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    Impact of Jet: Technical Engineering Collage

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    DhurghAm M Almosaoy
    1. The document describes an experiment to investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a water jet on different target vanes. 2. As the water flow rate increased, both the predicted and measured force values increased for flat plates and hemispherical cups. 3. Some measured force values were larger than predicted, possibly due to errors in measurement or losses in the experimental apparatus.

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    Impact of Jet: Technical Engineering Collage

    Uploaded by

    DhurghAm M Almosaoy
    21 views6 pages
    1. The document describes an experiment to investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a water jet on different target vanes. 2. As the water flow rate increased, both the predicted and measured force values increased for flat plates and hemispherical cups. 3. Some measured force values were larger than predicted, possibly due to errors in measurement or losses in the experimental apparatus.

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    1. The document describes an experiment to investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a water jet on different target vanes. 2. As the water flow rate increased, both the predicted and measured force values increased for flat plates and hemispherical cups. 3. Some measured force values were larger than predicted, possibly due to errors in measurement or losses in the experimental apparatus.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    21 views6 pages

    Impact of Jet: Technical Engineering Collage

    Uploaded by

    DhurghAm M Almosaoy
    1. The document describes an experiment to investigate the reaction force produced by the impact of a water jet on different target vanes. 2. As the water flow rate increased, both the predicted and measured force values increased for flat plates and hemispherical cups. 3. Some measured force values were larger than predicted, possibly due to errors in measurement or losses in the experimental apparatus.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Technical engineering collage

    .BUILDIND &CONSTRACTION DEB

    STAGE:SECOND YEAR

    NAME:Dhurgham Mohammed Taha

    DATE OF EXPERMENT:11 /03/2018

    Experment no.7

    )Impact of jet(
    Introduction
    Impact of jets apparatus enables experiments to be carried out on the :
    reaction force produced on vanes when a jet of water impacts on to the
    vane. The study of these reaction forces is an essential step in the subject of
    mechanics of fluids which can be applied to hydraulic machinery such as the
    Pelton wheel and the impulse turbine.Purpose:To investigate the reaction
    force produced by the impact of a jet of water ontovarious target vanes
    .Apparatus:1.Impact of jet apparatus.2.Hydraulic bench.

    :Theory
    When a jet of water flowing with a steady velocity strikes a solid surface the
    water is deflected to flow along the surface. If friction is neglected by assuming
    an inviscid fluid and it is also assumed that there are no losses due to shocks
    then the magnitude of the water velocity is unchanged. The pressure exerted
    by the water on the solid surface will everywhere be at right angles to the
    surface.Consider a jet of water which impacts on to a target surface causing
    the direction of the jet to be changed through an angle as shown in figure
    2below. In the absence of friction the magnitude of the velocity across the
    surface is equal to the incident velocity Vi. The impulse force exerted on the
    target will be equal and opposite to the force which acts on the water to impart
    the change in direction
    : Procedure
    Position the weight carrier on the weight platform and add weights until the .1
    top of the target is clear of the stop and the weight platform is floating in mid
    position. Move the pointer so that it is aligned with the weight platform.
    Record the value of weights on the weight carrier
    Start the pump and establish the water flow by steadily opening the bench .2.
    regulating valve until it is fully open
    The vane will now be deflected by the impact of the jet.Place additional .3.
    weights onto the weight carrier until the weight platform is again floating in
    mid position. Measure the flow rate and record the result on the test sheet,
    together with the corresponding value of weight on the tray. Observe the
    form of the deflected jet and note its shape
    Reduce the weight on the weight carrier in steps and maintain balance of .4.
    the weight platform by regulating the flow rate in about three steps, each
    time recording the value of the flow rate and weights on the weight carrier
    Close the control valve and switch off the pump. Allow the apparatus to .5.
    drain
    Replace the 5mm nozzle with the 8mm diameter nozzle and repeat the .6.
    tests.7.Replace the normal vane with the 45°conical vane and repeat the
    test with both the 5mm and 8mm nozzles.8.Replace the 45°conical vane
    with the hemispherical vane and repeat the tests with both the 5mm and
    8mm nozzles
    :Calculations

    Volum (m3) TIME(SEC) Q(M3/SEC) V(M3/SEC) F1(N) F2(N)

    FOR FLATE PLATE

    FOR HEMISPHERCAL CUP


    :Conclusions
    As the volumetric rate of flow 'Q' increased, the force resulted from the impact of the jet on -1
    both the flatplate and the hemispherical cup, is increased to for the predicted 'F1' and the
    measured 'F2' values of the force. This relation can be seen clearly from the four plots
    accompanied with this report. This result was already predicted from the change in
    .momentum equation of calculating the force
    Some measured value of the Jet force showed larger values than the predicted one. This -2
    :might be occurred for the following reasons
    .o Errors in taking the reading-3
    .o Losses in the experiment apparatus-4
    These losses were used in calculating the experiment efficiency which showed values of -5
    0.8 for the flat plate and 0.83 for the hemispherical cup
    The impact of the Jet forces on the flat plate where half of it on the hemispherical cup. -6 .
    This result is displayed clearly in plots 1 & 2 for both predicted and measured values of the
    force. This was already predicted from the equations of momentum for calculating the
    .forces
    According to the last point the hemispherical cup is more efficient for using in a turbine -7
    than the flat plat, but only one point to be considered is that the water to exit the cup is going
    to collide with water entering the cup which will reduce the force, for that reason the cup is
    .◦made in angles less than 180

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