,

physical activity, sleeping habits, and medical care.

Data-Gathering Procedure

The researchers will send a letter to the Head of the

Administrative Team asking permission to conduct the

assessments.

After the approval will be given, the researchers will

administer the research instruments personally to the

respondents.

The questionnaires are to be collected and there will

be a thorough management of the tallies before consolidating

the results.

Statistical Treatment

After retrieving the questionnaire on the health

practices of students diagnosed with hypertension, the

following statistical treatments will be applied to arrive

at the qualitative description of the data:

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1. From the results of the first section of the

questionnaire, the profile of the respondents in terms

of age, gender and diagnosis was expressed through pie

charts in terms of percentage.

F
P= x 100
N

Where:

P = Percentage

F = Frequency

N = Number of classes

2. The status of the respondents on the different health

practices was illustrated through a table. The results

were expressed by frequency, finding the weighted mean

and composite mean.

The formula for weighted mean is:

RFx
WM=
N
Where:

WM = Weighted Mean

RFx = Summation of frequency of scale x

N = Number of classes
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The table below shows the value of the descriptive mark.

Range Description Descriptive Value
1.00 – 1.80 Never N
1.81 – 2.60 Rarely R
2.61 – 3.40 Seldom Se
3.41 – 4.20 Sometimes So
4.21 – 5.00 Always A
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DEFINITION OF TERMS

Awareness. This refers to the state of having full

knowledge or being mindful on something.

Health Practices. This refers to the habits done by an

individual which would lead to a healthy lifestyle.

Hypertension. This refers to abnormally high blood

pressure and especially arterial blood pressure.

Lifestyle. This refers to the way of living. Healthy

lifestyle refers to being physically active, leading to less

diseases. On the other hand, sedentary means being not

physically active, leading to more diseases.

Mortality. This refers to the number of deaths in a

given time or place.

Non-communicable Disease. This refers to the diseases

which an individual would not acquire even if faced to or in

physical contact. These diseases are either acquired through

genes or sedentary lifestyle.

Self-management. This refers to the ability to take

care of oneself to avoid the existence of a disease.

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Chapter 2
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF THE DATA

Presented in this chapter are the data gathered through

the use of the questionnaire with respect of the study

conducted by the researchers on the aspects: profile and

health practices of the respondents and the interpretation

and analysis of the data.

The first part of this chapter deals with the following

aspects of the respondents’ profile that were divided into:

age, gender and health status. It shows the percentage of

each profile.

Shown in the second part of this chapter is the

assessment of the conditions and lifestyle of the selected

respondents. It shows the health practices such as diet,

physical activities, sleeping habit and medical care by

computing the weighted mean and the composite mean.

Figure 2 shows the respondents’ profile on age. It

shows that most of the respondents belong to the age of 17

(59.32% or 39 out of 50) and only 4 (8%) belongs to the age of

18.
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8%
14%

16 year old
17 year old
18 year old

78%

Figure 2. Respondents’ Age (N=50)

The researchers noticed that respondents who are 18

year olds have the least number however it had the most

number of respondents diagnosed with hypertension due to the

fact that health is more at risk when they are older because

of weak immune system.

According to Goldberg(2017), “Hypertension can occur in

both children and adults, but it is more common in adults.”

The risk of developing hypertension increases,

as people grow older, heavier and less active.

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male female

40%

60%

Figure 3. Respondents’ Gender (N=50)

Figure 3 shows the respondents’ profile on gender. Data

revealed that female respondents got the highest percentage

of 55.93% while 44.07% were males. This indicates that

ladies are more likely to suffer from hypertension.

It is stated that females are commonly attributed to

acquiring illnesses such as hypertension. The bodies of men

and women are not the same, so differences in physiology and

the way they cope up are almost certainly involved.

6%

hypertensive
not hypertensive

94%

Figure 4. Respondents’ Status (N=50)

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Figure 4 shows the diagnosis of the respondents. As

illustrated in the figure, the students who were diagnosed

with Hypertension constituted the lowest percentage rate of

6% (3 out of 50). The students who were not hypertensive had

the highest rate of 94% (47 out of 50). There were 2 female

respondents aging 18 and 1 male respondent aging 17.

The researchers found out that there are students who

have hypertension at such a young age. Teenagers having this

condition is quite alarming because hypertension is commonly

thought of as an adult disease.

According to Mammoser(2017), “The increased prevalence

of traditional risk factors in the young, including obesity,

diabetes mellitus, and renal disease, increase the risk of

developing hypertension in younger adults.”

Table 1
Profile of the Respondents in Terms of Health Practices
(N=50)
Health Practices Weighted Descriptive Rank
Mean Value
A. Diet 3.8 Sometimes 1

B. Physical 2.75 Seldom 4

Activities
C. Sleeping Habit 3.33 Seldom 3

D. Medical Care 3.35 Seldom 2

Composite Mean 3.31 Seldom

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Table 1 shows the health practices of the adults and

its weighted mean. The health practice that constituted the

highest rank with a weighted mean of 3.8 and a descriptive

value of Sometimes is Diet. Physical activities constituted

the lowest rank with a weighted mean of 2.75 and a

descriptive value of Seldom.

Researchers could say that the respondents, being

Senior High School students, could still follow a proper

diet and eating habit because most of the students are still

living with their parents and would have to eat what their

parents have prepared for them. Also, the school that the

respondents are enrolled in have a policy followed by the

people selling in the canteen. Such rule is not allowing the

selling of junk food and unhealthy meals.

According to Vongpatanasin(2017), “Young people with

elevated blood pressure — even those with only a high

systolic number, but normal diastolic number — may have an

abnormally stiff aorta, which should not be ignored. They

should have close follow-up and talk with their primary care

physicians to see if their condition needs to be treated.”

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Chapter 3
SUMMARY, FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter shows the summary, findings, conclusions

and recommendations of the study. The analyzed and

interpreted data from the previous chapter are summarized

here. Based on the findings of the study, conclusions were

drawn.

Summary

The study was conducted to determine the health

practices of the grade 11 students and their awareness on

their health status (being hypertensive or not).

The researchers utilized the descriptive method of

research and all the respondents were consulted.

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The questionnaire served as the instrument to gather

data. The grade 11 students of Bohol Wisdom School were the

respondents. The researchers used simple random sampling as

their method.

To determine the respondents’ profile, the researchers

applied the percentage formula on the raw data of the

respondents.

To determine the status of the different health

practices of the respondents, the researchers solved for the

average weighted mean for each category.

Findings

Based on the analysis of data, the following findings

are revealed:

1. Respondents’ Profile

1.1 Age. Most of the respondents are 17 year olds

garnering 78% while respondents aging 18 have the least

percentage of 8%.

1.2 Gender. The female respondents obtained the

highest percentage of 60% and 40% was obtained by male

respondents.
 33

1.3 Status. 3 respondents have hypertension

garnering a percentage of 6% while the rest of the

respondents have no hypertension with 94% as percentage.

2. Health Practices

The health practice that constituted the highest

rank with the weighted mean of 3.8 and a descriptive value

of Sometimes is Diet. Physical Activity constituted the

lowest rank with a weighted mean of 2.75 and a descriptive

value of Seldom.

Conclusion

Based on the findings, the following conclusions were

drawn:

The respondents, despite at a young age, seldom engage

in physical activities. The respondents also acquired seldom

for their sleeping habits and medical care. The researches

could conclude that the respondents do not really give much

attention on their health practices since the respondents

got a composite mean of 3.31 which falls under seldom.

Recommendations
 34

Based on the findings accumulated in this study, the

researchers formulated the following recommendations:

1. The respondents, whether hypertensive or not, may

always consider having an active lifestyle and

eating properly and healthily.

2. The respondents may give more importance on their

sleeping habits. Having a sufficient amount of sleep

gives a drastic and positive impact on the body and

the performance of a person for his daily

activities. Conversely, having no sufficient sleep

could induce negative consequences on a person’s

health mentally and physically.

3. The need for physical activity may be given more

attention. They should prefer engaging in sports and

walking to their desired destination, when

applicable. When in malls, choosing to walk through

staircases is more preferred than using the elevator

or escalator. The sooner you are aware of having

hypertension, the sooner one may engage in physical

activities and eating healthily to have a more

positive outlook towards health.

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4. Further studies may be conducted by future

researchers at different scopes in order to improve

the data and conclusions found in this study.

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Proposed Lifestyle Improvement Program

Rationale

Years of studying Health subjects have taught us the

importance of diet, sleeping habit, physical activities and

medical care. This maintains the performance of your organs,

decreases the risk of a variety of diseases, and ultimately

allows us to live life to the fullest extent.

All of these have come to be common knowledge, yet many

people still choose to disregard it. A significant number of

people, choose to take their health and fitness for granted.

Fortunately, respondents have a positive response to

health practices in terms of diet and medical care. However,

the respondents respond differently to health practices in

terms of physical activities and sleeping habit. To address

the problem, the researchers provide a proposed program for

the respondents in pursuit of improved diet, physical

activities, sleeping habit and medical care.

Objectives:

The program in line with the findings aims to enable

the hypertensive respondents to:

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1. Be informed about the importance of health practices in

their lives.

2. Relay useful information about health practices to

their family and friends.

3. Acquire the recommended diet, physical activities,

sleeping habit and medical care.

4. Raise awareness about the risks of Hypertension

5. Encourage teenage hypertensive patients to apply what

they have learned in this proposed seminar.

Mechanics of Implementations

1. The researchers will present the program to the Head of

the Administrative Team for the approval and its

coordinated and methodical implementation.

2. A copy of the program would be provided to the

municipal mayor for the purpose of clearance and

consent to further carry out the devised plan.

3. The researchers will hire speakers to talk to the

respondents and encourage them to have a healthy

lifestyle.
 38

4. The success of this program all depends on the

participation of the respondents and therefore may

encourage their family and friends to further raise

awareness on proper diet, physical activities, sleeping

habit and medical care and how it may gradually affect

a hypertensive person’s life.

Evaluation

Periodic evaluation of the program will be done every

four months to identify whether the respondents have

applied what they learned, to identify the strengths and

the weaknesses of the program and to make necessary

changes in order to achieve the goal of the program. A

good indicator of progress is when the respondents will

have a lower blood pressure level which will be

identified through a sphygmomanometer. Final evaluation

will be done at the end of the year.

 PROPOSED LIFESTYLE IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM
Area of Concern Objective Strategy People Involved Time Frame Budget IndicatorSuccess

Diet Health To let the Conduct Teenage Every 4 months Speaker= 500 Lower blood
Practices:
respondents know seminars on the hypertensive in a year pressure level
the importance proper respondents of the
of a balanced components of a respondents
diet. balanced diet
39
 40

REFERENCE LIST

Cockerham, W. (2005). Health Lifestyle Theory and the

Convergence of Agency and Structure
http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/00221465050
4600105

Conn VS, Hafdahl AR ,Mehr DR. (2011). Interventions to

Increase Physical Activity Among Healthy Adults: Meta-
analysis of Outcomes. American Journal of Public Health
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3052337/

Corpuz, N. (2013). 14M Pinoys have High Blood Pressure: DOH

https://news.abs-cbn.com/lifestyle/04/05/13/14m-pinoys-
have-high-blood-pressure-doh

Goldberg, N. (2019). Disease and Conditions High Blood

Pressure
https://www.healthywomen.org/condition/high-blood-
pressure?fbclid=IwAR0GEBD-xYT2R69ubW6wbintB-
odBuSb__p87wk_XQtAz-balC3vy5jKekU

Gordon-Larsen, P., Adair, L. S., Nelson, M. C., & Popkin, B.

M. (2004). Five-year obesity incidence in the
transition period between adolescence and adulthood:
The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health.
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
https://health.gov/paguidelines/guidelines/summary.aspx

Jambora, A. (2017). High Blood Pressure on the Rise in Kids

due to High-Salt Diet, Frequent Gadget Use
https://lifestyle.inquirer.net/257837/hypertension-
rise-kids-due-high-salt-diet-frequent-gadget-use/

Mammoser, G. (2017). High Blood Pressure Ignored by Young

Adults, Teens
https://www.healthline.com/health-news/high-blood-
pressure-ignored?fbclid=IwAR2qRvCKo4N_GLLe-
cl56tu8yHYY9BJNNZU9LrlCSbg3Jb0XNno-RSk757w#1
 41

Ozcariz, S., et al., (2015) Dietary Practices Among

Individuals with Diabetes and Hypertension Are Similar
to Those of Healthy People: A Population-based Study
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4458004/

Pract, B. (2012). Making Health Habitual: The Psychology of

‘Habit-Formation’ and General Practice
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3505409/

Presse, A. (2016). High Blood Pressure Now Major Problem in

Developing World - Study
https://technology.inquirer.net/55699/high-blood
pressure-now-major-problem-in-developing-world-study

Salazar, K. (2010). Self-Awareness.

https://www.scribd.com/doc/316188943/Self-Awareness

Telama, R., Yang, X., Viikari, J., Valimaki, I., Wanne, O.,
& Raitakari, O. (2005). Physical Activity from
Childhood to Adulthood: A 21-year Tracking Study.
http://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797(04)00339-
3/abstract

World Health Organization. (2015). The Top 10 Causes of

Death
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs310/en/
 42

APPENDICES
Appendix A: Letters
Appendix B: Questionnaire
Appendix C: Statistical Treatment
Appendix D: Curriculum Vitae
 43

APPENDIX A
LETTER TO THE HEAD OF THE SCHOOL’S ADMINISTRATIVE TEAM
January 21, 2019

RAUL H. DELOSO, M. A. E.M.

Head Administrative Team
Bohol Wisdom School
Tagbilaran City

Dear Sir Deloso:

Good day!

The undersigned researchers are currently conducting a study on the “Hypertension and Health
Practices of Students” in fulfillment of the requirement in Inquiries, Investigation and
Immersion. The respondents of this study are the Grade 11 students.

In order to carry out the said undertaking, the researchers would like to ask for your permission
and approval on the conduct and administration of the survey tool to the intended respondents
of the study. The researchers would be conducting their survey starting January 22-23, 2019.

Your positive response regarding this matter is highly appreciated.

Thank you very much.

Respectfully yours,

ACERO , CAMILLE M.

ADOVO , KIARA ALTHEA CORRAINE B.

Noted:

FE F. APARICIO, Ed .D
Adviser

Approved:

RAUL H. DELOSO____
Head, Administrative Team
 44

APPENDIX B

QUESTIONNAIRE
Name(optional):____________________________
Age: ________
Gender: Male______ Female______
Status: Hypertensive___ Not Hypertensive___
Answer the following questions by putting a check mark on the
corresponding box.
5-Always 4-Sometimes 3-Seldom

2-Rarely 1-Never

HEALTH PRACTICES
A. Diet 5 4 3 2 1
I…
1. buy healthy food
2. choose the best food for my body

3. always prepare a sit-down meal

4. spend more for healthy food rather than buying what is
convenient
5. eat enough fruits
6. eat enough vegetables
7. get enough proteins
8. get enough healthy fats
9. get enough vitamins
10. get enough minerals
B. Physical Activities
I…
1. don’t sit for long periods of time
2. prefer walking than taking rides
3. walk my kids to school
4. walk to work
5. prefer to use the stairs than elevators or escalators
6. go to the gym
7. attend Zumba classes
8. explore different activities I might like
9. do recreational activities like gardening, landscaping
 45

10. do leisurely activities like card games and board games.

C. Sleeping Habit
I…
1. get enough sleep
2. follow a sleep schedule
3. do relaxing activities before I sleep so I could sleep better
4. make sure I have comfortable sleeping apparatus.
5. sleep in a well-ventilated and temperature-controlled room.
D. Medical Care
I…
1. take my medications regularly
2. check my blood glucose level regularly
3. visit my doctor
4. avoid smoking
5. avoid drinking alcoholic drinks
 46

APPENDIX C
STATISTICAL TREATMENT
5 4 3 2 1 WM DV
13 25 7 4 1 3.9 So
7 29 8 5 1 3.72 So
17 16 9 5 3 3.78 So
5 23 14 6 2 3.46 So
16 16 11 6 1 3.8 So
16 18 9 6 1 3.84 So
18 20 8 3 1 4.02 So
12 21 10 6 1 3.74 So
10 28 7 4 1 3.84 So
11 28 7 3 1 3.9 So
Composite Mean 3.8 So
1 18 19 7 5 3.06 Se
5 12 23 8 2 3.2 Se
1 2 4 2 41 1.4 N
4 7 8 4 27 2.14 R
7 11 22 6 4 3.22 Se
6 5 10 15 14 2.48 R
1 2 10 8 29 1.76 N
14 13 14 8 1 3.62 So
8 10 20 6 6 3.16 Se
12 13 16 4 5 3.46 So
Composite Mean 2.75 Se
5 10 21 8 6 3 Se
3 12 17 10 8 2.84 Se
5 19 10 9 7 3.12 Se
16 13 14 5 2 3.72 So
22 13 10 2 3 3.98 So
Composite Mean 3.332 Se
10 14 9 11 6 3.22 Se
2 8 12 10 18 2.32 R
3 11 9 18 9 2.62 Se
43 3 2 1 1 4.72 A
22 12 8 3 5 3.86 So
Composite Mean 3.348 Se
 47

CURRICULUM VITAE

Personal Background

Name : Camille M. Acero

Place of Birth : Tagbilaran City, Bohol

Age : 18

Birth of Date : December 4, 2000

Residence : Maribojoc, Bohol

Civil Status : Single

Father : Argeo M. Acero

Job of Father : Seaman

Mother : Rufina M. Acero

Job of Mother : Teacher

 48

Personal Background

Name : Kiara Althea Corrainne B. Adovo

Place of Birth : Tagbilaran City

Age : 18

Birth of Date : October 11, 2000

Residence : Baclayon, Bohol

Civil Status : Single

Father : Narciso G. Adovo

Job of Father : Seaman

Mother : Eleonor B. Adovo

Job of Mother : Businesswoman