Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS (GATE, IES, IAS)

Previous 20-Years GATE Questions

Strain Energy or Resilience

GATE-1. The strain energy stored in the beam with flexural rigidity EI and loaded as
shown in the figure is: [GATE-2008]

P 2L3 2P 2L3 4P 2L3 8P 2L3

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3EI 3EI 3EI 3EI
4L L 3L 4L
M 2dx M 2dx M 2dx M 2dx
GATE-1. Ans. (c) ∫ EI
=∫
EI
+∫
EI
+∫
EI
0 0 L 3L
L
M 2dx
3L
M 2dx ⎡ L 2 4L 2 ⎤
= 2∫ +∫ ⎢By symmetry M dx = M dx ⎥
EI EI ⎢
⎢⎣
∫ EI ∫ EI ⎥⎥
0 L 0 3L ⎦
L 3L
(Px )2 dx (PL )2 dx 4P 2L3
= 2∫ +∫ =
0
EI L
EI 3EI

PL3
GATE-2. is the deflection under the load P of a cantilever beam [length L, modulus
3EI
of elasticity, E, moment of inertia-I]. The strain energy due to bending is:
[GATE-1993]
P 2 L3 P 2 L3 P 2 L3 P 2 L3
(a) (b) (c ) (d )
3EI 6 EI 4 EI 48 EI
GATE-2. Ans. (b) We may do it taking average
3
⎛ P ⎞ PL P 2 L3
Strain energy = Average force x displacement = ⎜ ⎟ × =
⎝ 2 ⎠ 3EI 6 EI
∂U
Alternative method: In a funny way you may use Castiglione’s theorem, δ = . Then
∂P
∂U PL3 PL3
δ= = or U = ∫ ∂U = ∫ ∂P Partially integrating with respect to P we get
∂P 3EI 3EI
P2L3
U=
6EI

Page 391 of 429

C
Chapter-14 Strain En
nergy Meth
hod S K Mo
ondal’s
G
GATE-3. The stresss-strain behaviour
T b of a
m
material i
is shown in figur re. Its
r
resilience hness, in Nm/m
and tough N 3,

a respectively
are
(aa) 28 × 104, 76 × 104
(bb) 28 × 104, 48 × 104
(cc) 14 × 104, 90
9 × 104
(dd) 76 × 104

[GATEE-2000]
G
GATE-3. An
ns. (c) Resiliience = area under this curve
c up to 0.004 strain n
1
= × 0.004 × 70 × 106 = 14 4 × 10 4 Nm/m
m3
2
T
Toughness = area under this curve up u to 0.012 strain
s
1
7 × 106 × ( 0.0
= 14 × 10 4 + 70 012 − 0.004 ) + × ( 0.012 − 0.004 ) × (120 − 70 ) × 10
06 Nm/m3
2
= 90 × 104 Nm m/m3

G
GATE-4. A square ba ar of side 4 cm and le ength 100 cmm is subjec cted to an aaxial load P.P The
s
same bar iss then usedd as a cantiilever beamm and subje ected to alll end load P.P The
r
ratio of the
e strain ene ergies, storred in the bar in the second case to that stored
in
n the first case, is: [GATEE-1998]
(a
a) 16 (b) 400 (c) 1000 (d) 2500
2
⎛W⎞
⎜ A ⎟ AL W 2L
G
GATE-4. A
Ans. (d) U1 = ⎝ ⎠ =
2E 2AE
2 3 2 3
W L W L 2W 2L3
U2 = = =
6EI ⎛ 1 ⎞ Ea 4
6E ⎜ a4 ⎟
⎝ 12 ⎠
2
U2 4L2 ⎛ 100 ⎞
o
or = 2 = 4×⎜ ⎟ = 2500
U1 a ⎝ 4 ⎠

T
Toughn
ness
G
GATE-5. The total ar
T rea under the stress--strain curv
ve of a milld steel spe
ecimen testted up
to failure under tensio on is a mea asure of [GATEE-2002]
a) Ductility
(a (b) Ultimate
U streength (c) Stiffn
ness (d) Tough
hness
G
GATE-5. An
ns. (d)

Prev
vious 20-Ye
2 ars IE
ES Que
estion
ns

S
Strain E
Energy
y or Re
esilienc
ce
IES-1. What is the
W e strain en
nergy store
ed in a bod me V with stress σ due
dy of volum d to
g
gradually a
applied load
d? [IES
S-2006]
σE σ E2 σV 2 σ 2V
(a
a) (b) (c) (d)
V V E 2E
W
Where, E = Modulus
M of elasticity
e
1 σ2
IES-1. Ans. (d) Strain Energy = . ×V
2 E

IES-2. A bar havinng length L and uniform cross s-section with

w area A is subjec
cted to
b
both tensile force P and torqu ue Page
T. If
392Gof 429
is the she
ear modulus and E is the
Y
Young's moodulus, the internal sttrain energ gy stored in
n the bar iss: [IES
S-2003]
Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s
2 2 2 2 2 2
T L P L T L P L T L P L T L P2 L
2
(a) + (b) + (c) + (d) +
2GJ AE GJ 2 AE 2GJ 2 AE GJ AE
1 1 1 PL 1 TL
IES-2. Ans. (c) Internal strain energy = Pδ + T θ = P + T
2 2 2 AE 2 GJ

IES-3. Strain energy stored in a body of volume V subjected to uniform stress s is:
[IES-2002]
(a) s E / V (b) sE2/ V (c) sV2/E (d) s2V/2E
IES-3. Ans. (d)

IES-4. A bar of length L and of uniform cross-sectional area A and second moment of
area ‘I’ is subjected to a pull P. If Young's modulus of elasticity of the bar
material is E, the expression for strain energy stored in the bar will be:
[IES-1999]
P2L PL2 PL2 P2L
(a) (b) (c)
(d)
2AE 2EI AE AE
1 1 ⎛P⎞ ⎛P L⎞ PL2
IES-4. Ans. (a) Strain energy = x stress x strain x volume = × ⎜ ⎟ × ⎜ . ⎟ × ( AL ) =
2 2 ⎝ A⎠ ⎝ A E ⎠ 2 AE

IES-5. Which one of the following gives the correct expression for strain energy
stored in a beam of length L and of uniform cross-section having moment of
inertia ‘I’ and subjected to constant bending moment M? [IES-1997]
ML ML M 2L M 2L
(a ) (b) (c) (d)
EI 2 EI EI 2 EI
IES-5. Ans. (d)

2
IES-6. A steel specimen 150 mm in cross-section stretches by 0·05 mm over a 50 mm
gauge length under an axial load of 30 kN. What is the strain energy stored in
the specimen? (Take E = 200 GPa) [IES-2009]
(a) 0.75 N-m (b) 1.00 N-m (c) 1.50 N-m (d) 3.00 N-m
IES-6. Ans. (a) Strain Energy stored in the specimen
( 30000 ) × 50 × 10 −3
2
1 1 ⎛ PL ⎞ P2L
= Pδ = P ⎜ = = = 0.75 N-m
2 2 ⎝ AE ⎟⎠ 2AE 2 × 150 × 10−6 × 200 × 109

IES-7. What is the expression for the strain energy due to bending of a cantilever
beam (length L. modulus of elasticity E and moment of inertia I)? [IES-2009]
P 2 L3 P 2 L3 P 2 L3 P 2 L3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3EI 6 EI 4 EI 48EI
L
(Px)2 dx P2 ⎛ x 3 ⎞
L
P2L3
IES-7. Ans. (b) Strain Energy Stored = ∫ = ⎜ ⎟ =
0
2E 2EI ⎝ 3 ⎠ 0 6EI

IES-8. The property by which an amount of energy is absorbed by a material without

plastic deformation, is called: [IES-2000]
(a) Toughness (b) Impact strength (c) Ductility (d) Resilience
IES-8. Ans. (d)

IES-9. 30 C 8 steel has its yield strength of 400 N/mm2 and modulus of elasticity of 2 ×
105 MPa. Assuming the material to obey Hooke's law up to yielding, what is its
proof resilience? [IES-2006]
(a) 0·8 N/mm2 (b) 0.4 N/mm2 (c) 0·6 N/mm2 (d) 0·7 N/mm2
1 σ 2 1 ( 400 )
2

IES-9. Ans. (b) Proof resilience (Rp ) = . = × = 0.4N / mm2

2 E 2 2 × 105
Page 393 of 429
Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s
Toughness
IES-10. Toughness for mild steel under uni-axial tensile loading is given by the shaded
portion of the stress-strain diagram as shown in [IES-2003]

IES-10. Ans. (d) Toughness of material is the total area under stress-strain curve.

Previous 20-Years IAS Questions

Strain Energy or Resilience

IAS-1. Total strain energy stored in a simply supported beam of span, 'L' and flexural
rigidity 'EI 'subjected to a concentrated load 'W' at the centre is equal to:
[IAS-1995]
W 2 L3 W 2 L3 W 2 L3 W 2 L3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
40 EI 60 EI 96 EI 240 EI
L L/2 L/2 2
M2 dx M2 dx 1 ⎛ Wx ⎞ W 2L3
IAS-1. Ans. (c) Strain energy = ∫0 2EI = 2 × ∫0 2EI = EI × ∫0 ⎜ 2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
dx =
96EI
∂U ∂U
Alternative method: In a funny way you may use Castiglione’s theorem, δ = =
∂P ∂W
WL3
We know that δ = for simply supported beam in concentrated load at mid span.
48EI
∂U ∂U WL3 WL3
Then δ = = = or U = ∫ ∂U = ∫ ∂W partially integrating with
∂P ∂W 48EI 48EI
W 2L3
respect to W we get U =
96EI

IAS-2. If the cross-section of a member is subjected to a uniform shear stress of

intensity 'q' then the strain energy stored per unit volume is equal to (G =
modulus of rigidity). [IAS-1994]
(a) 2q2/G (b) 2G / q2 (c) q2 /2G (d) G/2 q2
IAS-2. Ans. (c)

IAS-3. The strain energy stored in the beam with flexural rigidity EI and loaded as
shown in the figure is: [GATE-2008]

Page 394 of 429

Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s

P 2L3 2P 2L3 4P 2L3 8P 2L3

(a) (b) (c) (d)
3EI 3EI 3EI 3EI
4L L 3L 4L
M 2dx M 2dx M 2dx M 2dx
IAS-3. Ans. (c) ∫ EI
=∫
EI
+∫
EI
+∫
EI
0 0 L 3L
L
M 2dx
3L
M 2dx ⎡ L 2 4L 2 ⎤
= 2∫ +∫ ⎢By symmetry M dx = M dx ⎥
EI EI ⎢ ∫ EI ∫ EI ⎥⎥
0 L ⎣⎢ 0 3L ⎦
L 3L
(Px )2 dx (PL )2 dx 4P 2L3
= 2∫ +∫ =
0
EI L
EI 3EI

IAS-4. Which one of the following statements is correct? [IAS-2004]

The work done in stretching an elastic string varies
(a) As the square of the extension (b) As the square root of the extension
(c) Linearly with the extension (d) As the cube root of the extension
⎡ 2⎤
σ2 1 2 1 ⎢ (δl ) ⎥
IAS-4. Ans. (a) = ∈ E = ⎢ 2 ⎥E
2E 2 2⎢ L ⎥
⎣ ⎦

Toughness
IAS-5. Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given
below the lists: [IAS-1996]
List-I (Mechanical properties) List-II (Meaning of properties)
A. Ductility 1. Resistance to indentation
B. Hardness 2. Ability to absorb energy during plastic
C. Malleability deformation
D. Toughness 3. Percentage of elongation
4. Ability to be rolled into flat product
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(a) 1 4 3 2 (b) 3 2 4 1
(c) 2 3 4 1 (d) 3 1 4 2
IAS-5. Ans. (d)

IAS-6. Match List-I (Material properties) with List-II (Technical

definition/requirement) and select the correct answer using the codes below
the lists: [IAS-1999]
List-I List-II
A. Hardness 1. Percentage of elongation
B. Toughness 2. Resistance to indentation
C. Malleability 3. Ability to absorb energy during plastic deformation
D. Ductility 4. Ability to be rolled into plates
Codes: A B C D A B C D
(a) 3 2 1 4 (b) 2 3 4 1
(c) 2 4 3 1 (d) 1 3 4 2
IAS-6. Ans. (b)

IAS-7. A truck weighing 150 kN and travelling at 2m/sec impacts which a buffer
spring which compresses 1.25cm per 10 kN. The maximum compression of the
spring is: Page 395 of 429 [IAS-1995]
Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s
(a) 20.00 cm
(b) 22.85 cm
(c) 27.66 cm
(d) 30.00 cm

IAS-7. Ans. (c) Kinetic energy of the truck = strain energy of the spring
⎛ 150 × 103 ⎞ 2
⎜ ⎟×2
1 1 2 mv 2 ⎝ 9.81 ⎠
mv = kx or x =
2
= = 0.2766m = 27.66 cm
2 2 k ⎡ 10 × 1000 ⎤
⎢ 0.0125 ⎥
⎣ ⎦

Page 396 of 429

Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s

Previous Conventional Questions with Answers

Conventional Question IES 2009
Q. A close coiled helical spring made of wire diameter d has mean coil radius R,
number of turns n and modulus of rigidity G. The spring is subjected to an
axial compression W.
(1) Write the expression for the stiffness of the spring.
(2) What is the magnitude of the maximum shear stress induced in the spring
wire neglecting the curvature effect? [2 Marks]
W Gd4
Ans. (1) Spring stiffness, K = =
X 8nD3
8WD
(2) Maximum shear stress, τ =
πd3

Conventional Question IES 2010

Q. A semicircular steel ring of mean radius 300 mm is suspended vertically with
the top end fixed as shown in the above figure and carries a vertical load of 200
N at the lowest point.
Calculate the vertical deflection of the lower end if the ring is of rectangular
cross- section 20 mm thick and 30 mm wide.
5 2
Value of Elastic modulus is 2 × 10 N/mm .
Influence of circumferential and shearing forces may be neglected.
[10 Marks]

Ans. Load applied, F = 200 N

Mean Radius, R = 300 mm
5 2
Elastic modules, E = 2 × 10 N/mm
I = Inertia of moment of cross – section
bd3
I= b = 20 mm
12
d = 30 mm
20 × ( 30 )
3

= = 45,000 mm4
12
⇒ Influence of circumferential and shearing force are neglected strain energy at the section.

Page 397 of 429

Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s
π 2
M Rd θ R
u= ∫ 2EI
for
4
≥ 10
0
M = F × R sin θ
∂M
⇒ = R sinθ
∂F
π
∂u F R2 sin2 θ FR2
δ= =∫ dθ ⇒ ×π
∂F 0 EI 2EI

π × 200 × ( 300 )
2
π FR2
δ= =
2EI 2 × 2 × 105 × 45000
δ = 3.14 × 10−3 mm.

Conventional Question GATE-1996

Question: A simply supported beam is subjected to a single force P at a distance b from
one of the supports. Obtain the expression for the deflection under the load
using Castigliano's theorem. How do you calculate deflection at the mid-point
of the beam?
Answer: Let load P acts at a distance b from the support B, and L be the total length of the
beam.
Pb
Re action at A, RA = , and
L
Pa
Re action at A, RB =
L

Strain energy stored by beam AB,

U = Strain energy stored by AC (U AC) + strain energy stored by BC (U BC)
2 2
a ⎛ Pb ⎞ dx b ⎛ Pa ⎞ dx P 2b2 a 3 P 2b2 a 3
= ∫
0 ⎜ L ⎟ 2EI ∫0 ⎜ L ⎟ 2EI
⎝
.x
⎠
+
⎝
.x
⎠
=
6EIL2
+
6EIL2
P 2b2 a 2 P ( L − b ) b
2 22
P 2b2 a 2
= ( a + b ) = = ⎡⎣∵ ( a + b ) = L )⎤⎦
6EIL2 6EIL 6EIL
∂U 2P ( L − b ) b P ( L − b ) b2
2 2 2

Deflection under the load P , δ = y = = =

∂P 6EIL 3EIL
Deflection at the mid-span of the beam can be found by Macaulay's method.
By Macaulay's method, deflection at any section is given by

Page 398 of 429

Chapter-14 Strain Energy Method S K Mondal’s
P (x − a)
3
3
Pbx Pb 2
EIy =
6L
−
6L
(
L − b2 x −) 6
Where y is deflection at any distance x from the support.
L
At x = , i, e. at mid-span,
2
3
⎛L ⎞
P ⎜ − a⎟
Pb × ( L / 2 )
3
Pb 2 L 2
EIy =
6L
−
6L
(
L − b2 × − ⎝
2
) 6
⎠

or, EIy =
PbL 2
−
Pb L(
2
− b 2

−
P)( L − 2 a )
3

48 12 48
P ⎡ 2
y=
48EI ⎣ ( )
bL − 4b L2 − b2 − ( L − 2a ) ⎤
3

Page 399 of 429