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    Contact Pressure and Yield Stress

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    thisisjinesh
    The document discusses contact pressure and yield stress in materials. It states that the Hertz contact equations cannot be used if the contact pressure exceeds the material's yield stress, as plastic deformation will occur. A finite element model is then needed. It finds that full plastic contact occurs at around 3 times the material's yield stress, while initial plasticity starts around 1.1 times the yield stress. Adding mechanical shear from sliding could further decrease the load or temperature at which yield occurs. Therefore, testing materials at loads that exceed 3 times the yield stress is pointless, as the result will always be plastic deformation regardless of test conditions.

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    Contact Pressure and Yield Stress

    Uploaded by

    thisisjinesh
    288 views2 pages
    The document discusses contact pressure and yield stress in materials. It states that the Hertz contact equations cannot be used if the contact pressure exceeds the material's yield stress, as plastic deformation will occur. A finite element model is then needed. It finds that full plastic contact occurs at around 3 times the material's yield stress, while initial plasticity starts around 1.1 times the yield stress. Adding mechanical shear from sliding could further decrease the load or temperature at which yield occurs. Therefore, testing materials at loads that exceed 3 times the yield stress is pointless, as the result will always be plastic deformation regardless of test conditions.

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    Guidance-Contact-Pressure-Yield-Stress

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    The document discusses contact pressure and yield stress in materials. It states that the Hertz contact equations cannot be used if the contact pressure exceeds the material's yield stress, as plastic deformation will occur. A finite element model is then needed. It finds that full plastic contact occurs at around 3 times the material's yield stress, while initial plasticity starts around 1.1 times the yield stress. Adding mechanical shear from sliding could further decrease the load or temperature at which yield occurs. Therefore, testing materials at loads that exceed 3 times the yield stress is pointless, as the result will always be plastic deformation regardless of test conditions.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    288 views2 pages

    Contact Pressure and Yield Stress

    Uploaded by

    thisisjinesh
    The document discusses contact pressure and yield stress in materials. It states that the Hertz contact equations cannot be used if the contact pressure exceeds the material's yield stress, as plastic deformation will occur. A finite element model is then needed. It finds that full plastic contact occurs at around 3 times the material's yield stress, while initial plasticity starts around 1.1 times the yield stress. Adding mechanical shear from sliding could further decrease the load or temperature at which yield occurs. Therefore, testing materials at loads that exceed 3 times the yield stress is pointless, as the result will always be plastic deformation regardless of test conditions.

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    Contact Pressure and Yield Stress

    In the case of point contacts (round or elliptical) that we may not be


    justified in using the Hertzian contact equations. For these to be true, it
    is assumed that the contact is elastic, that the contact zone is flat, that
    there are no shear stresses in the contact zone and that the contact
    radius is much smaller than the radius of the ball or cylinder. This will not
    be the case if the nominal contact pressure exceeds the yield stress of
    one or other side of the contact. In this case, we cannot sensibly use the
    Hertz equations and instead must use an elasto-plastic finite element
    model to evaluate the contact conditions. Such models lead to the
    perhaps slightly unexpected conclusion that increasing the load on our
    ball or cylinder simply increases the size of the plastic zone. If the ball is
    the harder surface, we simply have a brinell hardness test.

    The mean pressure for FULL plastic contact (analogous to a hardness test)
    is about 3Y where Y is the uni-axial yield stress. Initiation of plastic flow
    starts at a lower pressure and occurs when the max shear stress reaches
    the shear yield stress k for the material. The maximum shear stress in a
    Hertz contact is buried at 0.47a below the surface and is approximately
    0.47 * mean contact pressure. This all means that for a Tresca material
    the mean contact pressure for initiation of yield is about 1.1Y. But note
    that the surface material is still elastic - there is a miniscule plastic
    enclave under the surface.

    If we now add mechanical shear, because of sliding action, we would


    expect a further decrease in either the applied load or temperature at
    which yield occurs.

    The upshot of all this, is confirmation of the general pointlessness, pun


    intended, of running a matrix of tests with a ball on flat specimen
    configuration at different loads and temperatures. We learn nothing if our
    test simply produces the same result, regardless of test conditions. This is
    equivalent to trying to run a tensile test in which we try to control the
    load at levels in excess of the ultimate tensile strength of the material
    sample; it does not matter what load we attempt to apply, we always get
    the same answer.

     If you want to avoid plastic flow, do not exceed 1.1Y.


     If the contacts in your real application do not involve pressures
    close to or in excess of the 3*Y, do not use conditions that produce
    contact pressure in excess of 3*Y in your test system.
     If you choose to use test conditions that give contact pressures in
    excess of 3*Y, don’t bother running a matrix of tests at different
    loads.

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