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    RPD Construction

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Shankar
    This document provides instructions for making a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) using a laboratory procedure with 10 steps: 1) transferring the design to a master cast, 2) beading the master cast, 3) wax block-out and relief, 4) duplicating the master cast, 5) wax-up, 6) spruing, 7) investing, 8) burn out, 9) casting, and 10) finishing and polishing. The goal is to create an accurate refractory cast from the master cast and then cast a metal framework that will be finished and incorporated into the final RPD.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    RPD Construction

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Shankar
    112 views7 pages
    This document provides instructions for making a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) using a laboratory procedure with 10 steps: 1) transferring the design to a master cast, 2) beading the master cast, 3) wax block-out and relief, 4) duplicating the master cast, 5) wax-up, 6) spruing, 7) investing, 8) burn out, 9) casting, and 10) finishing and polishing. The goal is to create an accurate refractory cast from the master cast and then cast a metal framework that will be finished and incorporated into the final RPD.

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    rpd construction

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    This document provides instructions for making a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) using a laboratory procedure with 10 steps: 1) transferring the design to a master cast, 2) beading the master cast, 3) wax block-out and relief, 4) duplicating the master cast, 5) wax-up, 6) spruing, 7) investing, 8) burn out, 9) casting, and 10) finishing and polishing. The goal is to create an accurate refractory cast from the master cast and then cast a metal framework that will be finished and incorporated into the final RPD.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    112 views7 pages

    RPD Construction

    Uploaded by

    Vivek Shankar
    This document provides instructions for making a conventional removable partial denture (RPD) using a laboratory procedure with 10 steps: 1) transferring the design to a master cast, 2) beading the master cast, 3) wax block-out and relief, 4) duplicating the master cast, 5) wax-up, 6) spruing, 7) investing, 8) burn out, 9) casting, and 10) finishing and polishing. The goal is to create an accurate refractory cast from the master cast and then cast a metal framework that will be finished and incorporated into the final RPD.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Laboratory Procedure for Making a Conventional RPD

    Framework construction
    1.Transfer the design to the master cast

    A. Transfer the orientation of the diagnostic cast to the master cast.


    Use spoon excavator or suitable bur
    depth not more than 0.5 mm.
    B. Draw the survey line.
    C. Indicate and measure the
    retentive undercut( 0.01 inch).
    D. Draw the design on
    the master cast.

    NOTE:
    Metallic outline drawn in brown
    Rest, tripod, undercut cross lines, terminal end of the clasp in red
    Finish lines in blue. Treated with a surface sealer. The sealer is a
    mixture of acetone, diethyl phthalate, and cellulose acetate.
    Impermeable seal that protects the drawn design. Multiple layer should not be applied

    Design should mimic diagnostic cast. Dry for 5 mins and block out.

    2.Beading of the master cast

    Beading is scribing the maxillary cast with a sharp instrument or bur in desired area to
    provide seal between the finished prosthesis and the soft tissues.

    3. Wax block-out and relief procedure

    It is the elimination of the undesirable


    undercut areas on the cast to be used in the fabrication of a RPD.

    A. Parallel block-out:
    It is the placement of a small amount of wax, under the survey line of the proximal
    surface of an abutment tooth. It should be extended to the gingival margin.
    Also used in the deep interproximal spaces that may be crossed by minor connector.
    It is contoured in a predetermined relation to the prescribed path of insertion.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    • All tooth-supported removable partial dentures should be blocked out parallel to the
    path of insertion.
    • Tooth-tissue-supported removable partial
    dentures may be blocked out in a similar manner,
    or they
    • May be given a tapered block-out to allow
    increased freedom of movement in function
    • Metallic block out instrument

    B. Shaped block-out:

    • It is prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces to facilitate accurate placement of wax


    patterns of clasp arm.
    • Buccal or lingual surface to faciliate accurate placement of plastic or wax pattern
    It must be trimmed flush with the survey line
    • If stone is trimmed off the final frame will not fit in the mouth

    C. Arbitrary block-out:

    It is used in the areas of the cast that


    is not engaged by the metal framework
    such as the labial surfaces of mandibular
    anterior teeth.

    D. Relief:
    • It is the procedure of placing wax sheet
    in certain areas of master cast to be
    duplicated in the refractory cast.
    • To provide space between certain parts
    of metal framework and the oral
    structures.
    • Relief is given in edentulous areas for
    adaptation of denture base and to form
    internal finish line (generally not needed except for unhealed ridges. The dentist should
    specify if relief is needed)
    • A properly formed internal finish line permits formation of a butt joint between the
    framework and the acrylic resin denture base. This allows a smooth transition from
    metal to resin and minimizes the likelihood of trauma to the adjacent soft tissues.

    One thickness of baseplate wax makes an ideal relief pad.

    RATIONALE TO NOT USE RELIEF:


    No relief eliminates one step and chances of error. No need for
    conventional internal finish line. Practically 1mm relief should be there for
    acrylic to flow

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    4. Duplication of the master cast (+ pouring the refractory cast):

    • By means of duplicating flask and reversible hydrocollid material (agar) or silicone to


    prepare a mold of master cast.
    • Cast is placed on the base of the duplicating
    flask. 1⁄4 inch clearance in all direction
    • Use modelling clay to fix the cast and close the
    body of the flask.
    • Secure the junction between the base and
    body of the flask
    • The cast should be immersed in slurry water
    before duplication gently remove the
    master cast from the duplicating flask
    after complete setting of
    agar agar.
    • Pour the investment material
    in the mould cavity, and allow it
    to set.
    • Remove the refractory cast from the
    mold cavity after setting by cutting
    the agar away. Allow the cast to
    dry in oven.
    • Immediately after removal from the
    oven, immerse the cast in molten
    beeswax. This makes the refractory
    cast surface smooth and dense.

    ADVANTAGES OF DUPLICATION:
    • Preserve the original cast

    • Eliminating the danger of fracture or


    abrading the surface of the original master
    cast

    • Forming the wax or plastic pattern

    • The metal framework is cast against the


    surface of refractory cast

    5. Wax-up:

    To contour wax and performed wax


    patterns to form a pattern for RPD framework.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    6. Spruing:

    Used to attach wax performed forms to the framework wax pattern to provide a
    channel or hole through which molten metal flow into the mold of the framework wax
    pattern. Sprues should attach to the bulky points of the mold pattern. The point of
    attachment should be flared out. Use few sprues of large diameter
    rather than several smaller sprues.
    An opening to remove wax and introduce molten metal in sprue. Also acts as a
    reservoir.

    NOTE:
    Keep all sprues as short
    and direct as possible.

    7. Investing:
    Select investments that is compatible alloys

    IDEAL INVESTMENT:
    • Expand to compensate metal shrinkage
    not decompose at high temperature
    • Strengthed at various temperature
    • Porous to allow the escape of gases
    • Consistent casting temperatures
    • Easy to manipulate
    • Smooth castings
    • Easy to break out
    • Inexpensive

    NOTE:
    Blockout philosophies and techniques are
    similar regardless of the chosen alloy.
    In contrast, duplication materials and techniques are alloy specific.
    Refractory cast expansion determines the ultimate fit of the framework.

    The process of covering or enveloping the RPD


    framework wax pattern with a suitable investing
    material before casting.

    Type of investing material used for cobalt chromium


    alloy is phosphate bonded investment.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    Gypsum-bonded It’s mixed with water

    Composed of a mixture of silica (SiO2) and calcium sulphate


    hemihydrates (gypsum product)

    Three types of gypsum bonded investments can be identified


    as follows:
    • Type 1 thermal expansion type; for casting inlays and
    crowns
    • Type 2 hygroscopic expansion type; for casting inlays and
    crowns.
    • Type 3 casting complete and partial dentures
    Phosphate-bonded Powder contains silica, magnesium oxide and ammonium
    Phosphate. Can be mixed with water or colloidal silica

    Two types of phosphate-bonded investment can be identified


    as follows:

    • Type 1 for inlays, crowns and other fixed restorations.

    • Type 2 for partial dentures and other casts.


    removable restorations
    Silica-bonded* Consist of powdered quartz or cristobalite which is bonded
    together with silica gel

    • On heating, the silica gel turns into silica so that the


    completed mould is a tightly packed mass of silica particles

    • The use of colloidal solution of silica instead of water for mixing with the powder has
    the dual effect of increasing the setting expansion and strengthening the set material.

    On heating the investment prior to casting, mould enlargement occurs by both thermal
    expansion and inversion of the silica. Thermal expansion is greater for the colloidal
    silica-mixed materials than for the water-mixed materials.

    • Mechanical mixing under vacuum removes air bubbles created during mixing and
    evacuates any potentially harmful gases produced by the chemical reaction of the high-
    heat investments.

    • After investing the pattern, it is allowed to set for an appropriate period- approximately
    1 hour for most gypsum and phosphate bonded investment.

    • Excessive vibration should be avaoided as heavy particles will get accumulated at the
    bottom and free water accumulation adjacent on wax pattern may occur. Allowed to set
    for 1 hr.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    8. Burn out:

    • It drives off moister in the mold and vaporizes (thus, eliminates) the wax
    pattern. It also expands the mold to compensate for contraction of metal on cooling.

    • For gypsum bonded investments, temperature can be either 468 degrees Celsius for
    the hygroscopic technique or 6500C for the thermal expansion technique.

    • With phosphate bonded investments, the maximum temperature setting may range
    from 7000C to 8700C, depending upon the alloy selected.

    • During burnout, some of the melted wax is absorbed by the investment and residual
    carbon produced by the ignition of the liquid wax become trapped in the pores
    investment

    • If burnout is not done immediately place the invested ring in 100 % humidity (humidor).
    It is also advisable to begin the burn out procedure while the mold is still wet.

    • This process is facilitated by placing the ring with the sprue hole down over a slot in a
    ceramic tray in the burnout furnace.

    • Water trapped in the pores of the investment reduces the absorption of wax and as the
    water vaporizes, it flushes wax from the mold.

    NOTE:
    Co-cr alloy is a commonly used investment material for casting of partial dentures.this
    metal doesnot have adequate ductility for adjustment purposes but are light in weight,
    strong and corrosion resistant. superheating the alloy before casting can increase the
    ductility of the alloy. Superheating the alloy can cause the metal to react with the mold
    and a close adhering green scale is formed. This green scale is very hard to be
    removed and requires a lot of machining.

    9. Casting:

    Injection the molten metal quickly into the mold using force by two
    ways:
    • Centrifugal force( commonly used).
    • Air pressure.

    10. Finishing and polishing:

    • It is the procedure of smoothening the metal framework with progressively finer


    abrasive agents to remove scratches and
    rough areas and to give a high luster.
    • High speed lathe, curbid bur, carborundum disc, rubber wheels,
    cones, polishing whee, rag wheel and high gloss compound.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

    Clinical steps in RPD construction

    1. Diagnosis and treatment planning


    2. Primary impression (alginate)
    3. Jaw relation
    4. Surveying and design
    4. Tooth preparation (after design)
    5. Final impression (ZnOE or elastomers)
    6. Framework try-in
    7. Wax try-in
    8. Delivery

    Complete steps for RPD construction (Clinical + Lab)

    1. Diagnosis and treatment planning


    2. Primary impression using alginate
    3. Preliminary cast (LAB)
    4. Jaw relation
    5. Surveying and design
    6. Tooth preparation
    7. One stage selected pressure, McLean’s, Hindle’s tecniques for final
    impression*
    8. Framework construction (LAB)
    Transfer the design to the master cast
    Beading of the master cast
    Wax block-out and relief procedure
    Duplication of the master cast (+ pouring the refractory cast)
    Wax-up of refractory cast
    Spruing
    Investing
    Burn out
    Casting
    Finishing and polishing
    9. Framework try-in in master cast (LAB)
    11. Framework try-in on patient
    12. Altered cast technique for secondary impression~
    13. Wax try-in
    14. Delivery
    *The techniques in #7 are done BEFORE framework construction
    ~This technique is done AFTER framework construction
    NB: You don’t do BOTH techniques. If you are using Mclean/Hindle’s you need to take the impression
    before framework construction. If you are using altered cast technique it should be done AFTER
    framework construction.

    BY :
    Shahd Elghazali

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