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    Programmed Learning

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    Rajakumaran
    Programmed learning is a self-paced educational method developed by B.F. Skinner based on operant conditioning. It presents material in small sequential steps, requires active student responses, and provides immediate feedback to reinforce correct answers. There are two types: linear programming which presents one path of frames, and branched programming which provides remedial frames for incorrect answers before returning to the main path. The principles and goals of programmed learning are to break down instruction into simple units, maintain student engagement, and allow students to learn at their own pace through self-evaluation.

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    Programmed Learning

    Uploaded by

    Rajakumaran
    1K views12 pages
    Programmed learning is a self-paced educational method developed by B.F. Skinner based on operant conditioning. It presents material in small sequential steps, requires active student responses, and provides immediate feedback to reinforce correct answers. There are two types: linear programming which presents one path of frames, and branched programming which provides remedial frames for incorrect answers before returning to the main path. The principles and goals of programmed learning are to break down instruction into simple units, maintain student engagement, and allow students to learn at their own pace through self-evaluation.

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    Programmed learning is a self-paced educational method developed by B.F. Skinner based on operant conditioning. It presents material in small sequential steps, requires active student responses, and provides immediate feedback to reinforce correct answers. There are two types: linear programming which presents one path of frames, and branched programming which provides remedial frames for incorrect answers before returning to the main path. The principles and goals of programmed learning are to break down instruction into simple units, maintain student engagement, and allow students to learn at their own pace through self-evaluation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    1K views12 pages

    Programmed Learning

    Uploaded by

    Rajakumaran
    Programmed learning is a self-paced educational method developed by B.F. Skinner based on operant conditioning. It presents material in small sequential steps, requires active student responses, and provides immediate feedback to reinforce correct answers. There are two types: linear programming which presents one path of frames, and branched programming which provides remedial frames for incorrect answers before returning to the main path. The principles and goals of programmed learning are to break down instruction into simple units, maintain student engagement, and allow students to learn at their own pace through self-evaluation.

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    Programmed Learning

    Introduction
    • The term Programmed learning has been coined from
    principles of operant learning or conditioning developed at the
    psychological laboratories on the basis of experimental studies
    conducted on animals by B.F.Skinner of Harvard University. This
    concept was used to development of self learning material or
    programmed learning and teaching machines.

    • B.F.Skinner and his companions had first started ‘programmed


    learning’ in 1943
    Introduction
    • One day B.F.Skinner attended the opening day of his daughter’s
    school, he found that most of the instructions given by the
    teachers were ineffective. So he decided to solve such problem
    in the field of education.
    • B.F.Skinner published a paper entitled ‘Science of Learning and
    art of Teaching’ . This paper leads the way for the programmed
    instruction. He claimed that desirable behaviour can be brought
    out by continuous feed back.
    • Thereafter, Sidney L.Pressey designed a teaching machine for
    teaching purpose
    Meaning and Definition of
    Programmed Learning
    • Programmed instruction is the process of arranging the
    material to be learned into a series of sequential steps that is
    from known to unknown. ------ Smith and Moore
    • Programmed learning is a method of designing a reproducible
    sequence of instructional events to produce a measurable and
    consistent effect on behaviour of each and every acceptable
    students. ------ Susan Markle
    • Programmed learning refers to the arrangement of
    instructional material in prograssive sequences.
    ---------- Harold W.Bernard
    Principles of Programmed Learning

    • Principle of Small Steps


    • Principle of Active Response
    • Principle of Immediate Confirmation
    • Principle of self –Pacing
    • Principle of Self Evaluation
    Characteristics of Programmed Learning
    • Positive Characteristics
    – Individualized Instruction
    – Logical Sequence of material (Small Steps)
    – Interaction between the learner and the programme
    – Immediate Knowledge of results
    – Organized nature of Knowledge
    – Learners Own Speed (Self Pacing)
    – Constant Evaluation
    Characteristics of Programmed Learning
    • Negaitive Characteristics
    – Not a Test
    – Not an Audio Visual Aid
    – No Chances for Real Objects
    – There is no equality (gifted will learn soon when
    compare to slow learners)
    – There is no Love and concern
    – There are less auditory communication in PLM
    – Personal values of the students can not be evaluated
    Assumptions of Programmed Learning

    • Being Active
    • More motivation to learn
    • Content Mater will be presented in small steps so learning
    will be eassy to the learner
    • He commits minimum mistakes in his learning
    • Sequence of the Content is Simple to Complex
    • It promotes the self learning
    Objectives of Programmed Learning

    • To help the students for learning by doing


    • To provide the situation to learn at his/her own speed
    • To help the student to learn without the presence of teacher
    • To present the mater in a logical manar
    • To study himself
    • To evaluate himself
    • To compare his/her answer with the key
    Types of Programmed Learning

    • Linear Programming
    • Branched Programming
    Linear Programming

    • This was developed by B.F.Skinner and his associates.


    • In this method the subject method will be devided into very
    small steps each of which is called as frame.
    • In each frame, the student to do something.
    • After giving the answer for the question immediately he can
    check wheather his answer in correct or wrong

    F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6
    Branching Programming

    • This was developed by Norman, A.Crowder (1960) and it was


    called as intrinsic programme
    • In this method the subject should select the answer for the
    question(Objective Type).
    • If subject’s answer is correct he will lead to the next frame.
    • If subject’s answer is wrong he will lead to the remedial frame
    • After the remedial frame he will directed to the main frame
    If Answer is Wrong

    F1.1

    If Answer is Correct

    F1 F2

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