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Programmed Instruction

Programmed instruction is a method of self-paced learning that replaces a tutor with a "program" consisting of frames that lead the student through desired behaviors. It presents content in small, logically sequenced steps requiring active student response and immediate feedback. The assumptions are that students learn better when active, motivated by response confirmation, and committing few errors. Programmed instruction allows individual, self-paced learning without a teacher's physical presence.

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Anilkumar Jarali
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2K views

Programmed Instruction

Programmed instruction is a method of self-paced learning that replaces a tutor with a "program" consisting of frames that lead the student through desired behaviors. It presents content in small, logically sequenced steps requiring active student response and immediate feedback. The assumptions are that students learn better when active, motivated by response confirmation, and committing few errors. Programmed instruction allows individual, self-paced learning without a teacher's physical presence.

Uploaded by

Anilkumar Jarali
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 14

PROGRAMMED

INSTRUCTION
Definition

“ It is kind of learning in which a ‘program’


takes the place of a tutor for the student & leads
him through a set of frames of specialized
behaviors designed & sequenced to make it more
probable that he will behave in a given desired
way.”
 Kochhar S. K. 1992
2
Objectives for assumptions of
programmed instruction:
 To help student to learn by doing.

 To provide the situation to learn at his own pace.

 To help student to learn without the presence of a


teacher.

 To present the content in a controlled manner &


in logically related steps.

 To study by himself & assess his own performance


by comparing it with the given answer.
3
Characteristics of Programmed
Learning

 Assumption stated clearly in writing:


 Explicitly stated objectives:
 Logical sequence of small steps:
 Active responding:
 Immediate feedback of information:
 Individual rate:
 Constant evaluation:
4
Types of programming:

1. Linear programming or extrinsic :


 Linear programming is based strictly upon a
learning theory of conditioning.
 The primary objective is to bring the behavior of
the learner under the control of variety of stimuli
through the use of easy steps, one at a time.
 Each step requires the student to participate
actively by making a response
5
2. Branching programming:

 In this system, the student is given a problem & a


number of answers, out of this one answer is
correct when a student selects an answer he is
directed to a specific frame.

 This frame shows him if his answer is wrong &


why it is wrong.

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3. Adjunct programming:

 A large step text followed by test items. The


information may run to pages.

 After reading information, the learner answers a


series of questions.

 Each answer is checked with correct answer


given at the end.

 If the learner is wrong then he is told which


page, he should read to get the correct answer.
7
Assumption of programmed instruction:
 A student learns better by being active.

 A student learns better if he is motivated to learn by


confirming his responses.

 Student learns better if the content matter is


presented in small steps.

 A student learns better if he commits minimum


errors in his learning.

 A student learns better if the sequence of content is


psychologically valid.
8
Steps for development of programmed
instruction:
 Selection of the topic to be programmed.

 Identifying the objectives.

 Content analysis for developing the instruction


procedure.

 Writing objectives in behavioral terms.

 Construction of criterion test.

9
 Deciding appropriate paradigm & strategy of
programmed on of criterion

 Writing programmed frames & individual try


out.

 Group tries out, revising & editing the


programmed & preparing final dealt.

 Master validation or evaluation of programmed


in terms of internal & external criteria.

 Preparation of a manual of the programmed


instruction.
10
Advantages

 Enables student to work at his own pace.

 It helps to develop high efficiency.

 It facilitates self evaluation.

 It gives individual instruction.

 The student proceed at his own pace.

 The student is provided with immediate


knowledge of results.

11
Advantages

 The physical presence of the teacher is not


required.

 It permits mass teaching.

 It can lead to high availability.

 It facilitates decision taking in solution of


complex problems.

 It decreases risk for patient or society.

12
Disadvantages:

 Requires experts on programmed instruction.


 Preparation is difficult and time consuming.
 Material is not available.
 Necessitates special educational competence.
 It costs high additional investment cost in
teacher’s time and money.
 There will be no group dynamics.
13
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