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    Pila Detailed Account PDF

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    Bakshi
    The document summarizes key details about the apple snail Pila globosa. It is a large freshwater mollusk commonly found in aquatic vegetation in ponds, pools, lakes and marshes. It has an coiled shell and a soft body divided into a head, foot, and visceral mass. It is able to live both on land and in water using dual respiration systems.

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    Pila Detailed Account PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bakshi
    2K views6 pages
    The document summarizes key details about the apple snail Pila globosa. It is a large freshwater mollusk commonly found in aquatic vegetation in ponds, pools, lakes and marshes. It has an coiled shell and a soft body divided into a head, foot, and visceral mass. It is able to live both on land and in water using dual respiration systems.

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    PILA DETAILED ACCOUNT.pdf

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    The document summarizes key details about the apple snail Pila globosa. It is a large freshwater mollusk commonly found in aquatic vegetation in ponds, pools, lakes and marshes. It has an coiled shell and a soft body divided into a head, foot, and visceral mass. It is able to live both on land and in water using dual respiration systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2K views6 pages

    Pila Detailed Account PDF

    Uploaded by

    Bakshi
    The document summarizes key details about the apple snail Pila globosa. It is a large freshwater mollusk commonly found in aquatic vegetation in ponds, pools, lakes and marshes. It has an coiled shell and a soft body divided into a head, foot, and visceral mass. It is able to live both on land and in water using dual respiration systems.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112


    PILA GLOBOSA
    CLASSIFICATION:
    Phylum :Mollusca
    Class : Gastropoda
    Order: Prosobranchiata
    Genus: Pila
    a) Habitat of Pila Globosa:
    • Pila globosa or the apple snail is one of the largest freshwater
    molluscs.
    • It is commonly found in freshwater ponds, pools, tanks, lakes,
    marshes, rice fields and sometimes even in streams and rivers.
    They occur in those areas where there is a large amount of aquatic
    vegetation like Vallisneria, Pistia, for food
    b)Habits:
    1. They are amphibious and can live in water and on land.
    2. Show dual respiration: With ctenidium( gill) & Pulmonary sac (
    lung)
    3. creeps very slowly by its ventral muscular foot, covering about
    five cm per minute.
    4. Show period of inactivity in summer called aestivation or
    summer sleep.
    5. Unisexual with seperate sexes
    6. Open circulation of blood
    c) External Features of Pila Globosa:
    • covered by shell
    • 3 parts of body: Head, Foot, Visceral mass
    • Has mantle or pallium that covers the body
    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112

    d) Shell of Pila: ( see diagram given below)


    • The shell is univalved( made up of single piece)
    • colour from yellowish to brown or even blackish.
    • It is coiled around a central axis called columella in a right-
    handed spiral( Dextral). The columella is hollow and its opening
    to the exterior is known as an umbilicus( UMBILICATE OR
    PERFORATE SHELL)
    • The shell contains whorls of 3 types
    1) Apex 2) Penultimate whorl 3) body whorl
    • Apex( top of shell ) is formed first and contains the smallest
    and the oldest whorl.
    • Below the apex there is penultimate whorl
    • largest whorl is body whorl which encloses most of the body.
    All the whorls together called spire.
    • The lines between the whorls are called sutures.
    • Internally all the whorls of the shell are freely communicated
    with one another; such a shell is called unilocular( Single
    Chambered)
    • The body whorl has a large mouth or opening
    • The margin of the mouth is called a peristome from which the
    head and the foot of the living animal can protrude.
    • The outer margin of the mouth is called an outer lip, and the
    inner margin as inner or columellar lip.
    • The lines of growth of shell are visible, some of them appear as
    ridges known as varices.( Singular: Varix)
    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112

    Operculum of Pila Globosa:


    • It is Covering/lid of shell mouth or peristome. It is calcareous.
    • its outer surface shows a number of rings of growth around a nucleus
    • The inner surface has an elliptical area called boss for attachment of
    muscles.The boss is cream- coloured and is surrounded by a groove. The
    operculum is, in fact, secreted by the glandular cells of the foot
    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112


    Microscopic Structure of Shell( Histology){ diagram given below)
    • The shell consists of 3 layers:
    a) Periostracum: an outermost pigmented layer made of a horny organic
    protein called conchiolin,
    b) Prismatic layer or Ostracum :Present below periostracum . It is
    the thickest layer and is composed of alternating layers of Calcium
    carbonate and conchiolin running at right angles to the margin of mouth
    of the shell.
    c) Hypostracum: The Hypostrachum consists of similar alternating
    layers, but these layers run parallel to the margin of mouth
    c) Nacreous layer: innermost layer of shell
    Below shell mantle is present that secretes shell.
    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112


    e) BODY FORM OF PILA:
    • Soft body &differentiated ito three distinct regions:
    a)anterior head b) ventral foot c) dorsal visceral mass.
    • The head and foot only protrudes out of shell while creeping, while the
    visceral mass remains intact inside the shell
    A) Head:
    1. The head is a distinct and produced into a snout.
    2. The head bears two pairs of tentacles.
    3. The first pair of tentacles or labial palps are small and lie in front
    4. second pair of tentacles are long.
    5. The tentacles are hollow and capable of much extension and contraction.
    6. Behind the tentacles the head has a pair of eyes.
    7. Eyes are attached to stalks called ommatophores.
    B) Foot:
    1. Foot is large& muscular,
    2. Foot is triangular with the apex pointing backwards
    3. upper surface of foot is spotted .
    4. its lower surface is gray and flat called sole.
    5. In the foot is a pedal mucous gland which forms a slime trail during
    locomotion.
    C) Visceral mass:
    1. Above the head-foot complex is a visceral mass containing the main
    organs of the body.
    2. it fills all the whorls of the shell and it is spirally-coiled like the shell.
    3. The visceral mass exhibits the phenomenon of torsion.
    4. It is soft and grey to dark brown in colour.
    SUJATA SHARMA, Assistant Professor of Zoology

    Government College,Chhachhrauli( Yamuna Nagar)

    Email: sssujatasharma@gmail.com Mobile: 9355111112


    f) Mantle of Pila:
    i. The mantle, also called as pallium, covers the visceral mass
    and it forms a hood over the animal when it is withdrawn.
    ii. The edge of the mantle is thick and contains shell glands
    which secrete the shell.
    iii. The mantle also has two fleshy lobes called nuchal lobes or
    pseudepipodia which are joined on either side of the head(
    See in figure 60.4)
    iv. The left pseudepipodium forms a long tubular respiratory
    siphon for aerial respiration and a respiratory current enters
    through it.
    v. The right pseudepipodium is less developed and not a
    regular tube.
    vi. There is a large space between the mantle and the body in
    the anterior part. This is a mantle or pallial cavity.

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