North Carolina State University

Research Report on Single Plate Shear Connections

Emmett A. Sumner, P.E., Ph.D.

Submitted to the American Institute of Steel Construction,

Through September, 2003
 Abstract

The American structural steel industry has used a connection type called “shear bars” or
“shear tabs” for over 40 years. In that time much consideration has been given to how
these connections comply with the flexibility requirements for simple connections.
Experimental work has determined the connections will perform adequately if the shear
plates are designed to yield or the bolts are permitted to ‘plow’ and the welds and bolts
are designed to prevent fracture.
While much work has been done to show the bolts will plow, there was still a question
about whether the bolts had to be designed to consider moment from the beam end
rotation. This moment is usually modeled as an eccentricity from the weld, from a
modeled point of inflection, or some place between those two places and depending on
the stiffness of the framing members, composite action and other parameters.
Dr. E Sumner of North Carolina State University was asked by WW Steel of Oklahoma
City to conduct tests to show consideration of the eccentricity was not necessary in the
selection of number size and grade of bolts.
The ensuing material summarizes those tests. Text summarizing the results and
describing conclusions have not been received to date and are therefore not in the
attached material. This information has been distributed to a task group of the AISC
Committee on Manuals and Textbooks.
 Test Matrix

Support Simulated Slab

Test No. No. Bolts1,2 Hole Type Completed
Condition Restraint
1 Rigid 2 3 Short Slots No Y
2 Rigid 2 3 Standard No Y
3 Flexible 3 3 Short Slots No Y
4 Flexible 3 3 Standard No Y
5 Flexible 3 3 Short Slots Yes Y
6 Flexible 3 2 Standard No Y
7 Flexible 3 2 Short Slots No Y
8 Flexible 3 2 Short Slots Yes Y
9 Rigid 4 7 Short Slots No
10 Flexible 5 7 Short Slots Yes

Notes: 1. 3/4 in. diameter A325-N bolts used in all connections.

2. W16x50 beam and W14x145 column used for 2 and 3-bolt rigid support tests.
3. W16x50 beam, W18x50 girder, and two W14x90 columns used for 2 and 3-bolt flexible support tests.
4. W27x84 beam and W14x145 column used for 7-bolt rigid support test.
5. W27x84 beam, W30x99 girder, and two W14x90 columns used for 7-bolt flexible support test.
6. 3/8 in. thick shear tab used for all connections.

N.C. State University Shear Tab Connection Testing Draft, 09-25-03

 Summary of Test Results

At Approximate Design Load 3

Max. Applied Beam End Rotation Bolt Beam End Girder
Test No. Description Shear at Conn. 1 at Max. Shear Eccentricity Rotation Rotation 4
(kips) (rad) (in.) (rad) (rad)
2
1 3 bolt, rigid, short slots 78.8 0.036 1.6 0.008 -
2 3 bolt, rigid, standard 90.7 0.027 2.0 0.008 -
3 3 bolt, flexible, short slots 71.8 0.039 1.7 0.011 0.037 (0.66 in.)
4 3 bolt, flexible, standard 61.4 0.023 2.0 0.010 0.031 (0.56 in.)
5 3 bolt, flexible, short slots, 75.6 0.031 0.1 0.010 0.017 (0.31 in.)
simulated slab restraint
6 2 bolt, flexible, standard 44.2 0.012 4.4 0.005 0.013 (0.23 in.)
7 2 bolt, flexible, short slots 45.5 0.011 2.4 0.003 0.026 (0.47 in.)
8 2 bolt, flexible, short slots, 47.9 0.013 2.2 0.004 0.005 (0.09 in.)
simulated slab restraint
9 7 bolt, flexible, short slots
10 7 bolt, flexible, short slots,
simulated slab restraint
Notes: 1. Tests stopped after shear rupture of connection bolts.

2. Test stopped prior to shear rupture of connection bolts.

3. Shear at the connneciton = 30 kips (3-bolt), 15 kips (2-bolt), 100 kips (7-bolt)
4. Value in parentheses ( ) is the girder flange horizontal displacement resulting from the observed rotation

N.C. State University Shear Tab Connection Testing Draft, 09-25-03

 Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection Test Summary Sheet
Test ID: Test 3A (Flexible, Slotted)
Test Date: May 23, 2003
Sponsor: W & W Steel Company
Tested By: N.C. State University
Connection Description
Three bolt single plate connection with a flexible support condition, short slotted
holes, and snug tight bolts.
Shear Tab Plate Size: PL 3/8" x 4 1/2" x 0'-9" Fy = 43.2 ksi
Steel Grade: A36 Fu = 63.4 ksi

Bolts Diameter: 0.75 in.

Bolt Grade: A325
Ft = 106.4 ksi (Measured)
Pretension: 10 kips (snug-tight)
Thread Location: Included in shear plane

Beam Section: W16x50 Fy = 54.1 ksi

Steel Grade: A992 Fu = 69.3 ksi

Girder Section: W18x50

Steel Grade: A992
Experimental Results
Maximum Applied Shear at Connection = 71.8 kips
Maximum Beam End Rotation at Connection = 0.039 rad
Maximum Girder Rotation at Connection = 0.114 rad
Maximum Vertical Beam Deflection at Connection = 1.12 in.
Maximum Vertical Girder Deflection at Conneciton = 0.16 in.
Test observations:
• Elastic rotation of the supporing girder observed at 30 kips.
• Beam yielding at quarter points and midspan observed at 56 kips.
• Severe yielding of beam at quarter points and midspan, observed at 60 kips.
Large rotaion and small yielding of the top flange of the girder was observed
at 62 kips. The test was paused and braces were installed adjacent ot the
connection region to restrain the lateral movement of the girder top flange.
• At approximately 64 kips and 0.038 rad beam rotation, the test was paused
and additional load was applied adjacent to the connection region using a
hydraulic ram.
• Continued beam yielding and lateral torsional buckling of the beam between
lateral brace points was observed.
• Shear rupture of the connection bolts was observed at 71.8 kips.
• Failure of the a lateral brace mechanism located at the 3/4 load point
was observed at the time of bolt failure.

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 5/29/03

 112" 112" 112"

3" 2 3"

3/4" A325-N Bolts

11"

(See Note)

PL 3/8 x 4 1/2" x 0'-9" (A36)

3"
112"

W16 x 50 (A992)

5/16"
NOTE: Standard holes are used in all test beams.
W18x50 (A992) Standard or short slotted holes are used in
the shear tab.

Detail of Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection

Actuator Actuator

W14x145
Supporting
Columns (2)

Lateral Brace, Typ.

W16x50 Test Beam

Hydraulic Ram
W18x50 Roller Support
Test Girder

3"
316 13"
5'-816 6'-0" 6'-0" 5"
5'-716

5"
23'-716

Elevation of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 1/4 Point Load 3/4 Point Load
1/4 Point Disp. 3/4 Point Disp.
Additional
Shear Load

W16x50 Test Beam

Support Load
∆ 3/4 Point
∆ Girder ∆ Connection ∆ 1/4 Point ∆ Midspan
∆ Support

3"
316 13"
5'-816 6'-0" 6'-0" 5"
5'-716

5"
23'-716

Elevation of Test Setup Showing Instrumentation

1"
1"

TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4

ST1
214" 212" 214"

ST2
ST3
ST4
W16x50, A992
1"

BF1 BF2 BF3 BF4

412" 6" 6" 6"

Connection Region Strain Gage Instrumentation

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Overall Veiw of Test Setup

Test 3A – Connection Region Before Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Connection Region at End of Test

Test 3A – Connection Region at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Connection Region at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Shear Tab After Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Top Bolt Hole in Shear Tab After Test

Test 3A – Center Bolt Hole in Shear Tab After Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Bottom Bolt Hole in Shear Tab After Test

Test 3A – Top Bolt Hole in Beam Web After Test

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A – Connection Bolts at End of Test

Test 3A – Connection Bolts at End of Test (fit back together)

N.C. State University Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A (Flexible, Slotted)
Applied Shear vs. Rotation

80

70
Beam
Shear Tab
60
Bolts
50
Girder
40
Girder Web

30
Beam
20 Bolts

Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

Shear Tab
10 Girder
Girder Web
0
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140
Rotation at Connection (rad)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A (Flexible, Slotted)
Applied Shear vs. Deflection

80

70
Shear Tab
Girder
60

50 Beam
Bolts

40

30

20

Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

Beam
Bolts
10
Shear Tab
Girder
0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Vertical Deflection at Connection (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 5/29/03

 Test 3A (Flexible, Slotted)
Applied Shear vs. Bolt Eccentrictiy

80

70
e = 2 in.
60
e = 1.25
i
50

40

30

20

Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

10

0
-20 -18 -16 -14 -12 -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0
Eccentrictiy of Bolts, eb (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 5/29/03

 Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection Test Summary Sheet
Test ID: Test 6A (Flexible, Standard, Two-Bolt)
Test Date: July 17, 2003
Sponsor: W & W Steel Company
Tested By: Emmett Sumner, Ph. D., P.E. and Dustin Creech, EI
Tested By: Constructed Facilities Laboritory (CFL), North Carolina State University
Two bolt single plate connection with a flexible support condition, standard
holes, and snug tight bolts.
Shear Tab Plate Size: PL 3/8" x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" Fy = 43.2 ksi
Steel Grade: A36 Fu = 63.4 ksi

Bolts Diameter: 0.75 in.

Bolt Grade: A325
Ft = 106.4 ksi (Measured)
Pretension: 10 kips (snug-tight)
Thread Location: Included in shear plane

Beam Section: W16x50 Fy = 54.1 ksi

Steel Grade: A992 Fu = 69.3 ksi

Girder Section: W18x50

Steel Grade: A992
Experimental Results
Maximum Applied Shear at Connection = 44.2 kips
Maximum Beam End Rotation at Connection = 0.012 rad
Maximum Girder Rotation at Connection = 0.083 rad
Maximum Vertical Beam Deflection at Connection = 0.78 in.
Maximum Vertical Girder Deflection at Conneciton = 0.09 in.

Test observations:
• At service load conditions, 18kips, girder experienced some elastic rotation.
• At 30 kips, first appearance of concentrated yielding near brace at midspan.
• At 40 kips, the test was paused and a visible increase in girder rotation
as well as slight curvature of beam was noted. Data indicated a leveling slope
in connection rotation, suggesting approach of failure
• Testing resumed and shear rupture of the connection bolts was observed
at 44 kips. The beam was unyielded from test.

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 112" 112" 11"
2
112" 12" 3"

3/4" A325-N Bolts

1

(See Note)
3"

PL 3/8 x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" (A36)

W16 x 50 (A992)

5/16"
NOTE: Standard holes are used in all test beams.
W18x50 (A992) Standard or short slotted holes are used in
the shear tab.

Detail of Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection

Actuator Actuator

W14x145
Supporting
Columns (2)

Lateral Brace, Typ.

W16x50 Test Beam

W18x50 Roller Support

Test Girder

3"
316 13"
5'-816 6'-0" 6'-0" 5"
5'-716

5"
23'-716

Elevation of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 1/4 Point Load 3/4 Point Load
1/4 Point Disp. 3/4 Point Disp.

W16x50 Test Beam

Support Load
∆ 3/4 Point
∆ Girder ∆ Connection ∆ 1/4 Point ∆ Midspan
∆ Support

3"
316 13"
5'-816 6'-0" 6'-0" 5"
5'-716

5"
23'-716

Elevation of Test Setup Showing Instrumentation

1"
1"

TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4

ST1
2" 2"

ST2
ST3
1"

BF1 BF2 BF3 BF4 W16x50, A992

412" 6" 6" 6"

Connection Region Strain Gage Instrumentation

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A – Overall View of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A – Connection Region Before Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A – Connection Region at End of Test

Test 6A – Top Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A – Bottom Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

Test 6A – Connection Bolts at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A – Connection Bolts at End of Test (fit back together)

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A (Flexible, Standard, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Rotation
50

45

40
Beam
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

35
Bolts

30

Shear Tab
25

20 Girder Web

Girder Beam
15
Bolts
Girder, Shear Tab, &
10 Bolt Rotation @ Conn. Shear Tab
Shear @ Conn.
Girder
5
Girder Web

0
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140
Rotation at Connection (rad)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A (Flexible, Standard, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Deflection

50

45
Shear Tab
40
Girder
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

Beam
35

30

25
Beam
20
Shear @ Conn.
Bolts
Shear Tab

∆ Bolt
15 ∆ Plate
Girder
∆ Girder ∆ Beam
10
Note: The pot measuring the vertical deflection of the
5 beam malfunctioned. Therefore, no data was obtained
from that pot.

0
0.00 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 0.60 0.70 0.80 0.90
Vertical Deflection at Connection (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 6A (Flexible, Standard, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Bolt Eccentrictiy

50

45

40
e = 4.4 in.
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

35

30

25

20

15 e bolts

10 Shear @ Conn.

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Eccentrictiy of Bolts, eb (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection Test Summary Sheet
Test ID: Test 7A (Flexible, Slotted, Two-Bolt)
Test Date: August 29, 2003
Sponsor: W & W Steel Company
Tested By: Emmett Sumner, Ph. D., P.E. and Dustin Creech, EI
Tested By: Constructed Facilities Laboritory (CFL), North Carolina State University
Two bolt single plate connection with a flexible support condition, slotted
holes, and snug tight bolts.
Shear Tab Plate Size: PL 3/8" x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" Fy = 43.2 ksi
Steel Grade: A36 Fu = 63.4 ksi

Bolts Diameter: 0.75 in.

Bolt Grade: A325
Ft = 106.4 ksi (Measured)
Pretension: 10 kips (snug-tight)
Thread Location: Included in shear plane

Beam Section: W16x50 Fy = 54.1 ksi

Steel Grade: A992 Fu = 69.3 ksi

Girder Section: W18x50

Steel Grade: A992
Experimental Results
Maximum Applied Shear at Connection = 45.45 kips
Maximum Beam End Rotation at Connection = 0.011 rad
Maximum Girder Rotation at Connection = 0.099 rad
Maximum Vertical Beam Deflection at Connection = 1.11 in.
Maximum Vertical Girder Deflection at Conneciton = 0.07 in.

Test observations:
• At service load conditions, 18kips, the connection exhibited slight rotation
The first appearance of concentrated yield marks at midspan of top flange
was noted.
• At 30 kips, an increase in concentrated yielding at midspan of beam as
well as an increase in rotation at connection was observed.
• At 40 kips, yielding of the shear tab and localized yielding on web near all
stiffeners was noted.
• Shear rupture of the connection bolts was observed at 45 kips. Upon
examination of the connection, failure of the top portion of the shear tab weld
was noted. Although the beam underwent localized yielding, overall, the beam
was relatively unyielded.

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 112" 112" 11"
2
112" 12" 3"

3/4" A325-N Bolts

1

(See Note)
3"

PL 3/8 x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" (A36)

W16 x 50 (A992)

5/16"
NOTE: Standard holes are used in all test beams.
W18x50 (A992) Standard or short slotted holes are used in
the shear tab.

Detail of Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection

W14x145
Supporting
Columns (2) Actuator Actuator

Lateral Brace, Typ.

W16x50 Test Beam

7" 7"
W18x50 Roller Support
Test Girder

3"
316 5'-885" 5'-5" 6'-7" 4'-581"

22'-143"

Elevation of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 1/4 Point Load 3/4 Point Load
1/4 Point Disp. 3/4 Point Disp.

W16x50 Test Beam

Support Load
∆ 3/4 Point
∆ Girder ∆ Connection ∆ 1/4 Point ∆ Midspan
∆ Support

3"
316 5'-885" 5'-5" 6'-7" 4'-518"

22'-143"

Elevation of Test Setup Showing Instrumentation

1"
1"

TF1 TF2 TF3 TF4

ST1
2" 2"

ST2
ST3
1"

BF1 BF2 BF3 BF4 W16x50, A992

412" 6" 6" 6"

Connection Region Strain Gage Instrumentation

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A – Overall View of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A – Connection Region Before Test

Test 7A – Connection Region at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A – Connection Region at End of Test

Test 7A – Top Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A – Bottom Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

Test 7A – Failure of Shear Tab Weld at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A – Connection Bolts at End of Test

Test 7A – Connection Bolts at End of Test (fit back together)

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A (Flexible, Slotted, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Rotation
50

45
Girder Web

40
Girder
Bolts
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

35

Beam
30
Shear Tab
25
Beam
20 Bolts
Girder, Shear Tab, & Shear Tab
Bolt Rotation @ Conn.
15
Shear @ Conn. Girder

10 Girder Web
Note: The pot measuring the rotation at the top of
the shear tab malfunctioned. Data was
5 approximated to reflect shear tab rotation based
upon a rotation about the centerline of the shear tab.

0
0.000 0.050 0.100 0.150 0.200
Rotation at Connection (rad)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A (Flexible, Slotted, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Deflection

50

45
Shear Tab
40
Bolts
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

35
Girder
30
Beam
25

20

15
Beam
10
Shear @ Conn.
Bolts

∆ Bolt
∆ Plate Shear Tab
5 ∆ Girder ∆ Beam
Girder

0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Vertical Deflection at Connection (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 7A (Flexible, Slotted, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Bolt Eccentrictiy

50

45

40
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

35

30
e = 2.4 in.

25

20
e bolts
15
Shear @ Conn.

10

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Eccentrictiy of Bolts, eb (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection Test Summary Sheet
Test ID: Test 8A (Flexible, Slotted, Welded Plate, Two-Bolt)
Test Date: September 8, 2003
Sponsor: W & W Steel Company
Tested By: Emmett Sumner, Ph. D., P.E. and Dustin Creech, EI
Tested By: Constructed Facilities Laboritory (CFL), North Carolina State University
Connection Description
Two bolt single plate connection with a flexible support condition, slotted
holes, welded tie plate between top flange of girder and beam, and snug tight bolts.
Shear Tab Plate Size: PL 3/8" x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" Fy = 43.2 ksi
Steel Grade: A36 Fu = 63.4 ksi

Bolts Diameter: 0.75 in.

Bolt Grade: A325
Ft = 106.4 ksi (Measured)
Pretension: 10 kips (snug-tight)
Thread Location: Included in shear plane

Beam Section: W16x50 Fy = 54.1 ksi

Steel Grade: A992 Fu = 69.3 ksi

Girder Section: W18x50

Steel Grade: A992

Tie Plate Plate Size: PL 3/8" x 6" x 6"

Steel Grade: A36
Experimental Results
Maximum Applied Shear at Connection = 47.93 kips
Maximum Beam End Rotation at Connection = 0.013 rad
Maximum Girder Rotation at Connection = 0.032 rad
Maximum Vertical Beam Deflection at Connection = 1.08 in.
Maximum Vertical Girder Deflection at Conneciton = 0.15 in.

Test observations:
• At 11 kips, a shift at the connection was noted, resulting in an increase in beam
deflection and connection rotation.
• At service load conditions, 18 kips, there was slight rotation at connection with minimal
girder rotation due to restraints.
• At 30 kips, a visible rotation at connection was noted.
• The connection sustained loading up to 46 kips. After which a weakening of connection
was noted as the load dropped slightly.
• Connection sustained an increase in load. Failure occurred at 48 kips when the bottom
bolt sheared and the top portion of the shear tab weld failed. The top bolt was
reasonably straight and the beam was relatively unyielded.
N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03
 PL 3/8" x 6" x 0'-6" (A36)

112" 112" 112"

5/16"
3"

3/4" A325-N Bolts

112" 12"
1

(See Note)
3"

PL 3/8 x 4 1/2" x 0'-6" (A36)

W16 x 50 (A992)

5/16"
NOTE: Standard holes are used in all test beams.
W18x50 (A992) Standard or short slotted holes are used in
the shear tab.

Detail of Single Plate (Shear Tab) Connection

W14x145
Supporting
Columns (2) Actuator Actuator

Lateral Brace, Typ.

W16x50 Test Beam

PL 3/8" x 6" x 6"

7" 7"
W18x50 Roller Support
Test Girder

3"
316 5'-885" 5'-5" 6'-7" 4'-581"

22'-143"

Elevation of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 1/4 Point Load 3/4 Point Load
1/4 Point Disp. 3/4 Point Disp.

W16x50 Test Beam

Support Load
∆ 3/4 Point
∆ Girder ∆ Connection ∆ 1/4 Point ∆ Midspan
∆ Support

3"
316 5'-885" 5'-5" 6'-7" 4'-581"

22'-143"

Elevation of Test Setup Showing Instrumentation

1"
1"

TF2 TF3 TF4

ST1
2" 2"

ST2
ST3
1"

BF1 BF2 BF3 BF4 W16x50, A992

412" 6" 6" 6"

Connection Region Strain Gage Instrumentation

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Overall View of Test Setup

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Connection Region Before Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Connection Region at End of Test

Test 8A – Connection Region at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Top Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

Test 8A – Bottom Bolt Hole in Shear Tab at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Failure of Shear Tab Weld at End of Test

Test 8A – Connection Bolts at End of Test

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A – Connection Bolts at End of Test (fit back together)

N.C. State University Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A (Flexible, Slotted, Slab Restraint, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Rotation
60

50
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

40
Beam

Bolts Girder Web Beam

30
Bolts
Girder, Shear Tab, &
Bolt Rotation @ Conn. Shear Tab
Girder Shear @ Conn.
20 Girder
Girder Web

10
Note: The pot measuring the rotation at the top of the
shear tab malfunctioned. Therefore, the shear tab data
was omitted from this plot.

0
0.000 0.020 0.040 0.060 0.080 0.100 0.120 0.140
Rotation at Connection (rad)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A (Flexible, Slotted, Slab Restraint, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Deflection

60

50 Shear Tab

Bolts
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

40 Girder

Beam
30

20 Beam
Shear @ Conn. Bolts
Shear Tab
∆ Bolt ∆ Plate

10 Girder
∆ Girder ∆ Beam

0
0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00 1.20
Vertical Deflection at Connection (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03

 Test 8A (Flexible, Slotted, Slab Restraint, Two-Bolt)
Applied Shear vs. Bolt Eccentrictiy

60

50
Applied Shear at Connection (kips)

40

e = 2.2 in.

30

20 e bolts

Shear @ Conn.

10

0
-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10
Eccentrictiy of Bolts, eb (in.)

N.C. State Universtiy Draft 9/25/03