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    Surds: Examples - Simplify The Following

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    Deadly Chiller
    Surds are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, such as square roots of non-perfect squares. They have an infinite, non-repeating decimal expansion and are therefore irrational numbers. Surds can be manipulated using properties of radicals like √ab = √a√b and adding or multiplying surds. Rationalizing the denominator involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by the denominator's radical term to clear fractions of surds.

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    Surds: Examples - Simplify The Following

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    Deadly Chiller
    292 views5 pages
    Surds are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, such as square roots of non-perfect squares. They have an infinite, non-repeating decimal expansion and are therefore irrational numbers. Surds can be manipulated using properties of radicals like √ab = √a√b and adding or multiplying surds. Rationalizing the denominator involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by the denominator's radical term to clear fractions of surds.

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    MATh

    Original Title

    3. Surds

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    Surds are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, such as square roots of non-perfect squares. They have an infinite, non-repeating decimal expansion and are therefore irrational numbers. Surds can be manipulated using properties of radicals like √ab = √a√b and adding or multiplying surds. Rationalizing the denominator involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by the denominator's radical term to clear fractions of surds.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    292 views5 pages

    Surds: Examples - Simplify The Following

    Uploaded by

    Deadly Chiller
    Surds are numbers that cannot be expressed as a fraction, such as square roots of non-perfect squares. They have an infinite, non-repeating decimal expansion and are therefore irrational numbers. Surds can be manipulated using properties of radicals like √ab = √a√b and adding or multiplying surds. Rationalizing the denominator involves multiplying the numerator and denominator by the denominator's radical term to clear fractions of surds.

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    Surds

    Surds are numbers that are left in root form ( √) to express its exact value. That is,
    it cannot be reduced to a rational number.
    If a positive whole number is not a perfect square, then its square root is called a
    surd.
    Surds have an infinite number of non-recurring decimals.
    Surds are irrational numbers.

    1 1 1
    √𝑎 × 𝑏 = √𝑎 × √𝑏, this is equivalent to (𝑎 × 𝑏)2 = 𝑎2 𝑏2
    1 1
    𝑎 √𝑎 𝑎 2 𝑎2
    √𝑏 = , this is equivalent to ( ) = 1
    √𝑏 𝑏
    𝑏2
    Please note √𝑎 + √𝑏 ≠ √𝑎 + 𝑏

    Examples - Simplify the following:

     √18 = √9 × 2 = √9 × √2 = 3√2

    12 √4×3 √4×√3 2√3


     √121 = = =
    √121 11 11

     √400 × √90 = √4 × 100 × √9 × 10 = √4 × √100 × √9 × √10 = 2 ×


    10 × 3 × √10 = 60√10

     √75 + √48 = √25 × 3 + √16 × 3 = √25 × √3 + √16 × √3 = 5√3 +


    4 √3 = 9 √3

    Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


    Rationalising the Denominator
    This method allows for the manipulation of surds, when they are found in the
    denominator.
    This involves multiplying both the numerator and denominator by the
    denominator.

    𝑎 𝑎 √𝑏 𝑎√𝑏 𝑎√𝑏
    = × = 2 =
    √𝑏 √𝑏 √𝑏 (√𝑏) 𝑏

    Example: We can use the expansion of the difference of two squares to rationalize
    more complicated expressions involving surds.
    Difference of Two Squares: 𝑋 2 − 𝑌 2 = (𝑋 − 𝑌)(𝑋 + 𝑌)

    𝑎 𝑎 √𝑐 − √𝑑 𝑎(√𝑐 − √𝑑) 𝑎(√𝑐 − √𝑑)


    = × = 2 2 =
    √𝑐 + √𝑑 √𝑐 + √𝑑 √𝑐 − √𝑑 (√𝑐) − (√𝑑) 𝑐−𝑑

    𝑎 𝑎 √𝑐 + √𝑑 𝑎(√𝑐 + √𝑑) 𝑎(√𝑐 + √𝑑)


    = × = 2 2 =
    √𝑐 − √𝑑 √𝑐 − √𝑑 √𝑐 + √𝑑 (√𝑐) − (√𝑑) 𝑐−𝑑

    Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


    Examples – Rationalise the following:
    5

    √7
    5 √7
    = ×
    √7 √7
    5√7
    = 2
    (√7)
    5√7
    =
    7

    3

    2+√2
    3 2 − √2
    = ×
    2 + √2 2 − √2
    3(2 − √2)
    = 2
    (2)2 − (√2)
    (3 × 2) − (3 × √2)
    = 2
    (2)2 − (√2)
    6 − 3√2
    =
    4−2
    6 − 3√2
    =
    2

    3

    2−√2
    3 2 + √2
    = ×
    2 − √2 2 + √2
    3(2 + √2)
    = 2
    (2)2 − (√2)

    Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


    (3 × 2) + (3 × √2)
    = 2
    (2)2 − (√2)
    6 + 3√2
    =
    4−2
    6 + 3√2
    =
    2

    1

    1+√2
    1 1 − √2
    = ×
    1 + √2 1 − √2
    1 − √2
    = 2
    (1)2 − (√2)
    1 − √2
    =
    −1
    = −1 + √2
    = √2 − 1.

    1

    √7+√2

    1 √7 − √2
    = ×
    √7 + √2 √7 − √2
    √7 − √2
    = 2 2
    (√7) − (√2)
    √7 − √2
    =
    7−2
    √7 − √2
    =
    5

    Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020


    2

    √5−√7
    2 √5 + √7
    = ×
    √5 − √7 √5 + √7
    2(√5 + √7)
    = 2 2
    (√5) − (√7)
    2(5 + √7)
    =
    5−7
    2(5 + √7)
    =
    −2
    = −(√5 + √7)
    = −√5 − √7

    2
     (3 − 2√5)
    = (3 − 2√5)(3 − 2√5)
    2
    = 32 − 3 × 2√5 − 3 × 2√5 + (2√5)
    2
    = 9 − 6(2√5) + 22 (√5)
    = 9 − 12√5 + (4 × 5)
    = 9 − 12√5 + 20
    = 29 − 12√5

    Group 2 MATH 1115 Sem 1 2019/2020

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