a difference

Perfect
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HARRISON
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vocabulary
for
fluency

MARK HARRISON
LONGMAN
Pearwn Education 1,lmited
Edinburgh Gate, tiarlou,
Essex CM20 2 J f , England

0Author Mark Harrison 1990

Th15edition published by Addison Wesley 1,ongrnan Limited 1996

t:ighth impression 1999

ISBN 0- 17-555873-6

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any format
(including photocopying or storing it in any medium by electronic means) without
the prior written permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted
copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road,
London W I P 9HE.

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Warning: the doing of an unauthorised act in relation to a copyright work may result
in both civil claims for damages and criminal prosecution.

Pr~nted111 Malaysia. 1,SP

Contents
Introduction 5

Section A - Behac'iour
Unit 1 Act ive/Sociable/Passive/Reserved 8
[;nit 2 CarefuIlConscient ious/Careless~lmpulsive 12
Unit 3 HoncstlT'ruthful I8
Unit 4 D~shonest/Dcceitful 77
& A

Unit 5 Kind/GratefuIn'nkind/Sel fish 37

Unit 6 Polite/Pleasant~udc/Offensive 31
Unit 7 ShyIContidentlArropant Z. 6
Unit 8 Stu bbornDetermined 4(
Unit 9 Tolerant/lntolerant 43

Section B - Feelings and States of Mind

Unit 10 AngryIBad-tempered
Unit 11 Certain/Oprimistic/[)oubtfuI/Pessimistic
Cnit 12 Confused/Rewildered

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Unit 13 Vague/lncomprehensible/Clear
Unit 14 EmbarrassedIAshamcd
Unit 15 Frightenednerritied
Unit 16 Happywilling
Unit 17 Unhappy/Reluctant
Unit 18 InterestedlEnthusiastic/Bored
Unit 19 Jealous/Resentful
Unit 20 Sorry
Cnit 21 SurprisedIShocked
Unit 22 WantLikeflIislike
Unit 23 WorriedINervous
Unit 24 Relaxedmelieved

Section C - Characteristics
Unit 25 AttractiveIGood-looking
Cnit 26 Dependentflndependenr
Unit 27 DifferentISimilar
Unit 28 Friend
Unit 29 Funny
Unit 30 lmportantnrivial
Contents

Unit 31 Luck/Chance/Coincidence
Unit 32 New/Old
Unit 33 Rich/Poor
Unit 34 Suitable/Convenient
Unit 35 Usual~Unusual/Strange

Section D - Thought, Knowledge and Ability

Unit 36 Ability
Unit 37 Ant icipate/Predict
Unit 38 Concentrate/lnterrupt
Unit 39 ConsiderIChange your Mind
Unit 40 Intelligem/Sensible
Unit 41 StupidPNaive
Unit 42 Remember/RemindForget
Unit 43 Understandmeal ise

Section E - Communicating

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Unit 4 4 AgreeICo-operatepisagreelArgue
Unit 4 5 Show/Prove
Unit 46 Suggest

Section F - Doing and Causing

Unit 47 Encourage/Discourage/Persuade/Force
Unit 48 lnfluenceflgnore
Unit 49 Involve/lnterfere
Unit SO SucceedFail

Appendix Irregular verbs

Answer Key

Index
Introduction
Word Perfect is intended for intermediate and guide to where a particular 'sub-ject' or notion
advanced level students of English who wish to can be found than as a strict categorisation.
acquire a level of vocabulary through which
The book also contains an index for easy
they can express themselves naturally in
reference, and an appendix of irregular verbs.
contemporary English. The book aims to
increase students' ability to express thoughts
and feelings, by providing a range of
Ensuring accuracy
alternative words and expressions suitable for Each entry in Word Peifect includes the
use in particular contexts. Such a range of information which students need to be able to
expression is clearly essential to achieving use the new items of vocabulary accurately.
fluency in any language. This information includes:
Prepositions
Organisation
Knowing which preposition to use with a
Word Perfect consists of 50 units which bring particular adjective, noun or verb is frequently
together words and expressions of similar a nightmare for non-native speakers of English.
meaning, of opposite meaning, or which are Word Perfect aims to solve this problem by
related in some other way. For example, the indicating those prepositions which are most
unit entitled 'lmportant1Triviul' includes commonly used with a particular entry, and
adjectives of similar meaning to 'important' which students are therefore most likely to hear
such as 'essential' and 'crucial', adjectives of and need to use.
opposite meaning, such as 'trivial' and 'minor',
as well as related nouns, verbs and expressions Verb patterns

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such as ' a p r i o r i ~ ' ,'to stress', 'to play down',
and ' s o what?' Each entry is followed by a
definition and by examples which show the use
Another common problem is knowing what
type of grammatical construction follows a
particular verb. Word Perfect tells the student
of the word or phrase in context. Where a word whether a verb is followed by a direct object,
has several different meanings, only those by a gerund or infinitive, by a '[ha,' clause, or
meanings related to the 'theme' of the unit are by a combination of two or more of these
included. By grouping words together in this features. For example:
way, Word Perfect clarifies many areas of t o ignore (s.o./sth) - direct object
common confusion. and enables students to to feel like (sthldoiiig sth) - direct object or
differentiate between words and phrases of gerund
related meaning, and to discriminate in terms to manage (to do sth) - infinitive
of the appropriate context for use. t o ensureJthat ...) - 'that' clause
The 'reference' section of each unit is followed Countable or uncountable?
by a variety of practice exercises, the majority Whether a noun is countable or uncountable is
of them in the style of the Cambridge First indicated by the use or omission of the
Certificate and Proficiency examinations. These indefinite article ('a' or 'an') in the entry. For
include multiple-choice, sentence- example:
transformation, gap-fill and word-building a rip-off - countable
exercises. Students can check their answers by an apology - countable
referring to the answer key at the back of the guilt - uncountable
book.
In some cases, a noun may have both countable
The units are grouped together into six and uncountable functions, and this is shown by
sections: Behaviour; Feelings and States of its inclusion in both forms. For example:
Mind; Characteristics; T h o u ~ h tKnowledge
, and
luxury - uncountable
Ability; Communicating; and Doing and
a luxury - countable
Causina. These sections are meant more as a
Introduction

Both forms are not always included. if one section of the unil carefully. paying particular
form is used less frequently than the other. attention to any grammatical features associated
with an entry. Reading the examples and seeing
Collocations
the new item of vocabulary in context ill help
Words often tend to 'collocate' or be used in you further to understand when and how i t is
combination with certain other words. In order used. Ideally. the practice exercises should not
to sound natural and achieve fluency in English. be done immediately afterwards. since the aim
the non-native speaker must be familiar with is to be able to produce the vocabulary at any
collocations. Word Peifect therefore includes time, and the exercises should not simply be a
many examples of collocations. For example short-span memory test. When you have done
'luc,k' is followed by ' a stroke of 1uc.k'. ' a the exercises, check your answers with the
c.ompluint' by ' t o muke u c,ompluint'. and other answer key, referring back to the reference
collocations are included in their own right. for section if you have made any mis~akes.
example ' t o hear u grudge'. ' o n u\,ei.age'. and
'h?. chance'. If you said 'by average' or You do not of course have to do rhe exercises.
'through chance' ycu would probably be and Word Petfec.t is very useful as a reference
understood, but you would not sound natural. book. The inclusion of an index means that you
can look up a word that you don't know. or
How to use the book clarify for yourself a particular problem such as
the difference between 't.en7et?1her'and 't.ernitid'.
The clarity of the definitions and examplea. and
the inclusion of an answer key to the exercises, Word Peife~,rcan also be used for exam
make Word Perfect ideal for self-study. You can preparation, to build vocabulary of the kind
work through each unit in sequence, or you can required for the Cambridge First Certificate and

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use the contents page or index to choose a unit
which interests you. Study the 'reference'
Proficiency examinations.
 Section A
Behaviour

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Units 1-9 f-
/
Unit 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved
Part I
I active She's very active and plays a lot of sport.lDespite his age,
doing a lot of things; always busy he's still quite active.

2 energetic She leads a very energetic life - she gets up early and
full of energy works very hard until late.

3 lively She was very lively tonight - she talked a lot and danced
full of life and energy a lot.

4 dynamic She's a very dynamic woman and has become successful

full of energy and ideas; having a very quickly.
powerful personality

5 sociable They're very sociable and like going to parries and

friendly; enjoying the company of spending time with other- people.
other people

6 outgoing He's a very outgoing sort of person and has got lots of
very friendly; always interested in friends.
meeting new people and doing
new things

7 talkative It's very difSIcult to have a conve/lration with him because

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liking or willing to talk a lot

8 decisive
he's not very talkative.

You should he more decisi~le- you take too long to make

able to make decisions quickly up your mind.
and with certainty

9 an extrovert He's an extrovert - hen he's with other people he's often
a lively, sociable person who the centre of attention.
finds it easy to talk to people and
likes to attract attention

10 to be good company She's good company - she'b alwlays ~ o at good story to

to be an interesting and amusing tell.
person to be with

Part 2
1 passive Ifis reac.tion was passive - although he didn't like the
not active; accepting what situation, he didn't argue.
happens to you without trying to
change or influence it

2 lazy He doesn't like his ;oh hut he's too lazy to look j ) r
disliking activity; without the another one.
energy or interest to do anything
 Unit 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved

3 apathetic She tried to organise a strike but the others were too
completely unenthusiastic or apathetic to join her.
uninterested; having no desire to
change a bad situation

4 quiet Although she's quiet, it doesn't mean (hat she doesn't haw
not saying very much strong opinions.

5 reserved She's reserved and even if she's angry she doesil'r say so.
not saying what you think or feel

6 subdued He normally has a lot to say but he was rather subdued

less talkative than usual last night - I wonder if there's something wrong.

7 an introvert I f she wasn't such an introvert she would make jiiends

someone who is more interested more easily.
in their own thoughts and feelings
than in the world around them

Part 3
1 to act The situation is getting worse - you must act now, before
to do something positive about a it's too late.
problem to try to solve it

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2 initiative
the ability to act and make
She shows great initiative and is a good candidate for
promotion.
decisions ;.iithout help from other
people

3 to use your initiative Why should I always have to tell you what to do? Use
to act without help from others, your initiative for once.
using your own judgement

4 to do something (about sth) I can't just ignore the problem - 1'11 have to do something
to take action in an attempt to about it.1The Governmgnt have promised to do something
solve a problem about the state of the roads.

5 to make up your mind Make up your mind what you want to do - I can't wait
to decide forever for an answer.

6 to have go I f you had a bit more go, you wouldn't be so bored

to have energy

7 to be on the go I must sit down. I've been on the go all day.

to be very busy and active
U n i t 1 Active/Sociable/Passive/Reserved

8 to liven up I feel a hit tired at the moment hut I'm sure 1'11 liven LIP
(of a person) to become more later in the e\!ening.lThe par& lilsened up after about I I
lively after being tired or without o'clock M-henmore people arrived.
energy; (of an event) to become
more interesting and exciting

9 to hang aboutlaround T h e ~ ' \ ~got

e nothing to do so they hang about on street
to stay in a place doing nothing, c,orners all the time.lWe had to hang around at the ail-pot-t
simply passing the time because the plane was delayed.

10 to stand around Eveyhody else stood around u,hile I did all the ~,ot-k
to stand and do nothing

U n i t 1 Exercises
1.I Choose the word or phrase ( A . B. C or 1)) which best c-ompletes each sentence.
1 He's so ............... that he always expects other people to do the work.
A reserved B lazy C apathetic D passive
2 She's not very ................ She's never quite sure what she wants to do.
A energetic B lively C active D decisive
3 Even though they don't agree with what's happening. they're too ............... to protest.
A outgoing B subdued C quiet D apathetic

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4 He wasn't very ............... tonight. In fact he hardly said anything.
A active B decisive C talkative D energetic
5 I'm sure he enjoyed the evening. He didn't say much because he's .............. by nature.
A passive B subdued C inactive D quiet
6 He's always been very ............... so he hates not being able to do anything now that he's ill.
A decisive B active C outgoing D loud
7 1 don't feel ............... enough to go for a walk now.
A energetic B extrovert C outgoing D sociable
8 He's a ............... sort of person. He doesn't really care what happens to him.
A quiet B passive C reserved D subdued
9 The school has just appointed a(n) ............... new headmaster. whose job it will be to improve
falling standards of education.
A sociable B active C dynamic D lively
10 It's always difficult to know what she's thinking because she's so ...............
A apathetic B inactive C subdued D reserved
1 I The job involves working closely with the public, so we're looking for someone with a(n)
............... personality.
A talkative B outgoing C dynamic D active
12 1 had to ............... before the situation got worse.
A act B do something a4out C have go D be on the go
 U n i t 1 Exercises

13 She hasn't got enough ............... to really try to get what she wants.
A action B activity C go D decision
14 They're very ............... and regularly invite people to their house.
A good company B lively C active D sociable
15 He seemed rather ................ Was he upset about something?
A unsocial B apathetic C passive D subdued
16 She's very ............... She can't sit down for long.
A lively B decisive C impassive D good company
17 Things are never boring when he's there. You could say he's ...............
A energetic B active C sociable D an extrovert
18 She's ................ She tends to think a lot and not to say a lot.
A an introvert B inverted C inturned D subdued
19 The successful candidate must have ..............., as he or she will have to work without
supervision.
A action B a go C initiative D decision

1.2 Fill each o f the blanks ~ , i t hone suitable word.

1 Don't keep asking other people what to do. ............... your initiative!
2 We just hung .............. in the park because we had nothing else to do.

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3 They're really ............... company. I always enjoy spending an evening with them
4 Do you want ir or not? Come on, ............... up your mind.
5 Make sure you're not late. I don't want to have to stand ............... waiting for you.
6 The party was rather boring at the start. but everyone livened ............. later.
7 'The problem won't just go away. You'll have to do something ............. it.
8 She's always ............. the go. I don't know where she gets her energy from.
Part 1
1 careful
taking care (in order to avoid loss,
damage, danger, mistakes etc.)
a (with sth) Be careful with that vase, ~ i i l you?
l It's ~'ot.tha lot of
money./He's very careful with his monej, it1 fuct some
people say he's mean.
b (of s.o./sth, especially Be careful of the t l - a ~ when
c you c,ross the t-oad.liVy
something that may harm you) mother always fold me to he cat-efiil qf sstt.an,qe)-.r.
c ( t o d o sthlthat ...) I was careful to choose the right words, so rhut thej
wouldn't misunderstand me.lBe carefi~lthat you doti'r fall.1
Be careful howl you cross the I-oad.

2 cautious He's cautious about accepting the oflet. hefore he know's

very careful; not wanting to act all the details.
quickly, in order to avoid possible
danger or bad results

3 wary (of s.o.lsth; of doing sth) After- her divorce she was blary of getting in~nl\ed~ l i t h
very cautious because you are not anyone again./He's very wary of people in aurhot.i~.
sure about something

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4 conscientious.
careful to do your work well
She's so conscientious that she often ~ 1 o 1 . late
getting paid.
k~ ~.ithouf

5 thorough She's very thorough whenever she wr-ites a report.lThe

careful in your work;.paying doctor- gave him a thorough examination.
attention to every detail

6 efficient They're an efficient c-ompanj ~ i t ah 1,er.y good t.eprrtation.

working well and quickly

7 competent He's a competent reacher. and his srudents are rnukirlg

able to do a job well good progress.

8 particular (about sth) She's par-ticular about h e r j j o d arid there are some things
not easily satisfied; choosing very she'll never eat.
carefully

9 fussy (about sth) He's fussy about the clothes he buys and a l w a ~ srakes
very particular ages !o choose them.
Note: I'm not fussy = I don't 'Where would you like to sit.7' - ' I ' m not fussy.'
mind

10 conservative She's very conservative in her c-hoice of clothes.

not wanting to do or try anything
new or unusual
 Unit 2 Careful/Conscientious/Careless/Irnpulsive

1 1 to take care (of s.o./sth) If you take care of your twot-ds, they will last you for
to keep someone or something years.lWho's going to take care of the children while
safe and well or in good condition you're on holiday?

12 to look after (s.o./sth) You should look after your health.lLook after- yourself!
to take care o f

13 to mind (sthlthat ...) Mind the step!lMind what you're doing with that knlfe!l
(often used in the imperative) to Mind (that) you don't fall!
be careful o f something

14 to watch out (for sth) Watch out or you'll get hut-t./While you're in Lotzdon,
to be very careful (to avoid watch out for pickpockets.
something which might be
dangerous)

15 to look out (for sth) Look out for the hospital - that's where we have ro turn
to be careful to notice right.

16 to keep your eyes open Cfor s.o.1 I'm keeping my eyes open for another job, as I don't like
sth) the one I've got.
to keep looking or watching (in
order to notice someone or

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something)

17 to check (sthlthat ...) I'll check the train timetable before I go, in case it's
to look again in order to see i f changed.lCheck (that) you haven't forgorten anything.
something is correct

18 to make sure (of sthlthat ...) Make sure (that) you haven't forgotten anyrhing.lMake
to check in order to be certain sure of your facts before you accuse him.

19 to ensure (that ...) I repeated it to ensure that they'd heard me.

(formal) to make sure

20 to take a lot of trouble (over sth) 7'his is a very exotic meal - you must have taken a lot of
to spend a lot o f time and effort trouble over it.
doing something

21 to protect (s.o./sth fromlagainst She wore a coat to protect herselffrom the cold./The
s.o./sth) children were vaccinated to protect them against disease.
to keep someone or something
safe from harm or danger

Part 2
1 careless (withlabout sth) He's a very careless driver.lShe's careless ulith money and
not careful: not paying attention to frequently gets into debt.ltie's very careless about his
what you do appearance.
Unit 2 Careful/Conscientious/Careless/Impulsive

2 S~OPPY The painters were very sloppy and the room looks ter-I-ible.
doing work in a careless and
inadequate way

3 inefficient She's so ineficient that e\,erj~bod)jelse has to do her job

not efficient for- her.

4 incompetent t f e ' s really incompetent and does even the simplest jobs
not competent badly.

5 impulsive I know it was impulsive of me, hut I saw it and liked it so

acting suddenly without thinking much that I went straight into the shop and bought it.!
She's impulsive and buys things she can't afford.

6 rash It's rash to agree to do something jou can'r possibly do.11t

impulsive; doing foolish or was rather rash of them to buy the house ~'ithoutseeing it
dangerous things first.

7 hasty Don't be too hastv! Think careful!). about ah hat rni'qht

acting or deciding too quickly happen.

8 spontaneous The party was completely spontaneous - we only decided

(of an event) not planned that evening to have one.

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9 on the s p u r of the moment
suddenly; without being planned
On the spur of the moment I phoned a friend and
arranged to go out.

10 t o jump to conclusions Don't jump lo c~onclusions!Just because he looks stupid, it

to make a judgement quickly and doesn't mean that he is.
without knowing all the facts

1 1 a snap decision I didn't have time to think about it. I had to make n snap
a sudden decision, made without decision.
thinking carefully

U n i t 2 Exercises
2.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B. C or D ) which hesr completes each sentence.
1 1 wouldn't say he was brilliant at his job, but he's quite ...............
A cautious B wary C effective D competent
2 I'm ............... trusting him again. He let me down last time.
A wary of B careful about C conservative about D conscientious of
3 You're too ................ You should think before you act.
A unconscious B sloppy C spontaneous D impulsive
4 I'm very ............... things. I'm always losing them.
A careless about B impulsive with C careless of D careless with
 U n i t 2 Exercises

5 Don't make a ............... decision. Think about it first.

A snap B jump C careless D spontaneous
6 I think you should be ............... Find out exactly what they want you to do before you agree.
A defensive B cautious C fussy D conscientious
7 She lost her job because she was ................ She made far too many mistakes.
A rash B inefficient C incautious D impulsive
8 The police made a ............... search of the area but found nothing.
A wary B cautious C fussy D thorough
9 Be ............... those glasses! Don't break them!
A careful about B careful of C careful with D particular about
10 1 realise now that I was too ............... I should have thought about it for longer.
A hasty B careless C snap D sloppy
1 1 He's really ............... He never checks his work and it's always full of mistakes.
A snap B impulsive C rash D sloppy
12 I reminded him twice. so as to ............... that he wouldn't forget.
A take care B watch out C make sure D check
13 your work in case you've made any mistakes.
...............
A Take care of B Ensure C Look out for D Check
14 He's ................ He does his job very badly.

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A incompetent B rash C unconscious D hasty
15 We didn't plan the celebration. I t was ................
A impulsive B rash C hasty D spontaneous
16 Be ............... that step. It's broken and you might fall.
A careful of B careful about C cautious about D careful with
17 I'll send the letter today to ............... that they receive it in time.
A take care B ensure C insure D protect
18 I never know what to cook him as he's such a ............... eater. He doesn't even like potatoes.
A thorough B conservative C fussy D careful
19 She's very ................ She takes her job very seriously.
A particular B conservative C conscientious D fussy
20 I t was very ............... of you to lose that letter: you should have kept it in a safe place.
A rash B impulsive C fussy D careless
21 I'm phoning them again because I want to ............... the arrangements for tomorrow.
A ensure B make sure C make sure of D take care
22 You're so ............... ! Can't you see the benefits of building the new road?
A hasty B thorough C conservative D fussy
Unit 2 Exercises

23 Don't be ............... ! It's a bad idea to phone them while you're angry. Wait until you've calmed
down.
A sloppy B spontaneous C rash D careless
24 She's very ................ She can be relied on to do her job properly.
A efficient B cautious C serious D conservative
25 I'm not ................ I don't mind at all where we go.
A careful B cautious C wary D fussy

2.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 Look after yourself.
care

2 Be careful of thieves if you go to that part of town.

watch

3 I put a lot of care and attention into this letter.

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trouble

4 I've installed an alarm to stop thieves stealing my car.

protect

5 I bought it without thinking about it first.

spur

6 You're making a judgement before you've heard the facts.

conclusions

7 I choose very carefully who I discuss my private life with

particular

8 I made sure that I didn't offend them.

careful

9 I'll look for you at the concert, although I expect it will be very crowded.
eyes
 U n i t 2 Exercises

10 She chooses the kind of hotels she stays in very carefully.

fussy

1 1 Will you take care of the flat while I'm away?

look

12 Be careful not to hit your head.

mind

13 I don't mind whether we go or not.

fussy

14 Be careful to notice a red door when you arrive - that's my flat.

look

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Unit 3 Honest/Truthful
I honest
a (of a person) able to be trusted Sandra is hard-working and honest, and I have no
because of not lying, cheating etc. hesitation in recommend~nghei- for- the job.
b (of a person's behaviour or He's got an honest face.11 suspect that his niotives are not
appearance) showing the qualities entirely honest.
of an honest person
c concerned only with the truth; Be honest. Tell me ~ l h a you
t really think.llf l'ni honest
not hiding anything with myself, the only I-eason I'm doing this job is for- the
nioney.1l'm sorcy if you don't like what I'm .raying, hut
it's my hotzest opinion.

2 trustworthy Shall ~e tell him o u ~secret?

. Is he trusm'orthy enough?
(of a person) able to be trusted

3 reliable I doubt if he'll come - he's not pa~.ticular~lyreliahle.lDon't

(of a person or thing) able to be believe et'erything you read - the newspapers are not
relied on always entirely r-eliable.

4 the truth The truth is I've never- liked him.INobody ill ever know
something that is true: the facts the truth of (he matter.

5 to tell the truth Believe me, I ' m telling the truth.

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6 truthful
a (of a statement etc.) true and I cion'r think that's an entirely trurhjdl ansulcr
honest
b (of a person) telling the truth: Be truthful. Do you like my new suit 01. not?
honest

7 sincere
a (of a person) believing or She's very sincere, so if she says she likes you. you can he
meaning what you say (especially sure she does.
when saying nice things)
b (of feelings etc.) truly and Please acc.ept out- sincere aphlogies for the
deeply felt misunderstanding .

X genuine She's making a genuine effor.t to he more fr.iendly.lHe gave

sincere; really what it appears to me a look of ~ e n u i n esurprise.
be

9 open She' .r a l ~ , a y svery open ahour het- r e I u t i ~ t ~ s h i p ~ .

willing to discuss (often private)
matters honestly
 U n i t 3 HonestITruthful

10 frank She was completely b a n k with him - either he worked

honest and open in expressing harder or he would be out of a joh.lfie mude a frcnk
your real thoughts and feelings admission of guilt.
(even if the other person may not
like them)

1 1 direct tIe wus ve1.y dir.ec.t and ~.astedno time in asking me if I

honest and going straight to the M1asmurr.ied.11 expect a direct ansl.c5el.jiorn yolr - do you
point. without hesitation or do ~ O L not
A know this man?

12 blunt I'm xoing to he blunt ~ , i t hyou - if you go on like this,

speaking directly, without trying you'll nevei. puss you,. esarns.lDon't be put offby her blunt
to be polite or hide your true manner - she's at-rually quite nice.
opinion, even if what you have to
say is unpleasant

1.3 to tell you the truth To tell y o i ~the ti.uth. I think you'\,e made a ter-rihle
an expression used to admit mistuke.ll've fot.gotren his name, to tell you rhe t~.uth.
something and make it clear that
you are being honest and open

14 t o be honest To he honest, we had an ahsolittelv a w h l holiday./

an expression meaning 'to tell you Although I hlas pleasant to her., to he honest I can't stand
the truth' her.

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15 honestly
speaking truthfully (an expression
tfonestly, it's not my fault that I ' m lare.11 can't honestly
say I care who wins.1'1 think you h'on by cheating.' -
used to make it clear that what ' I didn't, honestly. I was just Ir~c,kj).'
you are saying is true, even if the
person you are talking to may not
believe i t )

16 frankly Frankly, you're k\lasring your time t,yin~ to learn German,

an expression used to make it as you'~teoh~~iously got no gift for l a n g ~ a ~ e s .
clear that what you are saying is
true, even though the person you
are talking to may not like it

17 to be frank f i e ' s got his dririr?~rest next week, but to be frank he

an expression meaning 'frankly' doesn't stand a chance of passing.

18 to speak your mind I f I .spoke my mind, he'd only get upset

to say what you really think. not
what people want to hear
Unit 3 Exercises
3.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 He's very ...............about his private life. He's got no secrets.
A trustworthy B direct C open D sincere
2 She was very ............... and told me quite simply that she didn't like me.
A genuine B open C blunt D sincere
3 I don't think she was being completely ............... when she said she liked my paintings.
A frank B sincere C reliable D true
4 If you were ............... , you'd admit that it was your fault.
A genuine B true C frank D honest
5 He's got a very ............... manner. so don't be surprised if, the first time you meet him, he asks
you how much you earn.
A sincere B frank C direct D reliable
6 I'm writing to express my ............... gratitude for all your help.
A truthful B blunt C sincere D honest
7 It was a ............... mistake. I wasn't trying to cheat you.
A genuine B sincere C truthful D frank
8 I know you think it was me who told him your secret but ..............., it wasn't.
A honestly B frankly C to be honest D to be frank
9 I've been completely ................Everything I've told you is what really happened.

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A true B truthful C genuine D direct
10 I'm going to be ............... with you, Mr Henderson. Your daughter is a thief.
A sincere B open C frank D genuine

3.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind
.................................................................................
1 You're lying.
truth

2 The truth is that I didn't understand a word he said.

honest

3 Can we trust her?

trustworthy

4 My honest opinion is that you're wasting your time.

frank
 U n i t 3 Exercises

5 He's never afraid to say what he thinks.

mind

6 The witness can be relied on completely

reliable

7 To be honest. 1 couldn't care less what you think.

tell

8 The truth is that there's no easy solution to your problems.

frankly

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Unit 4 Dishonest/DeceitfuI
1 dishonest t i e accused me of being dishonest.lThe Co\vrnniet~r has
not honest ae,ted in u most clislionest ~ v v .

2 deceitful Don't you think you're being turher dec,eitjirl 1701

behaving in a dishonest way by mentioning that you spent two years in [?l.isoll?
trying to hide the truth or make
other people believe something
that is not true

3 crooked Don't get inl,ol~,ed~ ' i t hhim - h e ' s ct.ooked 11 doti't kt~ou'
dishonest, especially in a criminal h o ~ he
l manages to earn so much nlone.y, but jo~r can be
way and in connection with sure it involves sonlething o-ooked.
money or business

4 untrustworthy t i e ' s c~ompletelyunrt.lism~orth),.In fact anything you tell

not trustworthy him he's likely ro use agair;st you.

5 unreliable She's .so utz~~eliable.

That's the third time che's kept me
not reliable waiting this week.11 don't know why rhey hothc~rto print
these bus rimetables - thej're completely unreliable.

6 insincere She u!as so ohviouslp being in.sinc.ere when she said she
not sincere liked your paintings.

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7 two-faced
behaving in an insincere way by
saying one thing at one time or to
tlow rwo-fac,ed (.an you get! Only yesrer-day lie told me
how well I ulas doing and today h e ' s been telling evet- one
that I ' m useless.
one person, and the opposite thing
at another time or to another
person

8 devious t f e as prepared to use any means, no mutter how

dishonest, especially in a devious, to secure the contract.
complicated, clever or indirect
way

9 cunning Reducing income tax just before the elec~tion us a

clever in using people and cunning move by the government io get rhem.relves t-e-
situations in order to get what you elec,red.
want (without them realising);
cleverly deceitful

10 to lie ( t o S.O. abolrt sth) She's lying - it ~ ~ het. a s[hut broke the indo do^,, not
to say son~ethingwhich you know m e . l ' l ' \ ~ ene\'er seen him hefire,' she l i e d . i l ' v ~sure h e ' s
1s untrue lying about his age. t f z mirsr he at least foi-e.lDon't evet-
lie to me again.

I l a lie That's a lie and )'ou knoul it!lDotr.'r helre\.c. M ~ / ~ L ItIh q ' l - e
a deliberately untrue statement ~ u y i n gabout me. 1 t ' ~a11 lies.
 Unit 4 D i s h o n e s t / D e c e i t f u l

12 to tell a lie N o one I I ~ U S T Shinr hec.uuse he's LIIL~YI!,.~

teIIrn,q 11r.s.

13 a liar If IW'S s q i r r ~that the (~c~.iciei~t

M.USmy lurtlt. he'.<tr li~~t..!
a person who tells lies You liur! Yo11know that's trot ti-rrc.

14 to deceive (s.0. ivito doing sth) /.Clrc~ tic.( ci1\.ct/

tie dec.ei\,rd her ~ . i t hpi~or?ri.\cl.cc?f'rnur/.io,qc~
to cause someone to believe h i n ~into thinkin,q .she lo\~ecihinr, hrtr 011 kirc.lt. it M,U.Y
something that is not true, his mcmeq' that she M Y I S after.
especially when it is for your own
advantage

15 deceptive ( ~ ~(flc'n
I-fe may look honc.~t,hrrt ~ ~ p p e u t . ~ r n(II.C . r d~c.epti\.c
not as i t appears to be

16 to trick (s.0. into doing sth/s.o. They ul.i.il.ed at thcit- desrinutiolr oil!\, to Jilrcl rhc\ bud hccn
out of sth) tt.ic.kcd - there M ~ U S110 1u.vrtt-y ~.illu.1 1 0 ~~'inrinili'q
pool. not
to deceive someone, especial!^ in e1,en the promised hire c.ar.IShe r-ealised rhat she had heen
order to get something from them tric.keti into selling her korise J o i - fat. 1es.s thou ir ~.crs
or to cause them to do something tvullj~M ' o I . ~ ~ .

17 a trick Pretending to he ill ~ ~ jrrsr u su ft-ic.k to ,?or tlrc. tic/;,.o f f

something that is done in order to s a genuine ojj6et-,0 1 . just arrothe~.one of' ~0111.
~ v r - k . l l this
trick someone tricks?

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18 to cheat
a to behave in a dishonest way in
order to get what you want
Don't play curds ~ 1 1 thhi n ~- Irc cheats.lTho on/! ~ ~ she'.^
goit78 to pa~.sher e-rani tiow, is by c,heating.
u y

(especially in games. examinations

etc.)
b (s.o. oht of sth) / f a (*heatedhet- our rf her ~ Spl.etel~ditrg he
S U \ ~ ~ I Ib~
to trick someone into giving you worked fit. an in\>estmentc~onrl~(~trj~.lThej~ tried to c.heur nrc'
something hq' c'har~ingnle fir fifteen Ie.c.sons uiid oirb ,qil,iir,q rtre t ~ t i .

19 a cheat Stop c'npq'ing ole, yo~tc*hent!/L)on'rlet liitn keep the sc.ot.cJ

a person who cheats hec*uuse he's u c.heut.

20 to mislead (s.0. into doing sth) The ht.ochure n7isled u.r into ~hinkiir~q thul our hotel us
to give someone a wrmg idea, only Jii'e nrii7ute.r j ;.om {he hruc~l~.
fir^ rrritrutc~sh?,
either intentionally or helic.optet., pet.hups!lDo~~'t he ~?~i.clt~d
h!, hrs c,licrt.nr.
unintentionally. causing them to
believe something that is not true

2 1 misleading us rt's trot r.rul1~a

It's a t.uther rnisleacling uci\~~t~ti.sen~ent.
(of a statement etc.) causing you free offer.
to be misled

22 to fool (s.0. into doing sth)

to deceive or trick someone
Unit 4 Dishonest/Deceitful

23 to con (s.0. into doing sth1s.o. out He conned me into buying a car that doesn't even work!/
of sth) They conned us out o f f 100.
(colloquial) to trick someone,
especially in order to get money
from them

24 a con Don't send them any money before you receive the p o d s .
(colloquial) a trick, especially to The whole thing might be a con.
get money

25 to rip (s.o.) off It's so obvious that most of the cafes here are just frying
(colloquial) to cheat someone by to rip off the tourists.iA £20 taxi fare for a two-mile
charging too much money for journey? You've been ripped off!
something

26 a rip-off What a rip-of' A hamburger here is double the price of

(colloquial) an example of being one anywhere else.
charged too much money for
something, so that you feel
cheated

27 to do (s.0.) out of (sth) He did me out of L2OO.lShe feels that she's been done out
(colloquial) to cause someone to of the job that should have been hers, because they
lose something, by cheating them preferred to appoint a man.
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28 to be taken in (by sth)
to be deceived into believing
Their story sounded so convincing [hat we were all taken
in (by it).
something

29 to fall for (sth) I can't believe I fell for such a ridiculous hard luck storj.
to be deceived into believing
something, especially naively

Unit 4 Exercises
4.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completeseach sentence.
1 I think he's ................I think he sells stolen goods.
A insincere B false C crooked D deceitful
2 It was ............... of you to lie to me about where you were 12st night.
A misleading B false C deceptive D deceitful
3 She's so ................ One minute she's your best friend, and the next minute she doesn't want to
know you.
A deceptive B two-faced C deceitful D misleading
4 He was very ................He flattered me so that I wouldn't be able to refuse him the favour he
wanted.
A crooked B two-faced C cunning D deceptive
 U n i t 4 Exercises

5 She's ................ If you tell her a secret. she tells other people.
A deceitful B insincere C untrustworthy D two-faced
6 The way he got me to do his work for him, without me realising what was really happening,
was very ................
A devious B misleading C crooked D false
7 I'm not taken in by his ............... praise.
A dishonest B two-faced C deceitful D insincere
8 Don't expect him to turn up on time. He's very ................
A untrustworthy B unreliable C deceitful D cunning
9 It's ............... of you to say that. You know it isn't true.
A dishonest B devious C untrustworthy D false
10 I was ............... by his honest appearance. Only later did I discover that he was a liar.
A misled B deviated C done D cheated
1 1 This photo of the house is rather ................ It makes it look much bigger than it really is.
A deceitful B deceptive C devious D dishonest
12 Before you send them any money, make sure the company really exists. The whole thing could
be a ................
A deceit B fool C cheat D con
13 1 didn't think he'd ............... such a pathetic lie, but he believed every word of it.

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A take up B fall out C take in D fall for
14 You can't ............... me! I know that story isn't true.
A lie B fool C do D cheat
15 I realise now that you've been ............... me. You haven't been going out with your friends.
you've been seeing another man.
A lying B doing C deceiving D conning
16 Their brochure is full of ............... information. For example it says that all rooms are 'with
shower', but it doesn't say that in some cases the shower is halfway down the corridor.
A misleading B deceptive C deceitful D insincere
17 This isn't a ................ is it? If I lend you my car, you will bring it back, won't you?
A cheat B trick C rip-off D deceit

4.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 Have you seen the price of these jeans? What a ............... -off!
2 He lied ............... where he had really been that evening.
3 He's a ................ What he's saying about me is totally untrue.
4 You ............... ! You're not supposed to look at my cards in the middle of the game
5 That's a ............... ! I most certainly did not say I would lend you any money.
U n i t 4 Exercises

4.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original senfence, hut using the word given. This word must not he altered in any way.
EXAMPLL It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point In arguing; I ' v e made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 Because I believed his lies, I paid far too much for it.
conned

2 Why aren't you telling me the truth?

lying

3 Because I believed her lies, I gave her £ 10.

tricked

4 I didn't tell the truth because 1 didn't want to say what had really happened.
lie

5 They cheated me.

ripped

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6 When I checked my change. I realised I'd been deliberately charged £5 more than 1 should
have been.
done

7 Because I believed his lies. he got a lot of money from me.

conned

8 He deliberately took £20 more from me than he should have done.

cheated

9 You didn't believe his story. did you?

, \
taken F
ph
..................................................................................................................
I,.
Part I
1 kind ( t o LO.) She's always been ~vr-ykind to me arid has done a lot for
friendly and helpful; doing nice me.llt MIUS kind of you to help me.
things for other people

2 kindness tier- kindness helped me a lot hen I was ill.

the quality of being kind

3 considerate (ro~.ardss.o.) He's very (.onsiderate rowpar-ds his fr-iends - he a l u ~ a j stries

aware of the feelings or wishes of to help if one cf rhem has a problem.
other people; kind

4 consideration (for s.0.) If he had more consider-utioii for- her she ~iouldn'rhe so
thought for the feelings or wishes unhappy, hut he never thinks ahour her.
of other people

5 thoughtful I t was thou~hlfulof yo// to phone me while I was ill

considerate

6 sympathetic (roltou~urdss.0.) When I explained my problem he as \'er-j sympathetic,.l

kind, and understanding of the She gave him a sympathetic smile.lT~-yand he a hit more
feelings and problems etc. of other sympathetic towards her- - she's having a hard time at
people work at the moment.

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7 sympathy (for s.0.)
the ability to be or the feeling of
tialle some sympathy for- him - he's been very unlucky./l
feel absolutely no sympathy for- you. It's your own fault
being sympathetic you losr your job.

8 to sympathise (with s.0.) I had a similar experience to yours last year. so 1

to feel or express sympathy sympathise with you.

9 generous (to s o . ) They were very generous to us - rhey gave us a place t o

happy to give money, kindness, stay and never asked us for any money.llt's \$er.yRenerous
help etc. of you to let me borrow your car.

10 generosity Thank you for all the geherosity you've shown us during
the quality of being generous our- time in England.

1 1 to give (s.0.) a hand Could you give me a hand to carty all these things?
to help someone (often in a small
way

Part 2
1 to thank ( s o . for sthlfor doing She thanked him f i r the pr-esenr.11 rhatiked her for helping
sth) me.
to say thank you
Note: thanks to = because of Thanks to her I felt much more conjidenr about my
English.lWe were late, thanks to the traffic.
U n i t 5 Kind/C;rateful/Unkind/Selfish

2 grateful ( t o S.O.for sth) I ' m very gt-ateful to you for all your Izelp.
wanting to thank someone because
they have been kind to you

3 gratitude I wrote to them to express m), gratitude for the;,

the feeling of being grateful hospitality.

4 to appreciate (sth) I appreciate your help - it's rperykind cfyou.lI'd

to be grateful for something; to appreciate it if you didn't smoke.
show gratitude for something

5 appreciative I've gone to all this trouble to get you to the ailpot-r o t ~
grateful; showing gratitude time. You could at least be a little hit more app~.eciati\v.

6 appreciation This is just a little present to show my appreciatiot~for all

the feeling of being appreciative; your kindness.
gratitude

Part 3
I unkind That was an unkind thing to say - you know h o ~ sensitive
l
not kind; cruel and unpleasant she is.

2 inconsiderate Don't you think it's rather inconsiderate to plav your

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not considerate; having no thought
for the feelings of others
music so loudly at night?

3 thoughtless It was thoughtless of you to go out without tellit?<?me

inconsiderate where you'd gone - I was worried.

4 unsympathetic When I told him my problem. he was completely

not sympathetic; not wanting or unsympathetic; in fact he hardly el-en listened.
unable to sympathise

5 selfish It was selfish of her to insist that we did ~ l h a tshe wanted.

caring only about yourself and not what we wanted.
your wishes; never thinking about
other people

6 selfishness She's had enough of his selfishness - she's going to do

the characteristic of being selfish what she wants to do from now on.

7 self-centred t f e ' s the most self-centred person I'\>eelet. n ~ e t Ife

. ne~~e~
thinking that only you and your thinks about his family when he makes a decisiot~.
wishes are important

8 mean He was so mean that he wouldn't e ~ v nbuy me a dt.ink.1

not generous; not wanting to Don't he so mean! Let me hal-le one of youi chocolares.
spend money, give help etc.
 U n i t 5 Kind/Grateful/Unkind/Selfish

9 tight-fisted He's too tight-fisted to send birthday cards, even to his

not wanting to spend money; very family.
ungenerous

10 greedy Don'f he so greedy, y o u ' w already eaten a lor./S/.le'sone

always wanting more (money, of the greediest people I know, - neLqersatisfied wVth what
food, power etc.) she's got.

1 1 greed Iie doesn't need another car - it's pure greed.

the desire for more

U n i t 5 Exercises
5.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B . C or D) which best completes each sentence.
1 It was very ............... of you to pay for all the drinks last night.
A appreciative B generous C grateful D sympathetic
2 Don't you think it was rather ............... of you not to let us know that you weren't coming?
A mean B unkind C thoughtless D unsympathetic
3 You're completely ............... ! You never think about anybody but yourself.
A mean B selfish C tight-fisted D greedy
4 It's very ............... of you to offer me your seat, but really I'm quite happy to stand.
A sympathetic B grateful C considerate D appreciative

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5 She's so ............... that she refuses to put the fire on, even in the middle of winter.
A greedy B selfish C self-centred D mean
6 When her father died I wrote her a letter to express my ...............
A generosity B appreciation C sympathy D gratitude
7 You've been very ............... and I would like to thank you.
A kind B thoughtless C grateful D appreciative
8 It was really of her to keep talking when she knew that I was trying to concentrate.
...............
A inconsiderate B unsympathetic C helpless D ungrateful
9 We are very grateful to Professor Humble for his ............... in donating this wonderful painting to
the museum.
A sympathy B thought C generosity D gratitude
10 My mother was very ............... when I failed my exams, in fact she said that it was my own fault
for not working harder.
A thoughtless B unsympathetic C inconsiderate D unkind
1 1 Thank you very much for the card you sent me while I was in hospital. It was very .......... of
you.
A grateful B generous C thoughtful D appreciative
12 You could at least show your mother some ............... for all the things she's done for you.
A kindness B consideration C sympathy D gratitude
Unit 5 Exercises

5.2 The word in capitals at the end o f each of thefollowing sentences can he used tofor.rn a ~1or.dthat fits
suitably in the hlank space: Fill each blank in this way.
E X A M P L . ~We had an interesting d!s:;uss!:!n about football. DISCUSS
1 The thing I hate most about him is his ............................ SE1,FISH
2 The audience clapped loudly in ............................ APPRECIATE
3 I t was ...................
. . . . of you to make fun of him like that. KIND
4 You should try to show a bit more ............................. for other people.
instead of thinking about yourself all the time. COKSIDERATE
5 She was very .............................when my husband died. SYMPATH!SE
6 There's too much ............................. in this world. GREEDY
7 I'll never forget the .......................... you have shown me. KIND
8 I did everything I could to make their stay enjoyable, but they
weren't at all .............................. APPRECIATE

5.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable war-d

1 Dad. I don't understand my maths homework. Could you ............... me a hand?
2 I find it difficult to sympathise ............... him.
3 She's so fisted that she'll do almost anything to avoid spending money.
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4 Thank you for all your hard work. We're very
5 I'd ............... it if you could try to be on time tomorrow.
............... to you.

6 We've bought you these flowers to thank you ............... your help.
7 It's very sad, but people seem to be becoming more and more ........ centred.
8 You're not going to have another piece of cake are you? That's the fifth you've had, you ............ pig!
Part I
1 polite ( t o s.o.) It's polite ro let people know fi you're going to be lare./I
having good manners and know you don't like my father-, but please trv to he polite
consideration for other people; to him.1He gave u polite smile./Whet~you make your
behaving in a way that is socially complaint, make sure you're polite about it.
acceptable

2 well-mannered Their parents brought them up to he ~lell-mat~net-ed

(of a person) polite

3 pleasant ( t o s.0.) t i e ' s a very pleasant hoy./l'm not particularly keen on her.
friendly and polite but I always try to he pleasant to her.

4 nice ( t o s o . ) I met a lor of nice people on holidap.11 can't criticise him

pleasant and friendly because h e ' s always been nice to m e .

5 to compliment (LO. on sth) E~,erybodycomplimented her on her e.ucellent speech.

to say very nice things to
someone about something

6 a compliment That was u superb meul. Compliments to the chef'

an expression of admiration or
praise etc.

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7 to pay (s.o.) a compliment
to compliment someone
t i e paid her the compliment of saying that she had the
best singing voice he had ever heard.

8 to flatter (s.0.) You're flattering me - I know my German isn't that good./

to say or suggest that someone is He flattered her on her new dress, hoping that she might
more attractive or intelligent etc. agree to go out with him that evening.
than they really are, especially in
order to get something from them

9 flattered Although I didn't want the job, I was veryjattered that

made to feel pleased and they had offered it to mg.
honoured by something
unexpected happening (indicating
someone's high opinion of you)

10 flattering Your invitation is very pattering, but I ' m afraid I can't

causing you to feel flattered accept.

1 1 flattery Flatter)) will get you nowhere!

flattering remarks

12 civil Although they don't like each other, the)' always manaRe
polite, but often only in the to he quite civil.
minimum way, without being
friendly
Unit 6 Polite/Pleasant/Rude/Offensive

13 tactful We decided that it would he tactful to leu~ve,since they

careful not to say or do anything obviously wanted to be ak)ne.l/fotel receptionists have to
that might offend or upset be tar,tful when dealing with diffrc-ult customens.
someone

14 tact She showed great ;act in her handling of the situation.

the ability to be tactful

15 diplomatic I think that under the circumstunc-es the most diplon~atic.

tactful and showing skill in thing would be to say nothing.
dealing with people

16 to crawl (to LO.) Nobody likes her at work because she c.ruk.1~to the boss.
(colloquiul) to be excessively
polite and pleasant to someone,
especially someone who is in a
superior position to you, because
you want some favour from them
or because you want them to like
YOU

17 a crawler IIe only got promotion because he's a crawler, not

(colloquial) a person who crawls because he deserved it.

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Part 2
1 rude (to s.o.) How old are you, if it's not u rude question?lDidn't
not polite (often intentionally) anybody teach you that it's rude to srare?i/fe was rude to
me about my work.

2 bad-manneredlill-mannered Take your feet off the chair and don'r be so ill-mannered!/
(of a person) impolite; having bad What bad-mannered young people they are!
manners

3 cheeky Do as your father says and don't he so c,heeky!ll hope you

lacking respect and politeness don't think this is c.heeky, hu; could I help myself to
(especially for someone that you another drink?
should respect, for example your
parents or teachers); not
embarrassed to do or say things
that may be considered impolite
by others

4 cheek Be quiet! I don't want to hear- any more cheek fr-om gou.1
cheeky behaviour or words She's just told me I should get a toupee. What a cheek!
(= How cheeky!)

5 unpleasant (ro s.o.) Because he's so unpleasant it's difficult to discsuss

unfriendly, rude and unkind anything with him.lStop being so unpleasant to me. I've
done nothing ro you.
 Unit 6 Polite/Pleasant/Rude/Offensive

6 nasty ( t o s.0.) That was a nasty thing to say. Why do you dislike her- so
very unpleasant and unkind much?lHe's so irritating that it's diflcult not to be nasty
to him.

7 hostile A rather hostile crowd gathered outside Parliament to

very unfriendly and aggressive, protest at the latest c,uts in the health sei-vice.lThe i ill age
especially in showing that you do is rather hostile towards tourists.
not like someone or something

8 tactless It was tactless of you to ask about his grrlf,.iend - you

without tact know she's left him.

9 to offend (s.0.) I don't know what I've said to offend her. hilt she's not
to hurt someone's feelings, often talking to me.lDo you think they'll be offended if I don't
unintentionally, by being rude or go to their party?ltie was quite offended that you for-got to
tactless send him a birthday card.

10 offensive His hehaviour- was so offensive that we 1efr.lHis offensive

rude and insulting; causing you to remarks about rhe other guests spoiled the evenin,?.
feel offended

1 1 to take offence (at sth) I hope you won't take ofence if we ask you to leave noM1-
to feel offended by something. we're both very tired.1She seems to have taken offence at
often unnecessarily something I said.
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12 to insult (s.0.)
to deliberately offend someone by
I'll never forgi~le him for the way he insulted me.11 don't
mind you saying nasty things about me. but don't insult
being rude to them, usually in my mother.ll've never been so insulted in all my life!
what you say

13 insulting She made some w r y insult in^ comments about his clothes.
causing you to feel insulted

14 an insult The argument became very personal, and a lot of insults

an insulting remark or action were exchanged.lTheir offer is an insult. How do they
expect somebody to live on such a miserable salary?

15 abrupt ' I ' mfar too busy to talk to you now,' he said, in his usual
quick and rather rude (especially abrupt manner-.
in wanting to end a conversation)

16 short (with s.o.) I didn't mean to he so short with you this morning - it's
abrupt (especially because of just that I ' m under a lot of pressure at the moment.
anger or impatience)

17 crude They spent the evening drinking beer and telling crude
rude, offensive and vulgar jokes.
Unit 6 Exercises
6.1 Choose the ulord or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) ulhich best c,ompletes each sentence.
1 He was rather ............... me. He just said 'No'.
A short with B crude to C rude with D tactless to
2 The local people were not very friendly towards us, in fact there was a distinctly ...............
atmosphere.
A rude B offensive C hostile D abrupt
3 1 knew she wasn't going to like what I was going to say, so 1 tried to find a .......... way of
saying i t .
A civil R diplomatic C flattered D well-mannered
4 Don't you think it's rather ............... asking him to lend you more money, when you still haven't
paid back what you already owe him?
A cheeky B hostile C unpleasant D crude
5 I'm sorry I was so when we met, but I was in a hurry and I couldn't stop and talk.
.............
A short B hostile C abrupt D unpleasant
6 Don't be so ............... ! Where did you learn such bad language'?
A ill-mannered B crude C tactless D nasty
7 It's not very .............. to talk with your mouth full.
A tactful B gentle C polite D educated
8 1 find his behaviour towards me quite ................ He treats me like an idiot.
A offending B insulting C crude D ill-mannered
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9 I'm ............... that you should accuse me of lying.
A offensive B insulting C offending D insulted
10 Don't be ............... ! Say thank you.
A nasty B rude C tactless D crude
I I I'm sorry about all the . . . . . . . . . . . . things I said to you.
A hostile B abrupt C nasty D short
12 Telling him he was boring wasn't a very ............... thing to say.
A well-mannered B nice C flattered D mannered
13 Why are you always so .............. to me? Have I done something to offend you?
A cheeky B unpleasant C tactless D crude
14 I t isn't exactly ............... to be told that you're starting to look old.
A flattering B well-mannered C civil D complimented
15 The interview went very well. Everyone was very ............... to me.
A pleasant B flattering C tactful D diplomatic
16 1 dislike him so much that 1 find i t difficult even to be ............... to him.
A tactful B diplomatic C civil D well-mannered

6.2 7'he ulord in capitals at the end ($each of thefollowing sentences can be used fohn-ma word that firs
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
~ X A L V I P L .We
E had an interesting d!s.'uss!on about football. DISCUSS
I The entire audience took .......................... at his racist remarks. OFFEND
 U n i t 6 Exercises

2 Try to be ............................. when you tell her the bad news. TACT
3 I think that with a little ............................. I could persuade him to change his mind. FLATTER
4 What a .......................... , telling him that he's the best teacher she's ever had! CRAWL
5 What lovely, ...........................children, MANNER
6 I find that advertisement .......................... to women. OFFEND
7 That was a rather ............................. remark. You've obviously upset him. TACT
8 He's the most unpleasant, ........................... person I've ever met! MANNER

6.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 That's an ...............! How dare you tell me I'm stupid!
2 You're ............... me. I'm not as clever as you say I am.
3 What a ............... ! That man just walked straight to the front of the queue
4 She paid him a ............... on his taste in clothes.
5 I'm ............... that you have such a high opinion of my work.
6 I hope you won't be ............... if I ask you not to smoke.
7 Try to show a bit more ...............when you tell your parents you don't agree with them. There's no
point in upsetting them by being rude.

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Unit 7 Shy/Confident/Arrogant
Part 1
1 shy She j n d s it difSlcult to talk to strangers because she's shy.
not confident; nervous in the
company of other people

2 self-conscious She felt self-conscious because she was the only woman in
feeling that everybody is looking the room.
at you; nervous because of what
they may think

3 inhibited He felt too inhibited to dance.lThey never. enjoy rhemselves

self-conscious and unable to act at parties because they're so inhibited.
naturally in public

4 modest (about sthlabout He was very modest about winning and said that he had
doing sth) simply been lucky.
not wanting to be admired; not
liking to talk about your abilities
or qualities

5 confident She's very confident and finds it easy to talk to people

sure of yourself and your abilities; she's never met before.
not nervous even in difficult

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situations

6 self-confident I'm sure he'll gel the job. He's got such a self-confident
confident; sure of your ability to manner that he always does real!)) well in interviews.
succeed

7 confidence You need confidence to make a speech in public

the feeling or characteristic of
being confident

8 self-confidence She doesn't have enough self-confidence to try for

the feeling or characteristic of promotion.
being self-confident

Part 2
1 arrogant His arrogant attitude has made him unpopular with rhe
behaving as if you are better than other people in his office.lIt's arrogant to believe that
everyone else nobody can do anything better- than you can.

2 big-headed Don't get big-headed just because you' ve passed an

thinking that you are a wonderful exam.lPeople keep telling her she's clever and it's made
person, and that you know her big-headed.
everything; not modest

3 vain You're so vain - always looking at yourself in the mirror.

full of love for your own
appearance
 Unit 7 Shy/Confident/Arrogant

4 smug lf you weren't so smug, you'd realise that the problems

too satisfied with yourself I'm talking about might happen to you one day.

5 cocky He's really cocky - when he walks into a place he at.ts as

(colloquial) (usually used to talk if he owns it.
about men) arrogant; too sure of
yourself

6 pushy He's pushy - I've only met him once but he keeps phoning
always demanding things from me and asking me to do him favours./He'll never succeed
other people and trying to get in business - he just isn't pushy enough.
what you want (often rudely)

7 bossy Don't be so bossy! I'm nor your servant.

fond of giving other people orders
(often without being in a position
of power)

8 self-opinionated He's so self-opinionated that it's impossible to have a

believing that your opinions are reasonable discussion with him.
always right and refusing to listen
to anyone else

9 superior (to s.o.) She feels superior to other people because she comes from
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believing that you are better than
other people
a wealthy family.

10 condescending He's condescending to foreigners because they don't speak

behaving as if you are superior to the language.
other people; treating other people
as if they are inferior or stupid

1 1 patronising He was really patronising - just because I didn't

condescending understand him immediately, he spoke to me as if I was a
child.

12 domineering She's so domineering - no one else has a chance to say

always trying to control other anything when she's there.
people, without worrying about
what they think or feel

13 to boast (about sth) He's boasting because he passed the exam and nobody
to talk too proudly about else did.lHe's rich and keeps boasting about how much
something that you have got or money he's got, to impress people.
something that you have done

14 to brag (about sth) He's always bragging about his house because it's bigger
to boast than anyone else's.
15 to show off She wore all her e.xpensive jeu]eller,v so that she c~olild
to try to impress people and make show off ho~a~)ealthyshe was.1Stop sho~lingoff? We all
them admire you know you can speak six lang/lages.

16 to talk down to (s.0.) I reully hate the way she talks down to me all the rime -
to talk to someone in a just because she's the boss's daughter
condescending way

17 to look down on (s.0.) Ile looks down on people who dotl'r have as many
to think that someone is inferior qualifications as he has.

18 to be belowlbeneath (s.0.) Just because he's been to univer-sity he thinks that such a
to be inferior to someone (in their simple job is beneath him.lComing from an upper-class
opinion) because of their family. she feels that the other students are below her.
intelligence, social position etc.

U n i t 7 Exercises
7.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or- D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 She's so ............... that she doesn't like anyone unless they tell her she's beautiful.
A smug B pushy C self-conscious D vain
2 He's not unfriendly, he's ................ Talking to people he's never met before is very difficult for

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him.
A modest B shy C smug D inferior
3 He was so ............... that a lot of the other men in the bar felt like hitting him.
A cocky B self-conscious C proud D boasting
4 He seems to think he's ............... me, just because he's been to university.
A superior than B superior to C patronising with D condescending of
5 I can't stand ...............people !ike him. He's always trying to get people to do things for him.
A vain B smug C pushy D patronising
6 Look at the ............... way he behaves! Doesn't he think he's great!
A proud B arrogant C self-conscious D pushy
7 'Well, 1'11 never have to worry about money, unlike some people here.' she said in that ...............
voice of hers.
A vain B pushy C bossy D smug
8 Everyone was having fun. but I was too ............... to join in, even though I wanted to.
A modest B inhibited C vain D superior
9 He was very .............. towards her, saying that she'd done quite well, considering she was a
woman.
A smug B cocky C patronising D big-headed
10 He's so ............... that he never listens to anyone else's point of view
A self-opinionated B big-headed C condescending D bossy
 U n i t 7 Exercises

7.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable ~toi.d.

1 He suddenly felt very ............... - .............. when he realised that people had noticed the hole in his
trousers.
2 1 heard him ............... to his friends about all the girlfriends he'd had.
3 She's terribly ............... at work. She isn't in charge but she keeps telling people what ro do.
4 Everyone said he'd been very brave, but he was very ............ and said that anyone could have done
what he did.
5 It takes a lot of ............... - ............... to walk into a room full of strangers and start talking to them.
6 There's no need ro ............................... We all know that you came top of the class in History, you don't
have to keep reminding us.
7 She spoke to me in a very ............... way. as if I was too stupid to understand such complicated things.
8 He used to be a very modest type of person, but success has made him ............... - . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9 Don't talk .............................. me! I'm capable of understanding you. I'm not stupid!
10 He's a very ............... person and new challenges don't frighten him.
1 1 She's got a very ............... husband who makes i t very difficult for her to lead a life of her own.
12 My parents don't want me to marry Steve. Just because he works in a factory, they think
he's ............... me.

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13 She's .............................. enough to tackle any kind of problem believing that she can solve i t .
14 Now that he's rich, he looks .............................. everyone he knew when he was poor. He doesn't want
to see them again.
15 Ever since winning the school tennis competition he hasn't stopped it. I t seems he
wants everyone to know.
16 She doesn't have the ............... to do a job that involves selling things to people.
Part 1
1 stubborn She's so stubborn thar once she's made up her mind,
refusing to move, change your she'll never listen to anything rhat you say.
mind, co-operate etc.

2 obstinate There's no point in arguing with her - she's far- too

stubborn, in spite of attempts to obstinate to listen.
persuade you to do something else

3 pig-headed For goodness' sake, stop being so pig-headed! It's obvious

stubborn and obstinate (often used we've taken the wrong road, so why are you insisting that
when people are very angry and we haven' t ?
want to talk about someone who
is stubborn)

4 awkward I want him to change his plans, but he's being awkward.
uncooperative; difficult to deal
with

5 to persist (with sthlin doing sth) If you persist with this kind of behaviour, I shall he forred
to continue stubbornly to do to sack you.iMust you persist in phoning me? I've already
something, in spite of opposition told you 1 don't wanr to see you.lShe persisted and
or difficulty eventually mastered the computer.

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6 persistent
continuing stubbornly to do
something, in spite of opposition
If he hadn't been so persistent, he wouldn't have got his
money back.

or difficulty

7 persistence It was only after a great deal of persistence that 1 got a

the action of persisting satisfactory answer.

8 to pester (s.o.) The kids have been pestering us to get a video for so long
to persist in asking or telling that we've finally agreed to buy one.// really don't like it
someone to do something, in a when people come up to you in the street and pester you
way that is annoying for money.iDon't pester me now with your complaints!

9 to be set in your ways When people get older, they tend to get set in their ways -
to have a fixed routine and fixed eating at the same time every day, and so on.
ideas, which you refuse to change
in any way

Part 2
1 determined (to do sth) She's a very detet-mined woman and I'm sure hcr business
knowing exactly what you want to will be a success./l'm deter.rnir7ed to finish this, h o ~ v v e r
do and refusing to let anything long it takes.
stop you

2 determination lt takes a lot of determination to succeed in a cornpctiti~~e

the quality of being determined husiness.
40
 Unit 8 StubbornIDetermined

3 single-minded She's so single-minded about her career that she's never

determined in following only one considered marriage or children.
aim

4 to persevere She persevered and eventually became quite good at

to continue to do something with playing rhe violin.
determination, in spite of
difficulties

5 persevering She's a persevering student and should do well.

continuing to do something with
determination, in spite of
difficulties

6 perseverance I f it hadn't been for- the perseverance of one police ofSrcer.

the quality of persevering the murderer would never have been found.

7 to keep at (sth) I know maths is a difficult Subject, hut if you keep at it,
to persevere with something I'm sure you'll get to understand it.

8 not to take no for an answer I've told him that I ' m not interested, but he won't take no
to be determined not to allow for an answer.
someone to say no

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9 to stick to (sth)
to be determined in refusing to
change (a decision, promise etc.)
That's my decision and I'm sticking to it.

U n i t 8 Exercises
8.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D )which best completes each sentence.
1 He's ............... not to 'make the same mistakes as before.
A obstinate B stubborn C determined D persevering
2 It's no use trying to persuade him that he's wrong. He's too ............... to change his mind.
A stubborn B persistent C persevering D single-minded
3 Learning to drive can be difficult, but I'm sure that if you ............... , you'll be able to do it
eventually.
A persevere B keep at C determine D stick to
4 Everybody wanted to go to the cinema except Anne, who had to be ............... by saying she
wanted to go to the theatre.
A single-minded B persistent C persevering D awkward
5 The sales assistant was very ............... , and if I didn't like one dress, she would insist on me
trying another.
A pig-headed B persistent C intent D single-minded
6 He's been ............... her to go out with him for months.
A persisting B persevering C pestering D sticking to
U n i t 8 Exercises

7 She deserves her success because she's been very ...............

A persevering B awkward C pig-headed D set
8 Do as your father tells you, and don't be so ............... !
A set in your ways B obstinate C determined D persevering

8.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thar firs
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting disr!?!*? about football. DISCUSS
1 I lost my temper because he was being so ............................. and was refusing to accept that he
was wrong, despite all the evidence. HEAD
2 I was very impressed by his .............................. DETERMINE
3 Her .............................was finally rewarded when they agreed they had sent her the wrong bill.
PERSIST
4 His success is due to hard work and ............................. . PERSEVERE
5 She's so .............................that she won't let anything stand in the way of her ambition. MIND

8.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 I told him that I didn't want to go, but he wouldn't .............................. for an answer.
2 She stuck ............... her promise to write to him every day.

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3 He persisted ...............doing it himself, even though it was quite clear that he wasn't capable of doing it
properly.
4 When it comes to the kind of music he likes, he's very .............................. his ways.
5 Keep ...............it! You've nearly finished.
6 The Government is persisting .............. its plans to increase taxes, despite opposition
Part I
1 tolerant (towards s.o.lc$ sth) He's tolerant towards people with different polirical
able to accept or allow the opinions.lShe's tolerant of his bad habits.
opinions. beliefs, behaviour etc. of
other people, even though you do
not agree (without getting angry)

2 to tolerate (sth) She tolerates his smoking because she likes him so muc,h.il
to be tolerant of something; to will not tolerate your rudeness any longer!
allow something to happen, even
though you do not agree or you
find it unpleasant

3 tolerance The film is reallj~an appeal for tolerance towards all

the ability to tolerate; the quality people, whatever their race or religion.
of being tolerant

4 patient (with s.0.) I know he's not the most intelligent pupil in the class, hut
able to tolerate unpleasant or he does try, so please be patient with him.lBe patient - the
difficult situations, or to wait for train will be here soon.
something, without becoming
annoyed

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5 patience
the quality of being patient
Will you two stop shouting! I'm beginning to lose my
patience.

6 easygoing He's easygoing - he won't mind if all the plans suddenly

not easily worried or annoyed, change.
and therefore tolerant

7 broad-minded I can talk to my parents about absolutely everything

very tolerant of other people's They're very broad-minded.
opinions or behaviour, even if
they are very different from your
own; not easily shocked

8 open-minded Although I'd read a lot of bad things about America, I

willing to listen to and consider was quite open-minded when I went there.
new ideas, opinions etc.; not
judging something before you
experience it

9 to put up with (s.o./sth) I honestly don't know how she puts up with him - he's so
to tolerate or accept (someone or selfrsh!lHe puts up with his job because he needs the
something annoying or unpleasant) money.
without complaining
Unit 9 TolerantJIntolerant
10 to stand for (sth) I ' m not going to stand for any more of his insults.lWhy do
(usually used in negative you stand for such hehaviour?
statements or questions) to accept
or tolerate (something unpleasant)

Part 2
1 intolerant (of s.o.lsth) She's intolerant of people who don't agree with her.lHe's
not tolerant intolerant of other people's weaknesses.

2 intolerance It is intolerance that causes many arguments.

the inability or refusal to tolerate

3 impatient (with s.o.) A lot of people say that the British are very impatient with
not patient foreigners who don't speak English.lWait your turn and
don't be so impatient!

4 narrow-minded You're so narrow-minded. Can't you accept that someone

having fixed and limited opinions; else might have a point for- once?
unwilling to consider new or
different ideas, opinions etc.

5 small-minded How small-minded can you get! Even though they know
having an intolerant and who I am, the bank insisted that I showed them some

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ungenerous mind

6 petty
identity.

My boss is so petty, reporting people if they're more than

small-minded, especially in one minute late.
connection with trivial matters

7 bigoted He's so bigoted that it's impossible to discuss politics with

having very strong and often him.
unreasonable opinions, especially
about politics or religion, and
believing that everyone else is
wrong

Unit 9 Exercises
9.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 We've got a very ............... teacher. who doesn't mind if we're a bit late.
A broad-minded B open-minded C easygoing D tolerated
2 He's very ............... , for example he thinks that all unemployed people are lazy and should be
made to join the army.
A intolerant B small-minded C petty D bigoted
3 Don't you think you're being rather ............... , arguing about such a small sum of money?
A petty B narrow-minded C intolerant D impatient
4 The management is very ............... and can't see the long-term benefits of installing a computer.
A petty B narrow-minded C intolerant D small-minded
44
 U n i t 9 Exercises

5 Generally speaking I don't read film reviews because I like to be ............... when I go to the
cinema.
A easygoing B broad-minded C open-minded D tolerant
6 The waiter didn't charge you for the extra suga.r, did he? How ............... can you get?
A intolerant B small-minded C bigoted D broad-minded

9.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thatfits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPI.E We had an interesting discussion
................about football. DISCUSS
1 I'd been standing in the queue for half an hour and was beginning to get rather ..............................
PATIENT
2 Religious ............................. forced them to leave the country. TOLERATE
3 They're very ............................. people, so the bad language in that film is unlikely to offend them.
MIND
4 Hurry up! I'm starting to lose .............................with you. PATIENT
5 They hardly ever argue - I think they're both very ............................. of each other's faults.
TOLERATE

9.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 We're stuck in the traffic, and there's nothing we can do about it, so we'll just have to be ................
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2 1 don't know how she puts .............................. his terrible moods; most women wouldn't.
3 That's the third time you've been late this week and I won't ............... for it any longer!
4 I don't think she'd be a very good manager as she's so .............. of other people's faults.
5 I refuse to ............... such insulting behaviour!
6 Unfortunately, the country is not particularly well-known for its racial ...............
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 Section B
Feelings and States ofMind

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r /-",

Units 10-24
/
f-

4
fi
Unit 10 Angry/Bad-tempered
1 angry (with S.O. (for doing sth); There were some angry scenes outside the factory
aboutlat sth) yesterday when the management announced the loss of
feeling or showing strong four hundred jobs.lMany people are anR,y about the
dissatisfaction Government's decision to increase taxes.lShe's an,qry with
him for forgetting her birthday.

2 annoyed (with s.o.; aboutlat sth) I'm really annoyed about missing that train.lMv mother.
slightly angry, often because of used to get annoyed with us if we got our c,lorhes di1.5.
smaller, more ordinary things

3 to annoy (s.o.) It annoys me that she never listens to anyone else's

to cause someone to be annoyed opinion.

4 annoying She's got a really annoying habit of starit~gat people

causing you to be annoyed

5 furious (with s.o.; aboutiat sth) I ' m furious with him for letting me douw like rhat!lHe hla.s
very angry furious at being made to wait.

6 to infuriate (s.o.) The decision to close the \)illage school has infuriated
to cause someone to feel furious most parents.

7 infuriating It's infuriating not to be able to Xet a ticker

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extremely annoying

8 irritated She seemed rather irritated by his h hi st ling

annoyed, often because you want
something to stop

9 to irritate (s.0.) tiis voice irritates me bec,ause ir's so lolrcl.

to cause someone to feel irritated

10 irritating It's irritating when people ask stupid yuesrion.~.

causing you to feel irritated

1 1 irritable She's usually quite irritable.,in the mo1.nil7gs,espec.ial!\, if

tending to get irritated easily and she's had a late night.
often for no good reason

12 touchy (about sth) You're I1er):touchy tonight - I can't seem to say anything
easily annoyed or upset right.llle's still quite touchy about the break-up of his
marriage, so t r not~ to mention it.

13 bad-tempered He gets had-tempered when he's tired and sholrts a lor

angry and irritable; tending to get
angry easily

14 to have a bad temper She never argues with him because he's got such a bad
to get angry frequently and easily temper.
 U n i t 10 A n c r v I B a d - t e m ~ e r e d
15 to lose your temper After being made to wait for over an hour, she finally lost
to become suddenly and her temper and started screaming at the receptionist.
uncontrollably angry

16 to go madlcrazy He went mad when I told him that I'd changed my mind./
(colloquial) suddenly to become She'll go crazy if I'm late for dinner.
very angry

17 to have a fit He had a fit when he realised that he would have to do

(colloquial) suddenly to become the whole job again.
very angry

18 to take it out on (s.o.): Stop shouting at me! Just because you've had a bad day.
to make someone suffer because it doesn't mean you have to take it out on me.
you feel angry, even though it is
not their fault

19 an outburst His outburst surprised me - I had no idea he was so

a sudden explosion of anger angry about the situation.

20 a tantrum He had a tantrum because he couldn't have what he

a sudden explosion of anger wanted.
(especially by a child or by
someone behaving childishly)
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2 1 frustrated
dissatisfied or annoyed because
He's frustrated about not being able to get a job.

you cannot do what you want to

do or have what you want to have

22 to frustrate (s.o.) It ji-ustrates me that she can't see my point.

to cause someone to feel
frustrated

23 frustrating We've been trying to sell our house for the last year and a
causing you to feel frustrated half, but without any success. It's so frustrating.

24 frustration I can understand your frustration, but it will take some

the feeling of being frustrated time for you to be able to speak the language well.

25 to be in a (bad) mood (with LO.) I don't know what I've done wrong but she's obviously in
to be feeling angry and bad- a bad mood with me.lWhy are you in such a bad mood?
tempered

26 to have had enough (of s.o./sth; She'd had just about enough of him, so she fold him to
of doing sth) 1eave.iWe've had enough of your insults.lI've had enough
to be unable to tolerate someone of listening to other people's problems - it's beginning to
or something any more; to be fed annoy me.
up with someone or something
U n i t 10 A n g r y I B a d - t e m p e r e d

27 to be sick ofttired oftsick and I'm sick of other people taking ad\santage of n~e.lDo\.ou
tired of (s.o./sth/doing sth) e\ler get tired of all the things that are ~'t.rttenahour ~orr
to be completely fed up with h j the pr.e.7.e Pll'in sick urid tired of hearing voui-
someone or something c.omplair7ts.

28 to get on someone's nerves The noise outsrde is getting on my nerves.

to irritate and annoy someone

29 to get up someone's nose Politicians get rep my r7ose - they'll say one r h i n ~one
(colloquial) to irritate someone minute, and somerhing else the n e . ~ t .
very much

30 to make you sick It makes me sick that some people get 1.ic.h h\. c h e a t i n ~
to make you very angry others.

3 1 a nuisance James is being (1 real nuisaiic.e at the moment - he keeps

an annoying person or thing; phoning me up in the middle cf the night, saying he's got
someone or something t h a ~causes to talk to me.llt's a nuisance ha19ing to ~ u i thut
, we
you problems haven't got much choice.

32 a pain in the neck ltS.ea pain it7 the neck hal'ing to do this. I ' d tnric,h rather
(colloquial) an irritating person or he ~,atc.hingtelevision.
thing; a big nuisance

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33 the finalllast straw
rhe final event in a series of
annoying events which causes you
After a six-hour delay at the airport, it h3asthe jinal struct
when they hoarded the plane only to frud there ct3asno
food for- their journey.
to get angry

U n i t 10 Exercises
10.1 Choo.re the lor-d or- phrase ( A . B , C or Dj ~>hic./?
hest c~omplereseach sentence.
1 Everyone was surprised by his ............... because nobody had ever seen him get angry before.
A explosion B outburst C outpouring D frustration
2 He's very childish. Every time something happens that he doesn't ,like he has a ..............
A bad temper B frustration C tantrum D bad mood
3 I've never seen anyone so ............... ! I thought he was going to hit me.
A touchy B sick C irritable D angry
4 The transport strike is a real ............... because it will make it very difficult for me to get to
work.
A pain in the back B nuisance C last straw D frustration
5 It's not my fault the car has broken down. so don't take it ............. me.
A from B to C out of D out on
6 I'm ............... in my present job; I need something more challenging.
A irritated B annoyed C frustrated D crazy
7 That's the last ............... ! I'm leaving.
A pain B straw C limit D nuisance
50
8 She's a(n) .............. old woman, who's always complaining about something.
A annoyed B furious C bad-tempered D infuriated
9 He's very ............... about his work, so try not to say anything that he might take as a criticism.
A annoyed B touchy C irritated D annoying
10 My boss will be absolutely ............... with me for being late again.
A angry I3 annoyed C furious D irritated
1 1 My father has a very bad ................
A temper B mood C humour D tantrum

10.2 The ulord in c-apitals at the end cfeuch of thefollo~~ing

sentences can be used toform u M.OI.LJ thulfjlx
suitahly in the blank space. Fill each hlunk in this M n y .
EXAMPI.E We had an interesting df?~.'!!~!!!! about football. DISCUSS
I It's ............................ not being able to speak a foreign language. FRUSTRATE
2 Most people tend to be rather ............................ when they're tired. lRRITATE
3 It's ........................... having to wait so long for an answer. ANNOY
4 There's nothing worse than the ...................
..... of being stuck in a traffic jam
when you're in a hurry to get somewhere. FRLSTRATE
5 He's got some very ............................ habits. I R R ITATE
6 It's when people won't believe things that are obviously true. FURIOUS

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..........................

10.3 For euch of the sentences he lo^', write a newvsentence as similar us possible in n ~ e a n i r ito~ the
originul sentence, hut using the word given. This ~ ~ musf r rzot
d he altered in an! M3a!.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no polnt rn arguing; I'LY made u p r n j mind
.................................................................................
1 She'll be furious when she finds out what's happened.
go
.......................................................................................................................................................
2 He got angry because we all disagreed with him.
temper

3 She is angry and bad-tempered today.

mood

4 1 don't want to be treated as an inferior any more!

sick

5 He got extremely angry when he saw the damage that had been done to his car.
fit
Unit 10 Exercises

6 His arrogance irritates me.

nose

7 I don't want people to order me about any more.

enough

8 Waiting for buses irritates me.

nerves

9 Having to get up so early is irritating.

neck

10 It annoys me to see so much food being wasted.

sick

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 1 certain (oflabout sth; that ...) He's not certain what her name is.ll'm certain (that) she
having no doubt in your mind doesn't like me.lShe doesn't like me - I'm certain of it.
about something

2 sure (oflabout sth; that ...) Are you sure (that) he said he was coming?/lt was him
certain who caused the accident, I'm sure of it.lHave you got a
map? I'm not quite sure about the way.

3 t o make certainlsure
a (of sthlthat ...) He looked all around to make certain that nobody was
to check in order to be certain listening.// think this is your train but you'd better ask the
guard to make sure (of it).
b (of sthlof doing sthlthat ...) England scored twice in the last ten minutes to make
to do something in order to be certain of victory.lWe left early to make sure of getting
certain o f something else there on time.lMake sure (that) you're not late.

4 positive (oflabout sth; that ...) 'Are you sure you locked the door?' - 'Yes. I'm positive.'/
completely sure She was positive (that) she had met him before
somewhere.lAre you positive oflabout what happened?

5 confident (of sthlof doing sthl She was confident (that) she would win./We're confident oj"
that ...) victory.lHe's confident of finishing the job on time.
certain that something will happen

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as you want it to happen

6 hopeful (of sthlof doing sthl I'm hopeful (that) everything will turn out well in the end.!
that ...) She's not very hopeful of success.lAlthough the concert is
fairly confident sold out, he's hopefi.1 of getting a ticket at the door.

7 hopefully liopejklly, I'll. be feeling better tomorro~~.lSee

you next
let us hope (that ...) week, hopefully.

8 optimistic (about sthlthat ...) We're optimistic that our money problems will soon he
always expecting the best; hopeful over.lShels optimistic about her chances of getting the job.
about the future

9 an optimist You must be a real optimist i f you think that the bank are
a person who is always optimistic going to agree to lend you all that money.

10 t o hope for the best tier attitude towards exams is to do a bit of revision the
to be hopeful that things will go night before, and just hope for the best!
well (especially when there is
reason to believe that they will
not)

1 1 to look on the bright side 'I've just lost my job and my wife is asking for a divorce.'
to find something to be hopeful - 'Look on the bright side - at least you've still got your
about in spite of problems friends. '
Unit 11 Certain/Optirnistic/Doubtful/Pessimistic

Part 2
I doubtful (about sth) I'm doubtful (ahout) ~'herhel- she'll cSonle.ll'\v ogr'ced to
uncertain and unconfident lend him n7s car., hut I still feel a bit douhrful ahour it.

2 to doubt
a (s.o./sth) I'm sot-1.y i f 1 doubted you - ~ o p~.o\sed
u mc ~,~.orr,y./.Yhc~
to be uncertain about someone or upologised for having doubted my cr9or.d (= fcr having
something thought that I was not telling the truth.)
b (thut ...) She may he there tonight. hut I 1.er.y much doubt 11.11~ i o u h f
to consider something to be that she'll he thew.ll doubt whether they'll come.
unlikely

3 doubt (about sth) There seems to be some doubt about ah he rho. hc 1s

(a feeling of) uncertainty a c t u a l l ~guilty or not./The~.e's1 7 0 dot~htthat she's ki11g.1
Everyone thinks it's a wonderfir1 idea, hut I hurv mj.
douhts./No~'that I ' m jinully lea\.ing the c.owltl.y for.e~.cr..
I'm heginnirzg to h(11.e doubts ahout it.

4 no doubt N o doubt you'll hu\*e heard about their e17gu~r~n7ent.lM/~~'II

certainly or very probably (used see you tonight, no douht.
to emphasise that you believe
something to be true)

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5 sceptical (ofluhou: sth)
very doubtful about something;
unwilling to believe that a claim,
I've ussur-ed her. that my offer- is genuine, hut she still
seems rather sceptic-a1 (($'about it).

statement, promise etc. is true

6 pessimistic (uhout sth) tfe'.r very pessimistic uhouf hts (./7anc.~s

~ f p u ~ s i nhis
g
always expecting the worst exams.

7 a pessimist Don't he such a pessimist! You' 1.e got us good a chance as

a pessimistic person unphody of getting the job.

X a reservation (about s.o./sth) She's beginnin,? to ha1.e I-esel-vatiorrsabout ma~-r.yin,qhim.!

a feeling of doubt about someone M y b i g ~ e s tr.eserrlution about hu~,ingit, is the PI-ic.c.lWe
or something, that causes you to accept yo~iroffer ~ i f h o uresel.\'ation.
t
hesitate

U n i t 11 Exercises
I I . 1 Choose the bt~or-dor- phrase ( A . R. C or- D ) ~9hic.hbest con~pleteseach sentence.
1 Are you that those were his exact words?
............
A positive B hopeful C secure D safe
2 He seems . . . . . . . . . . . . about whether she'll agree or not.
A doubtful B undoubted C unlikely D without doubt
 U n i t 11 Exercises

3 She's ............ that she'll get the job. She thinks she did well in the interview.
A confident B doubtless C trustworthy D safe
4 I'm ............... it. I saw it happen with my own eyes.
A confident for B sure from C certain of D positive from
5 He says he might come, but he ...............
A doubts B doubts it C doubts so D doubts about it

1 1.2 Fill each rf the blanks ~ i r otle

h suiruhle ~.or-d.
1 1 couldn't remember if I'd closed all the windows, so 1 went back to make ..
2 I always think that things will turn out well. 1 guess you could call me an ............
3 She's confident ............... getting into university.
4 You're such a ............. ! You always think that something is going to go wrong.
5 The manufacturers are claiming that it is a miracle drug, but many doctors and scientists still have
their ............... about it.

I 1.3 For euch of the sentence.r helo~b,write a neM, senret1c.e as sirnilat' us possible in nleunin,q to t/lr>
o r i ~ i n u lsentence, h~itusing the word gil'en. This u,ol-d nlust not be altet.ed in unj* u t i ~ .
~ X A M P L . ~ . It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point

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AKSWER
There's no point in ar,qlcln,q: I've mude u p my rnrnd
...............................................................................
I I'm hoping to go skiing at Christmas.
hopefully

2 1 don't think his reasons for being nice to me are sincere.

sceptical

3 Think about the good things! You're young and healthy and will have plenty more
opportunities.
bright

4 Do you think that your chances of getting promotion are good?

optimistic

5 I don't quite understand the meaning of this word.

sure

6 All I can do is cross my fingers and be optimistic.

best
Unit 11 Exercises

7 I expect he'll be late, as usual.

doubt

8 1 can only see bad things happening in the future.

pessimistic

9 I wasn't sure about him at first, but now he seems very good at his job.
reservations

10 Does she think that her chances of getting the job are good?
hopeful

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Unit 12 Confused/Bewildered
1 confused
a (about sth) I'm afraid I'm rather confused - could you explain fr-om
(of a person) unable to understand the beginning again?ll'm confused abour whar to do.lA lot
something (often because it does of people get confused by rules and regulations.
not seem to be logical); uncertain
or unclear
b (of something, a situation etc) The plans are rather c-onfused at the moment so I don'r
difficult to understand; not clear know what's going to happen.

2 to confuse
a (s.o.) Do you have to use all those technical terms? They just
to make it difficult for someone to confuse me.
understand or think logically.
b (a situation etc.) You've already changed your plans twice - if you change
to make it difficult to understand them again you'll just confuse things even more.
c (s.o./sth with s.o./sth else) I think you're confusing me with someone else - I've
to think, by mistake, that one never met you before in my life./I always confuse them
thing is another because they look so alike.

3 confusing The road signs were so confusing that I didn't know which
causing you to be confused way to go.

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4 confusion
the feeling of being confused; a
situation where everything is
Her explanation only added to his confusion.lThere was a
lot of confusion because nobody knew where to go.

confused

5 to cause confusion The changes in the law have caused a lor of confusion.

6 puzzled The doctor was clearly puzzled by my illness.il'm puzzled

unable to understand or explain about why she decided to leave./I'm puzzled that someone
something, often because it seems as intelligent as yourself should want to leave universi~
strange or unusual after only one year.

7 to puzzle (s.o.) His attitude puzzles me.,

to cause someone to be puzzled

8 puzzling His failure in the exam is puzzling, since he's one of the
causing you to be puzzled better students.

9 baffled I was hafled by the question.lPolice are hafled as to who

completely unable to explain or could have committed such a crime.
understand something, or find a
solution to it; very confused

10 to baffle (s.0.) His decision to leave the company hafPes me

to cause someone to be bafflea
1 1 baffling It'.r a hajjiin8 siruurion und 1 r.eullp c.ccn'r e.~plarn11.
causing you to be baffled

12 mixed-up A lot cf young people ure rni.ved-up uhout rheir-firrur.cs.ll'nl

confused (perhaps for emotional getting mixed-up noH. - are you tulkit~guhout Rlchurd or
or social reasons) his hrother?ltIe's been so mived-up s111cehis ~ , i j eIeJi him.

13 to mix up (s.o./sth with s.o./sth I mixed her up ~ ' i t h~ o m e o n eelse hec.truse I'\,(> ,?or N hurl
else) memo/.y./Aunt Sheila is uI~~uj..r nii.x.inx ~ r prhr t ~ , i / luild
s
to confuse two things. so that you c~alliiigthem by rheir h'rong rlunies.11 ~ I M Y J J S mi \ rllo.sc~
think that one thing is the other hzZo~'o/.u'sup and use one M ~ ~ P II Ishould use rhe orhcr..

14 a mix-up I t wa.r a mix-up - I rhought ~~e~~e1.e

meeting at 8 o'c.1oc.k
a confused arrangement hut he iho~rghtu9ektset.emeeting at 7 o'c.1oc.k.

15 bewildered Don'i ask me to esplair~the film to sou - I ' m trs

completely ccnfused and unable to heulilder-ed as you ure.ll'm hew9ilder.edus r o ~ . h she's
s so
understand something angrj - she uvasperfect1.v friendlp this mot-ning.

!6 to bewilder (s.0.) Eblen affer- ten pears, his hehu\siour still he~>ilders
me ar
to cause someone to be times.
bewildered

17 bewildering Her jirsr visit to India ~,a.rall e.uc~irir7gbur he~'ildei.r/~,q

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very confusing and difficult to
understand (often because many
new and different things are
experience.

happening at the same time)

18 lost I ' m lost - could yorr expluin rhar ull ~ c ~ a iplruse?/I

n. don't
confused; unable to fo!low (an know what's happenit18 iii rhis film - I'm rotullj losr.
explanation, argument etc.)

19 mystified Don't usk me ~ ' h iry happened - I ' m us m~srificdus jSoi,r

very puzzled: unable to even are.iShe u3usmystified h)' Dr. Jackson's i~onimer/t- ~3hut
begin to understand something c-ould he h u ~ , emeant?
because i t is s~ htrange

20 to mystify (s.0.) The rules of the gume completelp mpsr$v rno.

to cause someone to be mystified

2 1 mystifying Most for-ei~ner-sfrnd the gume of c,t.ic,ket c,onrplete/y

causing you to be mystified mq'sti'in~.

22 mysterious It's b1erj.niy.~teriou.~

- she .suddeiilp d~sapl~ent.ed
hut
unable to be explained or i~ohodq'knows ~ , h e r cshe br'er~t.
understood: strange and causing
you to wonder
23 a mystery (to s o . ) I huve no ideu ~ v h ythat hnppeired - tt's u i?rv.vfer\.1 0 nrcJ
something strange that cannot be
explained or understood

24 not to be clear (clhout sth) If there's unjthing jou're not clear about, plrusc. usk il'nr
to be confused; not to understand not clear (ahour) ~t,hatyou M7anfme to d o - c.oltld
explain i f again?

25 t o be unable t o think straight tie asked me so rnuny yursfions that 1 c~ouldn'tthink

to be unable to think clearly strai~ht.
because of confusion, pressure.
panic etc.

U n i t 12 Exercises
12.1 Choose the uurd or phra.re ( A , R . C or L)) ~$hic.h
hest cwmpletes ec7c.h .renrenc.c3.
1 My first day at work was because there were so many new things to take in
...........
A contused B puzzling C bewildering D mystifying
2 Statistics .............. - all those numbers!
A baffles me B mixes me up C mixes me D loses me
3 You're talking too fast - I'm getting ............... !
A lost B puzzled C mystified D baffled

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4 Considering his unhappy childhood, it's not surprising he's so
A mystified B lost C baffled D mixed-up
............

5 Due to an administrative .............. , the room had been double-booked.

A confusion B mix-up C puzzle D mystery
6 She's usually very calm, so I must admit I'm rather ............... as to why she lost her temper like
that.
A confusing B puzzled C mixed-up D bewildering

12.2 The ford in cupitals at the end c?feuch ofthe following sentences tun he used tofi)t.mu ~ n r rhar
d fits
suituhlj in the blank spuce. Fill eac.h blank in this M1aj.
~ X A M P L EWe had an interesting discussion
................about football. . DISCUSS
1 He's behaving in a very ........................... way. MYSTERY
2 There seems to be some ............................. about what she actually said. CONFUSE
3 Her sudden disappearance is rather .............................. PLI.ZI,E
4 I'm ........................... as to how such a thing cou1.d have happened. BEWILDER
5 The instructions are very .............................. I can't tell what I'm supposed to do. CONFUSE
6 The police were ......................... - why should anyone want to steal a wastepaper basket'?
MYSTIFY
Unit 12 E x e r c i s e s

12.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sencence as similar as possible in meaning ro the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPI.E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mrnd.
.................................................................................
1 If you change all the plans now, you'll only confuse things.
confusion

2 I find the whole subject very confusing.

bewilders

3 What I don't understand is why he did such a strange thing.

puzzles

4 I'm not sure what you want me to do.

confused

5 They look so alike that it's very easy to confuse her with her sister.
mix

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6 I was so worried that my mind couldn't function normally.
straight

7 We can't explain his disappearance.

mystery

8 You're not the first person to mistakenly think that I am my twin brother.
confuse

9 1 don't understand how to f i l l in this form.

clear f",
i
.......................................................................................................................................................
/-
ph
,r
Part 1
1 vague He's rather vague about his plans - I don't think he knows
not certain or definite (of what he's going to do.ll've got a vague feeling thar
something said or written); not something is wrong.
clear (of a feeling, idea, memory
etc.)

2 faint I have a faint memory of being here before.1The

not strong or clear (of a feeling, photographs are a hit faint.l(On the phone) 'You're very
colour, sound etc.) faint. I can hardly hear you.'

3 ambiguous His answer was ambiguocis - I'm not sure if he agreed or

able to be understood in more not.
than one way, and therefore
unclear or confusing

4 muddled The arrangements are muddled, so 1 don't know where or

confused and disorganised when we're meeting.1l'm getting muddled - what do I have
to do now?

5 garbled His explanation was so garbled that I have no idea what

not clear; confused (of an actually happened.
explanation or statement)

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6 inarticulate
unable to express yourself clearly;
He had drunk so much thar he was completely
inarticulate.lHe woke up suddenly, made a few inarticulate
not clearly expressed (of speech) noises, then fell asleep again.

7 unintelligible His accent is so strong that he's unintelligible.

impossible to understand (perhaps
because something is garbled or
not clearly expressed)

8 incomprehensible This document is incomprehensible.

impossible to understand

9 illegible His handwriting is illegible.

impossible to read (because the
writing is unclear)

10 inexplicable I find your behaviour quite ine,uplicable.

impossible to explain

Part 2
1 clear (lo s.0.) When you arrive, you'll be given clear instructions about
easy to understand and without what to do.lWhat's the problem? It all seems perfectly
confusion clear ro me.
U n i t 13 \'aguelIncomprehensible/<:lear

2 to be clear (about sth) I asked her to explain again bec.uuse I ~zlntedto he clear
to understand something abour what I had to do.11 ~ . a s n ' c.leat.
t ~ , h e t h shc
c~ M~IX
completely tulking to me or not.

3 clearly This is c.lea1.1j u nluttei.,for the c.ourt.r to drc.ide.lWhen I

without doubt asked him he didn't an.r~.el-. He c.lea1.1.~didtr't irnclo~.\tu~~d
hat I u1assaying.

4 to clear (sth) up I ' L , called

~ this meeting to try to clear till!
to find a solution to, or remove misu~zderstandings.
doubt about something (a
problem, misunderstanding etc.)

5 to make (sth) clear I hud u unrd with him because I M-antedto muke n ~ \
to explain something (your feelings cleut- - he u17der.standsnou'.il ~ ' o ~ r like
l d to rnuX(~
feelings or intentions etc.) in a it clear [hut I ' m nor c.riticising y o i ~ .
way that is easy to understand

6 to clarify (sth) We' ~ ' asked

e the rnuna~ementto calarifv c.~-uc.tI\.~8I1atits
to make something clearer and intentions are./Could you (.Iuri" t l ~ ipoint
. ~ fill. nle to(^.^
easier to understand (especially by this train leave e1ai.y da). except Sunday, or onlj orr
giving more information or Sunday?
explaining more simply)

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7 obvious
clear; easy to see or understand
/ f e M ' U S terriblj r u d ~- it's ob~,iou.r/hut he plunned to
offend me.lller reason for !\,ing is obvioi~.s- she Mtas too
embarrassed to tell me the trurh.

8 obviously She had a terrible time. Obviously she ~ , o n 'go t there

clearly u,gain.iShe obviously hates rne.//fe'so b \ ' i o u ~ha\%ing
~ a
bud time.

9 to sink in Things happened so fast thut it took u long time fit- rhem
to become clear in the mind: to to sink in.lWinning a gold medal hasn'r I-ealljsunk in vet.
become completely understood
(often of sudden or surprising
events)

10 to take (sth) in Ever-ything happened so quic-klj that I c.oiildn't tuke it all

to understand and absorb in.// don't think I took in anyrhin~of uhnt hc said.
something completely

I 1 to make (sth) out The road sign is too far au3aj. I cun't make oirt hot it
to see. hear, read. understand etc. says.11 couldn't make out what he was sayng - [here was
clearly too much tzoise./Can you make out the sig17utu)von this
letter?// can't make out ~ l h yshc left - I thollght s/7e M ' Q S
happy here.
U n i t 13 Exercises
or phrase ( A . B . C or I ) ) ~1hic.hbest c,oniplcrrs cuc.11.sen[rtrc.c.
13.1 Choose the u!o~-d
I We left New York when 1 was six, so my recollections of i t are rather
A faint B muddled C garbled D unintelligible
2 tiis papers were so . . . . . . . that he couldn't find what he was looking for.
A garbled B ambiguous C muddled D inarticulate
3 He speaks so quickly that most of the things he says are . . . . .
A inexplicable B unintelligible C illegible D inarticulate
4 I've got a(n) ............ idea what you mean.
A ambiguous R faint C muddled D vague
5 She was so angry that she became quite . . . . . . . . . .
A vague B garbled C inarticulate D inexplicable
6 1 asked him what to do but his instructions were so . . . . that I still didn't understand.
A inexplicable B garbled C muddled D illegible
7 Her sudden disappearance was . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A unintelligible R illegible C inarticulate D inexplicable
8 tier comment was so . . . . . . . that some people thought she was pleased while others thought
she was annoyed.
A incomprehensible B ambiguous C unintelligible D faint
9 The report was written in technical language. which would have been . . . . . . to most people.

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A incomprehensible B illegible C inarticu!ate D garbled
10 The signature at the bottom of the page was totally . . . . . . . . . . . . .
A inarticulate B ambiguous C incomprehensible D illegible
I I Could you . . . . . . . . . . . . that last remark?
A clear B clarify C clear out D make clear
12 He . . . . . . . . . . . . that nothing would change his mind.
A cleared B cleared up C made clear D made it clear

13.2 For euc~hcf the senrenc,es below. u,~-itea neH' sentencye u s similar u.r possible it1 meuniii,q to the
01-igtnul sentence, hut using the ~ ! o ~given.
- d This word must 1101 be ultered in ail\, M'aj,.
.
t-.XAMPL.~ It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWt:R
There's no poi~zf
...................
. . in ur,qi4/11~. l ' ~ , mude
e up nly mind.
..........................................................
1 The news of his death was such a shock that it hasn't been fully understood yet.
sunk

2 There are a few problems which we ought to try to find a solution to.
clear

3 She clearly doesn't like me.

obvious
U n i t 13 Exercises

4 He's got such a strong accent that half the time I can't understand a word he's saying.
make

5 He gave us so much information that it was impossible to absorb everything.

take

6 It's obvious that he doesn't understand you.

obviously

7 Do you understand how to find my house?

clear

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Unit 14 Embarrassed/Ashamed
I embarrassed (about sthlabout He's embarrassed about losing his hair.11 was too
doing sth) embarrassed to tell her how much 1 liked her.
uncomfortable, often because you
feel stupid (and perhaps causing
you to become red in the face)

2 to embarrass (s.0.) I t embarrasses her when people ask her personal

to cause someone to feel questions.lStop it! Can't you see you're embarrassing him?
embarrassed

3 embarrassing I got to work this morning and found I had put on

causing you to feel embarrassed different coloured socks - it was so embarrassing!

4 embarrassment I hope I haven't caused you any embarrassment.

the feeling of being embarrassed

5 an embarrassment (to s.o.) His past mistakes are an embarrassment to him.lShels an

an embarrassing person or thing embarrassment to her family.

6 humiliated I was so humiliated that I just wanted to ger out of there

made to feel small or stupid as quickly as possible.

7 to humiliate (s.o.) She humiliated him by shouting at him in front of all his

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to embarrass someone very much, friends.
I?y making them feel stupid

8 humiliating The England team suffered a humiliating 12-0 defear.

causing you to feel humiliated

9 humiliation The bridegroom waited and waited, but the bride didn't
the feeling of being humiliated arrive. Can you imagine the humiliation?

10 ashamed (of s.o./sth) He's ashamed of the way he behaved last night - he
feeling embarrassment or guilt ruined the evening.lHe's ashamed of himself for behaving
because of your own or someone so badly.ll'm ashamed of her for saying such things.
else's wrong or inappropriate
behaviour

1 1 shame He said that he looked on the terrible things he'd done

the feeling of being ashamed with shame.lThe memory of that evening filled him with
shame.

12 to feel guilty (about sthlabout She felt guilty about lying to him for days afterwards.
doing sth)
to feel that you have done
something wrong

13 guilt She must have stolen it - you can see the guilt all over her
the feeling of being guilty face.
U n i t 14 k:mbarrassed/Ashamed

14 to have a (guilty) conscience He's got a ( g i i i l ~c.onsc.ienc,e

) ubour sreuling ~ , h e t rhe Mu.5
(ubout sthlabout doing sth) voirng.
to feel guilty, often for a long
period of time

15 to feel responsible Cfor sth) I feel responsible fit- the 0 1 - g u m e ~ hec.urrse

~r, ~ , h c l It scrrd
to feel that something is your fault starred it.

I6 to feel a fool I fell suc.h a fool ~ l h e t iI teulised thut he'd heen !\./jig to
to feel embarrassed or humiliated me all [he time.

17 to make a fool of (s.0.) She made a fool of him by tellin8 e\,eryo~iehis

to humiliate someone or make embart.assin~secret.
them feel or look stupid

18 to go redlto blush He ~ ' e t r red

t after he told a joke und nobody 1uughed.iSIir
to become red in the face because blushed hen she realised she'd said sornerhin~sfupid.
of embarrassment or shame

19 to be reduced to (sthldoing sth) t i e used t o be the boss, bur nou. h e ' s reduced to u>ot.king
to be forced into a humiliating for someone else.lAffer losing his job, he u,as reduced to
position. inferior to your previous s ~ ~ e e p i nthe
g streers for- a li\titrg.
situation

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U n i t 14 Exercises
14.1 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used t o f o ~ ma MQI-drharjrs
suitably in [he blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting d!s:ussfon about football. DISCUSS
1 1'11 never forget the ............................ I felt in that situation. HUMILIATE
2 I've never been so ......................... in all my life! EMBARRASS
3 He feels a great deal of ............................ for the awful way he behaved. ASHAMED
4 His face went bright red with .............................. EMBARRASS
5 1 was ............................. by the way he made everyone laugh at me. HUMlLlATE
6 1 think i walked into the room at an ............................. moment for them. EMBARRASS
7 It's ........................... to be laughed at in public. HUMILIATE
8 She was tormented by feelings of ............................. GUILTY

14.2 Fill each of the blanks ~ l i t hone suitable word

1 I feel guilty ............... leaving you to do all the work.
2 I'm ashamed ............... what I said. Can you forgive me'?
3 It was wrong of him to ............... a fool of her in public like that.
4 He ............... because he was embarrassed - his face went bright red.
 Cnit 14 Exercises

5 She's embarrassed ............... not being able to speak the language well.

14.3 For eurh ($the smtences helouv,write u new sentence as similul- us poss~hle111 rneur~irqqlo tho
originul sentence, hut using the word ~ilven.This word nlust riot he ulter.ed irl u11.v h.a\..
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
AKSWER
There's no poinf rn at-gurng, I'rte mad^ up rnj mrntl
................................................................................
1 Things have got so bad that I have to borrow money from other people.
reduced

2 I felt stupid when I realised what I'd done.

fool

3 Her lack of education makes her feel embarrassed.

embarrassment

4 She blushed at the mention of his name.

red

5 He thinks that the accident was his fault.

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responsible

6 tle feels bad about cheating them.

conscience

7 She feels uncomfortable when people tell her how beautiful she is.
embarrasses

8 The boss likes to make people feel embarrassed in front of others.

humiliate
................................................................................................................................................
.&.rz,
 1 fear (of sth) My greatest fear is that one day 1'11 be old and helpless.1
the horrible feeling that you have The child was shaking with fear.lClaustrophobia is u fear
when you think that danger is of confined places.
near, or that something terrible
may happen

2 afraid
a (of s.o.lsth; rhat ...) She was so afraid that she was shaking.lYou haven't seen
experiencing fear or worry Jackie, have you? I'rn afr-aid that something awful might
have happened.ll'm afiaid of dogs.ll'm just going to ~ i ~ v
you a little injection - it's nothing to he afi-aid of:
b (of doing sth) I'rn afiaid of being robbed.
experiencing fear because of
something bad that may happen
c (to do sth) I was afi-aid to walk home alone, so I got a taxi.llf there's
not wanting to do something anything you don't understand. don't be afraid to
because of fear interrupt.

3 frightened 1 ran away because 1 was frightened.lHe's frightened that

afraid he'll newr fiilly recover from the accident.lMany children
are frightened of the dark./l'mfrighrened of losing my
job.11 was frightened to argue in case he hit me.

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4 to frighten (s.o.)
to cause someone to feel
frightened
tlis threats frightened me.

5 frightening I used to find being on my own at night reallyflighlening.

causing you to feel frightened

6 a fright The noise gave me a flight.

a moment of fear; a frightening
experience

7 scared 1 didn't say anything because 1 was scared.lThey were

frightened or worried scared that someone would hear them.lHe's scared of his
father.llle's scared of failing.lShels too scared to
complain.

8 to scare ( s o . ) His temper. scares her.

to cause someone to feel scared

9 scary Did you see the late film last night? Scary, wasn'l it.?
frightening

10 a scare What are you doing standing there in the dark like rhat?
a frightening experience You gave me quite a scare.llt was only a mild heart
attack, hut enough to give him a scare.
 Unit 15 FrightenedITerrified

I 1 terrified It was an awhl flight - I was rerrified.lHe spent the next

extremely frightened two weeks moving from one place to another. terrified that
someone would recognise him.ltfe's terrified of heights.11
was terrified of having an accident.11 was terrified to tell
him the truth.

12 to terrify (s.o.) The thought of dying tert-ifres me.

to cause someone to feel terrified

13 terrifying It was a terrifying journey because he's such a had driver.

causing you to feel terrified

14 terror lie watched in terror as the man pulled out a gun

enormous fear

15 petrified They're penlfred to go out because they live in such a

terrified; so frightened that you violent area./She held her hag tightly, petrified that
can hardly move someone would fry to steal it.

16 to petrify (s.o.) Those big police dogs petrib me

to cause someone to feel petrified

17 petrifying Being on my own in a strange country was petri'ing at

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causing you to feel petrified first.

18 to fear (s.o./sth; that ...) He didn't take the risk because he feared the
to be afraid of someone or consequences./l fear (that) 1'11 never see him again.11
something; to worry that haven't had the exam results yet but I fear the worst.
something (unpleasant) may
happen or have already happened

19 for fear of (doing sth) I said nothing for fear of starting un argument.
because of not wanting something
(unpleasant) to happen

20 to dread (sthldoing sth) I dread these weekly visits from the doctor.lShe dreads
to fear greatly; to be very afraid getting his letters in case they're bad news.ll'm dreadin,?
of something that is going to the interview tomorrow.
happen or may happen

21 I dread to think I dread to think what he'll say when I tell him what really
I hate to imagine happened.

22 not to dare ( ( t o )do sth) I wouldn'r dare (to) argue with mj boss - he'd fire rne.11
not to have the courage to do daren't ask her for any more money.lWe were all so
something; to be too afraid to do fr-ightened of her that we didn't dare (to) complain.
something
U n i t 15 FrightenedITerrified

23 not to have the nerve ( t o do sth) I ~ ~ o u l d nhave

't the ne1.L.e to argue ~ ~ i 11in1.11
t h hu\.en't got
not to have the courage to do the ner\,e to ask him.iNohod\, had the ner\,e to tell her she
something u ~ wrong.
s

U n i t 15 E x e r c i s e s
15.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , 8 . C 01-D ) which hest completes euch senrerice.
1 The thought of another world war is a .............. prospect.
A scaring B dreading C frightened D terrifying
2 The documentary gave him such a ............... that he gave up smoking immediately.
A terror B fear C fright D dread
?I He didn't really mean i t . He only said i t to .......... you
A dread B frighten C fear D afraid
4 I'm not going to visit him because I have a ............... of hospitals
A fright B scare C fear D dare
5 I wouldn't ............... talk to people in such a rude way in case they hit me.
ti nerve B dare C dread D fear
6 He didn't react to the film at all but i t me.
...............
A terrorised B dreaded C terrified D feared
7 He didn't tell anyone because he was ............... that nobody would believe him.

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A feared B dared C afraid D frightening
8 The thought of being trapped in a tire .............. me.
A terrors B fears C petrifies D dreads
9 The smell of hospitals fills her with ..........
A terror B afraid C scare D petrify
10 1 ............. being attacked. I hope it never happens.
A scare B daren't C dread D petrify
1 1 I was absolutely ................ I t took me ages to stop shaking.
A dreaded B petrified C feared D scary
12 I t was a(n) .............. moment. I thought something terrible was going to happen.
A afraid B scaring C scary D dreading
13 The car gave me ................ I thought it was going to hit me.
A a scare B a terror C a fear D scare
14 The look on his face when he attacked me was absolutely ............. ! I ' l l never forget it
A scaring B petrifying C fearing D afraid
15 I'm ................ Don't leave me alone in this awful place.
A scared B dreading C fearing D dreadful
16 I'm ............... that something terrible's going to happen if I'm not very careful.
A scary B frightened C dreaded D feared
17 He was ............ that someone would find out he'd been stealing
A terrific B dreaded C dreadful D terrified
 U n i t 15 E x e r c i s e s

15.2 Ebr each of the sentences b e l o ~ l ,rite u neM1scnfetice U S similar as possible in nrcutiit~~ to fhr.
ot-iginul senrencv. but using the mvor-r( given. This ~vor-dniust not he ulfet.ed in U I I ) . MU!.
~XAMPL.E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
There's n o point rn a,-guing; I ' v e made up t77y mind.
ANSWER ...........................
.....................................................
1 I didn't have the courage to tell him what I really thought.
dare

2 Some people don't go out because of the amount of crime.

frightened

3 He frightens me.
afraid

4 I said nothing because I thought that I might offend her.

fear

5 They have three locks on the door because they don't want to be burgled.
afraid

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6 The prospect of making that speech at the wedding tomorrow terrifies me.
dreading

7 1 agreed with him because I didn't want to make the situation even worse.
scared

8 I don't know what's going to happen but I'm very pessimistic.

worst

9 I'm being very careful because I don't want to make a mistake.

frightened

10 The thought frightens me.

frightening

1 1 I don't want to imagine how much it's going to cost.

dread

12 When I think what the world might be like in twenty years' time I feel frightened.
scares
Unit 15 Exercises

13 1 wouldn't dare say a thing like that.

nerve

14 Guns terrify me.

terrified

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Unit 16 Happy/Willing
1 happy
a (about sthlthat ...) She's such a happy child.11 hope you'll both he very happy
feeling good (especially because together.lHe's happy about getting the job he wanted.ll'm
something good has happened or so happy that you've changed your mind about leaving.
because life in general is good)
b giving pleasure Those were the happiesr days of my 1ife.lTheir marriage
has always been very happy.
c (about a situationlwith sth) She's not very happy about the rime it's taking him to
satisfied that something is good or finish the job.lllm happy with the progress you're making.
right
d (for s.o.) Congratulations on getting your new job. I ' m so happy for
happy because someone else is you.
happy
2 happiness At last she has found happiness.
the feeling of being happy

3 pleased / expect you'll be pleased to get back to work again afrer

happy or satisfied (especially so long, won't you?lWhat are you looking so pleased
because of something good that about?l/'m really pleased you could come.lAre you pleased
has happened) with your new car?lHe's been promoted and I'm pleased
for him.

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4 to please (s.o.)
to cause someone to feel pleased
It pleases me to see her so happy.ltfe's a difficult man to
please.

5 pleasing It's quite pleasing to be finally proved right.

causing you to feel pleased

6 pleasure I get a lor of pleasure fi-om music.

the feeling of being pleased

7 a pleasure It's been a pleasure talking to you.

an enjoyable experience

8 glad I'm glad you phoned. I've been tcyin,q to ring you all
pleased and happy morning.lI'm glad to heat- that y o ~ ' \ ~changed
e your mind
about leaving.

9 satisfied (with sth) I don't want to change my job - I'm satisfied with the one
happy because you have what you I've got.
want or need, or because
something is good enough for you

10 to satisfy (s.0.) You're always complaining. Nothing ever seems to satisfy

to cause someone to feel satisfied you.
Unit 16 HappyJWilling

I I satisfying What you need is u satisfyir7g rneul.lGetting niy frrsr hook

causing you to feel satisfied published was a very satisj~itl;:expel-;en(-e.

12 satisfactory f i e didn't give me a satisfac.ro~:\. e.rplanation.

good enough for a particular
purpose; acceptable

13 satisfaction She gers a lot c,f sarisfacriot~from her job.

the feeling of being satisfied

14 excited (about sth) I ' m excited ubout going on h o l i d a ~romorroM.

full of energy and happiness
(because of something that is
happening or going to happen)

15 exciting It M!as a really exciting matc.h.11 find London a really

causing you to feel excited exciting city.

16 excitement The discovery has caused gt-ear exc.iten~el~ramongsf

the state of being excited scientists.lLije is so boring at the moment - I need some
excsitement.

17 delighted I'm delighted with my new flat.lThank ~ o fir

u rhe

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very pleased or excited

18 delightful
very pleasant; lovely
i~~\litation
- we'd he deliglzred ro c.ome.

That was a delightjul meal. thank you.

19 thrilled I'm thrilled for you. Congratulutiotzs!iShe's thrilled about

extremely pleased and excited meeting the Queen next week.

20 thrilling It was a thrilling game of football - one of the most

very exciting exciting I've evet- seen.

21 a thrill She gets a real thrill out of par-achucing.IMeering the

a strong feeling of excitement; a Prime Minister was an enormous thi.ill.
very exciting experience

22 cheerful fie's alu~ayscheerf~tl- nothing gets him dow~r.

happy and lively

23 to cheer ( s o . ) up Cheer up! Things aren't chat had.11 was feeling a ~ f u lso
,
to stop (someone) being unhappy your phone call really cheered me up.

24 to enjoy (sthldoing sth) 1 enjoy good .food.// enjoy meeting neM, people
to get pleasure from something

25 to enjoy yourself He didn't wunt to leave the party because he ~ , a enjoying

s
to be happy because of what you himself so much.
are doing
 U n i t 16 H a p p y I W i l l i n g

26 enjoyable It wus a good party - I had a very e n j o y ~ ~ h e~.enin~q.

le
giving pleasure

27 enjoyment The had eathe her spoiled out. etijo~nirntcf the h o l i d n ~ .

the feeling of enjoying something

28 to have a good time I had a good tinle ulhile I ~ , a . cin England.

to enjoy yourself

29 to look forward to (sthldoing sth) I ' m really looking foru,ard to the c~onc~evt.iWe've
both
to feel happy or excited about a looking forward to going on holiday nexf nmnth.
future event

30 to be willing ( t o d o sth) I ' m ~1illingto MW-khard because I htant to d o the job

not to mind doing something; to well.iHe wasn't ~ ~ i l l i ntog wait so he left.
be ready or prepared to do
something

3 1 willingness His uillingness to work hard was noticed h~ the boss.

the state of being willing

32 to be happylpleasedlglad to do 1'11 he happy to gi1'e you any help you might need.11
sth glad to he of some assistance.1Our representat~ve ill he
to be very willing to do pleased to answer any enquiries you may have.

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something

33 to be prepared to do sth I ' m not in a hurry - I ' m prepared to wail.

to be willing to do something

U n i t 16 Exercises
16.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , R. C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 The children were ............... with the toys you sent. In fact they haven't stopped playing with
them!
A satisfied B excited C thrilled D glad
2 She won't be ............... until she gets what she wants.
A satisfied B excited C thrilled D glad
3 He was clearly ............... to see her again.
A delightful B delighted C cheerful D cheered
4 Are you ............... you came? Have you had a good time?
A cheerful B glad C excited D cheered
5 1 don't know what was wrong with her tonight. She's usually quite ................
A pleased B glad C cheerful D satisfied
6 My first time in an aeroplane was a real ............... for me.
A happiness B satisfaction C excitement D thrill
Unit 16 Exercises

16.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word that fits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting dl~c~sst~ln
about football. DISCUSS
1 Thank you for a very ............................. evening. ENJOY
2 If your work is ............................. , you will get a longer contract. SATISFY
3 He showed great ............................ to compromise. WILLING
4 It was a .............................experience which I shall never forget. THRILL
5 She gets a lot of .......................... from reading. ENJOY
6 What a .............................place! DELIGHT
7 Seeing her play performed for the first time gave her a great sense of ..............................
SATISFY
8 It's quite an ........................ ... film because you don't know what's going to happen until the end.
EXCITE
9 Are you going to Germany on business or for ......................... ? PLEASE
10 I'm bored. I need some .............................in my life. EXCITE
1I Money does not always bring .............................. HAPPY

16.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

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1 I don't want a bigger house. I'm happy ...............the one I've got.
2 I've just heard about your engagement. I'm really happy ...............you.
3 Are you excited ............... leaving?
4 She's very pleased ............... getting the job. It's exactly what she wanted.
5 Congratulations! I'm very pleased ............... you.

16.4 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 I hope you have a good time.
enjoy

2 I bought myself a present because I wanted to stop myself feeling unhappy.

cheer

3 I don't mind discussing it with you.

willing
 Unit 16 Exercises

4 Did you enjoy yourself last night?

time

5 1 don't mind doing whatever you want me to do.

happy

6 It was good to see all my old friends again.

enjoyed

7 1 don't mind working hard. if that's what I have to do.

prepared

8 Do you like your new car?

pleased

9 She won't like me changing the arrangements.

~~-PPY

10 I'm very excited about seeing you next week.

looking
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Unit 17 Unhappy/Reluctant
1 unhappy (about sth) Cheer up! What hare you ~ o tot look so unhal,py ahou~:)l
not happy or satisfied She left bet-ause she was uchuppy ahour the ~ , a she'd
y
been treuted.

2 unhappiness After years of unhappiness, she's frr~alhfound something

the state of being unhappy she enjoys doing.

3 sad
a not happy; causing you to feel 1'11 he sud to leave because I'\*e made LI lor of good
unhappy friends her-e.lThefilm has got a very sud endin,q.il'm
ufiaid I'w got some sad news for- yo^.
b very unfortunate I think ir's sad thur some people are forc,ed to sleep on the
streets.

4 sadness I left with u feeling of sadness.

the feeling of being sad

5 miserable I've had a miserable day today - nothing has gone right.
very unhappy

6 misery t f i s face was a picture of misery

the state or feeling of being very
unhappy

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7 depressed
very unhappy and without hope
She's been rather depressed recetztly
family problems.
- I think she's ,qot

(often over a long period of time)

8 to depress (s.o.) Thut programme about the famine in Afiicu really

to cause someone to feel depressed me.
depressed

9 depressing I hate winter - it's such a depressing time of jear

causing someone to feel depressed

10 depression She suffers from depression.

the state of being depressed;
extreme unhappiness

1 1 fed up (about sth) I'm fed up - it's been a tei-rible day and I just want to
unhappy and perhaps dissatisfied forget it.lWhat are you looking so fed up about?

12 to get (s.o.) down This terrible weather really gets me down.

to make someone unhappy
 Unit 17 U n h a p p y I R e l u c t a n t

13 upset (about sth) She got upset ulhen her boss told her thut her ~ . o r k us
unhappy. worried or emotionally no good./l'm upser uhout losing my diary bec.ar.rsc if htrcl
troubled (because something the phone numbers c$ all m y fi.iends in it.
unpleasant has happened to you
personally)

14 upsetting It's rely upsetting ro he ac.cxised of' stcalin~.

causing someone to be upset

15 to upset (LO.) It upset him uhen she said he looked stup~din his neM.
to cause someone to feel upset suir.

16 hurt I'm not angry. I'm just hurt that yoli didn't feel J O I ~ror,ild
in a state of emotional pain or trust me.
unhappiness (because someone
who you like has said or done
something unpleasant to you)

17 hurtful I know I said a lor c?f h~o-tfult h i n ~ sto you last night and I
unkind: causing someone to feel just want you to know that I'm sorry.
hurt

18 to hurt (s.0.) It hurt her parents when she said she neller ulanted ro sec
to cause someone to feel hurt
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them again.

19 disappointed (uboutlat a situation; She's verjJ disappointed at not getting in to universln.llfe

inlwith s.o./sth) was disappointed about his failure to get promotion.ll'rn
unhappy because what was disappointed in him - I t h o u ~ h the M1as hotzesr.lTI~eyu,ere
expected did not happen or was disappointed with the hotel, which had looked better in the
not as good as you had hoped for brochure.

20 to disappoint (s.0.) t f i s answer disappointed me. I had expected something

to cause someone to feel hetrer.
disappointed

2 1 disappointing It was a disappointing holiday. It rained ull the time.

causing you to feel disappointed

22 a disappointment The film was a huge disappointmenr.ll' \)e been u

a disappointing person or thing disappointment to my parents.lLife is full of
disappointments.

23 disillusioned (with s.o./sth) tie left his job because he was disillusioned with the
unhappy and disappointed as a whole profession.
result of learning that someone or
something that you believed in is
not as good as you thought
Unit 17 UnhappyIReluctant

24 moved They were ,moved by the pictures they saw of people dying
made to feel sadness or sympathy; of starvation.
emotionally affected

25 touched I was touched when they bought me a prpsenr because I

emotionally affected (especially wasn't expecting one.
because someone has been kind to
you)

26 lonely It's very easy to get lonely fi you live in a big city.
unhappy because you have no
friends

27 to miss (s.o./sth) She's in a foreign country and she misses her home and
to be unhappy because someone her family.
or something is not with you

28 reluctant (to do sth) I was reluctant to leave because I was haling a ,good time.
unwilling to do something and
therefore slow to do it

29 reluctance He finally apolo~isedbut with a great deal of ~.eluc.tance.

the feeling of not wanting to do
something: slowness to act
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because of being reluctant

30 to complain (to s.0. about sth/ She's always complaininl: because nothing's ever good
that ...) enough for her.11 complained to the manager about the
to say that you are unhappy or service.lHe complained that his meal was no1 properly
dissatisfied with something cooked.

3 1 a complaint We've received several complaints about your beha~iour.1

a statement of why you are t complainrs about the way I was treated.
I've ~ o no
unhappy or dissatisfied; a reason
to complain

32 to make a complaint I phoned the munager to make a complaint

to complain formally

33 to moan You're always moaning about something. If it's not your

to complain continually job, it's your flat. ,f it's not your flat, it's your car. If it's
(especially without having a very nor your car, it's some thin^ else.
good reason)
Unit 17 Exercises
17.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or Dl which best compleres each sentence.
1 It's very ............... that they've got so many problems, but I don't know what 1 can do about it.
A miserable B disappointing C sad D unhappy
2 He's been rather ............... since his wife died.
A alone B lone C lonely D solo
3 I was very ............... to receive your lovely letter.
A reluctant B upset C emotional D touched

4 We had to listen to him ...............about how he didn't have any money

A crying B mumbling C groaning D moaning
5 I'm not angry so much as ................ I don't expect friends to deceive me and you have done.
A moved B touched C hurt D depressed
6 A lot of people seem ............... the present government.
A disappointed about B disillusioned with C depressed by D deceived by
7 The film was very powerful and we were all ............... by it; in fact it made most of us cry!
A touched B moved C upset D fed up

17.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 I wonder what he's so unhappy ...............

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2 I'm disappointed ............... you. I thought I could rely on you but obviously I can't.
3 He's always complaining ............... something.
4 I'm fed ............... about not having any money.
5 Are you disappointed ...............losing?

17.3 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thatfirs
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting d!~~~f"!! about football. DISCL'SS
1 That was a very .......................... thing to say. HURT
2 It was a very ............................ experience and it took a long time to get over it. UPSET
3 That's one of the most .............................stories I've ever heard. DEPRESS
4 There's enough ............................. in the world without people making films about it. SAD
5 Has the doctor given you anything for your ..............................7 DEPRESS
6 It was with a certain amount of ............................. that he left. RELUCTANT
7 The food was rather .............................. DISAPPOINT
8 He's caused his parents a lot of ............................. . UNHAPPY
9 I didn't go out last night because I was ............................. and I didn't want to see anyone.
DEPRESS
10 You're always .............................. Isn't there anything that makes you happy? MISERY
U n i t 17 Exercises

17.4 For each of the senfences helow, u3rirecr neB1senrenre us similar as pos.rihle in n?eatrin<r:ro rhe
original sentence hut usin8 the word gil-eil. This ~3or.dmust nor he alrer.ed i n an! rltu!.
~ X A M P L ~It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
There's no p o ~ t l lI I I urgurng; I'\.? made u p my mrr~d
AYSWF..K ...................
...... ....................................................
1 If you want to express your dissatisfaction. you'll have to see the manager.
complaint

2 1 don't want to criticise him because he's a good friend of mine.

reluctant

3 When I was away, I wished that my family were with me.

missed

4 Her job is making her miserable.

down

5 We were expecting her to win, so we were upset when she didn't.

disappointment

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Part 1
1 interested ( i n sthlin doing sth) Don't tell me aholrt ~ 0 1 1 1 proh1em.r
. - I'nl tlot itrtei.~stc~d.i

having or showing a desire to She's ulw~uysheen q ~ i l e~nte/.estedin I ) I I A . s I ( . . / Ut 'h~~' In.k~~ n g

know or learn more about of going to the tl7euti.e toniot.i-ow i~i,qllt.Arc2 \.olr intrrr~strd
something, to give your attention in coming?
to it or to do it
Note: interested + infinitive = I ' m it~tn-estedit7 reuding. ( = I'm interested in the activity
interested by what you learn or of reading.)
discover. Verbs frequently used in I was interested to reud your lPtte/..( = 1 was interested by
this construction include to see, t o what I read.)
hear, to find out. to know., to read
etc.

2 to interest (s.0.) Football doesn't interest nie./lt ma\. inlet-est j.olr to k17ow'
to cause someone to be interested [hut rhejilm you w,ere tulking ubout is on TV ne,\t ~t,eek.

3. interesting S h e ' s 1,er~intelvsting - I c,ould listen to her for horrrs.ilt's

causing you to be interested an interesting hook./That's un interestin~qqiwstion.

4 interest ( i n sth) t i e didn't show, much rntel-est in u,hat I as s a j i n ~ . / T h e

the state or feeling of being play u,as roo long - w'e wet-e all beginning to lose interest
interested by the end./Anyone wlith a n inte/-est in the future of out-
planet should read this book.lYour p1.oh1en1.rare qf no

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5 an interest
interest to me.

tiis only intelvsr at the moment seems to be watching

something that you give your time teler.ision.lWe get 0 1 7 w,ell because MJe share the same
and attention to, and that you interests.
enjoy doing or learning about

6 enthusiastic (about sth) 'Are we going to Richu/-d's put.(?: tonight?' - ' I suppose
very interested, excited and so' - 'Well, you don't sound 1,ety enthusiastic.. Don't you
positive about something, in such blant to go?'/She's enthusiastic about her new job.
a way that it shows in how you
talk and behave

7 enthusiasm (for sth) Her speech Mias rec~eired~ i t eh n t h ~ ~ s i a sby

m the c r o ~ ~ d . 1
the state or feeling of being She didn't show much enthusiasm for any of my
enthusiastic suggestions.

8 fascinated Go o n , finish your story. I ' m fascit~ated - what happened

extremely interested; unable to rzexr?/fiaving n e w r been to n foreign country before, she
take your attention away from was fascinated by eve~.ythingshe saw.
something

9 to fascinate (s.0.) I've been to the e.xhihitior? seleral times because some of
to cause someone to be fascinated the paintings fascinate nze./She fascitzates me - I ulonder
what she's I- ally like.
Unit 18 Interested/Enthusiastic/Bored

10 fascinating Rome is a fascinatin~ city.llt's been fascinating talking to

causing you to be fascinated you.lHe's had a fascinating life - you should hear some of
his stories.

1 1 fascination The children watched in fascination as the egg cracked

the state or feeling of being open and a tiny creature emerged.lYour little boy seems to
fascinated have a fascination with that box - he's beet7 playing with
it for hours.

12 obsessed (withlby s.o./sth) He's completely obsessed by her.lSheSsobsessed with the

able only to think about one thing, thought of death.
and nothing else; interested in an
unhealthy way

13 an obsession For many people. football isn't simply an interest - it is un

something with which you are obsession.
obsessed

14 fanatical (about sth) tier boss is fanatical about p u t ~ c t u a l i ~ . l W h e ~ he

~ e ~went.
~er
excessively enthusiastic about Elvis Presley was greeted by fanatical crowds.
something in a way that is
considered to be unreasonable

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15 a fanatic He's a fitness funaric and is always doing some kind c?f
a person who is fanatical about sport.
something

16 to be into (sth) She's really into politics.ll'm not so keen on going to the
(colloquial) to be very interested cinema these days. I'm more into the theatre.
in something

Part 2
1 bored (with sthlwith doing sth) I'm bored. Let's go out, shall we?lShe soon got bored with
dissatisfied because you have her new toys.ll'm bored with talking about this - can't we
nothing to do; not interested and change the subject?
therefore not wanting to continue
with something

2 to bore (s.o.) To tell you the truth, politics bores me.11 hope I ' m not
to cause someone to be bored boring you, am I?

3 boring What an incredibly boring evening that ~las!lHe'sa rzrther

causing you to be bored boring speaker, isn't he?// live a pretty boring life -
nothing exciting ever happens to me.

4 boredom The worst thing about the job is the boredom.

the state of being bored
 U n i t 18 Interested/Enthusiastic/Bored

5 a bore
a a person who bores other She's such a bore - all she eve). talks about is work.
people, especially by talking too
much about something in an
uninteresting way
b something that is boring or The meeting was a bore - it seemed to go on for a,qes./l
annoying find shopping a real bore.

6 to bore (s.o.) stifflto deathlto I was bored stiff by the conversation.1She bo~.esme to
tears death when she starts talking about all her child/-en./The
to bore someone very much film bored me to tears.

7 fed up (with sthlwith doing sth) I ' m fed up with this book - nothing's happened in the last
bored with something, especially thirty pages.// got fed up with waiting for him, so I Ieji.
something that you have had too
much of or that has been
continuing for too long

8 dull lie's one of the dullest people I'lle e\'et. met - his
boring and unexciting c,onversation can send you to sleep!/l come from a I-ather
dull town where tzothing much ever happens.

U n i t 18 Exercises
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18.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or Dl which best completes each sentence
1 He's ............... his health, and takes dozens of vitamins every day.
A obsessed in B fascinated by C fanatical about D enthusiastic about
2 I'm not really ............... this kind of music. I prefer music you can dance to.
A in B for C into D with
3 She's ............... with the idea that somebody is following her. I think she ought to see a
psychiatrist.
A enthusiastic B fascinated C obsessed D fanatical
4 It was a very ............... evening. Nothing really happened. ,
A dull B fed up C disinterested D bored
5 Many young children have a(n) ............... with fire.
A interest B obsession C fascination D enthusiasm
6 He's a really ............... person. He talks all the time but he never says anything interesting
A bored B boring C fed up D annoyed

18.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word that fits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this Mtaj.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting d!.~.!!.!!!~about football. DISCIJSS
1 I thought it was a fantastic idea at first but I've lost some of my now.
..........................
ENTHUSIASTIC
2 I t was a ............................. place and I'd like to have been able to stay longer. FASCINATE
U n i t 18 Exercises

3 The thing I hate most about being unemployed is the . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BORING

4 I wish you'd show some ....................... in this matter, because it's important. INTERESTING
5 It's worrying to think what might happen if such weapons fell into the hands of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
FANATICAL
6 Tennis started as a hobby for him but it's become an ......................... now. OBSESSED
7 The whole evening was a ............................ and I couldn't wait to leave. BORING
8 Her ........................... include swimming and reading. INTERESTING

18.3 Fbr euch c?f the sentences helow, write a neM, sentence a.r sin~ilarus pos.rihle in tneuning l o ~hc'
originul sentence. hut using the war-a' giwn. This ~ * o rmust
d not he ultered in an! M.LI?.
EXAM PI.^. It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
AYSWtR
There's n o portzt in ar,qu~t~g, 1 ' ) mud^
~ u p t7zy n~lnd
................................................................................
1 I found the stories she told me very interesting.
fascinated

2 He sounded as if he was really looking forward to staying with us for the weekend.
enthusiastic

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3 Making money interests him more than anything else.
interested

4 I've lost interest in this programme; let's watch something else.

bored

5 I t would interest me to know why it happened.

interested

6 She gets bored with things very quickly.

bore

7 Is there anything in that magazine that you're interested in?

interests

8 I find grammar exercises extremely boring.

stiff

9 I've lost interest in going to the same places all the time.
fed up
Unit 19 Jealous/Resentful
I jealous
a (of s.o./sth) If he's rude to you, it's only because I ~ e ' jealous./She's
s
unhappy and angry because ulupays been rather jealous of her older sisrel..IE~~er.yhod~'.\
someone has what you want; jealous cf his success.
wanting to have what someone
else has
b unhappy and angry because He xets incredibly jealous if he sees his ~ , $ etalking to
you think that someone is being other men.
too intimate with someone who
you feel belongs to you

2 jealousy The motive ))I- the murder seems to hu1.e been jenlousy.
the feeling of being jealous

3 envious (of s.o./sth) I'm envious of their l f e s ~ l e I.f o t ~ l yI could afford to live
wishing that you could have what like that.ltfe's envious of hi.? brothel-.
someone else has or that you
could be like them

4 to envy (s.o./sth) I really enL,j her. I wish I had so many jiiends.il enl7yhis
to feel envious of someone or derermlnation.ll don't envy you the long dri~tehome. (=
something I'm glad I don't have to do it.)

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5 envy
the feeling of being envious
He looked at his fiiend's brand neM3car with obvious
enLy.

6 bitter (about stn) He's still bitter about the way he ulasforced lo leave his
angry because you feel that you job.
have been badly treated

7 bitterness She still talks about him with birterne.c.s.I don't think
the feeling of being bitter she'll ever forgive him for what he did to her.

8 resentful She's resentj%l about the way she's been treated at work.
angry or bitter about something
that you think is unfair

9 to resent (sthldoing sth) She resents his interference.11 resent having to work when
to be angry or bitter about everyone else is on holiday.
something that you think is unfair

10 resentment The offer of a five per cent pay increase, when the
the feeling of being resentful management are getting ten per. cent, has caused a great
deal of resentment amongst the work force.
Unit 19 JealousIResentful

1 1 to have a chip on your shoulder He's got a chip on his shoulder about not being as
to feel bitter or resentful because intelligent as his brother.
you feel that you are inferior or
that you have been treated
unfairly

12 spiteful I'm sure she only said she didn't like my new hairstyle to
wanting to hurt or annoy someone be spiteful.lThat's a spitefil thing to say!
who has hurt you or who you do
not like

13 to spite (s.o.) The child carried on shouting to spite his parents

(usually only used in the
infinitive) to hurt or annoy
someone deliberately

14 to havelbear a grudge (against She haslhears a grudge against the company and will
s.o.) never forgive them for the way they treated her.
to continue to feel bitter towards
someone who has hurt you in the
past

15 to begrudge (s.o. sth) I begrudge him his promotion - I'm the one who should

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to feel that someone does not
deserve what they have got, and
feel resentful about it
have got it, not him.11 don't begrudge her her high salary
- she works hard.

16 a grievance Her main grievance is that she isn't treated as an equal at

something that you feel is unfair work.
and that you have reason to
complain about

17 revenge
a (on s o . ) The terrorist attack was an act of r-e\?enge.l/lerook revenge
something that is done in order to on all his former enemies.
hurt someone who has hurt you
(and which gives you satisfaction)
b (in sport) victory following a It's always disappointing to lose, hut we'll get our revenge
defeat in next year's final.

18 to get your own back (on LO.) One day I'll get my own hack on them for the terrible way
to get revenge on someone they treared me.

19 to retaliate Ile hit me, so I retaliated and hit him back.

to do something bad to someone
in return for them having done
something bad to you
Unit 19 Exercises
19.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or D)which best completes each sentence.
1 She's still very bitter ............... what happened.
A about B with C of D for
2 He put salt in her coffee to ............... her.
A revenge B begrudge C retaliate D spite
3 Any employee who has a complaint or ............... should take the matter to his or her manager.
A resentment B bitterness C grievance D revenge
4 He slapped me and I ............... by kicking him.
A revenged myself B avenged C retaliated D resented
5 She gets ............... if her husband goes out with other women.
A envious B resentful C jealous D bitter
6 I bear no ............... against him, despite what he did to me.
A resentment B bitterness C grievance D grudge
7 He swore that he would get his ............... on the men who had hurt him.
A spite B revenge C retaliation D resentment

19.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can he used toform a word thatfits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting ~!!FU!.?!!!!!
about football. DISCUSS

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2
1 I have always ............................. your lifestyle.
............................ can be a dangerous emotion.
ENVIOUS
JEALOUS
3 The teacher tends to have favourites which causes a lot of .............................
amongst the other pupils. RESENT
4 Children can be very .............................. SPITE
5 The incident left him with feelings of anger and .............................. BITTER
6 I was green with ............................. when 1 saw her new house. ENVIOUS

19.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, hut using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
There's no point in arguing: I've made up my mind
................................................................................
1 She's angry that she is treated like the office slave.
resents

2 He feels bitter and inferior because he didn't go to university.

chip
U n i t 19 Exercises

3 He got revenge on her.

own

4 They resent not getting paid what they think they should be paid.
resentful

5 1 don't feel resentful towards her - she deserves her success.

begrudge

6 I envy their happy relationship.

envious

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Unit 20 s o r r y
1 to be sorry
a (ubout sthlfo do sthlrhat ...) I ' m .rol-t.y about llzsr night - ir us ni\. Jirri1t:l MU.\ .\ot.t.\. lo
to feel regret or unhappiness hear about you1 pt-oblen~s.Cut? 1 help."ll'm sot.t.\. ( / h u t )
about something l ' n ? late.1l'm sorry (rhar) j>ou didtl't etijoj. rhe ,filnr.ll'rn
.sorry if I offetlded you - I didn'r meat1 to he tutle
b (for sthfir doing sth) l ' m sorry for ~ l h a r1 sclid./l'n~.\ot.t.j.fot. shorrtitrg ut yori -- 1
to regret something bad that you M>U.Y feeling tired.
have done
c ( t o d o sth) I ' m sor,lv to say this bur I think jou't-e t u l k i t l ~t.lihhr.rh.i
to regret having to do something, I ' m sort:\' lo tell you that you'\,e Jailed yo1~1.e.vuni.
because the other person will not
like i t

2 to betfeel sorry for (s.0.) I'm .rorryfor him - he's got a lot ofprohleni.r.11 ,feel sot.t.\.
to feel sympathy or pity for f i r her, being n~arriedto a man like hinr.
someone

3 to apologise (for sthlfor doing sth) She apologisedfor her hpha\,iour.itie apologised Jot.
to say that you are sorry keepin8 me wuiring.

4 an apology 1 owe you an apology - I was rude to you.1l've uc~ceptecl

a statement that you are sorry his upology und so the s u b ~ e c ti.r closed.

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5 an excuse
a reason, often false for why you
have or have not done something.
That's rhe third tin?<yor~'vebeen lute this
your excuse this time?
M ~ I -
( M,~UI'S

or why you cannot do something

6 to make a n excuse I didn't want to talk to lzin~.so 1 mclde ur7 ex-cuse. I sard 1
was busy.

7 I'm afraid (that ...) I ' m afraid (that) I won't be able to c,ome ror~i~ht.i'Could I
I am sorry to have to tell you speak to Mr Richards?' - ' t i e ' s oiit at the monlenr. I'n7
(that ...) afraid. Can I take a m e s s a g e ? ' / ' t ~ a vyou
e seen nij ~ . a t c h
anywhere?' - 'I'n? a f r a d not.'

8 to regret (thut ...) I regrer that 1 ill be unable to atrend your- ~ ' e d d i t l g .
Cformal) to be sorry

U n i t 20 Exercises
20.1 Fill each c$ the blanks with one suitable word.

1 I .............. sorry ............... her. She's had a terrible life.

2 He said he was sorry ............... the mistake and that it would never happen again.
3 1 didn't want to go out with them so I ............... an ............... and told them I had to work late.
4 Your behaviour was disgraceful. We demand an immediate .
U n i t 20 Exercises

5 There's no need to ................ It wasn't your fault.

6 I'm terribly sorry ...............causing you so much trouble.

20.2 For each of the sentences below, wrire a new sentence as similat- as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, hut using the word given. This word musr not he altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguin,g; I'l8emade up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 I'm sorry, but I'm rather busy at the moment.
afraid

2 He said that he was sorry he hadn't told me before.

apologised

3 I didn't like leaving that house because 1 liked living there.

sorry

4 We won't be able to come to your party and we're sorry.

regret

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5 I feel bad about having to inform you that we no longer need you.
sorry
Unit 21 Surprised/Shocked
1 surprised (at S.O. (for doing sth); She had a surprised look on her face.lWe were all
atlby sth; that ...) surprised to hear thar you're leaving./l'm not surprised
experiencing or showing surprise that she left him.lShe seemed surprised by his reaction./
I'm surprised at you for saying such things.

2 to surprise (s.o.) So many strange things have happened recently (hat

to cause someone to feel surprised nothing surprises me any more.

3 surprising It was a surprising thing for him to say, considering h o ~ l

causing you to feel surprised polite he usually is.

4 surprise Imagine my surprise when she told me that she was not
the feeling caused by something only pregnant, hut expecting twins!
unexpected or unusual happening

5 a surprise The present was a complete surprise.

an unexpected or surprising event

6 to come as a surprise (to s.o.) His bank statement came as a surprise to him because he
to cause someone to be surprised thought he had more money in his account.llr comes as no
surprise to me that she failed, considering that she didn't
do any work.

7 astonished (atlhy sth; that ...) She was astonished at the lack of security at the airport.l
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very surprised about something I'm astonished thut you don't know the name of our Prime
Minister.

8 to astonish (s.o.) I t astonishes me that she made such a bad decision.

to cause someone to feel
astonished

9 astonishing It's astonishing that such an unfair- system can he allowed

causing you to feel astonished to exist.

10 amazed (at S.O. (for doing sth); We were all amazed to learn how old he was.ll'm really
atlhy sth; that ...) quite amazed that you haven't heard of him.ll'm amazed
so surprised about something that at how much things have changed recently.1l'm amazed at
you find it difficult to believe her for making such a stupid mistake.

1 I to amaze (s.o.) You amaze me!llt always amazes me how young she looks
to cause someone to feel amazed for her age.

12 amazing What amazing news!// find her ignorance amazing.

causing you to feel amazed

13 incredible Havc you heard the news - isn't it incredible?

very surprising and difficult to
believe
U n i t 21 SurprisedIShocked

14 shocked (atlbj sth) A shocked silence fillouud the announc~ementcf the

unpleasantly surprised, upset or President's death.lShe was shocked u.hetr he told h c ~that .
offended he wanted a di\~orce.lMy.father's not ea.ri!\. .shoc.kecl. hut
elVenhe thought rhe j l m us ob.rcene.

15 to shock (s.0.) It shocked him to see h o ~ill

? she had hec.ome.lThe
to cause someone to be shocked programme shocked many rieuvrs u-ith its ~*iolenc.c>
c;nd
bad language.

16 shock She wasn't injured in [he ac~-ident,hut she M5as.suflct.ltr,y

the strong emotional disturbance from shock.
caused when something unpleasant
happens

17 a shock It came us u c.omplete .shock to me hen they told me I'd

an unpleasant surprise lost my job.

18 staggered ( u t l h ~sth) The u.hole country u'a.7 staggered by the sug~estionof a

extremely surprised and shocked sc.undal within the Royal Fami1y.ll M-assraggered at the
because something is hard to prices in that shop.
believe (often the size. amount or
extent of something)

19 staggering The mistake is c.alculated to h a w cost the (,ompuny a

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causing you to feel staggered sta~gering£47,000,000.11find it absolutely staggering that
so many people are our of work in such a prosperous
country.

20 shattered He was shattet-ed by the death of his father- - they were

shocked and extremely upset \)e,y calo.re.
because of a personal tragedy

2 1 shattering The news that the fac*tot-y was to close clearly had a
causing you to feel shattered shattering effect on her.

22 stunned She was stunned to hear that she had Mxon the
so shocked or surprised by c.onzpetition.1He was completely stunned by their
something (pleasant or unpleasant) accusations.
that you are unable to speak or
react

23 speechless She was .so delighted by the diamond ring he had bought
unable to speak because of her that she was speechless./His rudeness 1eJ h ( ~ r
surprise. shock or anger speec.hless.

24 startled She had a startled look on her fac.e./l M,as startled uphen
surprised and often slightly the dog started harking.
frightened by a sudden noise or
movement
 U n i t 21 S u r ~ r i s e d I S h o c k e d

25 to startle (s.o.) She startled him by creeping up behind him and touchin8
to cause someone to be startled him on the shoulder-.

26 to make (s.o.) jump The bit in the film her-e the hand .sudd(~nI,vcot?les
to startle someone crashing through the M'iildo~'r-eall~made me jump.

27 to take (s.o.) by surprise I ~ l a s n ' expecting

t her until e i ~ h ro'caloc.k,so
it rook me h,v
to surprise someone by happening surprise when, at half past six, the doorhell rang.lThe rurn
unexpectedly took us entirely by surprise.

28 to catch (s.o.) off guard My question about her boyfi-iend seemed to catc*hher off
to surprise someone by doing guard.11 was caught off guard by their arrival. as I'd only
something when they are not just got up.
expecting it

29 to catch (s.o.) unawares I was caught unawares by pour phonecall and didn'r know
to catch someone off guard what to say.lAm I too early? I hope I haven't caught you
unawares.

30 to take (s.0.) aback I was rather taken aback when my fi\>e-year-old niece
to surprise or shock someone in asked me where babies camefr-om!lHer atlg':)!outburst
such a way that for a moment took me aback.
they are unable to say anything

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31 out of the blue
suddenly and unexpectedly
'Were you expecting promotion' - 'No, it came right out of
the blue.'lShe arrived out of the blue.lThey offered me the
job completely out of the blue.

32 no wonder ' I told him I thought he was an idiot.' - 'No wonder he

an expression meaning that doesn't talk to you anymore!'
something is not surprising in
view of the circumstances

Unit 21 Exercises
21.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D )which best completes each sentence.
1 I'm surprised ............... you. You're not normally as rude as you were tonight.
A by B for C with D at
2 Her divorce was a(n) ............... experience for her and she still hasn't fully recovered
A stunning B staggering C shattering D amazing
3 By a(n) ............... stroke of luck. she survived the crash.
A amazing B shocking C shattering D surprised
4 People were ............... the terrible pictures of the crash victims in the newspapers.
A shocked with B startled for C shocked by D amazed of
5 She was ............... the traffic in the city. She had never seen so many cars before.
A amazed at B surprised for C astonished with D surprised of
Unit 21 Exercises

6 It was a very quiet night so the sudden noise of breaking glass ............... me.
A shattered B staggered C startled D jumped
7 The Sears Tower in Chicago is a ...............443 metres high.
A speechless B surprising C staggering D shattering
8 We were all ............... at how well she spoke English.
A astonished B shattered C shocked D incredible
9 I'm still too ............... his sudden outburst to know what to say.
A stunned with B shattered at C stunned by D speechless by
10 A friend I hadn't seen for a long time rang me up, which was a very nice ................
A shock B surprise C wonder D astonishment
11 I was ............... by his lack of intelligence. I couldn't believe anyone could be so stupid.
A shattered B staggered C speechless D startled
12 She was in ............... for several days after the accident.
A surprise B shatter C shock D wonder
13 I was ............... when her face suddenly appeared at the window.
A shattered B staggered C startled D jumped
14 He was ............... the news that he was going to be made redundant.
A shattered by B speechless by C shattered from D incredible a1
15 It doesn't ............... me that you got annoyed. I would have felt the same.

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A shatter B stagger C surprise D startle
16 He finished the job with ............... speed.
A shattering B astonishing C stunning D shocking
17 She hoped that her question might catch him off ................
A unawares B guard C aback D defence
18 It's ............... - not only do Steven and I have the same surname, but we also share the same
birthday and both drive Fiat Pandas!
A stunning B surprised C incredible D surprising
19 It ...............me how she manages to put up with him.
A amazes B startles C stuns D shatters
20 His reaction took me ............... surprise.
A off B for C by D in
21 It's ............... how difficult it is, considering how easy it looks.
A surprising B shocking C startling D stunning
 Unit 21 E x e r c i s e s

2 1.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
................................................................................
1 The offer to go and work in Brazil was a complete surprise.
blue

2 I'm not surprised that he's got money problems.

comes

3 I'm not at all surprised that he looks so miserable - I've just found out that he's lost his job.
wonder

4 The sudden noise surprised me.

jump

5 1 was surprised by his rudeness.

aback

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6 I don't get shocked easily.
shock

7 I wasn't expecting you, so I haven't tidied the house yet.

unawares

8 I was so surprised that I couldn't say anything.

speechless

9 I was shocked when my friends suddenly decided to leave the country. ,rZ
shock
i
............................................................................................................................
ph
,r
Part 1
I to feel like (sthldoing sth) What do you feel like doing tonight?lI don't feel like ,yoiii~
to want something because o f the out.11 feel like a dt-ink.
way you are feeling at that time

2 to fancy (sthldoing sth) I fancy going to a night c-lub.11 don't fut7c.y see in^ that
to feel like film.lDo you fancy a cup of tea .?

3 to be in the mood (for sthlfor 'Do you feel like going ro see that film?' - ' N o . I'ni not in
doing sthlto do sth) the mood.'ll,er's sit down. I'm not in rhe mood to dance
to feel like something; to have the anymore.llAet'sgo out. I'm in the mood for sonle ji411.11
right feeling for something wusn't in the mood for arguing. so I said nothin,?.

4 I could do with (sth) I could do with somerhing to ear - I haven't earen all day.
i would very much like: I need

5 to be dying (for sthlto do sth) I'm dying fir u drink, I'm tet-rihly thirsrq..ll'rn dying to get
to want something very much home und see all my friends a,gain.

6 to be desperate (for sthlto do sth) I was desperate to go to bed becuuse I was so rit.ed.lHe9s
to want or need something very desperate for a job.
much

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Part 2
1 tobefondof
a (sthldoing sth) I'm not very fond cf c~hoc~)lute.lShe's
fond of giving orders.
to like
b (s.o./sth) Although I don't love him. I'm very fond of him.ll'm fond
to love in a gentle or sentimental of this car - it's always been L,ery reliable.
way

2 to be keen
a (on sthlon doing sth) I'm keen on this kind of work.11 get the feeling that you're
to like very much; to be interested not keen on working her-c. .
in something
b (to do sth) I wasn't keen to come at first, hut now I'm glad I did.lMy
to want to do something very father's keen for- me to become a doctor.
much

3 to be crazy about (s.o./sth) He's crazy about opem and lisrens to it all the time.
to like very much

4 to admire (s.o./sthfor sth) 1 really admire people like him ~ l h ogil'e up e~?eryrhingto
to like someone or something g o and work with the poor.lYou can't help admiring her
because o f the special qualities or determination.// admire her for not giving up.
abilities that they have
 Unit 2 2 W a n t / l , i k e / D i s l i k e

5 admiration (for s.o./sth) I'tVegot nothing hut admiration fr)r him.

the feeling of admiring

6 to have a high opinion of (s.o.1 Her teachers had a high opinion of her M.oI.X.
sth)
to think that someone or
something has excellent qualities;
to admire

7 to think highly of (s.o.1sth) Ifel boss thinks highly of her hecause she's vn-y good ut
to have a high opinion of someone her job.
or something

8 to think a lot of (s.o./sth) I've alwlajs thought u lot of her

to have a high opinion of someone
or something

9 to rave (about sth) They ra\bed ahout the place that rhej went to on holiday./
to speak enthusiastically about The c~l-iticsare all ra\,inl: about his new,film.
something: to describe something
as excellent

10 to be full of praise (for s.o./sth) He was full of praise for your work, in fact he said it Mpas
to say that someone or something the best thing he'd ever seen.
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has excellent qualities

1 1 to respect (s.o./sth) I don't like him much hut I respect him because he's good
to consider that someone or at his job./Muc+~as I respect your point of view, I rhink
something is important and you're wrong.
deserves attention

12 respect Cfor s.o./sth) I listen to what n7y parents tell me because !have a great
the belief that someone is deal of respect for them.lYou should treat other people's
important and should be respected properry with respect.

13 to look up to (s.0.) He looks up to his older brother.

to respect

14 affection (for s.o.) She has a lot of afection fir her old school friends.lShe
the feeling of being fond of looked at him with great affection.
someone

15 taste (in sth) He's got very good taste in clothes.lShe's got terrible taste
choice or preference in the things in men.lTheyfve got plenp of money but they don't hare
that you like particularly expensive tastes.

16 to approve (of sthlof doing sth) Surely you don't approve of such terrible behaviour?/l
to think that something is morslly approve of your choice.lShe doesn't approve of people
right or acceptable getting drunk.
Unit 22 Want/Like/Dislike

17 approval You don't need my approval to do anything - I'm not yout-

the feeling or statement o f father.
approving

18 to take to (s.o./sth) 1 took to them the moment that I met them, and we've
to like immediately and been friends ever. since.
instinctively

Part 3
1 to detest (s.o.lsthldoing sth) I detest him; I think he's vile.ll detest having to do the
to dislike very much washing-up.

2 to loathe (s.o./sthldoing sth) 1 loathe people like that.11 loathe driving on motor-ways
to detest

3 to despise ( s o . ) I despise him and I hope I never see him again

to detest someone because you
think they have no good qualities

4 to have a low opinion of (s.o.1 I have a low opinion of him because I don't think he's
sth) honest.
to dislike and disapprove o f

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5 not to think much of (s.o./sth)
to have a low opinion o f
I don't think much of the food in this restaurant.

6 contempt (for s.o./sth) fie showed his contempt for- me by ignoring me.lShe has
the feeling that someone or contempt for people ulho are not as it~relli~ent
as she is.
something is inferior and o f no
importance

7 to disapprove (of sthlof doing sth) She disapproves of people swearing.

to think that something is bad or
morally wrong

8 disapproval Despite her parents' disuppro;~alshe married him

the feeling or statement o f
disapproving

9 to criticise (s.o./sth (for sthfir You're always criticising - isn't anythin<?ever ~ o o d

doing sth)) e n o u ~ hfor youP1He doesn't like it ifyou criricise him.lThe
to say that you do not like report severely criticises the Government for the way it
something or someone's actions; handled the affair.lShe criticised him for talking too much.
to say that something is wrong

10 criticism I don't mind criticism as long as it's constructive.ltfe

the act o f criticising; a comment made a few c-r-iticismsbut gener-ally he liked my or-k.
which criticises
 Unit 22 WantILikelDislike

1 1 t o be critical (of s.o./sth) I f e was critical of m y work and told me I ~ ~ o u have

l d to
to criticise (quite strongly) start again.

12 t o condemn (s.o./sth) The Government utterly condemns the people ~~esporzsible

to criticise very strongly; to say for this horrijic crime.11 condemn violence of any kind.
that someone or something is bad
and unacceptable

13 to findlpick fault (with s.o./sth) She picked fault with all kinds of things in my pat - even
to be unnecessarily critical (often the colour of the walls.1He's alwiays finding fault with me.
of small, unimportant things)

14 t o pick on (s.o.) The boss is nice to e~leryoneelse, but for some reason h e ' s
to choose one person in particular always picking on me.
to criticise; to criticise unfairly

15 t o runtput (s.o./sth) down You're always running yourself dokiln - you should have
to criticise strongly; to say that more confidence.1Ife never has anything good to say about
someone or something does not our work - all he ever does is put it down.
deserve respect

16 to go off (s.o./sth) I used to like this kind of music, but I ' L gone
~ ~ off it now.11
to stop liking someone or don't know why we split up - I suppose I just went off
something him.
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17 t o be overrated
to be liked more than it should be
I think this city is overrated
but it isn't that good.
- everyone says it's wonderfil

(by people in general)

U n i t 22 Exercises
22.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 He won't do anything without his parents' ................
A respect B admiration C affection D approval
2 Now that she's the boss, she thinks people should treat her with more
A respect B admiration C praise D approval
3 1 ............... your patience. I would have lost my temper a long time ago.
A approve B admire C take to D respect
4 She ............... her boss, because he makes her life so difficult.
A detests B disapproves C goes off D puts out
5 I ............... this place! I hope I never come here again.
A loathe B condemn C despise D put off
6 While most people support the ambulancemen's claim for higher wages, a lot of people ...............
strike action.
A loathe B condemn C criticise D find fault with
7 He can't stand any ............... of his work.
A disapproval B condemnation C criticism D contempt
U n i t 22 Exercises

8 I've got nothing but ............... for idiots like you!

A disapproval B condemnation C criticism D contempt
9 She shook her head in ............... as I went to light another cigarette.
A disapproval B condemnation C criticism D contempt
10 Why must you always ............. fault with me'?
A put B make C find D run

22.2 Finish each ofthefollon,ing sentences in such a M-aythar it means e.1-act!\. rhe same as the sentence
printed be-fore it.
EXAM PI.^ Who owns that car?
Who does that
................... c.ur belong l o 7
..........
............
AKSWER

I 1 need an early night.

I cbould............................................................................................................................................
2 She told me that it was wrong of me to leave early.
She criticised ..................................................................................................................................
3 He really likes cars.
He's .......................................................................................................................................
c.,zrz~

4 1 don't want to go to that party tonight.

I don't feel ......................................................................................................................................
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5 She doesn't think very highly of politicians.
She's got u ......................................................................................................................................
6 I'd like to go somewhere else for a change.
I f a n c ~.............................................................................................................................................
7 A lot of men think that it's wrong for women to work.
A lot of mcn disapprove ................................................................................................................
8 1 really need a holiday.
I'm desperute ....................................................................................
:.............................................

22.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 I didn't take .............. her husband at all; in fact I found him quite cold.
2 He has always looked ............... to his father.
3 He treats his wife quite badly. especially in the way he's always putting her ............... in public.
4 Because he's smaller than all the other boys at school, he tends to get picked ................
5 Since seeing that horrible documentary about modern farming techniques, I've gone ............... the idea
of eating meat.
 Cnit 22 Exercises
22.4 For each cf the sentenc.e.7 helovt*,~,i.iteo neM. scntct~cv.0.7sinrrlur. us possrh!~it! nieuirrtr(r:to t11('
originul sentence, hut using the ~9ot.d,qi~.et~.This or-d nllrst not he c~ltet-cdin ~ 1 1\,~.tr\..
~.
~:XAMPL.E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
Thet-e's no polnl in urgu~tz~: I ' I ,trrc~tio
~ frp 177). n i i t ~ d
ANSWER ................................................................................
1 She likes children.
fond

2 1 didn't want a serious conversation.

mood

3 They buy nice furniture.

taste

4 I don't really like this kind of music.

keen

5 They said they thought your cooking was wonderful.

praise

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6 She criticises other people's weaknesses.
critical

7 1 like her a lot.

affect ion

8 1 want to learn as much as I can.

keen

9 They've been saying how wonderful the hotel was.

raving
.....................................................................................................
ph
10 She has a high opinion of you. ,r
highly

1 1 1 don't think that violence is right in any circumstances.

approve

12 1 realiy want to see her again.

dying
Unit 22 Exercises

13 I have a high opinion of him.

lot

14 I don't think that the film is as good as people say it is.

overrated

15 I didn't think the restaurant was very good.

much

16 She has a very low opinion of him.

despises

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Unit 23 Worried/Nervous
Part 1
1 worried (about s.o./sth) I'm worried about her - she hasn't heeti looking very uvll
unhappy because of being unable 1ately.lPeople are becoming more and more worried about
to stop thinking about a problem all the damage we are doing to the envirotirnent.lShe's
or possible problem worried about finding somewhere to live.

2 to worry
a (about s.o./sth) She worries all the time.lDon't ~ ~ o rabout
t y me. 1 can look
to be worried after myselJ:
b (s.o.) It worries me that he hasn't phoned it1 orer rnpomonths.
to cause someone to be worried

3 worrying Doctors have described the rapid spread of the disease as

causing you to worry worrying.

4 worry All this worry is making her ill.

the uncomfortable feeling caused
by being worried

5 a worry John lost his job last uteek, so money is quite a worry for-
something that causes you to us at the moment.
worry

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6 nervous (about sth)
worried and slightly frightened
(because you think that something
I'm nervous about the interview tomoi~rou~.lShe
nervous when she's in the house on her own.
gets

is going to be terrible or because

you are in a dangerous situation)

7 tense
a under mental or emotional You seem rather tense - is anything the matter?lPressure
pressure; unable to relax of work has made her very tense recently.
b causing you to feel nervous and The atmosphere was rather tense. Nobody really knew
unable to relax what was going to happen next.

8 anxious
a (about s.o./sth) I'm anxious about her - she hasn't phoned me for \+leeks.
nervous, worried or troubled
b worrying Farher's illness was an anxious time for all of us.

9 concerned (about s.o./sth) She's concerned about his health

worried (especially about people
or things that you care about)

10 concern There has been growing concern about the state cf our
worry prisons.lNow that he's unemployed, fmding another job is
his main concern.
U n i t 23 W o r r i e d I N e r v o u s

bothered (uhout s.o./sth) I wouldn't get so bothered about such u tt.i\.iul mutter if I
worried M'ere y011.

to bother
a (s.o.) You look ~lorried- 17. .something b ~ t h e t . i t lvou?/lt
~ ho~lie~:~
to cause someone to be worried or me what other people are saving about me.
concerned
b (about s.o./sth) F o r ~ e thim, t i e ' s not u w t h hothe~.itl~
about.
to be concerned about someone or
something
Note: It doesn't bother me/I'm I t doesn't bother me if he c.ome.r or t~nt.ll'mtiot hothet.~d
not bothered = I don't mind where uBego.

to have (sth) on your mind She looks worried. She must halv something on her mind./
to be worried about a problem tie's had a lot on his mind rec.ently.
and be unable to stop thinking
about it

worked up (about sth) Don't get worked up about it - it's nor impot.ratit
very worried. upset or angry.
often about a particular thing that
has happened

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wound up
tense, often about a particular
thing that has happened
He got very wound up because he though1 he had offended
her.

flustered There were so many impatient customers waiting to he

nervous and confused (especially served that the shop assistant M1as~ e t t i n gmore and more
because you have too many things flustered.
to do at one time and therefore
cannot cope or concentrate)

harassed You look harassed. /lave a break.

worried and annoyed, especially
because too many demands are
made of you

hectic It's heeti a hectic. day and I ' m exhausted.

(of a situation or a period of time)
extremely busy and involving a
lot of activity, so that you are
unable to relax

nerve-racking Driving in a big ciry for the first time can be somet\:hat
causing you to feel very tense and ner11e-racking.
worried
 U n i t 23 WorriedINervous

20 hysterical He bec.ame hysterrcal u,hen they told htn! l ~ r sH lfe had

in a state of hysteria been killed.

2 1 hysteria There u3ashysteria u>henthe pus.renget.s wet.c told the'

a powerful and uncontrollable plune w3asgoing to crash.
state, especially of nervous
excitement, anger or panic

22 to panic tie panicked when he lost his fi\,e-yeat.-old daughtet. in the

to be affected by a sudden and crowd.lDon'r panic! I ' m sure they'll be here soon.
uncontrollable feeling of fear or
worry, in such a way that you are
unable to act sensibly

23 panic There was panic. u'hen someone shouted 'Fit-e!'iHe'sin a

the state or feeling of sudden and panic because he'.r onlj got hzlo days left to ,finish the job.
uncontrollable fear or worry
(especially affecting a whole
group of people)

24 uncomfortable He looks at me in a peculiat- H,ay. bt>hlchmakes me feel

slightly nervous or embarrassed, uncomfortable.
especially in front of people or in
particular situations
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25 ill at ease
uncomfortable, worried or anxious
She felt ill at ease at the parry because she didn't know,
anyone.

26 restless She gets restless when she's been in a job for more than a
not wanting to stay still because year.
you are anxious or bored

27 to fidget t f e fidgeted in his chair while he was waiting for the

to make nervous, restless interview.
movements, especially with your
hands or feet

Part 2
1 pressure She left her job at the bank because she couldn'r take the
the demands (of your work or life pressure.1The pressure of university life is getting him
style etc.) which cause you worry down.
or difficulty

2 under pressure It's not like him to lose his temper like that. I think he's
suffering from pressure been under a lot of pressure at work recently.
U n i t 23 Worried/Nervous

3 tension
a the feeling or state of being There was fear and tension in her voice as she called out
tense 'Who's there?'lller headache was caused by tension.
b a tense atmosphere of possibie Weeks of increasing tension beruleen the two countries
danger, caused when relations finally erupted last night into war.
between people are difficult

4 strain The strain of having to bring up ru~oyoung children on

tension and worry caused by her own is beginning to show.
pressure

5 a strain Trying to make conversation with people you don'r like is

something that requires a great a strain.
mental effort and causes you to
feel tense

6 stress I don't know if1 could cope with the stress of li~lingin
mental, physical or emotional London.lln many cases stress can lead to heart attacks.lHe
strain or tension, caused by got fed up with the stresses and strains of city life and
pressure went to live in the country.

Unit 23 Exercises

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23.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B , C or D )which best completes each sentence.
1 She got rather ............... because the recipe involved doing three things at once.
A restless B concerned C flustered D bothered
2 I know it's not a big problem but it ............... me and I want to sort it out.
A strains B stresses C presses D bothers
3 He was such a powerful dictator that his speeches could produce ............... in the crowds he
spoke to.
A panic B hysteria C tension D concern
4 I don't know why you're so ............... about what happened. It's not that important.
A flustered B bothered C harassed D worrying
5 This is a very ...............period for them, because they are waiting for the doctor's report on their
daughter's illness.
A nervous B worried C anxious D bothered
6 I was so ...............before the exam that I couldn't sleep.
A nervous B uncomfortable C worrying D flustered
7 1 felt ............... because everyone was staring at me. I obviously wasn't welcome.
A uncomfortable B anxious C concerned D bothered
8 There is considerable ............... about his whereabouts. because he's been missing for several
days.
A pressure B strain C concern D stress
9 My father's illness is a ................ 1 hope it doesn't get any worse.
A bother B tension C worry D stress
 U n i t 23 Exercises

10 The situation at work is extremely ............... ; it seems I might lose my job.

A bothering B concerning C worrying D wound up
1 1 Sport is one way of relieving the ............... of a busy life.
A tension B concern C bother D nerve
12 I'm not ............... what we do tonight. It's entirely up to you.
A concerned B nervous C bothered D anxious
13 News of possible war caused ............... to spread throughout the country.
A stress B strain C panic D pressure
14 She finds looking after the children a ..............
A stress B strain C pressure D tension
15 In the event of a fire, do not ................
A fluster B harass C panic D fidget
16 After two hours the audience was beginning to get ................
A restless B ill at ease C flustered D hectic
17 She became completely ............... after the crash.
A wound up B panicked C hysterical D harassed
18 The new trade agreement should help to reduce ............... between the two governments.
A stress B strain C pressure D tension
19 This has been an incredibly ............... month.

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A hectic B flustered C wound up C harassed
20 You shouldn't ............... so much. It's not good for you.
A concern B worry C bother D fluster
21 1 could tell he was nervous because he was ............... in his chair.
A flustering B fidgeting C harassing D fumbling
22 It was a very ............... game - either team could have won.
A nervous B concerned C tense D worried
23 She looks so much older than she really is. It must be due to ..........
A bother B worry C discomfort D tension
24 You'll have plenty of chances to retake your driving test, so don't get so ............... about failing.
A concerned B bothered C worked up D harassed
25 With half of the office either on holiday or ill, we're all feeling rather ............... at the moment.
A harassed B bothered C ill at ease D uncomfortab!e
26 The doctor says that she's suffering from ............... and needs to take some time off work.
A pressure B tension C strain D stress

23.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 He always seems rather ill at ............... in the company of strangers.
2 You know your problem? You get too wound ............... sbout things.
3 1 find I work best when I'm ............... pressure.
4 I've got a lor ............... my mind at the moment.
U n i t 23 Exercises

5 Making a speech in public for the first time can be a ... ........... -racking experience.
6 He's very concerned ............. . the company's poor performance over the last few months.

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Unit 24 Relaxed/Relieved
1 relaxed He's so relaxed rhar nothing seems to ~ l o 1 . rhim
~
not tense, worried or nervous

2 to relax
a not to do anything which A$er a week at work most people like to rela.\ a1 rile
requires effort. work or weekend.
concentration
b to become relaxed; to feel less Relax! We've got pien8 of rime to get to the uirport.
tense. worried or nervous

3 relaxing This music is relaxin~./ltu,as a really reluxing holicin~.

causing you to feel relaxed

4 relaxation I listen to music for relaxation

the feeling of relaxing; a way of
relaxing

5 calm Try to keep calm. The ambulance will he here soon.lThe

not being or not expressing that situation is now much calmer-. following yesterdap's violent
you are nervous, tense, angry or demonsrrations.
worried

6 to calm down I was nervous before the exam but I calmed down once it

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to become less nervous, tense or
angry
had started.lCalm down! There's no need to get annoyed.

7 cool She always manages to stay cool under pressure.

calm and in control of your
emotions

8 comfortable I feel comfortable with people of my own age

relaxed and confident, especially
in front of people or in particular
situations

9 at ease The interview started with a friendly chat to make the

comfortable; without any feeling candidate feel at ease.
of worry

10 to make yourself at home Come in! Sit down and make yourselfar home!
to feel at ease in someone else's
house (usually used in the
imperative as an invitation to
behave as you would in your own
home)

I I to unwind I like to listen to music - it helps me to unwind after a

to relax after a tense and busy busy day.
time
U n i t 24 R e l a x e d I R e l i e v e d

12 to take itlthings easy Take it easy! There's nothing to worry ahout.lThe doctor
to relax and not do too much said I should take things easy for a while until I'm full)^
recovered.

13 to take (sth) in your stride When she lost her job she took it in her stride.lShe seems
to react calmly to a difficult to take e,uaminations in her stride.
situation, as if it were not a
problem

14 relieved I was so relieved when the doctor told me it was nothing

no longer worried or anxious serious.lYou'l1 be relieved to know that ~ ~ e 'found
v e your
(because something ceases to be a daughter.
problem)

15 relief Much to my relief, she said yes.lIt was a relief to leave

the feeling of happiness caused by that terrible joh./These pills should bring you some relief.
being relieved

16 to breathe a sigh of relief It was a terrible flight and I breathed a sigh of relief when
to make a sound in expression of the plane landed.
relief

17 to comfort (s.o.) She was crying so I ralked to her about the problem in

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to make someone feel less
worried or upset

18 comforting
order to comfort her.

His kind words were comforrin~

able to comfort you

19 comfort In the few hours before his death, he found great conlfort
the feeling of relief from worry or in prayer.lThroughout the crisis my family's support was a
unhappiness: someone or comfort to me.
something that brings this feeling

20 to assure ( s o . that ...) I was worried that they wouldn't pay me hut they assured
to cause someone to feel sure or me that they would.
certain by telling them that they
have no need to worry

21 to reassure (s.o. that ...) His lor-ds seemed to reassure her.lShe smiled as if to
to make someone feel less reassure him that everything would he all right.
worried and more confident. often
by talking to them in a kind and
friendly way
Unit 24 Exercises
24.1 Choose the word or phrase (A, B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 You're safe. What a(n) ................1
A comfort B relief C release D assurance
2 Keep ................ It's not the end of the world if we're a few minutes late.
A calm B relaxed C tranquil D at ease
3 I can ...............you that your illness is nothing to worry about.
A ensure B insure C assure D make sure
4 ............... ! There's no need to do all that work today.
A Calm B Calm yourself C Relax D Relax yourself
5 He's always very ............... , no matter what the problem.
A comfortable B calmed down C cool D at ease
6 I've had a terrible day today. I just want to sit down, do nothing and ................
A relieve myself B unwind C relax myself D calm
7 He seems very ............... these days. He must be happy about the way things are going.
A relieved B eased C relaxed D easy
8 Although they were strangers, their friendly manner made me feel ............... immediately
A comforted B relieved C easy D at ease
9 She was so upset by the terrible news that nothing could ............... her.
A assure B relax C relieve D comfort

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10 A weekend in the countryside is very ............... after a hard week in the city.
A assuring B relaxing C relieving D comforting
1 1 ............... ! There's nothing to get upset about.
A Calm B Unwind C Tranquil D Calm down

24.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thatfits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting c.?!!. about football. DISCUSS
1 1 don't feel particularly ............................. talking to people I've never met before. COMFORT
3 I wasn't looking forward to the journey, so I was .................... r........ when it was over safely.
RELIEF
3 I thought he'd forgotten his promise, but he phoned to ............................. me
that nothing had changed. SURE
4 1 enjoy going on long walks for a bit of .............................. RELAX
5 It's .............................to know that when we retire, we will receive a very good pension.
COMFORT
U n i t 24 Exercises

24.3 For each cf the sentences below. write a new sentence as simi1u1-us possible in nwanrng lo the
original .renrence, bur usin,? the word gi~len.This word must nor he alrervd in any ~ t ' u v .
EXAMPL~. It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no pornr in arguing: I've made rrp my mind.
................................................................................
I Her friends' messages of sympathy helped her during her illness.
comfort

2 Please behave in my house as you would in your own house.

make

3 He deals calmly with everything.

stride

4 Why don't you relax for a few days and let me look after the shop?
easy

5 She was very relieved when she realised that her bag hadn't been stolen.
breathed

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 Section C
Characteristics

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Units 25-35
Unit 25 Attracti~e/Good-looking
1 attractive You don't have to be beautifil to be attractive.lWhat an
causing someone to like, want or attractive house!lIt's an attractive offer.
be interested in someone or
something

2 to attract (s.0.) What really attracted me to this place was the peace and
to cause someone to like, want or quiet.lPhysically he doesn't attract me at all.
be interested in someone or
something

3 to be attracted (to s.o./sth) I was attracted to her by her sense of hunzow-./I'm not at
to like and be interested in all attracted to a career in banking.
someone or something

4 attraction Why do so many people smoke? What's the atfraction?

the action or power of attracting

5 (to be able) to see the attraction I can't see the attracrion of living it1 a big city.
(of sth)
to understand why other people
like something

6 good-looking She was very good-looking when she M1asyout~g./Whowas

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physically attractive (of people) that good-looking nzan I saw you with last tiight?

7 beautiful She's beautiful.lWhat a beautiful necklace!lThe

very attractive (usually of women, countryside was beautifil.lHasn't he got a beautijkl ~~oice.3
places or things)

8 pretty I wouldn't say she was beautiful, bur she's quite pt-etty.1
good-looking or attractive (usually That's a pretty dress you're wear-ing.lWhat a pretty litrle
of women, children or little tune!
things)

9 lovely Me's got really lovely eyes.1lsn'r it a l o ~ v l yday?iThank

beautiful or pleasing (of people or you very much - that was a Lovely meal.
things)

10 appealing She's got an appealing sense of humou~~.llfindthe idea of

interesting and attractive (of being rich very appealing.1That cake looks appealing -
things, ideas etc.) could I try a small piece?

1 I to appeal (to s.0.) That film doesn't appeal to me ar all.11 must say the idea
to be attractive to someone of living in a hot country appeals to me.

12 stunning You look stunning in that dress tonight!lThe view of the

very attractive or beautiful mountains was stunning.lIr's a stunnin~film - the best I've
seen this year.
 Unit 25 AttractiveIGood-looking

13 tempting The idea of taking the day ofS work and going to the
attractive and inviting (often beach is very tempting./ 'Have another cream cake.
making you want something that Elizabeth.' - 'No, thank you. It's very tempting, but
you should not have) honestly I'm on a diet.'

14 to tempt
a (s.o. to sth1s.o. to do sth) Can I tempt you to another helping of ice cream?lThe fact
to try to attract someone to do or that he was smoking tempted me to have a cigarette.
have something (often something
that they should not do or have)
b (s.o. into doing sth) His friends tempted him into taking drugs.
to attract and persuade someone
actually to do something that they
know they should not do

15 to be tempted (to do sth) I was so poor that I was tempted to steal.lShe got me so
to want to do something (often angry that I was tempted to tell her exactly what I thought
something that you should not do) of her.

16 a temptation Although he was very rude, I managed to resist the

something that tempts you temptation to hit him.

Unit 25 Exercises
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25.1 Choose the word or- phrase ( A , B , C or- D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 What a(n) ............... smell! What are you cooking?
A pretty B lovely C tempted D attracting
2 It's an absolutely ............... place to go for a holiday! You'll think you're in paradise.
A pretty B beautiful C good-looking D appealing
3 Those ice-creams look ................ Shall we have one?
A attracting B tempting C stunning D good-looking
4 The cottages in the village were very ................ so I took a lot of photographs of them.
A attracted B stunning C good-looking D pretty -,

5 She has a(n) ............... personality, so most people like her.

A tempting B attracting C pretty D attractive
6 The thought of taking the day off work is very ...............
A good-looking B lovely C appealing D stunning
7 He's very ...............and a lot of the other girls in rhe school would like to go out with him.
A lovely B stunning C good-looking D beautiful
8 The orchestra gave a(n) ............... performance and received a standing ovation.
A stunning B good-looking C appealing D pretty
9 That kind of work doesn't ............... me. I think it would be very boring.
A appeal B attract C tempt D appeal for
U n i t 25 Exercises

35.2 Finish euch ofthe following sentenc.es in such a blay that it meails e.~ac.tlythe sanle as the seiitenc.e
printed hefc),v it.
F.XA%IPL.F. Who owns that car?
ASSWER
Who does fhur
................... ( Y Z I . helong t o ' )
.........................
1 People are persuaded by adverts to spend more than they can afford.
Adverts tempt ..................................................................................................................................
2 Older men attract her.
She is ..............................................................................................................................................
3 1 felt like walking out without paying because the service was so bad.
I M-astempted ..................................................................................................................................
4 I find their lifestyle quite attractive, although I probably wouldn't really enjoy it.
Their I i f e s ~ l eappeals .....................................................................................................................
5 The dress was so tempting that I bought it.
I rouldn' I resist the .........................................................................................................................
6 1 don't know why people are attracted to spending all day on the beach.
1 can't see the .................................................................................................................................

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Unit 26 Dependentilndependent
1 to depend on
a (s.o./sth) As u i ~ h u l . i your
, ~ , o r kdepends entrt.eI,v on ~ ~ o l i r t ~ t r r ~ ~ ~
to need in order to live, succeed uthole island depends on the tolrrist indirstt:\ f o r 1t.s
or do something inc'on~r.
b (s.o./sth (doing sthlto do srh)) I ' m depending on them to lend me s0177(~~ o ~ ~ o ! . .Il IMIPI?
f
to have confidence in. or put your xou, I wouldn't depend on the train being on tit71e.
trust in someone or something
c (s.o./sth) 1 might 80 t o t t ~ o r i . oIt
~ ~depends
. on t h u~c~urhr~../Shc~'s
~ not
(not used in continuous tenses) to sure if she'^ coming - it depends on u'heth~t.she (.(in get
be influenced or dictated by a lift or nor.

2 depending on I might buy i t , depending on h o ~n7rrc.h

' it (.o.cf~
dictated and influenced by

3 dependent
a (on s.o./sth) She's got r u n deprndent c.hildren.ltfe's tiependent on his
unable to live or manage without parents for money./She's dependent on the drugs that the
someone or something (physically, doctor prest.ribes hela.
financially or emotionally)
b (on sth) The amomnt o f m.u you puy is dependent on \.or/,. sultrr,v.
dictated or decided by something

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4 to rely on
a (s.o./sth)
to need someone or something,
I i e can't look after hiniself tfe i.elies entit.elj on his
mother.// wish I d i d n ' t ha\,e to rely on the bus for getting
and be dependent on them me to work.
b (s.o./sth (doing sthlto do sth)) We can't rely on our cat. - it keeps breaking do~,n.lYoir
to trust or have confidence in can rely on her to keep a set.l.et./l was relying on that
someone or something (to do what cheque arriving today, but it didn't.
you want them to do, or to be as
you want them to be)

5 to count on (s.o./sth (doing sthlto You can't count on h r n ~- he's alrzlays breuking his
do sth)) pron~ises./lt'ssuch a shame - she u3asreally counting on
to trust or expect (that someone passing that exam./l'm counting on yoii to help me.1We
will do what you want them to ulere counting on the k,eather being sunny, so nerther of us
do, or that something will be as had taken our coats.
you want it to be)

6 to bank on (s.o./sth (doing sthlto We're banking on your help./When he left his job he was
do sth)) hanking on getting another one easily.
to count on

7 to let (s.0.) down t i e ' s always letting me down - we arrange to meet and
to disappoint someone by failing then he raticels at the last moment./Shefeels that she has
to do what they were relying on let her parents down by failing a l l her exams.
you to do
U n i t 26 D e ~ e n d e n t I I n d e ~ e n d e n t

8 independent
a not needing other people or She left home because she wanted to be independent
things
b (of s.o./sth) She made her own decision, independenr of an! advice.
without the help of; without being
influenced by

9 independence I don't want to get married h e c a ~ ~ sI edon't klanr to give

the state of being independent up my independence.

10 free
a (to do sth) I want to be free to make my own decisions.lYou're flee to
able to do what you want to do go wherever you like.
b (fromlof sth) It's nice to be b e e of money probfems.ll'd lo1.e io he free
without; not worried or influenced from all these responsibilities.
by
1 1 freedom
a independence; the state of being They allow their children too much freedom.1Thry't.e
free fighting for their freedom.
b the power or right to act, say, I want the freedom to make my own decisions./Freedom of
think etc. as you please speech is a fundamental right in a democratic country.

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12 liberated
free from traditional ideas,
She's a liberated wornan.lThey lead a very liberated
l.$estyle.
particularly in social or sexual
matters

13 to fend for yourself He's had to fend for himself ever since he left home at the
to look after yourself without age of sixteen.
relying on other people for help

14 on your own She lives on her own.lNobody helped me - I did it on my

alone; without help from anyone own.
else

15 by yourself I spent the whole weekend by myseVlAre you sure you can
on your own do it by yoursel'

Unit 26 Exercises
26.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best compleres each sentence
1 She's become a lot more ............... and no longer needs everything to be done for her.
A free B single C independent D by herself
2 There is too much work for me to do ............... .
A by my own B on myself C by myself D for my own
 U n i t 26 Exercises

3 We're depending ............... you to come.

A of B from C on D by
4 She wanted to be free ............... the influence of her parents.
A on B from C for D without
5 As a single person, my ............... is very important to me.
A liberation B independence C liberty D emancipation
6 Both she and her partner have got ............... attitudes towards marriage.
A single B free C independent D liberated
7 The price of the coach tickets ............... on how many people want to go.
A relies B depends C counts D banks
8 The press were given complete ............... to photograph any part of the military base.
A freedom B independence C liberation D liberty
9 Whether or not you need a visa ...............on which country you come from.
A counts B relies C is dependent D is depending
10 She left home to be independent ............... her parents.
A from B on C of D for

26.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not he altered in any way.

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EXAMPLE

ANSWER
It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind,
point
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 When she left home, she had to do everything on her own.
fend

2 If you leave this job, don't assume that you'll get another one.
count

3 I may go out tonight but i t depends on how long my homewgrk takes me.
depending

4 I'm expecting to be promoted soon.

banking

5 Most university students need the financial support of their parents.

depend

6 If I were you, I wouldn't trust the weather to be good.

rely
U n i t 26 Exercises

7 Nobody helped me to build this.

own

8 1 don't wan! anything to stop me from enjoying myself.

free

9 1 don't want to have to need other people.

dependent

10 Her income is vital to them.

rely

1 1 Our car is extremely reliable; it hasn't disappointed us once in the last ten years.
let

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Part 1
1 different (tolfrom s.o./sth) AIthor~ghthej are siste1.s they're \,el-! different to tach
not the same other.lHis politic-a1 1.ietc.s are differ.enr f,.otn minc.

2 no different (tolfrom s.o./sth) His problet?z.c.are no d i ~ e / . e nto

t unyor~cel.s(~'s.iToduyM.U.Y
the same no different fi-on1 any othei day.

3 a difference (in sthlbemeetl two There H8asa big differvnc-e in pr1c.e so M.e hut1 1 0 b u j rhe
things) smaller one.lWhat's the differencv bemeen this ~ ' o r dand
the way in which one thing is that word?lThere's absolutely rzo diffeereenc-e hem~eenthe
different from another m o H'ord.7.

4 a subtle difference There is a subtle di'er.ent.e behve17 enjoyir~gJi)od and

a small but important difference being greedy.

5 to be able to tell the difference I can't tell the difference hemseen (,heup ~ i w and
e
(between two things) expensit9ewine.
to know that there is a difference

6 to distinguish (hemseen two I can't distinguish betw>eenblue and ,qre~n.IIcun't

thingslsth from sth else) distinguish blue from green.ll find ir di'c.ult to distinguish
to see, hear, understand etc. the one accent from arzothei..
difference

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7 distinctive
clearly different from anything
His music has a distinc.ti~*esound.lShe H1ears vei.y
distinctive clothes.
else

8 to stand out She stood out in the cmrowd because of the bright colour-s
to be distinctive, or easy to notice she was uvaring.

9 the opposite (of s.o./sth) 'Llifferent' is the oppo.rite of 'the same'.lHe'.r very hard-
the person or thing that is as working, hut his brother is just the opposite.
different as possible from
something else

10 to contrast
a (sth with sth else) It's intei-esting to contrast the attitudes of diflerent people./
to compare two things in order to If we contrasf this year's figures with last year's, you'll all
look at or show the differences see that sales have increased dramatically.
between them
b (with sth) His ac.tions contrast with his opinions.
to be very different from

1 1 a s opposed to We're looking for someone with experience as opposed to

rather than (used when you are qual~ficarions.
contrasting two things in order to
emphasise the first thing and show
that there is a clear difference)
Unit 27 DifferentISirnilar

12 to vary The amount of work I do varies from day to day.1The

to be different at different times shirts vary in price from f1.5 to f40.lSalaries vary
or in different circumstances according to age, qualifications and experience.

13 various I've got various interests including music. reading and

several different; of different sport.lThe police were given various accounts of what had
kinds happened.

14 a variety (of sth) I've got a variety of friends.1There.s a whole blariety of

a number of different kinds of the reasons why I don't like her.
same thing

Part 2
1 similar (to s.o./sth) Their house is similar- to the one I live in.lThey're very
almost the same similar in size.

2 alike They're so alike that you would think they were sisters.
similar (in appearance, character
etc.)

3 identical (to s.o./sth) That necklace looks identical to the one I 1ost.iThey're
exactly the same identical twins, so people are always confusing them.

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4 equivalent (to sth)
equal to or corresponding to (in
value, amount, meaning etc.)
What is £20 equivalent to in Japanese yen?lFir-st prize is
either a holiday for two in Florida, or an equivalent
amount in cash.

5 an equivalent (of sth) An inch is the equivalent of 2.54 centimetres.lls there an

something that is equivalent to equivalent of the Financial Times in Italy?
something else

6 to amount to the same thing If you pay this bill for- me and I pay the next one for you,
to produce the same result; to it amounts to the same thing.lShe didn't actually say no,
mean the same but it amounted to the same thing.

7 to even out I paid for some things and s'he paid for some things, but it
to become equal; to balance in the evened out because we both spent the same amount.
end

8 a thin line (between two things) There is a thin line between being careful with money and
a very small difference between he in^ mean.
two extremes

9 to split hairs 'You were an hour late.' - 'No, I was only 59 minutes
to insist on very small differences late.' - 'Don't split hairs.'
which are unimportant
Unit 27 Exercises
27.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 Sometimes I pay and sometimes she pays, but it all ............... in the end.
A amounts B evens out C stands out D balances
2 What's ............... this word?
A opposite from B contrary to C the contrary of D the opposite of
3 He ............... because he was the only old person there.
A contrasted B stood up C varied D stood out
4 It's funny you should say that. I've just had the ............... thought.
A like B identical C alike D similar
5 House prices ............... greatly from one area to the next.
A contrast B vary C distinguish D stand out
6 This particular flower is famous for its ............... smell.
A distinguished B differential C distinctive D different
7 I had ...............temporary jobs when I was a student.
A different B distinctive C various D varying
8 We sell a ............... of different wines from around the world.
A variation B variety C variance D variant
9 The two pictures are very ............... , but if you look carefully, you'll notice one or two
differences.

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A identical B equal C same D alike
10 Eighty kilometres is the ............... fifty miles.
A equivalent of B equivalent from C equal of D equal from
1 1 Although technically speaking he wasn't sacked, it ............... the same thing.
A evens out to B amounts to C points to D signifies

27.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, hut using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; 1.1-emade up m y mind.'
.................................................................................
1 The original painting and the copy look the same to me.
tell

2 I don't want to point out a trivial little difference, but your facts aren't quite right.
split

3 What he earns in a week is the same as what I earn in a month.

equivalent
Cnit 27 Exercises

4 The way he behaves in private is very different from the way he behaves at work.
contrasts

5 This record is exactly the same as the last one they made.
different

6 Parents try to teach their children to understand that right and wrong are two different things.
distinguish

7 This programme is like one that used to be on years ago.

similar

8 1 prefer playing football rather than watching it.

opposed

9 Being mean and being careful with money are not quite the same.
subtle

10 Not having much money is not the same as being completely broke.
different

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1 1 His attitude has been different recently.
difference

12 Some people say that there's hardly any difference between love and hate.
line
Unit 28 Friend
1 a good friend tie's u good fi-iend of mine.lShe wsasmy hesr ji-iend or
someone who you know very well school - we did e~~er-yrhing together..
and like very much

2 a close friend She's a close fiiend - I (-an discuss anything w ~ t hher

an intimate friend who you can
trust

3 an old friend Gury and I are old friends - w-e wient to the same sc,hool
a friend who you have known for together.
a long time

4 a friendship I'm not going to argue ~ l i t hhim about this because I

a relationship between friends value our friendship too much.

5 a mate I've got a mate who's u mechanic - rf you like. 1'11 usk
(colloquial, usually used hy men) him to look at your car./He's my hesr mate.
a friend

6 an acquaintance She seems to have a lot of acquaintances, hut not L'ery

someone who you know slightly, many friends.
but who is not a close friend

7 a colleague You were in a meeting when I rang, so I spoke to one cf

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someone who you work with

8 to be friends (with s.o.)

your colleagues.

Are you still friends with hirn?lWe've been friends for fen
to have a friendship with someone years.

9 to make friends (with s.o.) She finds it easy to make friends.lHave you made friends
to form a friendship with someone with anyone from work yet?

10 to get to know (s.0.) She seems really nice - I'd like to get to k n o ~ lher betrer
to find out what someone is like

1 1 to get on (well) (with s.0.) David and I don't get on..ll've alw:ays gor on vet.! well
to have a friendly relationship with my parents.
with someone

12 to be on goodlfriendly terms I neL1errealised that you and Roy were on such friendly
( ~ ' i r s.o.)
h terms.lAlthough he's left rhe company, he's still on good
to have a friendly relationship terms with them.
with someone

13 to go out (with s.o.) They've been going out (together)for six mon~hs./lwent
to have a romantic relationship out with her for over a year, hut I don't see her nowladays.
with someone
U n i t 28 Friend

14 to fall out (with s.o.) They fell out with each other over some srupid argument.
to stop being friends with
someone because of a
disagreement

15 to break uplsplit up (with s.o.) Sally has just broken up with Nick.lSally a!ld Nick ha1.e
to separate; to end a relationship just split up.
or marriage

Unit 28 Exercises
28.1 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.
I I hardly know him. He's just an ............... of mine.
2 I bumped into an ...............friend the other day. I hadn't seen her for ages.
3 He's one of my ..............., but I don't know him very well. I only work with him
4 I know her very well. She's a ............... friend of mine.
5 He was my ............... friend at school, so it's strange how we don't get on at all these days.
6 Their ............... is very important to me, so 1 hope we will always be friends.

28.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the

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original sentence, hut using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
AkSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made u p my mind.
.................................................................................
1 I have a friendly relationship with everyone at work.
terms

2 We found out a lot about each other during the journey.

know

3 She has a friendly relationship with most people.

gets

4 Have you become anyone's friend since you arrived?

made

5 He's stopped being friends with Clare.

fallen

6 Have you heard the news? Roger has separated from Diana.
split
.......................................................................................................................................................
 Unit 28 Exercises

7 He's been her boyfriend for about three weeks.

going

8 They separated last month.

broke

9 I used to be a friend of his.

with

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Unit 29 Funny
1 funny Thut's the funniest thing I'\.e heard Jhr a long tinle.lHe's a
causing you to laugh or smile very funny man.

2 amusing It's not the funniest film I'\v ever. seen. hut it's quite
funny amusing.lShe' .Y ulways 1'et-y amusing.

3 to amuse (s.0.) His stories umused the childr-en.11 thought it was funny but
to seem funny to someone and no one else ~ l a amused.
s
cause them to laugh or smile

4 hilarious It's a hilarious film - go and see it!lHe told me some

extremely funny: causing you to hilarious jokes - I couldn't stop lau,qhinx.
laugh a lot

5 hysterical I must tell you u'hat happened today - it M.US hysteric.al!

hilarious

6 witty The chuirman's speech was \ley wit&.

amusing in a clever way
(especially involving the clever
use of words)

7 sense of humour I like her sense of humour- - she makes me laugh./l don't

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the ability to be funny or to really like the American sense of humour.lDon't look so
understand what is funny miserable - where's your sense of humour-?

8 a joke Have you heard the joke about the talking racehorse?lHas
something that is said or done to anybody got any good jokes?
make people laugh

9 to tell (s.o.) a joke She's verj good at telling jokes.lTeI1 us a joke!

10 a dirty joke They got drunker and drunker- and the jokes got dirtier
a joke about sex etc. (which could and dirtier.
offend)

1 1 a sick joke 1 think he upset quite a lot of people with that sick joke
a tasteless joke about disease, about the plane crash.
death, tragedy etc.

12 a standing joke tiis meanness has become a bit of a standing joke in our
a joke (usually about a particular family.
person) which is often repeated
among friends, family members or
a particular group of people

13 a practical joke They hid his shoes as a practical joke.

a trick that is played on someone
in order to make them appear
ridiculous and amuse others
 U n i t 29 Funny

14 to play a practical joke (on s.o.) His friends are al~lavsplaying pt.cic3tic.aljokes on him.
Last week they phoned him pretending to be the po1ic.e.

15 to be jokinglkidding I wus only joking ~vhenI said I H-antedyo1.c to ~.ot.klure

to deliberately say something toni~ht.llfyou think I'm going to dl-r1.e you ,f~fpmiles to
untrue, in order to fool or surprise the airport at three o'clock in the niot.ning. you must be
someone, or to be funny kidding!/'/'l-vejust won f 10,000' - 'You'1.e jokitig!' (= I
don't believe you.)

16 to laugh at (s.0.) People laugh at him because he wears such strange

to make jokes about someone who clothes.ll'l1 only sing if you pt-on~isenot to l a u ~ hat me.
you consider to be foolish or to
have ddne something foolish

17 to make fun of (s.0.) Childretl (,an he 1,et.y cruel in the way they make fun of
to laugh at someone in an unkind anyone who's slightly differet~t.lShe'sa l ~ ~ u making
ys fun
way so as to make them appear cf him because he's going bald.
foolish or ridiculous

18 to tease (s.0.) tiis friends tease him about his accent.lNo. I don't r.eallj
to make jokes about someone in think your shirt is horrible - I'm only teas in^.
order to try to embarrass them
(often between friends etc.)

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19 to pull someone's leg
to tease someone by trying to
make them believe something that
'Is this really vour cut-?' - 'No. I was pullit~gyour- le,q. It
belongs to my fafher.'ll can't believe he's only twenty-
eight. You're pulling my leg, aren't you?
is not true

20 to take the mickey (out of s.0.): All the other children take the mickey out of him. because
(colloquial) to make fun of he's no good at games.
someone, either in a friendly or
unkind way

21 to burst out laughing What he told me was so I-idiculous that I bursf our
to start laughing suddenly and laughing.
loudly

22 to laugh your head off She laughed her head off at his pathetic attempt to speak
to laugh loudly and for a long French.
time because you find something
very funny

23 the punch line I k n o ~ lit was a good joke, hut I can't remember the punch
the last line of a joke (the part line.
that causes you to laugh)
Unit 29 ,Exercises
29.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 Her awful singing is a ...............joke at school.
A dirty B sick C standing D practical
2 He made a ...............joke about the Ethiopian famine victims.
A dirty B sick C standing D practical
3 Have you heard the joke about the bishop and the actress? It's a bit ............
A dirty B sick C standing D practical
4 I haven't laughed so much in years. It was absolutely ............... !
A amusing B hilarious C fumy D diverting
5 He loves ............... her about all her boyfriends.
A teasing B joking C kidding D pulling
6 I can't say I find his jokes particularly ...............
A enjoying B amusing C standing D fun

29.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 He ruined the joke by saying the ............... line before the end.
2 When he told her what had happened she burst ............... laughing.
3 He has a strange ............... of humour and laughs at all sorts of peculiar things.
4 They ............... a practical joke ............... him by pouring vodka in his lemonade while he wasn't
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looking.
5 His friends make ............... of him because he's got an enormous nose.
6 She ............... me a very funny joke, but I can't remember it now.

29.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 You know I told you I was a millionaire? Well, I was teasing you.'
1eg

2 Her jokes made us laugh very much.

funny

3 Everybody made fun of him because he didn't know the answer.

laughed

4 Her comments used words in a very clever and amusing way.

witty
 U n i t 29 Exercises

5 I don't believe you. He's not really your brother, is he?

kidding

6 It's a brilliant film - I laughed uncontrollably all the way through.

head

7 She obviously didn't find your jokes funny.

amused

8 Everybody made fun of him because he'd had his hair cut so short.
mickey

9 I was highly amused by her story.

hysterical

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Part I
1 important That's u 1.et.y impot-runt point.lltSs in~portunt(fbr peoplcl
necessary: mattering a lot to he able to I-elux.llt might not rnatrer- to sou. hut it's
important to me./lt's \'cry important that jou get this done
hy tonlor.l*oh..

2 importance Her hark 1s 14the gl.eutest importance to the ~,ot+ld oJ'

the quality of being important: the niedic,ine.lHe doesn't see the importance c,$sa\sin,q monev
reason why something is - he'd muc.h ruther spend rt.
important

3 essential Foreign tra~elis an essential part c,f my joh.llt's essentiul

extremely important and to srudj, ,g~'ammurif you ant to speak the language
necessary c~orrectly./lt'sessential that ~ o don't
u tell anyone.

4 vital His ~ ' o r kis rit~ilto out- s~cc~ess.IIt's

lsital that we get help
essential (for something to to him immediately.
succeed, happen etc.)

5 crucial The first few months were a c.1-uc.ial time for the company.
very important (especially in
causing the difference between
success and failure)

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6 significant
a having a special meaning or It's significant that he didn't mention the subject.lDo you
importance (often leading to a think her absence c.ould he signrfrfic,ant?
belief or conclusion)
b important because of being There has bee17 u signrfrc-unt drop in my income recently.
large in quantity

7 significance What was the significance of his remark?/If 1 were you, I

importance or meaning; the wouldn't attach any si~nijicanceto what he said.lWe
quality of being significant didn't talk about anything of sign~jicat~ce.

8 major Drugs are a major problem in modern society./Money was

more important. in terms of a major reason why I took [he job.
seriousness, influence, size etc. (in
comparison with other things)

9 main The main reason why I changed my job was boredom.lHis

most important, in terms of main problem at the moment is mrmey./Be carejhl crossing
seriousness, influence, size etc. the main road.

10 valuable It was a valuable experience because I learnt a lot from

very useful; of great help my mistake.

1 1 invaluable Your help during this last week has been invaluable.
extremely valuable
 U n i t 30 I m p o r t a n t I T r i v i a l

12 basic There is a basic. di#er.ence bemeen ow- uttitu~ies.SO MY'//

simple and important; on which never agree.
everything else depends

13 fundamental An under.stunding of the gtummai' und stt.Lic,tut.e of'u

basic language is fundamental to your progress in [hut
language.

14 above all You ha1.e to be cle\~et.to suc-wed, but ahore all you ha1.e
most importantly to he lucky.

15 a priority My priorip is to find somerz~hereto li1.e Jirst. and then I

something that you think is more can start thinking about geiting a job.lYou need to get
important or needs more urgent your priorities right and not waste time doing things that
attention than other things don't matter.

16 to take (s.o./sth) seriously I take it seriously if someone ccc>cusesme of being

to believe that someone or dishonest./She takes her r z ~ \.ei.y
k seriousl~~.ll'm
afraid 1
something is important and can't rake him seriously.
deserves attention or respect

17 to feel strongly (about sthlrhat ...) /le ohviousiy felt strongly about the si1bjec.t. because he
to have strong opinions about lost his temper.11 feel strongly that our immigration l a ~ l s

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something should be changed.

18 to live for (sth) He lives for his work.

to consider something to be the
most important thing in your life

19 to stress (sthlthat ...) He stressed that he didn't want ro cause uny trouble.l~le
to say or indicate strongly that stressed rhe need for greater co-opei.ation between the
something is important police and the public.

20 to emphasise (sthlthat ...) He repeated himself to emphasise that he wasn't joking.lAs

to stress a doctor, I can't ernphasise enough the importance of
regular exercise.

21 to boil down to (sth) The details don't matter. What it boils d o ~ wto is whether
(of a situation. argument. it's possible or not.lWhat the argument really seems to
statement etc.) to have as its main boil down to is money.
issue

Part 2
1 trivial There's no point arguing about something as trivial as
unimportant and uninteresting rhat.

2 minor It's a minor problem, nothing to get worried about.

not important (in comparison with
other things)
Unit 30 ImportantITrivial

3 to make light of (sth) He made light of his money problems - he said they would
to indicate that something (a get better soon.
problem etc.) is not important

4 to laugh (sth) off 'Was he very upset about losing his job?' - 'Not at all, he
to try to make something (a just laughed it off.'
problem etc.) seem unimportant,
by joking about it

5 to shrug (sth) off She shrugged off her disappointment and continued as if
to treat something (a problem etc.) nothing had happened.
as not important or serious

6 to play (sth) down The Government is playing down the economic crisis.
to try to make people think that
something is less important than it
really is

7 so what? 'You were very rude to those people.' - 'So what? 1'11
(colloquial) an expression never see them again.'lSo what if he doesn't like me? I
meaning 'why should I care?' don't like him either.
(used to indicate that you do not
consider something to be
important)
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Unit 30 Exercises
30.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D) which best completes each sentence.
1 His help was ............... to the success of the business.
A main B crucial C basic D major
2 It was only a(n) ............... remark. I don't see why you're taking it so seriously.
A minor B invaluable C fundamental D trivial
3 There's a difference between our two cultures.
...............
A crucial B special C fundamental D main
4 He suffered relatively ...............injuries.
A trivial B basic C minor D weak
5 The ...............problem with the flat is that it is too small.
A important B significant C vital D main
6 We don't want to have to carry a lot of luggage, so only pack the most ............... items.
A essential B main C crucial D significant
7 It's ............... that he didn't go to his son's wedding.
A important B significant C crucial D essential
8 She is a ............... British writer.
A main B major C crucial D vital
9 He's a(n) ............... friend to me.
A significant B vital C invaluable D main
136
 Unit 30 Exercises

10 The ............... ingredient of bread js flour.

A valuable B significant C crucial D basic
1 I We are grateful to Mrs Price for her many years of ............... service.
A essential B crucial C fundamental D valuable

30.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 The actress shrugged ............... the bad reviews.
2 Success often boils ............... to luck.
3 I care about my job and my friends, but ............... all, I care about my family.
4 The chairman played ............... the company's financial problems.
5 S o ............... if she's ten years older than I am? I still intend to marry her.

30.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
I Don't you understand that it's important to be more careful?
importance

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2 'Don't forget, it's only my opinion,' he said.
stressed

3 I wish you'd accept that this is important.

seriously

4 What did his silence mean?

significance

5 He pretended that his latest business failure was not important.

laughed

6 Football is the most important thing in his life.

lives

7 My opinions on religion are not very strong.

strongly
U n i t 30 Exercises

8 You must see a doctor as soon as possible.

vital

9 I want you to understand very clearly that I'm not criticising you.
emphasise

10 It's time you realised what's important and what isn't.

priorities

1 1 He said that the crisis wasn't important.

light

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Unit 3 1 LuckIC hance/Coincidence
Part 1
I luck
a something that seems to be It's u ganze of luck /.ather thuti .ck/ll.iWhc~nI got to rhc
affected by chance and that causes station, the train had alt-cad! lqfi - that's rvpic~~l cfnl!
good or bad things to happen to a luck.
person
b success resulting from chance; I couldn't helie\,e my luck ~ l h e nI real~scw'thut 171i1lcMYI.T
good fortune the winning ticket.lShe shook his hand ond u.ished him
luck.

2 lucky I H'as lucky to find such a good flat so qurc.kly.iThut's the

having. bringing or resulting from second nice thing [hat's happened today - it nllrst be my
good luck; not resulting from lucky day.llt usas lucky that a train came so soon - I
planning, effort or ability might have been late otheru-ise.

3 luckily A c.ur nearly hit me. Luckily. !lie dri~%er

stopped in tin7e.
because of good luck

4 with ( a bit of) luck With ( a hit of) luck, 1'11 ha1.e e ~ ~ o u gmoney
h to g o on
holiday soon.

5 a piecelstroke of luck Meeting him was a piece of luck because he told me about
something lucky this ulonderful place.l'tlou~did jou know where to find
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6 good luck!/best of luck!
us?' - 'We didn't; it Ktas a stroke of lurk.'

Good luck in the exam tomorron~!lBestof luck in the

expressions used to wish someone intertpiew!
success

7 unlucky The team M:ere unlucky to 1ose.iSome people think it's

having, bringing or resulting from unlucky to ulalk under a ladder.
bad luck

8 bad luck!/hard luck! ' I failed the exam.' - 'Bud Iuck!'l'l didn't get the job.' -
expressions used to show 'Hard luck!'
sympathy towards someone who
has been unlucky or disappointed
etc.

9 fortunate It's fortunate that I brought some extra money uwith me./
lucky (particularly in view of the He's fortunate to be alive. considering how bad his
circumstances) injuries were.

10 fortunately Fortunately for her. the burglars took nothing of any real
luckily value.
Unit 31 L u c k / C h a n c e / C o i n c i d e n c e
1 1 unfortunate
a unlucky He's been rather unfortunate in his choice of business
partners.llt's a shame you didn't win - you were
unfortunate, that's all.
b causing you to feel sorry; It was a most unfortunate remark.llt's unfor tunare that you
inappropriate couldn't have told me all this before.

12 unfortunately I'd like to see you. Unfortunately, I'm husy.ll sympathise

it islwas sad or disappointing with your complaint but unfortunately there's nothing I
(that ...); I'm afraid (that ...) can do about it.

13 fate It must have been fate that I was offered a job just when I
the power that is thought to was thinking of leaving mine.
control and dictate everything that
happens, in a way that humans
are unable to change or stop

14 by chance Someone at the party gave me a lrft home because by

without having been planned chance they lived in the same street.

15 a fluke I don't know how I won the game - it was a Jluke.

a piece of accidental good luck,
involving no skill at all

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16 a break
a lucky opportunity that results in
tiis main break came when he entered a local talent
competition, where sitting in the audience was the head of
success a large record company.

17 a coincidence It was a coincidence that we were both in the same bar at

a happening by chance of two or the same time - I had no idea he would be there.lBy an
more things at the same time or in amazing coincidence they not only share the same
the same place, in a surprising birthday, but they both have husbands called Timothy.
way
18 to coincide (with sth) My jnal exam coincides with my birthday.
to happen at the same time

19 to burnplrun into (so.) 1 bumped into a friend in the street.lGuess who I ran into
to meet someone by chance this morning?

20 all being well All being well. 1'11 have saved enough money by next year
as long as nothing unlucky to buy a new car.
happens

21 to happen (to do sth) We just happened to be passing, so we thought we'd come

to do something as a result of and say hello.llfyou happen to see her, will you give her
chance or coincidence this message.
U n i t 31 Exercises
3 1.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 ............... luck! I hope everything goes well for you in the future.
A Best B Better C Best of D Fine
2 The goal was a ............... - I was trying to pass the ball, not to score!
A coincidence B break C fluke D chance
3 By ............... my brother is travelling on the same flight as me.
A fate B fortune C break D coincidence
4 .............. ! I hope you win.
A Have luck B Good luck C Good chance D Good fortune
5 It was a ............... finding somewhere so nice to live.
A good luck B good chance C chance D piece of luck
6 Getting the part of Hamlet at the National Theatre was the ............... he'd been waiting for.
A fluke B break C coincidence D fate
7 I met them ................ I didn't know they were going to be there.
A by luck B with luck C by chance D by fate
8 I t was ...............that I got the job. I just happened to be in the right place at the right time.
A fluke B luck C fortune D chance
9 Someone told me he was dishonest. ............... , 1 hadn't given him any money.
A With luck B By chance C Fortunately D By luck

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10 ............... ! You deserved to win.
A Unfair luck B Nasty luck C Hard luck D Bad fortune
1 1 We had planned to spend the summer in Greece, but ............... had obviously decided otherwise.
A destination B fortune C chance D fate

3 1.2 The word in cupitals at the end ofearh of the following sentences can he used toform a word that fits
suitably in the hlank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting dt.'.L;u~!!! about football. DISCUSS
1 I did a very stupid thing. but .......................... nobody saw me. LUCK
2 Having our passports stolen was a rather ........................ start JO the holiday. FORTUNE
3 I'm ............................ to have such good friends. LUCK
4 I'd love to see you next week, but ............................ , it won't be possible. FORTUNE
5 She must be one of the ............................ people I know. That's the fourth time her
flat has been burgled this month. LUCK
6 Stop complaining! There are many children much less ............................ than yourself. FORTUNE
U n i t 31 Exercises

3 1.3 Finish each ofrhe following sentences in s1lc.h a way that it means ex-acrly the same as the sentence
printed before it.
EXAM PI.^ Who owns that car?
Who does that cur helong 10:)
ASSWER .............................................
1 I met some old friends by chance in the pub.
I bumped .........................................................................................................................................
2 Their party is on the same date as another one I've been invited to.
Their pui-ry coincides ......................................................................................................................
3 By chance I was there when she revealed the truth.
1 huppened...................... .
...........................................................................................................
4 If I'm lucky. I'll get a job as soon as I get there.
With u .............................................................................................................................................
5 Guess who I met by chance on my way here?
Guess who I ran .............................................................................................................................
6 Fortunately, the boat hadn't left.
By a stroke ......................................................................................................................................

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7 If nothing unfortunate happens, 1'11 see you next week.
All being .........................................................................................................................................
Unit 32 New/Old
1 brand-new It looks so clean hec,ause it's bratld-new.
completely new and unused

2 up to date
(spelt with hyphens before a
noun)
a modern; the newest of its type The factoty uses the most up-to-date machinery a~~ailahlc.
b including or having the most It's not a i l e p up-to-date dic.tiotza,l\..ll read u neM,spapPr
recent information every day. so as to keep up to date on hat's happen in^
in the world.ll'm up to dare ~91thmy work. (= I've done
everything I should by now.)

3 the latest It's u very rnodet.17 office. ~ ' i t all

h the latrsr rec.hnology.ll
the most modern or most recent listen to this programme because rhey play ull the late.rt
records.

4 to update (sth) They're updatin,? the office equipment at the moment.

to make something more modern
or up to date

5 valid My passport is valid until the end of the pear.1l'm afr-aid

(of a ticket or document etc.) able )lour ticket is not valid on this particular train.
to be used legally

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6 to run out
to be no longer valid
My passport runs out nexr month, so I'll have to get a neR9
one.

7 to expire The Prime Minister's term of ofSlce expires next month.lMy

to run out (of a period of time); visa expires next week.
to come to an end

8 to renew (sth) I've applied to have my visa renewed because I want to

to replace something old or no stay here longer./lt's about time I had the tyres on my car
longer valid with something new renewed.
or valid

9 to repair (sth) I can't repair the car because I don't know ~ , h a f 'wron,q
s
to put something which has with it.
broken or is not working properly
into good condition again

10 to mend (sth) I tried to mend the clock myself and now it's even MSorse.
to repair

1 1 to fix (sth) I f you can't fix the car yourself, you'll have to get a
to repair professional to do it.
Unit 32 NewIOld

12 to decorate (sth) We're going to decorate the house because we don't like
to paint or put up wallpaper etc, the colours.
on the walls, ceilings etc. of a
house

13 to do (sth) up The house was rather run-down when they bou,qht it hut
to repair or redecorate(an old they've done it up and n o ~it's
? very nice.lOne of his
building, car etc.) hobbies is doing up old motot-hikes.

14 to renovate (sth) They'll have to renovate the building because it's in

to put (a building, machine etc.) terrible condifion.lHe renovates old farm machinery, u1hic.h
back into good condition by he then sells.
repairing

15 to refurbish (sth) The ofSlce had to close while it was being rejirrbished.
to decorate or change the interior
(of a building etc.)

Part 2
1 old-fashioned That style of clothes is old-fashioned nou~.lHe'sgot some
not modern very old-fashioned attitudes.

2 second-hand tie bought a second-hand car which had had two pre~lious

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previously owned by someone
else; not new
owners.

3 out of date The equipment needs replacing because it's out of date./
(spelt with hyphens before a I'm afraid I've got nothing to read except a rather out-of-
noun) old-fashioned; no longer date copy of The Ecotzomist.lMy licence is out of dare -
valid or up to date I'd better get a new one.

4 outdated Her teaching methods are rather outdated.lHe's got some

out of date (especially of ideas outdated ideas on women and society.
etc.)

5 dated I used to love his music but' now it just sounds dated.
no longer fashionable or modern

6 antiquated That kind of machine looks antiquated now, although it

very old-fashioned: no longer was modern twenty years ago.lMany people consider the
relevant to the present Royal Family to he an antiquated tradition.

7 ancient The town is hundreds of years old and has many ancient
extremely old; from or of the buildings.lShe's a professor of ancient history.
distant past

8 an antique Be careful with that table - it's an antique.

a very old and valuable object
 Unit 32 NewIOld

9 run-down The house is run-down because nobody has looked after

old and in bad condition it.lThey live in a rather run-down part of town.
(especially of a building or place)

10 dilapidated The house was dilapidated when they bought it, hut
very run-down; falling to pieces they've spent a lot of money to make it look nice.

Unit 32 Exercises
32.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each senret2c.e.
1 A lot of houses in this area are ............... because nobody has bothered to look after them.
A second-hand B antique C dilapidated D out of date
2 My contract ............... at the end of the year, so I don't know what I'll do after that.
A expires B runs down C invalidates D completes
3 I'm not going to take the car to a garage because I think I can ............... it myself.
A renew B do up C repair D renovate
4 It was a very fashionable film years ago, but i t looks ............... now.
A outdated B dilapidated C dated D antique
5 The shop is being ................ The whole interior is being changed.
A refurbished B repaired C fixed D mended

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6 On the computer system at work, information is ............... every hour
A renewed B renovated C updated D done up
7 This train ticket is ............... until the end of the month.
A updated B worthy C valid D validated
8 The insurance on the car runs out next week. I'd better ...............
A update it B renovate it C renew it D run it in
9 This is a ............... neighbourhood. Most of the buildings are in bad condition.
A damaged B dated C run-down D run-out
10 My hi-fi seems rather ............... now. Well, 1 suppose it is over ten years old.
A antiquated B antique C expired D run-down
1 1 1 couldn't afford a new guitar so I bought a(n) ............... one.
A old-fashioned B outdated C second-hand D antiquated
12 We had to ............... the room because the wallpaper was in terrible condition.
A renovate B renew C decorate D mend
13 Is this information . . . . . . . . . . . . ? Does i t include the most recent changes?
A modern B up to date C brand-new D renewed
14 There's no need to throw that shirt away. It can easily be
A done up B renewed C mended D cured
15 They took us to see an .............. monument which was built almost a thousand years ago.
A outdated B antique C antiquated D ancient
16 My passport is ............... so I can't use it any longer.
A ancient B outdated C out of date D dated
Unit 32 E x e r c i s e s

17 I read a newspaper every day because I like to know the .......... news.
A last B ul~imate C latest D newest
18 They bought an old house. .............. , and then sold it.
A redid it B did it in C did ir up D overdid i t
19 My grandmother's house is full of valuable ..............
A ancients B antiquities C antiques D a ntiquarians
20 'Gramophone' is an ............. word for 'record player'.
A antique B old-fashioned C outdated D ancient
21 You'll never .............. that typewriter. Can't you see it's beyond repair?
A renew B update C renovate D fix
22 Dad's just bought a(n) .............. car.
A updated B brand-new C newest D latest
23 The house has just been ............... so I'm sure you'll agree it's a very fair price.
A renovated B renewed C done over D updated
24 Her contract ............... in two months, so she's looking for another job.
A runs down B runs out C goes out D goes away
25 His views on education are somewhat ................
A expired B run-down C outdated D ancient

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Unit 33 Rich/Poor -
Part 1
1 rich He doesn't hove to worry uhout money hecuuse hi.^ funli!\
having a lot of money or is rich.
possessions etc.

2 wealthy tie doesn't have to usork because he c.onles ji-om a ~t.ealthy

rich furnily.

3 wealth A lot cf his weulth came from c.1eve1-in~.c~stmrnt.

(the possession of) a large amount
of money etc.

4 well-off They must be well-off - they get o tieM. c x n - every yeur.ll

rich enough to be able to do most don't e n ~ o ymy neK1job as much as my old one. hut I'm
of the things that you would like much better off
to do

5 comfortable They haven't got un enormous amounf cf money hut

fairly well-off; not poor they're relatively c.omf)rtable.

6 affluent They lead a very afluent l$estyle.lThe Governnient's

rich and with a high standard of always telling us we live in an ajj7uenr soc,iep, but
living personally I have no experience of it.

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7 to be able to afford (sthlto do
sth)
I can't affooi-d it - it's ulay beyond my price runge./How
much can you aflord to spend?
to have enough money to buy or
do something

8 to be rolling in moneylit She can buy anything she wants - she's rolling in money./
(c-olloquial)to be very rich They must he absolutely rolling in it to live in a house like
rhat.

9 a fortune She started with very little but she's made a fol-tune over
a large amount of money the years.lt-le won a fortune on the football pools.lWhar an
incredible necklace - it'must be worth a fortune.

10 luxury She now lives a life of luxury, somewhere in the

very great comfort, as made Caribhean.iCornpared with some hotels I've stayed in, this
possible by wealth is 1uxury.ilt's her ambition to live in l u x u r ~ .

11 a luxury Eating out in restaurants is a bit of a luxwy for us.lMost

something which is considered to people nowadays regard television as a necessiry rather
be unnecessary or which you do than a luxury./lt would be nice to be able to afford a few
not often have or do, but which luxuries.
provides great pleasure

12 luxurious They live in a lux-urious apartment.

very comfortable and expensive
U n i t 33 R i c h I P o o r

13 a millionaire He started with nothing and he's a millionaire r l o ~ ? .

an extremely rich person;
(literally) a person who has a
million pounds or dollars

14 flash Have you seen her-jash new car.'>

(colloquial) attractive and
expensive looking

Part 2
1 poor They were too poor to afford decent c.lothes./lle's rich
having little or no wealth or now, but he's never forgotten that he came porn a p o o ~ .
possessions family.

2 poverty There's a lot of poverty in that courztt-y.lNohodywants to

the state of being very poor live in poverty.

3 broke I can't go out tonight - I'm broke.

(colloquial) having no money
(often only temporarily)

4 hard up We're all going to be rather hard up for a whi!e. until

not having enough money to buy Dad manages to find a new job.

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the things that you need

5 short (of money) I ' m short of money myself at the moment, so I'm afraid I
fairly hard up can't lend you any.

6 skint Could you lend me some money? I'm skint.

(colloquial) completely without
money

7 tight I was wondering if you could lai it a hit longer for that
(of money) in short supply money I owe you. You see, money's a bit tight at the
moment.

S hardship There's a lot of hardship in areas with high

difficulties in life, often related to unemployment.
poverty; lack of basic necessities

9 to owe (s.0. sth) Don't forget that you owe me f 10.lI still owe them £300
to have an obligation to pay for that decorating they did.

10 a debt They've got a huge debr with the bank.1He always pays his
money that you owe debis promptly.

1 I to be in debt (to s.0.) I never borrow money because I hate being in debr to
to be in the position of owing anyone.lShe suddenly found herself heavily in debt.
money
Unit 33 Exercises
33.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D) which best completes each sentence
1 I wouldn't say that I was rich, but I'm ................
A affluent B wealthy C flash D comfortable
2 I haven't got any money at all. I'm completely ...............
A broken B hard up C short D broke
3 Could you lend me some money? I'm a bit ............... at the moment.
A hard up B tight C indebted D down-and-out
4 They live ............... in a huge villa in France.
A in luxury B with luxury C in wealth D with fortune
5 It's a really ............... area. Everyone's got expensive houses and cars there.
A affluent B comfortable C luxurious D fortunate
6 1 wouldn't say they were rich, but they're certainly ................
A wealthy B well-earned C well-off D well-kept
7 Money's very ............... this month. so we can't afford to go out.
A broke B tight C hard D hard up
8 I mustn't borrow any more money - I'm already badiy ..............
A in deed B on loan C in debt D in doubt
9 I like your new suit - very ............... !
A rich B well-off C flash D affluent

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10 She was so ............... that she was forced to steal.
A tight B poorly C poor D broken
I I He may have a nice house, a nice car and be able to afford to go on nice holidays, bur you
couldn't say he was ................
A well-off B rich C rolling D comfortable
12 I'm ............... already, and it's another two weeks until pay-day.
A poor B tight C hard D skint
13 1 don't have to get up until ten o'clock tomorrow - what a ............... !
A luxury B wealth C fortune D comfort
14 ............... does not always bring happiness.
A Riches B Health C Abundance D Wealth

33.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word that fits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPI.E We had an interesting discussron
................ about football. DISCUSS
1 I've known ............................ all my life. There have been times when I couldn't even
afford a loaf of bread. HARD
2 He became a ......................... at the age of twenty-five. MILLION
3 She's got very ........................... parents. WEALTH
U n i t 33 Exercises

4 Even in a supposedly rich country like Britain. there are still thousands of people
living in ........................ POOR
5 This car is really . . . . . . . . . . . . LUXURY

33.3 Fill eurh of the hlarlks ~ ~ i one

r h slrituhle word.
I Have you seen her enormous diamond ring'? It must have cost a ............ !
2 I'm so hard up at the moment that I can't even ............... to buy you a drink.
3 i f you take that job, you'll be ............... -off than you are now, because the salary's lower
4 1 lent him f 2 0 last month which he still .............. me.
5 He's got so many .............from all the money he's borrowed that I don't know how he'll ever
be able to pay them all off.
6 That's the fifth new car they've bought this month. They must be ............... in money!
7 Could [ borrow f 5 to pay the bill'? I'm a bit ............... of money at the moment.

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Unit 34 Suitable/Convenient
I suitable (for s.o./sth) I'm looking for a s~ritableptv.renr ro (gct n 7 ~u.fefrfor her
right or acceptable for a particular birthduy.lHe'~nor suitable .fit. [his job - he's roo yuiet.1
person, purpose or occasion etc. The jut has three large bedrooms and ~ n u l dhe su~table
&)I- a famil!.

2 unsuitable They rejec.ted the cundidate because he M1u.rrorall,v

not suitable unsuitable.

3 to suit (s.o.)
a to be acceptable or satisfactory I can come at any time that suits vou.lDoes this room s14ir
for someone you or would you prefer something bigger?
b to look good on someone; to Your neu' hairstyle suits gou.lThat c,oloi~rdoe.~n'tsuir him.
make someone look attractive

4 to be suited (to s.o./sth) I don't think he's really suited to being a sa1esman.lNic.k
to have the right qualities or be of and his new girlfr-iend seem really well suited. don't you
the right type for a particular ugt-ee?
purpose or person

5 right fi)r s.o./sth) Are you sure you're mukirig the right rlec~ision?IShe'sthe
best in view of the circums~ances righf person for the job.lThey shouldn't ha\'e ,?or married
- he's not right for her.

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6 convenient
a Cfor s.o.)
suiting someone's plans or a
Can ule arrange a meeting for tomot.ro~l?Would tu,o
o'clock he c.onvenienr?ll'm afraid rhis isn't a very
particular purpose, without convenient place to talk.lI'l1 come back at a time that's
causing any problems more convenient for you.
b (for sth) The flat is convenient for the shops and the underground
(in a place which is) useful in starion.l/faving a bus stop ourside our house is \*erg
saving you time and effort convenient.

7 inconvenient They came at an incon~vnienttime - we were in the

not convenient middle of eating.

8 appropriate I don't think jeans would he appropriate at this type of

right or suitable for the particular party.
circumstances

9 inappropriate I realised that what I was wear-in8 was c.ompletely

not appropriate inappropriate for such a formal occasion.

10 fit (for s.o./sth) These houses aren't fit to be lived in.lThe food we received
good enough or suitable enough in prison wasn't fit for an animal, let alone a human
for a particular person. purpose or being.
thing etc.

1 1 unfit This meat is unfit for human consumption.

not fit
Unit 34 SuitableIConvenient

12 to fit (Lo.) These trousers don't fit ( m e ) - they're too tight.

to be the correct size and shape
etc.

13 to fit in She immediately fitted in because she had thc same sense
to be suitable for a particular of humour as the rest of the stafS.
situation or group of people etc.

14 to match (sth) His tie doesn't march his shil-r.1We'r.elooking for some
to be of a suitable colour or curtains to match the wallpaper..
design etc. for use with something
else

15 to clash (with sth) Her blouse clashes with her skirr.

to be of a completely unsuitable
colour or design for use with
something else; not to match

16 in bad taste Iiis jokes about the plane crash were in bad taste.
unsuitable, rude or not funny in
view of the circumstances

Unit 34 Exercises
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34.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence
1 He changed jobs because he decided that being a computer programmer wasn't ............... for
him.
A fit B right C convenient D suited
2 He isn't ............... such a responsible job. He's hopeless at making decisions.
A fit for B convenient for C fitted in D suited
3 I turned down the job because it was ................ It wasn't what 1 was looking for.
A unsuitable B unfit C inappropriate D unsuited
4 1 left London because I wasn't ............... the hectic lifestyle.
A suited for B convenient for C suitable for D suited to -.

5 I once knew a man called Mr Good - a rather ............... name considering he was sent to prison
for shoplifting!
A unfit B inappropriate C inconvenient D unsuited
6 These flats are clearly ...............for people to live in - they should be pulled down immediately.
A unfit B inappropriate C inconvenient D unsuited
7 She hasn't made many friends at university - she doesn't really seem to ................
A suit B match C fit in D take to
8 I don't think his speech was really ............... for a wedding - it was too depressing.
A fit B convenient C appropriate D suited
 - - - - -
Unit 34 Exercises

34.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 If Tuesday doesn't ...............you, we could meet on Wednesday instead.
2 She spent a long time looking for a sofa that would ............... the carpets.
3 Would it be more .............................. you if I came to your house. instead of you to mine?
4 You can't put the table in that corner because it won't ............... - it's too big.
5 He called at a very ............... time - we were right in the middle of dinner.
6 Making jokes at grandad's funeral was in very ...............................
7 You look great in that dress, it really ............... you!
8 Where I'm living is .............................. work because I don't have to travel far.
9 I saw a few flats but none of them were ............... for me. They were all too small.
10 You can't possibly wear those trousers. They ............... with your jacket.

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Unit 35 Usual/Unusual/Strange
Part I
I usual I sut in my usual seut./ls it usual to ka\vl so m1rc.h tail1 ut
happening, used, done etc. most this time ~ f ~ e u r P I I tU' S. ~U U I ~ ~ Opeople
I~ to S C I c.co-~j.r
~ ~ cit
often Chi-i.rtmus.

2 common That's a common mistake so don't ~ . o r r yuhout rt.lThe

happening or found often or in c.ommonest surnume in Britain 1s pr.obub!\. Smith.llt's now
many places quite common in Britain for c.omples to li\'e together bejhrr
getting married.

3 normal Afier yesterday's accident orz the motorusaF, trafS. 1s no^.

in accordance with what people back to normal.llt's been a normal day - nothing un~rsual
expect or with what is usual: not has happened.11~it nor.mal fir the train to he fate?
strange

4 ordinary I come porn an ordinary t o ~ ~-t ithere's tlothing

not unusual or special parric,ular-ly interesting about it.

5 everyday She gets upset about e~7ervdaypi.oblems.lTrain

common and ordinary (of events canc~rllationsund delays seem to have become an cl.eryda~
that happen as part of normal life) oc'c'urence.

6 average

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a normal (statistically) for a
particular group of people or
things
The averuge age in my cluss is menn<-one.

b ordinary; neither very good nor 'What was the meal like?' - 'Average - I'\-e had better.
very bad

7 on average On at'erage I work about for^ hours u a-eek.

usually or generally (statistically)

8 standard It's standard procedure for most companies to ask

of the usual type prospective employees for references.

9 conventional It's conventional to wear formal clothes at weddings.

following the usual and accepted
ways of behaviour (within a
particular society)

10 typical (cf s.o./sth)

a showing the most usual This is a typical Spanish meal.lThis s ~ l of
e architecture is
qualities of a particular tj/pe of typical of the region.
person or thing (and therefore a
very good example of that type)
b showing the usual behaviour, It's typical of him to turn up late./'lt's raining again' -

exactly as you would expect (used 'Typical!'

to complain about someone or
something)
 U n i t 35 U s u a l / U n u s u a l / S t r a n g e

I I characteristic (of s.o./sth) The elephant let out its c~hat.ccc~teristrc~

(.t.>..iSuth g~ne~.o.~it>.
typical of a person or thing's is c*harar.rei.isticof him.
usual character or behaviour

12 representative (of s.o.lsth) I hope you don't think that his oprnio17.ru1.c t.el~tvse/lrar~\,e
being a typical example of a of all En,qlish people.
particular group (and therefore
showing what the rest of the
group is like)

Part 2
1 unusual
a not usual or common It's unusual for- him to lose his remper..IThat's an unusuul
name. It's not English, is it?
b interesting, because of being She's got an unusual face, quite beautiful in jkct.llt's
different from other things of the certainly an unusual building. but I'm not sur-e if I like it
same type or nor.

2 rare It's rare to see that kind cf old car these days.lThe lau.
very unusual or uncommon aims to protect rare or endangered species.

3 scarce At this time of pear some \ l e g e t ~ h /are

e ~ scarce.
not common, because of being
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difficult to find or in short supply

4 special We had an expensiw meul on mp hirfhday, as it was a

unusual and important; not of the special occasion.l'What are you doin,? this leeke end?' -
ordinary type 'Nothing special.'

5 extraordinary By un extraordinary coincidence my husband, mother, and

very unusual, surprising or special brother all share the same birrhdap.lMy mother is an
extraordinary woman.

6 remarkable His success is a remarkable achievement considering the

very unusual, exceptional and problems he has had. ,
noticeable

7 unique
a being the only one of its type This Louis XV chair is unique.
b very unusual and special Spending six months in India was a unique experienc.e.

8 to be unique t o (s.o./sth) The bouto river dolphin is unique to the Amazon.lThis

to be found only in one particular style of painting is unique to Van Gogh.
person, thing, place etc.

9 strange It's strange that she hasn't phoned me for so long - she
difficult to explain or understand; usually phones every week.lHe has some very strange
unusual ideas.
U n i t 35 U s u a l / U n u s u a l / S t r a n g e

10 odd How odd that nobody is here to meet us./Her hehai'iour

strange or unusual; different from has been rather odd recently.
what you would expect

1 1 peculiar That's peculiar - I had it u minute ago and now I can't

strange (sometimes in an find it./They have some peculiar hahits.1This soup tastes
unpleasant way) rather peculiar - do you think it's all right?

12 to be peculiar to (s.o./sth) Flamenco dancing is peculiar to Spain

to be unique to a particular
person, thing, place etc.

13 curious It's a curious fact that the richer he gets, the more
strange, interesting and possibly miserable he becomes.
mysterious

14 funny He's got some funny ideas. which don't make any sense to
slightly strange or surprising me.

15 unreal I've had so much bad nehls recently that it's unreal.
(of an experience) very strange;
seeming to belong in a dream

16 weird That's weird - I remember putting the letler in this

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(colloquial) very strange and often
mysterious; difficult to accept as
normal
drawer, but it's not here nou'.lShe's got some very weird
ideas./tfe's really weird - you never k n o ~what
to do.
, he's ~ o i n g

17 unconventional Some people stare at him because of his unconventional

not conventional way of dressing.

18 eccentric He's got some very eccentric habits, and it's quite
(of a person) behaving in a way common for him to go to work without any shoes on
which other people consider to be
strange and slightly amusing

19 uncharacteristic It's uncharacteristic of her to use had language.

not characteristic

U n i t 35 Exercises
35.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 There's a(n) ............... smell in here. What on earth is it?
A odd B rare C special D scarce
2 It's ............... that he never mentioned our argument; I wonder why he didn't.
A special B rare C curious D eccentric
3 The programme examines what ............... people feel about fashion.
A average B typical C standard D ordinary
 U n i t 35 Exercises

4 It's ............... for people to get depressed if they're out of work.

A normal B everyday C representative D typical
5 He deals with the ............... matters in the office; his boss deals with the important ones.
A everyday B average C usual D standard
6 Opportunities as good as that are ................
A scarce B peculiar C weird D unconventional
7 It's ...............of her to refuse to admit that she's wrong; she's very stubborn.
A characteristic B ordinary C average D representative
8 It's ............... for me to get so upset about such a small problem; 1 normally don't let such things
worry me.
A eccentric B unusual C remarkable D scarce
9 1 thought it was going to be a brilliant show because of the reviews, but it was only ...............
A normal B common C average D usual
10 What a(n) ............... thing to say! What gave you that idea?
A unique B peculiar C unreal D scarce
1 1 He's not crazy, he's just a bit , that's all.
...............
A uncharacteristic B unreal C eccentric D unique
12 Because she doesn't behave in a very ............... way, people think that she's rather strange.
A usual B conventional C standard D average

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13 The ............... temperature for August was 25°C
A common B average C typical D representative
14 Is it ...............for people to behave like that in this country?
A representative B usual C average D everyday
15 There were some very ............... people at that party last night. They scared me a bit, actually.
A unreal B remarkable C weird D uncharacteristic
16 That's ................ The bus is usually on time, so I've no idea why it's late today.
A strange B rare C scarce D special
17 John took us all out for a meal as a(n) .............. treat.
A unique B special C uncharacteristic D scarce
18 He's got into trouble at work on several occasions because of his ............... way of dealing with
clients.
A unconventional B rare C uncharacteristic D remarkable
19 That's ............... - I'm sure I left my watch on the table but it doesn't seem to be there any
more.
A funny B unique C rare D scarce
20 Smoking is the most ............. cause of lung cancer.
A ordinary B average C normal D common
21 We were given the . . . . . . . . . . opportunity of seeing inside Buckingham Palace.
A peculiar B unique C scarce D odd
22 The car costs f 12,095 for the . . . . . . . . . . . . . model, and £14.250 for the de iuxe version.
A average B standard C common D typical
Unit 35 Exercises

23 The stamp is so ............ that there are only thought to be three ot' them in the whole world.
A weird B rare C strange D odd

35.2 Fill each of the blanks ~ , i t hone suituble ~9oi.d.

1 It's typical ............. him to forget my birthday!
2 Her accent is peculiar ............... the North-East.
3 ............... average I go out about three evenings a week.
4 These hooligans are by no means representative ............... the majority of football fans.
5 This particular problem of pronunciation is unique ............... German speakers.

35.3 The uuwd in capitals at rhe end cfeach cfthe following senrences can he used rofol-ma word that fits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
F,XAMPI.E We had an interesting about football. DISCUSS
1 It's ............................ of him to lose his temper like that - he's usually very calm. CHARACTER
2 Considering the amount of work there was, it's ...................
.... that you've managed
to finish it all so quickly. REMARK
3 So many things have been going wrong recently that it's ............................ - it seems
like a nightmare. REAL
4 Snow in August ! How ............................ ! ORDINARY

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5 I met some tourists who asked me where they could find a ............................ English pub. TYPE
 Section D
Tlzought, Knowledge and A hility

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Units 36-43
Unit 36 Ability
1 to be good (at sthlat doing sth) He's good at crosswords.lShe's very good at telling jokes.
to be able to do something well

2 to be not very good (at sthlat I'm not very good at expressing myself.
doing sth)
to be unable to do something well

3 to be no good (at sthlat doing I'm no good at sport.

sth)
to be completely unable to do
something well; to do something
very badly

4 to be hopeless (at sthlat doing I'm hopeless at spelling.

sth)
to be no good at something

5 to be capable (of sthlof doing sth)

a to have the ability or potential She's capable of being very successful.llie's not capable of
ability to do something looking after himself.
b to be able to do something if This knife is capable of cutting anything you want it to
required cur.lThis car is capable of a top speed of 200 m.p.h.

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6 to beifeel up to (sthldoing sth)
(usually used in negative
statements or questions) to be or
I don't feel up to going out tonight - I'm roo tired.lDo you
think she's up to the job?// don't think my car is really up
to driving on this kind of road.
feel well enough or capable
enough (physically or mentally) to
do something

7 to come naturally Languages seem to come naturally to her.

to be something that you are able
to do easily, without effort

8 talent To he a good actor, hard work is not enough - you must

natural ability to do something have talent.
well (especially creative things)

9 skill It takes a lot of skill to be a surgeon

an ability produced by training

10 a gift (for sthlfor doing sth) He has a gift for music.lShe has a ~~onderful
gifi for
natural ability; talent telling stories.

I I a flair (for sthlfor doing sth) He has a j a i r for cooking and invents some ~ ~ o t ~ d e r f u l
natural ability to do something new recipes.
well and in an interesting way
 U n i t 36 A b i l i t y

12 a knack (of doing sth) He has a knack of being in the right place at rhe right
a special ability that cannot be time.
explained

13 to enable (s.o. to do sth) The bank loan enabled him ro start his own company.
to make it possible for someone to
do something

Unit 36 Exercises
36.1 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word
I This game isn't simply a question of luck, you also need ................
2 He has a .............................. languages and has always been able to learn them very quickly.
3 How's your stomach now? Do you feel .............................. having something to eat?
4 Although he has plenty of ............... , he doesn't have the ambition to be a professional musician.
5 I don't know why, but I seem to have a ...............of saying the wrong thing.
6 I don't need anyone's help. I'm ...............of doing it myself.
7 She has a .............................. organising parties, and always provides something unusual

36.2 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the

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original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPI.E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I ' v e made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 She won't be able to understand something as difficult as that.
capable

2 Card games are not my speciality, although I can play a bit.

good

3 Because of good advice, 1 was able to make the right decision.

enabled

4 I've tried, but I simply can't cook at all.

good

5 He finds it impossible to make decisions.

hopeless
U n i t 36 Exercises

6 I found swimming easy.

naturally

7 She can explain things well.

good

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Unit 37 Anticipate/Predict
Part I
1 to anticipate (sthldoing sthl Are you at~tic.ipatinga lar,qe c,t,o~,tltoni~qht.?il~lotl't
rhut ...) czntic,ipute being here for \,e~-yIong.lDo you unfi(.ipatc clny
to feel that something will happen pi-oblen~s.')/ldidn't un!ic,ipate that the ;our-ney ~ . o u l drake
so long.

2 in anticipation of I had made sure of my fuc.t.7 in arrtic.rpcrrion of un

having anticipated ar~umenr.

3 to foresee (sth) I don't foresee any pt.ohlems - I'ni sure e\.et.jthin,? M , I I I he

to see or know in advance that all right.
something is going to happen

4 unforeseen Clnles.~anything unforeseen happeus. I'Il see you or1

not seen in advance: unexpected Friday.

5 the foreseeable future I'm going to stay here for- the foreseeable firrur.e.
as much o f the future as you can
see

6 to predict (sthlthat ...) It's impossible to ptvdict the result of the next elec,tiot~.!
to make a statement about what She predicted thut I ~vouldbe married ~ l i r hr c c ~children
will happen in the future withit? five years.

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7 predictable
possible to predict
The film had a rather predic.tahle etzding
haljii~aythrough who the murderer M1as.
- I'd guessed

8 unpredictable The weather- tends to he somewhat unpredictable at rhis

impossible to predict time of year.

9 a prediction All the predictions in my horoscope indicate that I'm

a statement about what will going to have a good month.
happen in the future

10 to forecast (sth) The Stock Exchange is fgrecasting anothet- rise in interest

to make a prediction (based on rates.lRain is forecast for this afternoon.
expert knowledge)

I 1 a forecast Do you know what the weather forecast is for today?lThe

a prediction based on expert economic forecast for the next six months is very good.
knowledge

12 to imagine (sthldoing sth) Can you imagine his face when I told him the news?ll can
to form a mental image or picture imagine how you felt. It must have been awful.llmagine not
o f something having to go to work tomorrow! Wouldn't it be
wonder-l?ll can't imagine myself working here much
longer.

13 to come up Unless something comes up, 1'11 see you tomor~row./ltcame

to happen or appear unexpectedly up in conversation that we both knew the same people.
U n i t 37 A n t i c i p a t e I P r e d i c t

14 to crop up I ' m afraid I can't meet you tonight - something's cropped

to come up (often something up at work.
unpleasant)

15 to turn up I don't know what I'm going to do next year, but I'm sw.e
to come up (often something something will turn up.
good)

16 an expectation I had high expectations of the film but it ~yasn'tvery

a strong hope and belief about good.lThe world champion has, against all expectations,
what something will be like; lost.
something that you anticipate or
regard as probable

17 to live up to (sth) The hotel didn't really lille up to our expectations

to be as good as or equal to (your
expectations etc.)

18 prospect (of sthlof doing sth) I don't fancy the prospect of living here all my 1ife.lThe
expectation; mental picture of the prospect of a holiday cheered her up immense1y.lThere
future; chance or possibility isn't much prospect of her changing her mind.

19 prospects They 143 the countt-y because they felt that rheir prospects

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chances for future success were better abroad.

20 the outlook According to economists the outlook is good.

the probable or expected future
situation (often as seen by an
expert)

21 potential Many people feel that the Governmen['spolicy is a

possible, but not yet actual potential disaster.

22 potentially I think this is a potentially good idea, which m i ~ h well

t
succeed.

23 potential She has the potential to be a very good teacher.lShe's got

possible future ability (to do definite management potential.lYour idea has potential.
something well or succeed)

24 scope (for sthlfor doing sth) I took the job because there was scope for introducing my
opportunity (to think or act freely) own ideas.// wish there was more scope for creativiry in
my job.

Part 2
1 inevitable tie never looked after himself so it was ine\'irahle [ha[one
certain to happen; unable to be day he would be seriously ill.
prevented
 Unit 37 Anticipate/Predict

2 a foregone conclusion His exam result was a foregone conclusion - he was

a completely predictable result obviously going to pass.

3 to be liable (to do sth) My car is very old and it's liable to break down at any
to be likely to do something time.

4 to run the risk (of sthlof doing If you expect too much, you rui? the risk of
sth) disappointment.1Anyone who smokes runs the risk oj
to take the chance (of something getting cancer.
dangerous or unpleasant
happening)

5 touch and go During his first few days in hospital, it wus touch and go
not certain; difficult to predict whether he would survive.
(whether something will or will
not happen)

6 in doubt The game is in doubt because of the weather.lHis job is in

with an uncertain future doubt because the company's doing badly.

7 the odds I'm not sure, hut the odds are that you'll find what .you
the probability (of something want in that shop.
happening)

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8 to gamble (on doing sth)
to take a risk in expectation of
success etc.
We haven't booked in advance - we're gambling on
getting tickets when we arrive.

9 these's no tellinglknowing There's no telling what he'll say.lThet.e's no knowing what

it is impossible to predict might happen.

10 it remains to be seen Everything looks good at the moment but it remains to be

it will only be known in the future seen what will happen.

U n i t 37 Exercises
37.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 The plane was late taking off, due to ............... mechanical problems.
A inevitable B unforeseen C unimagined D unpredictable
2 The ending of the joke was so ............... that no one laughed.
A predictable B potential C foreseen D anticipated
3 The job has no ................
A perspective B outlook C prospects D expectations
4 He's ............... on getting another job straightaway.
A anticipating B risking C expecting D gambling
5 If he carries on like that, he's running the ............... of a heart attack.
A odds B risk C gamble D liability
U n i t 37 Exercises

6 There's not much ............... for progression in this job.

A prospect B outlook C expectation D scope
7 I've got to work late tonight - something has ..............
A come out B turned out C come up D turned off
8 There's not much ............... of him finding a cheap hotel in such an expensive city
A potential B prospect C outlook D scope
9 She's got the ............... to do well.
A potential B prospect C outlook D scope
10 I don't think that the situation will change in the .............. future.
A known B predictable C foreseen D foreseeable
1 1 The weather .............. said it was going to rain today.
A prediction R prospect C forecast D scope
12 I can't imagine ............... anywhere except 1,ondon.
A living B to live C live D that I live
13 The newspapers are ............... that there will be a general election in two months.
A turning up B forecasting C imagining D telling
14 My ............... was right. The result of the game was exactly what I said it would be.
A anticipation B prospect C prediction D outlook
15 For me, the film didn't ............... all the enthusiastic publicity it received.

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A come up B live up C turn up to D live up to
16 Don't worry about not finding a job yet. I'm sure something will turn
A up B out C about D in
............... soon.

17 I ............... that the score would be 2-0 but I was wrong.

A told B predicted C looked out D cropped up
18 He was late so often that it was ............... that he would lose his job eventually.
A forecast B inevitable C potential D anticipated
19 I didn't ............... that such a simple matter could become as complicated as it has.
A foresee B gamble C forecast D tell

37.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thatfits
suitably in the blank space. Fill each hlank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting dfs.f!!?!?. about football. DISCUSS
1 I left early in ............................. of heavy traffic. ANTICIPATE
2 She's very ............................. - you never know whether she's going to
be in a good mood or in a bad mood. PREDICT
3 Her latest book didn't really live up to my .............................. EXPECT
4 Sales forecasts indicate a poor ............................. for the clothing industry. LOOK
5 There's no ............................. how he will react. KNOW
 U n i t 37 Exercises

37.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This uvord must not be altered in any waj.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no polnt in arguing: I ' v e made u p m j mind.
.................................................................................
1 I'll have to wait before I know whether he'll keep his promise or not.
remains

2 I'm afraid I'll be a bit late because something unexpected has happened.
cropped

3 There was never any doubt about what the result would be.
conclusion

4 What you're doing might be dangerous.

potentially

5 It's impossible to predict how long it will take to do this.

telling

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6 1 shouldn't think that anything will go wrong.
odds

7 The party might not happen, because she's ill.

doubt

8 He'll probably get here late; he usually does.

liable

9 The profit that might be made is enormous.

potential

10 It's not certain whether I'll be able to pay the bills this month.
touch

1 1 I don't think I'll see him for some time.

anticipate
Unit 38 ConcentratelInterrupt
Part 1
I to concentrate (on sthlon doing He doesn't go out much because he wants to concentrate
sth) on his work./I'm concentrating on making as much money
to give all your attention to as possible.
something
Note: to be concentrated in = to The industry is concentrated in one part of the country.
be all together in one place

2 concentration Most people lose concentration if they work for too long.
the ability to concentrate

3 to focus (on sth) The play focuses on the story of two of the character-s.
to concentrate on one particular
part of something

4 to get down to (sth) I'll have to get down to some work soon - I ha\len't done
to start doing something, any for ages.lRight, let's get down to business, shall we?
especially something which
requires concentration or attention

5 to be engrossed (in sth) I didn't hear you arrive because I was engrossed in a
to have your interest and attention book.

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completely held by something, and
not to be aware of anything else

6 to be preoccupied (with sth) He can't concentrate on his job because he's preoccupied
not to be able to concentrate with his personal problems./You seem rather preoccupied -
because of thinking about are you worried about something?
something else

7 to leave (s.0.) alone I should leave him alone, he's busy at the moment.
to allow someone to be alone; not
to disturb someone

Part 2
I to interrupt ( s o . ) He interrupted me before I'd finished explaining.ll'm sorry
to stop someone in the middle of to interrupt you while you're eating, but I must speak to
doing something you.

2 to disturb (s.0.) Don't disturb your father just now - he's working.lI hope I
to interrupt someone's peace, didn't disturb you by phoning so late. Were you asleep?
concentration etc.

3 to distract (s.0.) The noise outside distracted me while I was trying to

to take someone's attention away work.
from what they are doing
 Unit 38 C o n c e n t r a t e I I n t e r r u ~ t

4 to put (s.o.) off Stop talking, you're putting m e off I ' m trying to think.
to distract someone; to make it
difficult for someone to
concentrate

5 to butt in I wish you'd stop butting in and let me finish my story

to speak before someone else has
finished what they are saying,
often rudely

6 to intrude ( o n s.o./sth) I hope I ' m not intruding on you.1Sorry to intrude on your

to disturb someone's privacy; to meeting, but there's a n urgent phone call for Mi- Shaw.1
enter a situation where you are The questions on this form intrude on m y private life.
not wanted

7 to get in the way (of sth) His social life gets in the way of his studies.
to make it difficult for someone to
do something (by being an
obstacle)

Unit 38 Exercises
38.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , R , C or D ) which best completes each sentence

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1 I wish you wouldn't keep ............... me. Let me finish what I'm saying
A intruding B disturbing C interrupting D butting in
2 After a while I was so tired that I couldn't ................
A be engrossed B be focused C concentrate D be concentrated
3 I think we should ............... the most important points.
A be concentrated on B be concentrated in C focus on D concentrate in
4 I didn't notice the time because I was so ............... in my work.
A concentrated B engrossed C focused D preoccupied
5 Every time I started to say something, he ................
A distracted B disturbed C butted D butted in
6 Most of the population ............... the cities.
A is concentrated in B is concentrated on C concentrates on D is engrossed in
7 I find it difficult to keep my ............... if the television is on while I'm working.
A concentration B focus C preoccupation D dedication
8 I hope the baby didn't ............... you during the night.
A distract B disturb C intrude D butt in
9 Driving through Rome, I was ............... for a second and ended up going into the back of the car
in front!
A disturbed B distracted C got in the way of D engrossed
U n i t 38 E x e r c i s e s

38.2 For each of the sentences below. write a new sentence as similar as possible in meariin,? to rhe
original sentence, bur using the word given. This word must nor he altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There7s no point.. In....................................................
........................ arguing: I've made up my mrtid.

1 If you gave your mind to your work, you might not make so many mistakes.
concentrated

2 A lot of things keep stopping me from working.

way

3 You'll have to start doing some serious work soon.

get

4 I'm trying to concentrate, but all that noise you're making is distracting me.
putting

5 I don't like disturbing her when she's busy.

intruding

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6 Stop disturbing me! Can't you see I'm working?
alone

7 His mind is so much on work at the moment that he doesn't have any time for his family.
preoccupied
Unit 39 Consider/Change your M i n d
I to consider (sthldoing sth) Befirv yoit decide to resign, consider the conseq~lences./
to think carefully about I'm considering resigning but I haven't decided ?.el.
something; to have as a possible
plan

2 to take (sth) into consideration They took into c.onsider.ation [he experience ofeuch
to consider something when candidare hefc~r-ederiding who ro offer the job to.iThe~
making a decision (because you rook the experience of each candidate into c.on.rideration
think it is important) before deciding who to ofer the job to.

3 to take (sth) into account Stop worrying about rhe exam! I'm sure your. teacher hill
to take into consideration take your- illness info ac.count.iStop worying about the
exam! I ' m sure pour- teacher uill take into account your
illness.

4 to bear (sth) in mind If you bear- in mind her problems, it's not surpr.is~r?gshe's
to consider or remember miserahle./You speak English very well, hearing in mind
something before making a that you've only been learning it for four monrhs.
judgement

5 to allow for (sth) She's not stupid. You just have to allow for- the fact that
to take particular circumstances she has no experience of this kind of situation.lAllowing
(a problem, someone's weakness for the rraflc, it'll rake about forty minutes to get there.
etc.) into consideration

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6 to make allowances for
a (s.o.) You've got to make allowances for her. She had a very
to be more tolerant of someone unhappy childhood.1Don't worry, we all know you're new
because they have a particular to the job and we all make allowances for you.
problem or difficulty
b (sth) I know he says some stupid things but you have to make
to allow for allowances for his age.

7 to have in mind 'Will you do me a favour?' - 'It depends on what you

to be considering (a plan or idea); have in mind.'// know I said that I wanted a holiday, but a
to intend weekend at your mother's wasn't exactly what 1 had in
mind!

8 to be thinking of (doing sth) I ' m thinking of going away this weekend.

to be considering (a possible plan)

9 to think (sth) over It's a big decision - I'll have to think it over.
to consider carefully before
deciding

10 to weigh up the pros and cons I'll have to weigh up the pros and cons before making a
to consider the advantages and decision.
disadvantages
Unit 39 ConsiderIChange your M i n d
1 1 all things considered Even though we had some complaints, all things
after considering the advantages considered, it was a good holiday.
and disadvantages

12 to be in two minds (about sth) I'm in two minds about whether to change rnj job.
to be unable to decide (between
two possibilities)

13 to change your mind I said I was going to leave, but I've changed my mind -

to change a decision I've decided to stay.

14 to have second thoughts (about I accepted the offer. but now I'm having second thoughts
sthlabout doing sth) about it.lWe had second thoughts about buying the house
to have doubts about a decision; when we found out how much it cost.
not to know i f your decision was
the right decision

15 on second thoughts I had decided to accept the offer. but on second thoughts I
having thought about it again (an don't think I ~ ~ i l l . l l 'have
l 1 a coffee. No, on second
expression used when you change thoughts 1'11 have an orange juice.
your mind about something)

16 to think twice (about sthlabout If I were you. I'd think twice about giving up your job -

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doing sth) you might not get another one.
to think very carefully about an
important decision; to hesitate
before acting

17 to think better of (sth) I Mias going to say somethin,p I-ude to him, but I thoirght
to realise that something you were better- of it because I didn't M1antan argument
intending to do is a bad idea

18 to rule (s.o./sth)out I had to rule out living in that countr-y because I couldn't
to decide that someone or get a visa.lThe police have ruled him out of their
something cannot be considered as investigation.
a possibility

19 to be out What shall we do tonight? The cinema's out becuuse I've

to be considered to be impossible already been three rimes this week. How about a c.once1-t?
or unacceptable

20 not to bargain for (sth) I was late because I didn't bargain for the train breaking
not to take something into account down.
(often something unpleasant)
Unit 39 Exercises
39.1 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning ro the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point
......................
. arguing; I've made up my mind.
.in.....................................................
1 You should think about the price before you decide whether to buy it or not.
consideration

2 He's not sure whether to go or not.

minds

3 I've considered the advantages and disadvantages and I've decided not to go.
weighed

4 Considering that she's only just started, she's doing very well.
bearing

5 She's not sure whether she wants to marry him or not now.
second

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6 They will consider age and experience when they decide the salary.
account

7 I was going to argue with him, but I decided that it was a bad idea.
better

8 I'm not considering that suggestion.

out

9 I'm thinking that I might leave the country, but I haven't decided yet.
considering

10 When I agreed to do this, I didn't think that it would be so expensive.

bargain

1 1 I'm planning to sell this car and buy another one.

thinking
U n i t 39 Exercises

39.2 Fill each of [he blanks ~ i r hone slritahle war-d.

1 All things ............... , I've quite enjoyed myself here.
2 You should .............. twice about lending him all that money.
3 I t looks like suicide, although the police have not ruled ............. murder.
4 When you said you wanted me to lend you some money, how much did you have in ........... ?
5 You don't have to decide immediately. Think it .............. for a few days and let me know by Friday.
6 The flight gets in at nine o'clock. so allowing ............... passports and customs, I should be out of the
airport by ten o'clock.
7 On ............... thoughts. I will have another drink.
8 Piease be patient and make ............... for the fact that she's not ~vell.
9 I've ............... my mind - I don't want to go now.

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 1 intelligent hlrt hc>'.r intelligent.1She
He hasn't got mLiny yuulijic~atioi~s
having or showing the mental made some intelligent c.omments at the tneeting.
ability to analyse and understand
etc.

2 intelligence Someone ~ i t her

h intelligenc~eis hound to get a good job.
the mental ability to analyse and
understand

3 clever
a intelligent; able to learn and She u,as alwuys very c~leret.at sc,hool.
understand quickly
b showing mental or practical She's very c*le\:er with her hands
ability

4 bright She's one of the hrightesf students in the class.

clever; mentally quick

5 smart Doing that csourse was a smart idea, as it helped him to

(sometimes derogatory) clever, get a herter joh.lYou think you're really smart, don't you?
especially in knowing how to deal Well, you're not.
with situations

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6 brilliant
extremely clever
tie was a brilliant student, the best in the school.

7 a genius Mozart was a child genius.

an exceptionally brilliant person

8 perceptive She was perceptille enough to realise right from the start
able to notice and understand that he was lying.
things quickly, especially things
which other people might not
notice

9 sharp He's so sharp that you can't fool him.lShe9sgot a sharp

mentally quick or perceptive mind.
(often in reacting to situations)

10 educated Although he's well-educated, he doesn't have a very good

having had a good education job.

1 1 sensible She's sensible enough to be left alone to look after the rest
having or showing common sense of the children.lIt's sensible to wear warm clothes when
the weather's cold.

12 common sense You don't have to be clever to do this, it's simply a matter
natural and practical intelligence of common sense.lDon't keep asking me how to do it - use
your common sense!
U n i t 40 I n t e l l i g e n t / S e n s i b l e

13 practical
a (of a person) sensible; able to Be practical - we can't possibly afford to buy a new car./
deal with the realities of life I ' m not at all practical - I can't even change a plug.
b (of an idea etc.) able to be done It wouldn't be practical to live there - it's much too far to
in real circumstances travel t o work.

14 realistic It isn't realistic to expect to learn everything in a short

practical and sensible (because tlme.
you understand and accept the
facts about a situation)

15 down-to-earth l i e ' s down-to-earth enough to realise that he won't

paying attention to practical succeed without hard work.
matters and the realities of life,
rather than abstract ideas

16 to have your feet on the ground She never spends nzore money than she can afford because
to have a realistic and sensible she's got her feet on the ground.
attitude to life

17 wise Because h e ' s wise I always ask my father for advice.11

using intelligence and experience think it's wise to wait for a while before making a
to make sensible judgements decision.

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18 shrewd
having or showing good
He's a shrewd businessman.1He has made some verj
shrewd deals.
judgement and ability to analyse
situations well, especially in
matters which can be turned to
your own advantage

U n i t 40 Exercises
40.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each senrence.
1 I think you'd be to leave now. It looks like there's going to be trouble.
...............
A realistic B wise C shrewd D intelligent
2 She has made some very ...............investments, which have earned her a lot of money.
A bright B practical C shrewd D genial
3 He's very ............... and has never had any trouble passing exams.
A sensible B perceptive C clever D sharp
4 She's quite ............... and is certainly capable of doing a more demanding job than the one she's
doing now.
A wise B bright C practical D sensible
5 It was very ............... of you to notice the mistake - I don't think anyone else did.
A sharp B sensible C intelligent D wise
 U n i t 40 Exercises

6 He's a ............... scientist, one of the best in his field.

A genius B practical C smart D brilliant
7 She won't be influenced by his ridiculous ideas. She's got her feet ................
A on earth B down to earth C on the ground D in the ground
8 If you're so ............... , then why did you fail your English exam?
A practical B shrewd C perceptive D smart
9 I think she's ............... - her books are brilliant.
A genial B a genie C a genus D a genius
10 For someone who is in such a responsible position, he is surprisingly lacking in .............
A sensibility B common sense C sensation D sentiment
1 I She's a very ............... person, so her friends often go to her for advice.
A down-to-earth B basic C earthy D practised

40.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word thatfrts
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting discussion
................ about football. DISCUSS
I Don't you think it would be ............................. to see a doctor? SENSE
2 Don't try to do things too quickly. Set yourself ............................. targets. REAL
3 He is of above average .......................... INTELLIGENT

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4 She is a highly- ........................... woman.
5 Be ............................. - we can't afford to have children just yet.
EDUCATION
PRACTICE
6 She's got a very ............................. mind. PERCEIVE
Unit 41 Stupid/Naive
1 stupid He's too stupid to understand h hat's really happeiiing.1
unintelligent Don't he stupid! You're talking 1-uhhish.llt Meas stupid of
me to say that hecause it upset her-,111h3asa stupid thing
to saj.

2 thick I think she's a bir thick - it takes her ages ro irnderstand

(c-olloquial)(of a person) stupid even rhe most simple things.

3 slow He's rather s I ~ H ' . SO you have to I-epeat things to him

unintelligent; unable to understand several times before he unde~.srandsthem.
things quickly

4 to be slow on the uptake You're a hit slow on the uptake, ar-etl't ~ o u PCan't you see
slow to understand something he's joking?
obvious

5 foolish It was foolish c f y o u to spend so much money.

showing stupidity; doing
something without thinking about
the consequences

6 a fool tie must he a fool !o ignore such a fantastic opportutii~.

a stupid person; someone lacking

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in intelligence or common sense

7 idiotic lt's idiotic to spend so much money on something so

very stupid useless.

8 an idiot Only an idiot could make such a stupid mistake.ll!e's an

a very stupid person idiot to turn down such a good offer.

9 silly That's a sill)^ idea - it won't wor.k./lt was silly of me to

not sensible; rather stupid drink so much - I feel awful now.

10 daft I've forgotten my keys. How daft of me!

(c.olloyuia1) silly; foolish

I 1 ridiculous It's ridiculous that you haile to frll in so many forms for
very silly. unreasonable and such a simple thing.
illogical

12 ludicrous What a ludicrous idea!

extremely ridiculous

13 absurd Don't he ahsurd! lt's much too far- to walk

extremely ridiculous

14 naive tie's so naive that everyone rakes adrantage c,$ him.11

innocent, lacking experience and realise now that I was naive to trust him.
tending to be foolish
 U n i t 41 S t u ~ i d I N a i v e

15 gullible You must he very gullihle if you heliele what those

believing everything that you are politicians are telling you.
told

16 impressionable tie's very impressionable and tends to ('npy the older boys
easily influenced by other people at school.

17 impractical I t would he impractical to take the car. because there's

not sensible, realistic or practical nowhere to park it.
(of actions or ideas)

18 unrealistic It's unrealistic to expect elqeryoneto he honest.

not realistic; not considering the
practical facts of a situation

19 unwise I t would he unwise to make a decision too quicklj.

not sensible (of actions or ideas):
foolish and likely to have a bad
result

20 to have your head in the clouds IIe doesn't realise his plan is impossible because he's got
to be unaware of the realities of his head in the clouds.
life

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21 to live in a fantasy world
to be unaware of the realities of
life; to have very unrealistic ideas
tie's living in u fantasy world
rich in three weeks.
- he thinks he's going to he

U n i t 4.1 Exercises
4 1 . 1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B. C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 1 don't know why I made such a(n) ............... mistake.
A unwise B thick C stupid D guilible
2 'Do storks really bring the babies?' she asked in her typically ............... fashion.
A impractical R absurd C naive D impressionable -
3 He's not very intelligent, in fact you could call him .........
A silly B unwise C daft D thick
4 You'd have to be very ............... to believe everything you read in the papers.
A ridiculous B gullible C absurd D slow
5 I was a bit .............. - it took me ages to get the joke.
A silly B daft C slow D unrealistic
6 The decision to invest her money in such a disreputable company was extremely ...............
A unwise B thick C gullible D impractical
7 'What ............... put salt in my coffee?' he exclaimed.
A fool B foolish C stupid D stupidity
U n i t 41 Exercises

8 It was a(n) ............... conversation. We were both talking about different things without realising
it.
A thick B absurd C unwise D foolish
9 You must have your head in the ............... if you think you're going to succeed without hard
work.
A clouds B ground C sky D air
10 How ............... of me! I've locked myself out of my flat!
A thick B unwise C silly D naive
1 1 Don't be ............... ! Of course we can't afford such an expensive hotel
A daft B slow C naive D gullible
12 You look ............... in those shorts! They're much too big for you.
A impractical B unwise C unrealistic D ludicrous
13 He's at a very ............... age and just tends to follow all the other boys.
A impressive B impressionist C impressionable D impressing
14 If he thinks he's capable of building a house on his own, he's living ................
A in the clouds B in a fantasy world C on the moon D in the sky
15 I was too slow on the ............... to realise that he was trying to trick me.
A intake B uptake C take over D out-take

4 1.2 The word in c*apitalsat the end of each of thefollowing sentences can be used toform a word thatfrts

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suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE df~c~s:~!!?!.
We had an interesting about football. DISCUSS
1 It would be ............................. to make a decision too quickly. FOOL
2 What an .............................thing to do! IDIOT
3 It's a good idea in theory, but rather ............................. PRACTICE
4 That's the most ............................. thing I've ever heard. RIDICULE
5 It would be ............................. to expect to go straight from
leaving school into a managerial position. REAL
1 to remember
a (s.o.lsthldoing sthlthat ...) Of course I remember you, it's Shaun, isn't if?/He
to bring back to mind (people or suddenly remembered that it was his wife's birthday, and
events from the past, information he hadn't even bought her a card.lCan you I-emember
etc.); to be still able to think what she said?/] don't remember seeing him before.11
about or visualise someone or distinctly remember you saying that I could have the car
something from the past today.
b (sthlto do sth) 'Did you remember the eggs?' - 'Oh no. 1 knew there b-as
to be careful not to forget something else I was supposed to buy.'lYou will remember
to feed the cat while I'm on holiday, won't you?

2 a memory
a (for sth) You'll have to excuse her. She's got a rlerq' bad memory
the ability to remember for names.lAlthough he's over eighty. he's still got a very
good memory.
b (of sth) I've got fond memories of my rime there.lThis place brings
(usually used in the plural) back happy memories.
something that you remember

3 to recall (sthldoing sth) I'm sorry but I don't recall your name.11 don't I-ecall
to remember (information, past saying that.lHe can't rec.all when it happened.
actions, events etc.), by thinking
hard

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4 to have no recollection (of sthlof
doing sth)
I have no recollection of being here before

to be unable to remember (past

actions, events etc.)

5 to look back (on sth) She looked back on her childhood u)ith a mixture of
to think about things from your happiness and I-egret.
past

6 to remind ( s o , oflabout sth; s.0. I'm afraid I've forgotten your name - M ' O M / you
~ remind
to do sth) me of it?lCould you renlind Roger about the party on
to make someone remember Friday?lWill you remind me to phone Jenny later?
something (especially by saying
something to them)

7 to remind (s.0.) of (s.o./sth) The painting reminds me of another one in the National
to cause someone to think about Gallery.lDoesn't Rosemar-y remind you of her mother?/
something (often by appearing to This record always reminds me of our holiday in France.
be similar)

8 to recognise (s.o./sth) I reco~niseher f,-om photographs 1'1~e

seen./She didn't
to know that someone or recognise his voice over the phone.
something is the same as someone
or something previously seen,
heard or experienced
U n i t 42 R e m e m b e s / K e m i n d / F o r g e t
9 to ring a bell I'm not sure $1 know him or not hut his name rings a
to remind you of something; to be hell.ltiet-face rings a bell, hut I can't rememhet-jj-om
or sound familiar where.

10 to jog someone's memory The police hoped that taking him back to the scene of the
to help someone to remember crime might help to jog his memory about what happened
something that night.

1 1 to make a note (cf sth) I made a note of his number in case I eiter needed to
to write something down so that phone him.
you will remember it

12 to knowllearn (sth) by heart I learnt the words to the song by heart.lHe k n o ~ ~thes
to know or learn something very poem by hearr.
well so that you can repeat it
perfectly from memory

13 to forget
a (sthlto do sthlthat ...) I'm afr-aid I've forgotten your name.lDon't forget to turn
to fail to remember something the lights out.iShe completely forgot that she had arranged
to meet him.ilDid you video that programme for me?' -
'Oh, sorry. I forgot.'
b (about s.o./sth) If you still think we're going to America for our holidays,

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to put someone or something out
of your mind and stop thinking
about them
then forget (about) it.iIf I were you, I'd forget (about) him.

14 forgetful tie's become vet-yforgetjiul in his old uge.

having the tendency to forget

15 absent-minded My grandfather is terribly absent-minded; he's always

forgetful, often because you are jhrgetting where he's put things.
too busy thinking about other
things

16 to leave (sth behindlsth We'll ha~,eto go back - I've left my wallet behind./
somewhere) Somebody's left their umbrella behind.ll'm always leaving
to forget to bring or take my keys (behind) at the oflce.
something with you

17 to be unable to place (s.0.) I know her face but I catz't plac-e her.ll'm sure I recognise
to be unable to remember where thut voice, hut I can't quite place ir.
or when you last saw or heard
someone

18 to be on the tip of your tongue What's his name? It's on the tip of my tongue
to be something ( a word, name
etc.) that you can almost but not
quite remember
 Unit 42 R e m e m b e r / R e m i n d / F o r g e t

19 to slip your mind Sorry I wasn't at the meeting last night. I t completely
to be forgotten (tenporarily) by slipped my mind.il'n7 sorry I didn't phone you - it slrpped
you (especially something that my 'mind.
you were supposed to do)

20 to go I've been trying to remember the title of that hook hut i t ' s
to disappear from your memory gone.

21 to go blank I knew the subjec-r really ell, but as soon as I go1 in the
to completely forget what was in examination hall, my mind went blank.11 was sc; nervous
your mind; to be unable to think during the inter-view that I went c,ompletely blank - I
couldn't even remember the name of my previous
employer.

Unit 42 Exercises
42.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B , C or Dl which best completes each set7tence
1 She has no ............... of saying such a thing.
A recollection B reminder C souvenir D memory
2 I've got a good ............... for faces.
A recollection B remembrance C souvenir D memory
3 My ............... of childhood are happy ones.

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A memoirs B reminders C souvenirs D memories
4 I hope you didn't forget ............... the plants while I was away.
A to water B watering C water D having watered
5 The actress wore dark glasses to avoid being ................
A recalled B remembered C reminded D recognised
6 Could you ............... him to b r ~ n ghis camera?
A recall B remember C remind D recognise
7 Did you to lock the door?
...............
A recall B remember C remind D recognise
8 Who does Barbara ............... you of'?
A recall B remember C remind D recognise
9 What was his name again? It's ............... completely.
A slipped B gone C flown D left

42.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 I intended to pay my phone bill, but it ............... my mind because I was so busy
2 I can't find my keys. 1 must have ............... them in the car.
3 She's the most ............... person I know. One of these days she'll forget her head!
4 I don't ............... agreeing to do that. Are you sure I did?
5 When I look ..............................those terrible times, I can't believe I survived!
Unit 42 Exercises

6 I know all of the words to this song ............................... I can sing it to you now if you like.
7 He's so absent- ............... that he went to work the other day in his slippers!

42.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meanin8 to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any h7ay.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 I'll write your address down in case I need to write to you.
note

2 Let me give you a clue to help you remember.

jog
.......................................................................................................................................................
3 I've completely forgotten what I was going to say.
blank
.......................................................................................................................................................
4 I can very nearly remember the word.
tongue

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5 1 remember this song from somewhere.
bell

6 1 can't remember when or where I've met him.

place
Unit 43 Understand/Realise
Part 1
1 to get (sth) I don't get it. Why did he behave in such a peculiar way?/
to understand I explained it very carefully. hut he still didn't seem to get
what I was saying.lShe didn't laugh because she didn't get
the joke.

2 to see ' I ' m afraid you'll have to wait until Friday for an
to understand (what someone appointment.' - 'Oh, I see.'/Can'r ,you see that it's a
means or what they are telling completely impossible suggestion?ll see ~ l h a ryou meun
you) about him. He is rather had-rempered. isn't he?

3 to follow (s.o./sth) I couldn't follow the srory - there were too many things
to understand the development of happening at once.lDo you follow me?
something (a story, explanation
etc.)

4 to be with (s.o.) Yes, I'm with you. Carry on.ll'm a)-aid I'm not with jou.
to understand what someone is Could you srart again?
talking about

5 to get the gist (of sth) He spoke very quickl.y, hut I gor rhe gist of what he was
to understand the general meaning saying.
or main points of something said

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or written

6 to seelget someone's point I see your point, hut I still don't agt'ee with you.lDo you
to understand the main idea of get my point?
what someone is saying; to
understand someone's opinion

7 to get someone's drift 'What I'm frying to say is thar we're all treated rather
to understand the general meaning unfairly' - ' Yes, I get your drlft.'
of what someone is saying

8 to make sense Does that make sense? Do you understand what I'm
to be logical or understandable saying?IYour essay doesn't make much sense.11 don't know
why he lost his temper. I t doesn'r make any sense.

9 to make of (s.o./sth) What do you make of the latest news? Do you rhink it's
(usually used after 'what') to good or bad?// don't know what to make of his comment.
understand by or interpret from I don't know if he was joking or not.lNo one real1.y knows
what to make of her.

10 to gather (from s.o./sth; that ...) I ath her fr-om Richard that you're looking for another
to understand because of place to live.// gather you phoned me earlier - what did
information received you want?

1 1 to get through ( t o s.0.) I can't seem to get through ro him that he's making a
to make someone understand terrible mistake.
U n i t 43 UnderstandIRealise

12 to misunderstand (s.0.) Don't misunderstand me. I'm not critic-isin,? you. I'm
to understand wrongly trying to help you.

13 a misunderstanding I'm afraid there's been a misunderstanding. MI. Bradshaw-

a failure to understand something wasn't expecting you until tomorrow..
correctly

14 to miss the point N o , you've missed my point; I wasn't saying that moving
to fail to understand the main idea house was a had idea. just that it would he d i ' c i ~ l rat the
of what someone is saying moment.

15 to be unable to make head or do I fill it in?

I can't make head or rail of this form. HOM-
tail of (sth)
to be completely unable to
understand something; to be
totally confused by something

Part 2
1 to be aware (of sthlthar ...) I'm aware that you don't agree ~ , i t hhet-. You don't ha11e
to realise; to have knowledge of to keep on telling me.lls it really [hat late? / uvasn't aware
something (a fact or situation etc.) of the rirne.lHe was suddenly aware of somebody following
him.

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2 to be well aware (of sthlthat ...)
to be very aware of something
I'ni well aulare that it won't be easv.lWe're w~ellaware c?f
all the problems in~polved.

3 to be conscious (of sthlthat ...) People are becoming more and more conscious of the need
to be aware of something to protect the en\)ironment.

4 to appreciate (sthlthat ...) I don't think you uppreciate the prohlem.ll apprec.iate that
to realise or understand fully you're busy, hut that's rzo excuse for forgetting his
(especially the circumstances of a birthday.
particular situation)

5 to dawn on (s.o.) A feu! days later, the trxth da~7tzedon me.llt suddet7ly
to become known or clear to dawned on him who she was.
someone

6 to occur to (LO.) It occurs to me that I might have made a misrake.//r didn't

(of an idea or thought) to come occ-ur to her to get a tuxi.
suddenly into someone's mind

7 to strike (s.o.) It strikes n7e that this is a cnmplete uVasreof trme.lAn

to occur to someone powerfully auiful thought struck her - did she have enough money to
pay for the meal she had just had.')

8 to cross your mind It crossed my mind that he mi%?hthe 1ying.I'You think I'm
to occur to you briefly or luz),, don't you?' - 'Not at all. The t h o u ~ h tneL1ereven
suddenly crossed my mind.'
 U n i t 43 U n d e r s t a n d I R e a l i s e

9 to be unaware (ofsthlthat ...) She ~ * ac.ompletelj

s unaware of his presence.ll was
not to realise or be aware of unaware that you felt so srron,glj about the subject.
something

10 to be oblivious (to/($ sth) He's oblivious to other people's feelin,q.r.lShe quite

to be unaware of something ohli~liousof all the trouble she had caused.

Unit 43 Exercises
43.1 Choose the urn/-d or phrase ( A , B , C or I>) ~lhichbest completes each sentence.
1 I'm afraid ............... you. Could you repeat what you just said?
A I don't get B I'm not with C 1 don't see D I miss
2 1 ............. it. I thought he was happy here. so why has he left?
A don't get B can't follow C misunderstand D miss
3 'Do you understand what I'm trying to say?' - 'Yes, I ............... what you mean.'
A see B catch C take D follow
4 You've all ............... the point. The film itself is not racist - it simply tries to make us question
our own often racist attitudes.
A mistaken B missed C misunderstood D lost
5 1 often wonder what people abroad make ............... Britain.
A from B by C for D of

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6 I couldn't ............... him because he spoke far too quickly
A gather B follow C see D catch

43.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 There were a few details I didn't understand, but I got the ............... of his explanation.
2 You obviously ............... me. I meant l'd be there before seven o'clock, not after seven o'clock.
3 We were conscious ............... a change in their attitude towards us.
4 She thinks the book is offensive to women, and I can ............... her point.
5 It was just a ................ He thought I'd insulted him, but in fact I hadn't.
6 It was impossible to get .............................. him how stupid he was being.

43.3 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactlj the same as the sentence
printed befc)re it.
F.XAMPLE Who owns that car?
Who does that cur belong t o 7
AhSWER ......
................... .................
1 I don't understand a single word of this letter.
I can't make head ...........................................................................................................................
2 She fully understands that she will have to work hard
She's u,ell ......................................................................................................................................
U n i t 43 E x e r c i s e s

3 He suddenly thought that he might have misunderstood her.

It crossed ........................................................................................................................................
4 He never thought of telling her.
I t never occurred .............................................................................................................................

5 That sentence doesn't have an understandable meaning.

That sentence makes .......................................................................................................................
6 He didn't know about her feelings for him.
He was unaware .............................................................................................................................

43.4 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must nor be altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing: I ' v e made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 Although 1 don't speak Italian very well, I understood the general meaning of what she said.
drift

2 I'm fully aware of the fact that it's not your fault.

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appreciate

3 He doesn't realise what other people are saying about him.

oblivious

4 From what I read in the paper, the economic situation is getting worse.
gather

5 The way I see it. there's only one thing you can do.
strikes

6 He didn't realise the cost involved in buying a house.

aware

7 After a while, I realised that I'd made a terrible mistake.

dawned
 Section E
Communicating

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r /-",

Units 44-46 f-
/

4
fi
Unit 44 Agree/Co-operate/Disagree/Argue
Part I
1 to agree
a (with s.o.; ahoution sth; that ...) I uglve ~ i t her
n on most things.ll L I S I . ~ ~~ . i t hj . 0 ~ 1 ubollt
to (say that you) have the same not making a decision roo quickI~.l.$heagrees /hut the
opinion as someone else whole thing is her fault.
b ( t o sthlto do sth) He wouldn't agree to the terms of the c.onttzl.c~t.lThe~
to say yes to something agreed to gille me my monex hac,k bec.uuse I / h u ~ been
l
their mistake.
c (with sth) I don't agree with \~iolencein any c.rrc.umstanc.e.7
to support or approve of (a moral
issue etc.)

2 to be in agreement Thej're in complete ugreemenr (1r1 the mutter

(formal) to agree

3 agreed ' I f you cook, 1'11 do the u~ushing-up.'- 'Agreed.'

I agree (used when you have
reached a joint decision with
someone about something)

4 to come tolreach an agreement We reached an agreement that M Y w.ould take it in rut-11sto

to agree after discussion cook.lThej came to an agreemenr nor to discuss rhe

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5 to be in favour (of sthlcf doing
subject again.

The majorir). of w~orkersulere in fa\,oui. of strike at~io11.1

st h) I'm in favour of leaving now,.l/fand.s r q all
~ those in favour.
to support something; to think that
something is a good idea

6 to accept
a (sth) If they make me a good enough offer 1'11 accept ir.ltfe
to say yes (to an offer etc.) asked her to marry him and she accepted strai~qhtaw,ay.
b (sthlthat ...) I accept that you were right.lShe still can't accept thur
to agree or recognize that he's dead./tfe refuses to accept the fact that he's wrong
something is true

7 to compromise (ulith s.0.) 1'11 compromise wifh you - jou can huve the cur this
to reach an agreement between weekend $ 1 can have it next weekend.
two extremes

8 to reach a compromise We couldn't agree at the beginning hut e~,enluallywe

10 compromise after discussion reached a compromise.

9 to meet ( s o . ) halfway You'll h a ~ vto meet him h a l ' l a j - jou ~pon'tger

to compromise with someone everything you want.
 U n i t 44 AgreeICo-operate/Disagree/Argue

10 to co-operate (with s.0.) Iie said he ulas ~,illingro co-operare with them because
to work or act together with he didn't want any tt.ouble.
someone; to do what someone
wants in order to help them

1 1 co-operative The secretary ~ ' a s t l ' \,et.j

t co-opet.uti\.e und ~ ' o ~ ~ l dgi\le
n't
helpful; willing to co-operate me the information I wanted.

12 co-operation Thanks to thelt- co-operation, we sol\led the pi-oblem

the act of co-operating

Part 2
1 to disagree
a ( ~ ' i t S.O.
h onlabout sth) We're good friends, e\,en though M,e uften disa,gt-ee.11
to (say that you) have a different disagree with him abour what the best thitl,? to do is
opinion from someone else
b ( ~ ' i t sth)
h I dis/zgree with the Go\1ert~n~etit's
education policy
to believe that something is wrong

2 to have a disagreement (with S.O. I had u disagreement ~ l i t hthe boss about the wn1.k I u,as
about sth) doing, so I left.
(f?)rmal)to disagree verbally

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3 to contradict (s.0.)
to disagree by saying the exact
opposite; to tell someone that they
I can't .ray atij~thing~ ' i f / ~ ohim
u t c~ontt-adictin!:me.

are wrong

4 to dispute (sth) I dispute rhe ofSlc.iaI rvrsion cf ~7hathuppened

Cformal) to believe that something
isn'i true or right

5 to object ( t o sthlto doing sth) I object to the way the boss treats me.11 don't object to
to feel that something is wrong them coming with us.
and not to like it

6 an objection ( t o sthlto doing sth) There were many objections t o the counc.il's plans.11 hare
a reason to disagree; a statement no objection to them stayitlg with us.
of disagreement

7 to be opposed ( t o sthlro doing The Catholic Chur-ch is opposed to di\,orce./tiis parents

sth) ure opposed to him giving up his education.
to disagree strongly with or be
against something, often for moral
reasons

8 opposition ( t o sth) There i.r a lot of opposition to the go\-et-nmenr's defence

strong disagreement policy.
U n i t 4 4 AgreeICo-operatelDisagree1Argue

9 to argue (with s.o.labout sth) Don't argue with me!lThey're always arguing about
to disagree verbally with money.
someone, often angrily

10 to have an argument (with s.o.1 I had an argument with him yesterday about the best way
about sth) to do the job.
to argue

1 I to row (with s.o.labout sth) She often rows with him in public.
to argue noisily and sometimes
violently (often involving people
who know each other well)

12 to have a row (with s.o.labout I had a row with her and now she refuses to speak to me./
sth) They have a lot of rows about money.
to row

13 to quarrel (with s.o.labout sth) The children often quarrel about which programme they're
to argue angrily, often about small going to watch on TI/.
things

14 to have a quarrel They've had a quarrel so they're nor very friendly with
to quarrel each other now.

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15 to bicker (about sth)
to argue like children, about small
things
Will you two stop bickering and let me get some sleep!/
They're always bickering about whose turn it is to do the
washing up.

16 controversial It was a controversial film which shocked many people.

causing argument

Unit 4 4 Exercises
44.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 They're like children. They ............... about the most stupid little things.
A dispute B contradict C oppose D bicker
2 They were ............... about who should make the coffee.
A quarrelling B disputing C objecting D opposing
3 I'm not ............... them staying with us, as long as it's only for a few days.
A disagreed with B opposite C opposed to D objected to
4 They had a(n) ............... and never spoke to each other again.
A dispute B objection C quarrel D opposition
5 'So, we're going to Italy for our holidays, right?' - '................ Now whereabouts in Italy
shall we go?'
A Agree B I'm agree C Agreed D In agreement
6 The players ............... the referee's decision.
A disagreed B disputed C objected D contradicted
 U n i t 44 E x e r c i s e s

44.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 You've just ............... yourself. You said the opposite a few minutes ago.
2 We discussed it for a while and then we ............... an agreement.
3 1 think you should try to ...............with him. You can't both have everything you want
4 I don't ............... that. I don't think it's true at all.
5 He wasn't at all ................ He wouldn't do anything I asked him to do.
6 Thank you for your invitation which we are pleased to ................
7 We look forward to many more years of ............... between our two countries.
8 It is a ............... new law, which many people disagree with.
9 She argues ............... me ...............almost everything.
10 I agree ............... you ............... what the problem is.
1 1 I've never had the slightest disagreement ............... him ............... anything.
12 1 hate to say it. but I disagree ............... you completely.

44.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence. but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPL-E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.

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ANSWER
point
T h e w ' s no point.
.......................in.....................................................
. arguing; I ' \ v made u p my mind

1 I don't mind changing my plans.

objection

2 1 thought about it for a while and then I accepted their offer.

agreed

3 The neighbours were arguing.

row

4 Do we agree?
agreement

5 I don't like having to pay so much for so little.

object

6 He thinks that divorce is wrong.

agree
U n i t 44 Exercises

7 1 don't want to argue with you.

argument

8 In the end we found a solution that suited us both.

compromise

9 I don't think that the way he treats people is right.

disagree

10 I'll compromise with you.

meet

1 I We've agreed to share the cost.

come

12 I expressed my disagreement with his plan.

opposition

13 He thinks that capital punishment is a good idea.

favour

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14 If you do what I ask, everything will be all right.
co-operate

15 I never have arguments with my parents.

row
Unit 45 Show/Prove
I to show
a (s.o. sthlthat ...) They showed me their holiday photographs.l/ler fuce
to allow or cause something to be showed that she was upser.
seen
b to be visible or able to be seen She wore a hat and a sc-atf, so thar otdy her eyes ulerv
showing.lShe didn't let her anger sho~,.il'\'etried to cleun
the dirt off my jacker. Does it still s h o ~ . ?

2 to indicate
a (sthlthat ...) The c.louds seemed to indicate rain./tier rone of ~?oic-e
to suggest or show the possibility indic ared thar she was angry.
or probability o f something
b (sth) 'Sit down' he said, indicating rhe chail- in rhe corner.
to show by pointing

3 to reveal (sthlthat ...) He revealed that he had never really liked her.lA
to allow something previously nationwide survey has revealed thar three our of every four
secret, unknown or out o f sight to people are dissatisfied with their jobs.lShe rook off her hat
be known or seen to reveal a mass of c.urls.

4 to disclose (sth) Iie refused ro disclose his income

to reveal private information

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5 to give (sth) away
to reveal the truth about
something (especially something
The expression on his fuc-e gave a u q his real feelings.

that you are trying to hide)

6 to expose (s.o./sth) On tonight's programme we expose the truth about the

to reveal the truth about someone Minister and the former model.
or something (especially when it
involves a crime or scandal)

7 to let on tie must have known the [ruth hut he didn't let on./lf I fell
to reveal a secret you, do you promise nor to let on?

8 to come out E ~ ~ e n t u airl l c-ume

~ out thar he'd been lying all rhe time.
to be revealed

9 to convey (sth) The film conveys the horror of war like 110 other film I've
to make known or to communicate seen.lHe conveyed his anger by glaring ar me.
(ideas. thoughts, feelings etc.)

10 to point (sth) out (to s.0.) tie pointed our some iizteresting huildit7,q.s d u r r n ~the
to show or tell someone journey.11 should point out to you rhat this is only a
something that they hadn't suggestion. so please feel b e e ro criric~ise.lAsI poinred out
previously noticed or known Iusr &leek,there are jusr roo many PI-ohlemsinvol~~ed.
U n i t 45 S h o w I P r o v e

1 I to prove (sthlthat ...) Your results prove that you haven't been orki king hard
to show that something is true or enough./The ~jitness'sstatement proved his innocence.
correct

12 proof (of sthlthat ...) Keep the r-eceipt us proof that you paid the bill.lThe police
something that shows that suspect him bur they halte no proof.11 had to s h o ~them
, my
something is true; documents, passport as proof of identity.
information etc. that prove
something

13 it (just) goes to show He's rich but unhappy. It (just) Roes to show that money
it proves isn' t e~perything.

14 a sign (of sthlthat ...) When he starts shouting, it's a sign that he's drunk./
something that shows you or gives Expensive jeweller)' is a .rip of ~lealth.
you an idea o f the presence o f
something else

15 an indication (of sthlrhat ...) The expression on his face was an indication of his mood./
something that indicates All the indications are that the union will accept the offer
something else; a sign or c.f a ten per cent pay increase.
suggestion

16 indicative of (sth) t f i s nasty comments about her are indicati\.e of his attitude

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(formal) showing or suggesting

17 a gesture
towards women in general.

a a movement o f the body, l f e raised his fist in a gesture of defianre.1He made a rude
especially the hands, to indicate gesture with his fingers to s h o ~ lthat he didn't like me.
an idea or feeling
b something that is done as an I bought them a pr-esent as a gesture of thanks.
indication of (often friendly)
intentions

18 to nodlshake your head She nodded her head in agreemenr.lWhen he asked her if
to indicate 'yes' or 'no' by she wanted to go, she shook her head firmly.
moving your head

19 to shrug your shoulders When I asked him for his opinion he just shrugged his
to raise your shoulders to show shoulders.
that you are not interested in
something, do not care or do not
know

20 to pull a face When she told him to do the washing-up. he pulled a

to make a twisted, ugly expression face.lShe pulled a face to make the little boy laugh.
on your face in order to show
your dislike or disgust, or possibly
to cause laughter
 U n i t 45 ShowIProve

21 to hide (sth from s.0.)

a to put something where it I hid her present in the u'ar-drohe.lShe ants me to gi1.e up
cannot be seen or found smoking, so she has hidden my cigarettes.
b to keep something (information, She was unable to hide he/- disappointment.llie ac.cxised
feelings etc.) secret her of hiding the facts from him.

Unit 45 Exercises
45.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B. C or D ) which hesr completes each sentence
1 She ............... the money so that no one would be able to find it.
A let on B disclosed C conveyed D hid
2 He ............... that he hadn't left the job; he'd been sacked.
A revealed B conveyed C showed D exposed
3 It's difficult to ............... the atmosphere of Paris to somone who hasn't been there.
A point out B disclose C convey D indicate
4 The report ............... the corruption in the Government.
A conveyed B exposed C let on D indicated
5 I asked him, but he wouldn't ............... how much he'd paid for it.
A convey B disclose C come out D show
6 I know you weren't enjoying yourself, but you shouldn't have ............... it; that was rude.

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A given away B shown C exposed D disclosed
7 He paid me some money in advance as ............... that he was honest.
A gesture B indication C test D proof
8 The expression on his face ............... that he was rather worried.
A gestured B indicated C came out D pointed out
9 I know he stole the money, but I can't ............... it because I didn't actually see him.
A indicate B expose C prove D reveal
10 When questioned about the Government's defence plans, the Minister gave very little ...............
A out B up C away D off
1 1 He showed no ............... of nervousness.
A sign B signal C gesture D proof
12 I invited them to dinner as a .............. of friendship.
A gesture B signal C sample D proof
13 She kept smiling because she didn't want to ............... that she found him boring.
A give away B point out C let on D come out

45.2 Fill each of the blanks wirh one suitable word.

1 It has recently come ............... that the Government's version of events was untrue
2 She obviously didn't care because she simply ............... her shoulders.
3 Don't just sit there and ............. your head. If you don't agree. tell me why.
4 If you hadn't pointed .............. where I was going wrong. I'd never have known.
Unit 45 Exercises

5 Her kindness towards you is indicative ............... her caring nature.

6 Since he ...............his head, I assumed that he agreed.
7 I thought he was honest. It just goes .............................that people are seldom what they seem.
8 He ............... a face when his mother told him to tidy his room because he didn't want to do it.
9 He made a ............... with his hand to show that he wanted me to follow him.
10 1 felt that the people I talked to on my first day there gave me an .............................what the company
was really like.

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Unit 46 suggest
1 a suggestion What are we going to do tonight? Does anyone h a ~ ~any
e
something that is suggested; an suggestions?
idea or plan

2 to make a suggestion Can I make a suggestion? W h j don't you trj to do it this

way?

3 to imply (sthlthat ...) t f i s silence on the matter seemed to imply agreement.ll got
to suggest indirectly annoyed because he seemed to he implying that I wasn't
telling the truth.

4 an implication They didn't give me a definite answer., bur the implication

something that is implied was that I would get the job.

5 not in aslso many words She didn't say it in as many words, but I got the
not directly, but suggested impression that she was very unhappy.

6 to hint (at sthlthat ...) tie hinted that 1 should leave by looking at his watch.lThe
to suggest or mention indirectly Prime Minister hinted that there ~louldhave to he
that something is the case, or that changes.lShe hinted at the possibility of change.
you want something

7 to drop a hint tfelen has dropped a hint that she wants me to buy her a

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to suggest something indirectly watch for Christmas.
(hoping that it will be understood)

8 a clue The police searched the area hut couldn't jind any clues
something that suggests the
answer to a question or problem

9 to give (s.o.) a clue I don't know the answer. Give me a clue - what's the firsr
to tell someone something to help letter?
them find the answer to a question
or problem

10 to guess (sth) IIe guessed my height correctl~./'Gwssh o ~old

. she is?' -
to suggest an answer without ' I don't know. About thirty jive?'
knowing i f it is correct

1 1 a guess This is just a Ruess but I think it might cost you about
a suggested answer or idea, o f f 100.lIf you're not sure of an answer, i f ' s a l ~ ~ a better
ys to
which you are not sure have a guess than to write nothing.

12 to propose
a (sthlthat ...) I propose that we have a meerin~tomorrow to discuss this
(formal) to suggest (a plan or matter further./The Soviet Union has proposed jbrther talks
idea) for consideration on arms reducrions.
b (to s.o.) Ile proposed to her in the restaurant, and she agreed
to suggest marriage immediately.
U n i t 46 Suggest

13 advice Ife asked a lawyer. for advice.11 don't know what to do - I

suggestion(s) about what someone need some ad~ice.lShetook the doctor's advice and stayed
should do (often given by in bed.
someone who knows more)

14 a tip The book contains lots of good lips for anvone thinking of
a small but useful suggestion or starting their own business.lLet me give you a tip. If you
piece of advice (often from an want ro improve your English, read an English newspaper.
expert)

15 to warn ( s o . to do sth/ The policeman warned them that the roads were wet.lMq'
S.O. that ...) parents warned me not to talk to strangers when I was a
to suggest strongly that something child.lShe warned him ro be careful.
is dangerous or that something
bad may happen (especially if
someone does or does not do
something)

U n i t 46 Exercises
46.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A . B , C or D ) which best completes each sentence.
1 If peeling onions makes you cry, a useful ............... is to peel them under water.
A tap B trap C tip D trip

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2 The management has ............... a new deal which they hope will end the strike.
A hinted B proposed C implied D warned
3 What exactly are you ............... at?
A hinting B implying C suggesting D proposing
4 The look he gave us seemed to ............... disapproval.
A hint B imply C propose D warn
5 She kept looking at her watch and ...............hints that she wanted us to leave.
A giving B taking C doing D dropping
6 I've no idea how old she is. Give me a ............... - is she older or younger than you are?
A clue B guess C tip D track

46.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 'Did he actually say that?' - 'Well, not .............................................words, but that was the
impression I got.'
2 I ............... you not to trust him but you didn't listen to me.
3 He .............................. her several times before she finally agreed to marry him.
4 He didn't say so directly, but the ............... was that I'd be sacked if I was late again.
5 I have a ................ Why don't we all go in my car?
6 ............... who I saw today? You'll never believe it!
7 She gave me some excellent ............... which was very helpful to me.
8 Could I ............... a suggestion?
200
 Section F
Doing and Causing

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Units 47-50
Unit 47 Encourage/Discourage/Persuade/Force
Part I
1 to encourage (s.0. to do sth) I did well at school because the teachers enc~ouragedme
to tell someone that what they are to work hard.
doing or want to do is good; to
give someone confidence

2 encouragement My parents' encouragement gave me the c.ot?fidence to

the act of encouraging carry on.

3 an encouragement Her words were an encouragement to him.

someihing which encourages
someone

4 to support
a (s.o.) I f they criticise you. I ' l l support you.lHer parents support
to help or defend someone in a her in every decision she makes.
practical way, often verbally
b (s.o.) When I didn't have a job my parents supported me.
to provide money for someone to
live on
c (sth) I don't support the Government's education policy
to agree with or approve of (an

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idea or proposal etc.)
d (s.o./sth) Which football team do you support?
to follow or be loyal to (a sports
team etc.)

5 to back (s.0.) up I f there's an argument, I'll hack vou up.

to support someone who is in a
difficult situation

6 to give (s.0.) moral support I went with her to the interview to gil'e her moral support.
to support someone by
encouraging them. but without
giving any practical help

7 to discourage (s.0. from doing He discouraged her from giving up her joh.lDon9t be
sth) discouraged by the price, it really is worth it.
to tell someone or cause them to
think that what they want to do is
a bad idea; to make someone less
enthusiastic about something

8 an incentive (to do sth) The prospect of higher wages is an incenti\*e to uw-k

something that encourages you to harder.
do something
 Unit 47 E n c o u r a ~ e / D i s c o u r a ~ e / P e r s u a d e / F o r c e

9 to deter (s.0,from doing sth) They have dogs to deter people from hr-caking in.
to (try to) stop someone from
doing something, by the threat o f
something unpleasant

10 a deterrent Whether capital punishment is reully a deterrenr, as some

something that deters you from people claim, is questionable.
doing something

1 1 to put (s.o.)off (sthldoing sth) Your terrible stories about New Yor-k have put me ofSgoing
to cause someone not to want to there.
do something

Part 2
1 to persuade
a (s.o. to do sth) At first I didn't agree, but she persuaded me to change mv
to cause someone to agree to do mind.lCan't you persuade her ro come to the cinema
something (often by giving tonight?
reasons etc.)
b (s.o. that ...) Eventually she persuaded me that she was right and I M>as
to make someone believe wrong.
something (often involving a

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discussion)

2 to convince
a (s.o. to do sth) He convinced her to marry him.
to persuade someone to do
something
b (s.o. of sth1s.o. that ...) She convinced him that she had been telling the tr-uth.lShe
to make someone believe that convinced everybody of his guilt.
something is true

3 to urge (s.o. to do sth) They urged me to get a good education.

to advise or encourage someone
very strongly to do something

4 to talk ( s o . ) into (sthldoing sih) She didn't want to go at first but he talked her info it.
to persuade someone to do
something

5 to talk (s.0.) out of (sthldoing They talked him out of leaving.

sth)
to persuade someone not to do
something
U n i t 47 Encourage/Discourage/Persuade/Force

6 to force ( s o . to d o sth) The thieves forced him to give them his money.11 was so
to make someone do something angry that I was forced to say something.
that they do not want to do by
ordering them, or making it
impossible for them not to do it

7 to push
a (s.o. to d o sth) They're pushing m e to make a decision quickly.
to try to force someone to do
something (which they do not
want to do)
b (s.o. into sth1s.o. into doing sth) I wanted to turn down the offer, but my family pushed me
to succeed in forcing someone to into accepting it.11 really didn't want to come out tonight.
do something but Carol pushed m e into it.

8 to put pressure ( o n S.O.to d o sth) My landlord is putting pressure on m e to pay the rent a s
to try to force someone to do I ' m three months late.
something

9 to go on (at s.o.) Stop going on at me! 1'11 fix. the roof when I've got time.
to talk continually in order to put
pressure on someone to do
something

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10 to chase (s.o.) up
to urge or remind someone to do
Since they haven't replied to your enquiry I think you'd
better chase them up.
something that you want them to
do, and that they haven't yet done

1 1 to impose (sth on s o . ) fie always imposes his choice on other people - he never
to force someone to accept lets them decide for themselves.1They're trying to impose a
something (an opinion, belief etc.) no-smoking ruie at work.

12 to have no choice (but to d o sth) The Prime Minister had no choice but to resign.ll'm afraid
to be forced to do something you have no choice but to accept our recommendations.
because there is no alternative

U n i t 47 Exercises
47.1 Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means e x a c ~ l ythe same as the sentence
printed before it.
EXAMPLE Who owns that car?
AKSWER
Who does that car belong to?
.............................................
1 I was going to leave, but because of what she said, I didn't.
She persuaded ...............................................................................................................................
2 1 didn't want to buy i t , but because he insisted, I bought it.
t i e pushed ......................................................................................................................................
 Unit 47 Exercises

3 'You must think about it carefully before you decide,' she told me.
She urxed ......................................................................................................................................
4 '1 am innocent,' she said. and the court believed her.
She con~?inc.ed................................................................................................................................
5 She says that it's good if I make my own decisions.
She encw4rages ..............................................................................................................................
6 His wife keeps telling him that he should get a better job.
His u ~ f eis pushing ........................................................................................................................
7 'You're making a terrible mistake,' she told me, and eventually I believed her.
She persuaded ...............................................................................................................................
8 Why did he decide to go to Italy instead of France?
What convinced .............................................................................................................................

47.2 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 My mother is always going ............... at me to give up smoking.
2 The salesman tried to talk her ............... buying a set of encyclopaedias.
3 My landlady is chasing me ............... about the rent, as it's now three weeks late.

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4 His recent car crash has put him ...............driving.
5 Happily, the policewoman talked the robber ..............................shooting his hostage.

47.3 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word musr not be alrered in any w a y
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
There's no point in arguing; I've made up my mind.
.................................................................................
1 They have security guards so that people won't try to steal.
discourage
.......................................................................................................................................................
2 They're telling me that I must make a decision soon.
pressure

3 When I make my complaint, I hope that you'll say you agree with me.
back

4 She's always trying to force other people to accept her opinions.

impose
U n i t 47 E x e r c i s e s
5 He has always done things to help her in her career.
supported

He offered them more money to encourage them to do the job quickly.

incentive

The judge gave a harsh sentence so that other people wouldn't commit the same crime.
deter

Because of the circumstances. I have to act quickly.

forced

She was nervous about going to the doctor's, so I went with her so that she wouldn't be alone.
moral

He doesn't earn enough money to survive.

support

I need as many people to encourage me as I can get.

encouragement

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Many people believe that the death penalty deters criminals.
deterrent

1 was forced to apologise.

choice

My favourite cricket team is Hampshire County Cricket Club.

support
Unit 48 infiuence/lgnore
Part 1
I to influence (s.o./sth) Children are influenced by fheir parenfs.lYour advice
to cause someone or something to influenced my decision./His paintings are i.leu1.1.v
change, behave or happen in a influenced by the Italian School.
particular way (by using
persuasion or suggestion rather
than force, or by example)

2 influence (on s.o./sth) You only hale to look at the h,aj he dresses nou., to see
the ability or power to influence how much influence his friends ha1.e had on him./He u ~ ) u l d
someone or something never have got the job without his father's injuence.

3 an influence (on s.o./sth) Her grandmother has a great influence on het-./I agree thar
the effect that someone or the portrayal of violence in jilms can have an influence on
something has on the way people our own behat,iour.lThe Rolling Stones have obviously
think or behave, or on what been a big influence on their music.
happens; a person or thing that
has the power to influence

4 to affect
a (s.o./sth) He claims he won't be affected by his new-found wealth./
to cause a change in the way The Government's new law affects a lot of people's lives.
people think or act, or in a

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particular situation
b (s.o.)
to cause someone to have feelings
She's so tough that not even [he worst rhings seem to
affect her.lAlthough he tries not to show it. I rhink losing
of sadness, love, anger etc. his job has really affecred him.

5 to have an effect (on s.o./sth) When his girlfriend left him, it had a terrible effect on his
to cause a change; to touch or confidence./l tried to persuade her but my words had no
influence a person's mind, effect on her.
emotions, experience etc.

6 to make an impression (on s o . ) Advertising always tries to make an impression on people.

to have a strong effect on
someone's mind or feelings

7 to make a difference (to s.o./sth) Before you decide to get mlrrried, don't for-get it sill make
to influence or change someone or an enormous difference to your lifestyle./The new law
something makes no difference to me.

8 to have a bearing (on sth) Money wasn't the only reason I took the job hut it
to be part of the reason for certainly had a bearing on it.
something; to have some effect on
or connection with something

9 to play a part (in sth) /fomesic.kness played a part in his dec.isior7 to leut,e.
to have some effect on something;
to be partly responsible for
something
Unit 48 Influence/Ignore

10 to have a say (in sth) Money had a say in my choice of career.lHe has a lot of
to have an influence on something say in the running of this company.
(especially when making a
decision)
'
1 1 to contribute (to sth) Her acting contributed to the success of the play.
to help to cause (an event or
situation)

Part 2
1 to ignore (s.o./sth) She ignored my advice.// don't know what I've said to
to behave as if someone or upset her, hut she completely ignored me this morning.iThe
something does not exist (by not bank sent me a nasty letter which / ignored.
reacting); to refuse to be
influenced by someone or
something

2 to take no notice (of s.o./sth) She rook no notice of my warning.l/'m not going to take
not to be influenced by someone any notice of their criticism.
or something; to ignore

3 to pay no attention (to s.o./sth) She paid no attention to my point of view.lPay no attention
to take no notice of someone or to him - he doesn't know what he's talking about.

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something; to behave as if
someone or something is
unimportant

4 to disregard (sth) Disregard what I told you before - the situation is

to ignore different now.

5 regardless (of s.o.lsth) I'm going to do it regardless of what anyone thinks.

without paying any attention to
someone or something

Unit 48 Exercises
48.1 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word thatfrts
suitably in the blank space. Fill each blank in this way.
discussion
EXAMPLE We had an interesting ................about football. DISCUSS
1 He completely ............................ the signs telling him to slow down, and ended up crashing into a wall.
REGARD
2 Her words made a great .............................on the crowd. IMPRESS
3 Your personal experiences have a ............................. on your attitude to life. BEAR
4 He pays no .......................... to anything I say. ATTEND
5 She's determined to prove his innocence, ............................. of how long it takes. REGARD
 U n i t 48 E x e r c i s e s

48.2 For each of (he sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence, but using the word given. This word must not be altered in any way.
EXAMPI-E It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
There's no polnt in arguing; I ' v e made up my mind.
ANSWER .................................................................................
1 Don't listen to him - he doesn't know what he's talking about
notice

2 Your mistake didn't influence the way things turned out.

difference

3 The recent increases in air fares haven't changed the number of people wanting to fly
effect

4 We all felt sad at the news of her death.

affected

5 He was partly responsible for his own failure.

contributed

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6 1 don't influence the way that the business is managed.
say

7 Don't let other people have an effect on you!

influenced

8 Everyone contributed to the team's success.

part

9 His personal problems have an influence on his ability to do his job.

affect

10 I didn't react to his unpleasant comments.

ignored

1 1 A lot of people believe that television affects the way we behave.

influence
Unit 49 Involve/Interfere
Part I
1 to involve
a (sthldoing sth) The job involves a lot of travel.ltlaving a par-h i~n.ol\~es
to require or include as a inviting people, h u v i n ~ f o o d...11 ulon't accept the offer
necessary part or consequence until 1 know what's involved.
b (s.o. in sth) Don't inrvlve yourself in their- problems.lWe dldn't tell you
to become or cause to become hecuuse we didn't want to involve you.
part of something

2 involved
a (in sth) Ife's involved in carious different kinds of business.llt's
having an active part in something impossible to get anything done as there are just too mun!
people involved.
b (usith s.o.) Don't get involved kith him - he's dishonc.st.lShe's
closely connected or in a close seriously involrved with a married man.
relationship with someone

3 involvement (in sth) His in\'olvement in politics hexan he hen he was u studenr
the act of being involved

4 to mean (doing sth) Starting a business means takin,? a risk.

to involve as a necessary

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consequence

5 to take part (in sth) Thousands of people took purr in the demonsrt-ation
to participate in or be part of (an
organised event etc.)

6 to join
a (sth) I joined a union when 1 started ~ ~ o r . k
to become a member
b (s.o.) Why don't -YOU join us for dinner tonight?
to come together with

7 to join in (with s.0.) Everybody else was singing so I joined it7 (with them).
to start doing what other people
are doing

8 to go alonglcome along They were going to u party, so I wletlt along too.1We'r.e

to go or come with someone: to going to the pub tonight. W h j don'r you come along?
accompany someone

9 to concern (s.0.) I don't want to hear your opinion - this siruation doesn't
to affect or involve: to be of c.ot7c.el-n you.lThe environment is an issue which c.onc.erns
interest or importance to someone us all.
 U n i t 49 Involve/Interfere

10 to interfere I ktli.yh ~ o u ' dtop inte/;fer.rn~!This 1.7 r n hrrsrn~ss.

~
to get involved i n something that
doesn't concern you

1 1 interference I could do this u lot fuste~.~./t/10ut

!-OI/I. i~r/ei;fC~.ot~(~~.
the act of interfering

1 2 to be nosey Shc~'ster.rih1~nose! - she's ulnw\.s cisking I ~ I - s o n u l

to be too interested in other yuestions.
people's private matters

13 to pry (into sth) I do,?'! lrke to /I/:\. hut ~ , h owas that mun I X U M . !.o~rwith
to try to find out about someone's lust night.?// hate these forms ktJ~ic.hpi:\. into Four.jifinunc.ia1
personal. private life afSaairs.

14 to gatecrash (sth) A lot cf people gatec,/.aslied the purh.

to go (to a party, concert etc.)
without ;ln invitationlticket

15 to have nothing to do with (s.0.) This hus got nothing to do nith jou, so don't inro:fer-c..
not to concern someone

16 to be none of your business I'm nor going to suj unytliing ahour it, hec~nuseit's none
not to concern you of my b u s i n e s s . l ' l f o much
~ ~ do you earn. Dad?' - "l'hut's

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17 to mind your own business
none of you/' business. '

Mind your o ~ business!

~ n This is u private rnuttrv..
not to interfere

18 to keep out (of sth) I kept out cf their arglamenr because rt lzu~itrothirig to do
not to get involved in something kith me.

19 to keep yourself to yourself The neighhours hardly knon. him because he keeps himself
to stay on your own; not to get to himsev
involved with people

20 to keep your distance (from s.0.) l'nz keeping my distance from him hecuuse I don't ti.u.~t
not to get involved with someone him.

2 1 to keep someone at arm's length She kept him at arm's 1et1,qthfor the fir.sr couple cf monrhs
not to get too involved or friendly until she was completely sure that she could trust him.
with someone
Unit 49 Exercises
49.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or D)which best completes each sentence.
1 I've ...............a sports club so that I can play regularly.
A joined B enlisted C taken part in D involved
2 Stop ............... ! This has nothing to do with you.
A gatecrashing B interfering C involving D introducing
3 My previous job involved ............... the office.
A run B to run C running D that I ran
4 You go ahead to the restaurant. I'll ............... you later.
A join B unite with C come along with D accompany
5 We're going for a drink now - why don't you ................
A join B come with C come along D accompany

49.2 The word in capitals at the end of each of the following sentences can be used toform a word t h a ~ j t s
suitably in the hlank space. Fill each blank in this way.
EXAMPLE We had an interesting discussion
................ about football. DISCUSS
1 Reports suggest the ........................... of a senior minister in the scandal. INVOLVE
2 Leave me alone! 1 don't want any .............................. INTERFERE
3 Don't be s o ............................. ! NOSE
4 He stood at the door to make sure that no one ............................. the party. GATE

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5 We never intended to get so ........................... with each other. INVOLVE

49.3 Fill each of the blanks with one suitable word.

1 1 never wanted to involve you ............... my problems.
2 ............... your own business - this has got nothing to do with you.
3 1 asked if I could join ............... with their game.
4 After her refusal of marriage, he resolved to keep her at .............. length.
5 My private life is ............... of your business.
6 She prefers to ............... herself to herself.

49.4 For each of the sentences below, write a new sentence as similar as possible in meaning to the
original sentence. but using the word given. This word must not he altered in any way.
EXAMPLE It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
ANSWER
There's no point in arguing. I'\le made u p my mind.
.................................................................................
I 1 wish he wouldn't keep asking me about my sex life.
prying
 U n i t 49 E x e r c i s e s

2 If you have children. you have to change your whole lifestyle.

means

3 This is none of your business.

concern

4 I didn't get involved in their conversation.

kept

5 She said it was none of my business.

nothing

6 I prefer not to get too involved with him.

distance

7 1 didn't participate in the argument.

part

8 The decision had nothing to do with me.

involved

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Unit 50 Succeed/Fail
Part 1
I to succeed
a ( i n do in^ 5th) fie tl.rcd to pcv..ruudc nrcJ hrrr he cfrdtr'r s~rc.c,ec~cl 'Afler
to do what you have tried to do: months o f p l u n n r n ~crnd se\.e~.uluttenrpts. tho t ~ l ~n/cJn o
to reach your aim ~ ~ (clin7hi1ii:
JjrruI!\. . C U ~ Y . C C I 117 J~ Morrilt E\.c~~.r.\r.
b to have the result that wa\ If their plun hud suc,c,eedcd. the ~-ohhcl:$~,oiiltihu1.c ,yo!
intended or wished for; to work in U M U ~
~ ,ith
n1or.e rhun f5.000.000.INohod! reuII\ c.\pc2c.ts
a satisfactory way their tnut.t.ru,qe to s14(,(,ee(i.
c to do well in life: to reach a She sturted h o c.ur.e~/.,
tieternrrned to .suc.c.c~c~tl.
high position

7 s~ccessful(117 dorn,y 5 t h ) I hope you'll he .sruc.c~cs.sJirl111 .firrtlitrg .cor??c~.lrc~r-e

to 11\.c.
hav~ngsucceeded in what you It Mas u .TLI~~~.PS.T~UI
e~.eniligund e~.er\'onec7~qo).ed
wanted to do or in what was then1sel1.es.lS/2e'su suc.c.e.c.$~{l uc.t~.es.s.
intended

3 success tie ~ * o r khu1.d

s hec.truse hc ~ . u n t s.slrc,c,c.s.s.
the act of succeeding: the
achievement of wealth. fame etc.

4 a success The tneal M ' U S u suc~('e.r.s

- PI.CI.\'OIIP
11ked ~ t . l N othat
~ he's
a successful person or thing such u suc-c.ess on tele\.i.cio~r,he ne\*e~-
.cec2.$his old fr.ienri.s.

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5 to make a success of (sth)
to make sure that something is
S h c ' . ~detei-n~lnedto make a ,TM(Y.~s.F.
(?f't/irh~,i.siness.

successful

6 to manage ( t o do sth) I looked fit- the hook rn se\v/.ul shops hut I didn't n i u ~ r u ~ e
to succeed in doing something to find it.lDid JOIA n~unugero find ~or41.
ke\.s.')
difficult

7 to achieve (sth) She's ulw,u~.s~'unredto he i.ic.11 ~ i n dI I O M , .she's nc./iie~,edI !

to succeed in reaching your aim

X an achievement e.\.um. d e . y ~ ~(111

The fact /hut she gor an A ir~.Y/~e t e hrt
something that is achieved. ,family problems, is a ~*onderfulac-hiel-ement.
especially by hard work. effort
and perseverance

9 to make progress tie mndet.stood ~ ~ i ~ - t u anorking

llq at the heginnr~rgof thc
to move forwards towards c.ounre, hut he's making pi-o~t-ess no^,.
achieving something

10 to get somewhere Afier years of struggling to make his c,ompan! pr($tahle.

to make progress he'x finally getting snme~,here.

I I to make headway Ther-e's still a lot o f MVOI-k

to d o on the house, bur ~ . e ' r - e
to make progress with a problem muking h e u d ~ ~ a y .
or difficult situation
12 to d o well She's doing ell ut .rc,hool anti ,qetrin,q h ~ ma/.k.s
~ h in all
to achieve success: to make her e.rams.
progress

13 to go places She's re,-v urnhitiolr., u i ~ dI ' I ? I s1r1.r7 [hut ~ . h u t r ~ *she

ri.
to become more and more chooses to do, she'll go pluc,e.c.
successful in your career

13 to make it Afrc~r!curs cf tr,ving he jinullj. t~ludci t us o pt.(!fe.~.~1017uI

to become successful in achieving musicsian.lShe o ants to he N doc.tor hut I don't think shr'll
what you want nzake it.

15 to fulfil your potential As a jqoun<gM,oman .rhc b1,as c>ot~.ritie/.cd

to 11tr1.c( I bt-illianr
to achieve the success that you futut.e. hut she neler ylrlre fulfilled her potet~tlul.
are capable of

16 t o r e a l i s e ( s t h ) She finullj reulised her urnbition to t~.ur.eli.oulid thf ~ . o r / d .

to succeed in making something
(a hope. ambition etc.) real

17 a hit
a successful film. play or record
etc.

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18 to get your own way
to succeed in getting what you
want despite opposition and often
I insisted fir .so long, [hut I el~entrrall,~
~ o my
t 0M.n h,ay

selfishly

Part 2
1 t o fail
a ( t o do sth) Arne/.lc.a's latest urrenipr on the ~c'orldland s p e d re(-or-d
not to succeed has failed./She failed to C ~ I I I ' I I ~ ( the
, P j u y of her
inrzocvnce.lShe asked a lor of quesrions hut she failed to
find out what his sect-er h.as.
b (sth) 'Ilou3did j'ou get on in !out. B i o l o ~ ye.ram?' -- 'Oh. I
not to pass (a test or examination) failed.'

2 failure The peace rcrlks seem almost cvrtuit? to end in failure

the act of failing: a lack of
success

3 a failure The film has been a complete ho.x-ofice failur-e.lHe gets

an unsuccessful person or thing depressed because he thinks he's a failure.

4 unsuccessful I applied for- a job hut I was unsucc~essful

not successful
U n i t 50 SucceedIFail

5 to come to nothing I thought he was going to give me a job hut the oj$ee,.
(of a plan, opportunity etc.) to fail came to nothing.
to happen; to result in nothing

6 to fall through The trip to France fell through at the last minu~ebecause 1
(of a plan, business deal etc.) to broke my 1eg.lThe deal fell through.
fail to happen or be completed
successfully

7 to get nowhere I've been trying to repair this car for ages hut I'm ,qetting
to make no progress nowhere.lNo matter how much I tried to c30nvincv him. I
didn't get anywhere.

8 to draw a blank I phoned several agencies for a ticket hut drew a blank ut
to fail to find what you are all of them.
looking for

9 at a standstill Her career is at a standstill at the moment and she's

not progressing frustrated.

10 to fall back on (sth) My father insisted that I got some qualifications so that I
to have available in case would have something to fall hack on in case I didn't
something else fails make i f as an actor.

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Part 3
I to go well The parry went well - everyone enjoyed it.l'lJokl's you^.
(of an event or situation etc.) to be new job?' - 'Oh, it's going really well.'
successful; to progress
successfully

2 to go smoothly The journey went very smoothly and h1earrir.ed with time
to go well and be free of to spare.
problems

3 to go according to plan If everything goes according to plan, 1'11 he 11-avellin,qthe

(of an event or situation etc.) to world next year.
progress in the way that was
planned

4 to work It's a good idea hut I don't think it'll wor.k.11 tried to
(of a plan or idea etc.) to succeed per-suade him hut it didn't work.

5 to go wrong Whenever r h i n ~ sgo wrong, he runs to his put.rnfs

to start happening in a way that
was unplanned and to begin to fail

6 to go badly The exam went badly because I c>ouldn3rU I I S M - ~ utiy

I. rf rhc
(of an event or situation etc.) to be questions.
unsuccessful
Unit 50 Exercises
50.1 Choose the word or phrase ( A , B. C or D) which besf complefes each sentence.
1 She never really ............... it as an actress.
A made B fulfilled C got D managed
2 If our plan ............... , we'll have the money by Friday.
A goes B functions C achieves D works
3 She's ............... well at work and should get promoted soon.
A going B doing C making D getting
4 After several months of hard work, the police are finally ............... somewhere with their
investigation.
A going B doing C making D getting
5 Our plans to have a party fell ............... when Mum and Dad came back a week early from
holiday.
A down B back C out D through
6 She gave up arguing with him because she wasn't ............... anything.
A fulfilling B making C achieving D managing
7 He ...............his ambition to be famous.
A managed B realised C won D succeeded
8 The group had a ............... once, but none of their other songs was successful
A win B hit C success D achievement

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50.2 The word in c.upituls at the end of each of the following sentences (,anhe used t o form u ~'01.d
suitably in the blank space. Fill each hlank in this way.
that fit3

We had an interestingl."f!?~.:'!?
F.XAMPI.E about football. DISCUSS
1 I hope the meeting was .............................. SUCCEED
2 Landing a spacecraft on the moon was a great ............................. for mankind. ACHIEVE
3 He may be a very good actor, but as a singer he is a complete ............................ FAIL
4 Her business has been a huge .............................. SUCCEED
5 The negotiations are at a ............................ , with neither side willing to make concessions. STAND
6 Despite going to German classes twice a week, 1 don't feel I'm making much ............................with the
language. HEAD
7 His attempt to break the world record was sadly ............................. SUCCEED

50.3 Fill each cf the blanks ~ l i r hone suitable M-OI-d.

1 Decorating the house is a big job. but we're .............. progress.
2 Attempts by the police to find him have all drawn a ................

3 He did so little work that it's hardly surprising that he ............ all of his exams.
4 It's nice to know that I've got my old job to fall ................. if my new one goes badly.
5 I feel sorry for her that all her efforts have ........... to nothing.
6 She's an excellent student and we all hope she will ............ her potential in the years to come
U n i t 50 E x e r c i s e s

7 His la5t three marriages have ended in divorce, but he's determined to .......... a success of this one.
8 Despite working all through the night she .............. to finish the job on time.

50.4 For each o f the sentei7c.e.~he lo^,, wt-ire a tzeMxsentet?ce us similar us pos.rible it7 n~eutlingto the
ot-iginul .set7tenc~,hut U . T ~ I I Rthe ~ ' o r d~ i v e nThis
. ~ ' o r dmust /?or he altered it1 an! M U \ . .
~.XAVPI.F. It's no use arguing: I've made up my mind.
point
A\Shf-R
That.e'.r no point . rn u t . ~ u i n I~' \,e
..........................
. .
. . n ~ u d eup m\, mrnd
...............................................
1 Was the exam OK?
well

2 Although I set off late. I succeeded in getting there on time.

managed

3 Nothing bad happened on my first day at work.

smoothly

4 The whole day happened as planned.

according

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5 1 gave up trying to make friends with the other students because I was making no progress.
now here

6 I t seems that whatever I try to do. something bad always happens

wrong

7 She always gets what she wants

way

8 He's becoming very successful.

places

9 Did you manage to get a ticket?

succeed

10 The evening was unsuccessful and ended in an argument.

badly
 Appendix r e
1 Infinitive Past tense Past participle Past tense Past participle
arlse arl\en get got For
awake auoke awoken. awaked g1.e ra\e P I \ en
be (am. I \ . are) was. were been eo went $one
bear bore borne grlnd ground prou~id
beat beat beaten grow grew grown
become became become hang hung hung
begin began begun have (has) had hati
bend bent bent hear heard hzdrd
bet bet bet h~de hld hldderi
bld hld bld hit hit 1711
b~nd bound hound hold held held
b~te bll h~tten hurt hurl hurt
bleed bled bled keep kep~ kept
blow bleu blown kneel knelt knelt
break broke broken know kneu k nou n
breed bred hred lay lad la~d
brlng brought brought lead led led
broadcast broadcast broadcast lean leant. leaned leant. leaned
bu~ld bullt built leap leapt. leaped leapt. leaped
burn burnt. burned burnt. burned learn learnt, learned learnt. learned
burst burst burst leave left left
buy bought bought lend lent lent
cat1 cast let let ler
catch caught caught Ile la) la~n

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choose
cl~ng
come
chose
clung
came
chosen
clung
come
l~ght
low
make
Ill
lo>[
made
111
lo\[
made
cost cost cost mean meant meant
creep crept crept meet met met
cut cut cut m~stake m~stook mlslaken
deal dealt dealt mlrunder\tand rn~sunderstood rn~tundersrood
d1g dug dug Pay pa~d pa~d
do dld done Put Put put
draw drew drawn read read read
dream dreamt. dreamed dreamt, dreamed r~de rode r~dden
drlnk drank drunk rlng rang. rung rung
dr~ve drove drlven rlse rose rlsen
eat ate eaten run ran run
fall fell fallen taY \a~d sa~d
feed fed fed see saw seen
feel felt felt seek sought sought
tight fought fought sell sold sold
tind found found send tent sent
flee fled fled \el set tet
fl~ng flung flung sew sewed \ewn. \ewed
fly flew flown shake sliook shaken
forb~d forbade, forbad forb~dden shlne shone shone
forecast forecast forecast shoot shot shot
foresee foresaw foreseen show showed shown. showed
forget forgot forgotten thrlnk bhrank shrunk
forg~ve forgave forg~ven shut shut shut
freeze froze frozen slng sang wng
A p p e n d i x I r r e g u l a r verbs

Infinitive Past tense Past participle

sink sank sunk, sunken
sit sat sat
slay slew slain
sleep slept slept
slide slid slid
sl1t slit slit
smell smelt. smelled smelt, smelled
SOW sowed sown, sowed
speak spoke spoken
speed sped sped
spell spelt, spelled spelt, spelled
spend spent spent
spill spilt, spilled spilt, spilled
spin spun, span spun
spit spat spat
split split split
spo1l spo~lt,spoiled spoilt, spoiled
spread spread spread
spring sprang sprung
stand stood stood
steal stole stolen
stick stuck stuck
sting stung stung
stink stank, stunk stunk
strike
swear
sweep
swim
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struck
swore
swept
swam
struck. stricken
sworn
swept
swum
swing swung swung
take took taken
teach taught taught
tear tore torn
tell told told
thlnk thought thought
throw threw thrown
thrust thrust thrust
tread trod trodden. trod
understand understood understood
unwind unwound unwound
upset upset upset
wake woke woken
wear wore worn
weave wove woven
weep wept wept
wln won won
wind wound wound
wrlte wrote written
Answer Key J
Unit 1 8 Frankly, there's no easy solution to
1.1 1B 2D 3D 4C 5D 6B 7A 8B your problems.
9C 10D 11B 12A 13C 14D 15D
16A 17D 18A 19C Unit 4
4.1 1C 2D 3B 4C 5C 6A 7D 8B
1.2 I Use 2 aboutlaround 3 good 4 make
9A 10A 1IB 12D 13D 14B 15C
5 around 6 up 7 about 8 on
16A 17B
Unit 2 4.2 1 rip 2 about 3 liar 4 cheat 5 lie
2.1 1D 2A 3D 4D 5A 6B 7B 8D
4.3 1 He conned me into paying far too
9C 10A 1 l D 12C 13D 14A 15D
much for it.
16A 17B 18C 19C 20D 21C
2 Why are you lying to me?
22C 23C 24A 25D
3 She tricked me into giving her £ 10.1
2.2 1 Take care of yourself. She tricked me out of £10.
2 Watch out for thieves if you go to that 4 I told a lie because I didn't want to say
part of town. what had really happened.
3 I took a lot of trouble over this letter. 5 They ripped me off.
4 I've installed an alarm to protect my 6 When I checked my change, 1 realised
car fromlagainst thieves. that I'd been done out of £5.
5 I bought it on the spur of the moment. 7 He conned me out of a lot of money./
6 You're jumping to conclusions. He conned me into giving him a lot of
7 I'm very particular about who I discuss money.
my private life with. 8 He cheated me out of £20.
8 I was careful not to offend them. 9 You weren't taken in by his story. were

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9 1'11 keep my eyes open for you at the
concert, although I expect it will be
very crowded. Unit 5
you?

10 She's very fussy about the kind of 5.1 1B 2C 3B 4C 5D 6C 7A 8A

hotels she stays in. 9C 10B 1IC 12D
1 1 Will you look after the flat while I'm
5.2 1 selfishness 2 appreciation 3 unkind
away?
4 consideration 5 sympathetic 6 greed
12 Mind your head!/Mind you don't hit
7 kindness 8 appreciative
your head!
13 I'm not fussy whether we go or not. 5.3 1 give 2 with 3 tight 4 grateful
14 Look out for a red door when you 5 appreciate 6 for 7 self 8 greedy
arrive - that's my flat.
Unit 6
Unit 3 6.1 1A 2C 3B 4A 5C 6B 7C 8B
3.1 1C 2C 3B 4D 5C 6C 7A 8A 9D 10B 11C 12B 13B 14A 15A
9B 10C 16C
3.2 1 You're not telling the truth. 6.2 1 offence 2 tactful 3 flattery
2 To be honest, I didn't understand a 4 crawler 5 well-mannered 6 offensive
word he said. 7 tactless 8 ill-mameredbad-mannered
3 Is she trustworthy?
6.3 1 insult 2 flattering 3 cheek
4 To be frank, you're wasting your time.
4 compliment 5 flattered 6 offended
5 He's never afraid to speak his mind.
7 tact
6 The witness is completely reliable.
7 To tell you the truth, I couldn't care
less what you think.
Answer Key

Unit 7 10 It makes me sick to see so much food

7.1 ID 2B 3A 4B 5C 6B 7D 8B being wasted.
9C 10A
Unit I1
7.2 1 self-conscious 2 boastbrag 3 bossy
11.1 1A 2A 3A 4C 5B
4 modest 5 self-confidence 6 show off
7 condescendingJpatronising 1 1.2 I sureJcertain 2 optimist 3 of
8 big-headed 9 down to 10 confident 4 pessimist 5 doubts
I I domineering 12 belowbeneath
1 1.3 I Hopefully, 1'11 be goingfl'rn going
13 self-confident 14 down on
skiing at Christmas.
15 boastingbragging about
2 I'm sceptical oflabout his reasons for
16 confidence
being nice to me.
3 Look on the bright side! You're young
Unit 8 and healthy and will have plenty more
8.1 IC 2A 3A 4D 5B 6C 7A 8B
opportunities.
8.2 I pig-headed 2 determination 4 Are you optimistic about your chances
3 persistence 4 perseverance of getting promotion?
5 single-minded 5 I'm not quite sure oflabout the meaning
8.3 1 take no 2 to 3 in 4 set in 5 at of this word.
6 with 6 All I can do is cross my fingers and
hope for the best.
Unit 9 7 No doubt he'll be late, as usual.
9.1 IC 2D 3A 4B 5C 6B 8 I'm pessimistic about the future.
9 I had (my) reservations about him at
9.2

9.3
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1 impatient 2 intolerance
3 broad-minded 4 patience
1 patient 2 up with 3 stand
5 tolerant
first, but now he seems very good at
his job.
10 Is she hopeful of getting the job?
4 intolerant 5 tolerate 6 tolerance
Unit 12
Unit 10 12.1 1C 2A 3A 4D 5B 6B
10.1 IB 2C 3D 4B 5D 6C 7B 8C
12.2 1 mysterious 2 confusion 3 puzzling
9B 10C 11A
4 bewildered 5 confusing 6 mystified
10.2 1 frustrating 2 irritable 3 annoying
12.3 1 If you change all the plans now, you'll
4 frustration 5 irritating 6 infuriating
only cause confusion.
10.3 1 She'll go mad when she finds out 2 The whole subject bewilders me.
what's happened. 3 What p u ~ z l e sme is why he did such a
2 He lost his temper because we all strange thing./lt puzzles me why he did
disagreed with him. such a strange thing.
3 She's in a bad mood today. 4 I'm confused about what you want me
4 I'm sick (and tired) of being treated as to do.
an inferior! 5 They look so alike that it's easy to mix
5 He had a f i t when he saw the damage her up with her sister.
that had been done to his car. 6 I was so worried that I couldn't think
6 His arrogance gets up my nose. straight.
7 I've had enough of people ordering me 7 His disappearance is a mystery to us.
a bout. 8 You're not the first person to confuse
8 Waiting for buses gets on my nerves. me with my twin brother.
9 Having to get up so early is a pain in 9 I'm not clear about how to fill in this
the neck. form.
 Answer Key

Unit 13 2 Some people are frightened to go out

13.1 1A 2C 3B 4D 5C 6B 7D 8B because of the amount of crime.
9A 10D 11B 12D 3 I'm afraid of him.
4 1 said nothing for fear of offending her.
13.2 1 The news of his death hasn't sunk in
5 They have three locks on the door
yet.
because they're afraid of being burgled.
2 There are a few problems which we
6 I'm dreading making that speech at the
ought to try to clear up.
wedding tomorrow.
3 It's obvious that she doesn't like me.
7 I agreed with him because I was scared
4 He's got such a strong accent that half
of making the situation even worse.
the time I can't make out a word he's
8 I don't know what's going to happen
saying.
but I fear the worst.
5 He gave us so much information that it
9 I'm being very careful because I'm
was impossible to take everything in.
frightened of making a mistake.
6 He obviously doesn't understand you./
10 It's a frightening thought.
Obviously he doesn't understand you.
1 1 I dread to thirik how much it's going to
7 Are you clear about how to find my
cost.
house'?
12 When I think what the world might be
like in twenty years' time it scares me./
Unit 14
It scares me to think what the world
14.1 1 humiliation 2 embarrassed
might be like in twenty years' time.
3 shame 4 embarrassment
13 I wouldn't have the nerve to say a
5 humiliated 6 embarrassing
thing like that.
7 humiliating 8 guilt
14 I'm terrified of guns.
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14.2 1 about
5 about
2 of 3 make 4 blushed
Unit 16
16.1 1C 2A 3B 4B 5C 6D
14.3 1 Things have got so bad that I'm
reduced to having to borrow money 16.2 1 enjoyable 2 satisfactory
from other people. 3 willingness 4 thrilling 5 enjoyment
2 I felt a fool when I realised what I'd 6 delightful 7 satisfaction 8 exciting
done. 9 pleasure 10 excitement l l happiness
3 Her lack of education is an
16.3 1 with 2 for 3 about 4 about 5 for
embarrassment to her.
4 She went red at the mention of his 16.4 1 I hope you enjoy yourself.
name. 2 I bought myself a present to cheer
5 He feels responsible for the accident. myself up.
6 He's got a (guilty) conscience about 3 I'm willing to discuss it with you.
cheating them. 4 Did you have a good time last night?
7 It embarrasses her when people tell her 5 I'm happy to do whatever you want me
how beautiful she is. to do.
8 The boss likes to humiliate people in 6 I enjoyed seeing all my old friends
front of others. again.
7 I'm prepared to work hard, if that's
Unit 15 what I have to do.
15.1 ID 2C 3B 4C 5B 6C 7C 8C 8 Are you pleased with your new car?
9A IOC 11B 12C 13A 14B 15A 9 She won't be happy about me changing
16B 17D the arrangements.
10 I'm looking forward to seeing you next
15.2 1 I didn't dare (to) tell him what I really
week.
thought.
Answer K e y

Unit 17 2 He's got a chip on his shoulder because

17.1 1C 2C 3D 4D 5C 6B 7B he didn't go to university.
3 He got hiiown back on-her.
17.2 1 about 2 inlwith 3 about 4 up
4 They're resentful about not getting paid
5 aboutlat
what they think they should be paid.
17.3 1 hurtful 2 upsetting 3 depressing 5 I don't begrudge her her success (- she
4 sadness 5 depression 6 reluctance deserves i t ) .
7 disappointing 8 unhappiness 6 I'm envious of their happy relationship.
9 d e ~ r e s s e d 10 miserable
17.4 1 If you want to make a complaint, you'll
Unit 20
20.1 1 feel ... for 2 aboutlfor 3 made ...
have to see the manager.
excuse 4 apology 5 apologise 6 for
2 I'm reluctant to criticise him because
he's a good friend of mine. 20.2 1 I'm afraid (that) I'm rather busy at he
3 When I was away, I missed my family. moment.
4 Her job is getting her down. 2 He apologised for not telling me before.
5 We were expecting her to win, so it 3 I was sorry to leave that house because
was a disappointment when she didn't. I liked living there.
4 We regret that we won't be able to
Unit 18 come to your party.
18.1 1C 2C 3C 4A 5C 6B 5 I'm sorry to (have to) inform you that
we no longer need you.
18.2 1 enthusiasm 2 fascinating
3 boredom 4 interest 5 fanatics
6 obsession 7 bore 8 interests
Unit 21

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18.3 1 I was fascinated by the stories she told
me.
21.1 ID 2C 3A 4C 5A 6C 7C 8A
9C 10B I I B 12C 13C 14A 15C
16B 17B 18C 19A 20C 21A
2 He sounded (as if he was) enthusiastic
The offer to go and work in Brazil
about staying with us for the weekend.
came (completely) out of the blue.
3 He's more interested in making money
I t comes as no surprise to me that he's
than anything else.
got money problems.
4 I'm bored with this programme; let's
No wonder he looks so miserable -
watch something else.
I've just found out that he's lot his job.
5 I would be interested to know why it
The sudden noise made me jump.
happened.
His rudeness took me aback./I was
6 Things bore her very quickly.
taken aback by his rudeness.
7 Is there anything in that magazine that
It isn't easy to shock me./I'm not easy
interests you?
to shock.
8 Grammar exercises bore me stiff.
You caught me unawares, so I haven't
9 I'm fed up with going to the same
tidied the house yet.
places all the time.
I was so surprised that I was
speechless.
Unit 19 9 I t came aslwas a shock to me when my
19.1 1A 2D 3C 4C 5C 6D 7B
friends suddenly decided to leave the
19.2 1 envied 2 Jealousy 3 resentment country.
4 s~iteful 5 bitterness 6 envv
19.3 1 She resents being treated like the office
Unit 22
22.1 ID 2A 3B 4A 5A 6B 7C 8D
slave.
9A 10C
22.2 1 I could do with an early night.
 Answer Kev

2 She criticised me for leaving early. 24.3 1 Her friends' messages of sympathy
3 He's crazy about cars. were a comfort to her during her
4 I don't feel like going to that party illness.
tonight. 2 Please make yourself at home.
5 She's got a low opinion of politicians. 3 He takes everything in his stride.
6 I fancy going somewhere else for a 4 Why don't you take it easy for a few
change. days and let me look after the shop?
7 A lot of men disapprove of women 5 She breathed a sigh of relief when she
working. realised that her bag hadn't been stolen.
8 I'm desperate for a holiday.
22.3 I to 2 up 3 down 4 on 5 off
Unit 25
25.1 1B 2B 3B 4D 5D 6C 7C 8A
22.4 1 She's fond of children. 9B
2 I wasn't in the mood for a serious
25.2 1 Adverts tempt people into spending
conversation.
more than they can afford.
3 They've got good taste in furniture.
2 She is attracted to older men.
4 I'm not really keen on this kind of
3 I was tempted to walk out without
music.
paying because the service was so bad.
5 They were full of praise for your
4 Their lifestyle appeals to me, although
cooking.
I probably wouldn't really enjoy it.
6 She's critical of other people's
5 I couldn't resist the temptation to buy
weaknesses.
the dress.
7 I have a lot of affection for her.
6 1 can't see the attraction of spending all
8 I'm keen to learn as much as I can.
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9 They've been raving about the hotel.
10 She thinks highly of you.
11 I don't approve of violence in any
Unit 26
day on the beach.

26.1 1C 2C 3C 4B 5B 6D 7B 8A
circumstances.
9C 10C
12 I'm dying to see her again.
13 I think a lot of him. 26.2 1 When she left home, she had to fend
14 I think that the film is overrated. for herself.
15 1 didn't think much of the restaurant. 2 If you leave this job, don't count on
16 She despises him. getting another one.
3 I may go out tonight, depending on
Unit 23 how long my homework takes me.
23.1 1C 2D 3B 4B 5C 6A 7A 8C 4 I'm banking on being promoted soon.
9C 10C 11A 12C 13C 14B 15C 5 Most university students depend on the
16A 17C 18D 19A 20B 21B financial support of their parents.
22C 23B 24C 25A 26D 6 If I were you, I wouldn't rely on the
weather being good.
23.2 1 ease 2 up 3 under 4 on
7 I built this on my own.
5 nerve 6 about
8 1 want to be free to enjoy myself.
9 I don't want to be dependent on other
Unit 24
people.
24.1 IB 2A 3C 4C 5C 6B 7C 8D
10 They rely on her income.
9D 10B 11D
1 1 Our car is extremely reliable; it hasn't
24.2 I comfortable 2 relieved 3 reassure1 let us down once in the last ten years.
assure 4 relaxation 5 comforting
Answer Key

Unit 27 Unit 29
27.1 1B 2D 3D 4B 5B 6 C 7C 8B 29.1 1C 2B 3A 4B 5A 6B
9D 10A 11B
29.2 1 punch 2 out 3 sense
27.2 1 I can't tell the difference between the 4 played ... on 5 fun 6 told
original painting and the copy.
29.3 1 You know I told you I was a
2 I don't want to split hairs, but your
millionaire'? Well, 1 was pulling your
facts aren't quite right.
leg.
3 What he earns in a week is equivalent
2 Her jokes were very funny.
tolis the equivalent of what I earn in a
month.
3 Everybody laughed at him because he
didn't know the answer.
4 The way he behaves in private contrasts
4 Her comments were (very) witty.
with the way he behaves at work.
5 You're kidding. He's not really your
5 This record is no different to/from the
brother, is he?
last one they made.
6 It's a brilliant film - I laughed my head
6 Parents try to teach their children to
off all the way through.
distinguish between right and wrong.
7 She obviously wasn't amused by your
7 This programme is similar to one that
jokes.
used to be on years ago.
8 Everybody took the mickey out of him
8 1 prefer playing football, as opposed to
because he'd had his hair cut so short.
watching it.
9 I found her story hysterical.
9 There is a subtle difference between
being mean and being careful with
Unit 30
money.
30.1 1B 2D 3C 4C 5D 6A
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7B 8B
10 Not having much money is different to/
9C IOD 1 I D
from being completely broke.
11 There has been a difference in his 30.2 l off 2 down 3 above
attitude recently. 4 down 5 what
12 Some people say that there's a thin line
30.3 1 Don't you understand the importance
between love and hate.
of being more careful?
2 He stressed that it was only his
Unit 28 opinion.
28.1 1 acquaintance 2 old 3 colleagues
3 1 wish you'd take this seriously.
4 good/close 5 best 6 friendship
4 What was the significance of his
28.2 1 I'm on good terms with everyone at silence?
work. 5 He laughed off his latest business
2 We got to know each other during the failure.
journey. 6 He lives for football.
3 She gets on (well) with most people. 7 I don't feel (very) strongly about
4 Have you macie friends with anyone religion.
since you arrived? 8 It's vital that you see a doctor as soon
5 He's fallen out with Clare. as possible.
6 Have you heard the news? Roger and 9 1 want to emphasise that I'm not
Diana have split up./Roger has split up criticising you.
with Diana. 10 It's time you got your priorities right.
7 He's been going out with her for about I I He made light of the crisis.
three weeks./They've been going out
(together) for about three weeks. Unit 31
8 They broke up last month. 31.1 1C 2C 3D 4B 5D 6B 7C 8B
9 1 used to be friends with him. 9C 10C 11D
 Answer Key

31.2 l luckily 2 unfortunate 3 lucky Unit 36

4 unfortunately 5 unluckiest 6 fortunate 36.1 I skill 2 flairlgift for 3 up to
4 talent 5 knack 6 capable 7 fair for
31.3 1 I bumped into some old friends in the
pub. 36.2 1 She won't be capable of understanding
2 Their party coincides with another one something as difficuli as that.
I've been invited to. 2 I'm not very good at card games.
3 I happened to be there when she although I can play a bit.
revealed the truth. 3 Good advice enabled me to make the
4 With a bit of luck, I'll get a job as right decision.
soon as I get there. 4 I've tried, but I'm simply no good at
5 Guess who I ran into on my way here? cooking.
6 By a stroke of luck, the boat hadn't 5 He's hopeless at making decisions.
left. 6 Swimming came naturally to me.
7 All being well, I'll see you next week. 7 She's good at explaining things.

Unit 32 Unit 37
32.1 IC 2A 3C 4C 5A 6 C 7C 8C 37.1 1B 2A 3C 4 D 5B 6D 7C 8B
9C 10A 11C 12C 13B 14C 15D 9A 10D 11C 12A 13B 14C 15D
16C 17C 18C 19C 20B 21D 16A 17B 18B 19A
22B 23A 24B 25C
37.2 1 anticipation 2 unpredictable
3 expectations 4 outlook 5 knowing
Unit 33
33.1 1D 2D 3A 4A 5A 6C 7B 8C 37.3 1 It remains to be seen whether he'll

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9C 10C 11B 12D 13A 14D
33.2 I hardship 2 millionaire
4 poverty 5 luxurious
3 wealthy
keep his promise or not.
2 I'm afraid I ' l l be a bit late because
something has cropped up.
3 The result was a foregone conclusion.
33.3 1 fortune 2 afford 3 worse 4 owes 4 What you're doing is potentially
5 debts 6 rolling 7 short dangerous.
5 There's no telling how long i t will take
Unit 34 to do this.
34.1 IB 2A 3A 4D 5B 6A 7C 8C 6 The odds are that nothing will go
wrong.
34.2 1 suit 2 match 3 convenient for
7 The party is in doubt, because she's ill.
4 fit 5 inconvenient 6 bad taste
8 He's liable to get here Late; he usually
7 suits 8 convenient for
doei.
9 suitablelright 10 clash
9 The potential profit is enormous./rhere
is an enormous potential profit.
Unit 35 10 It's touch and go whether I'll be able
35.1 IA 2C 3D 4A 5A 6A 7A 8R
to pay the bills this month.
9C 10B 11C 12B 13B 14B 15C
1 1 I don't anticipate seeing him for some
16A 17B 18A 19A 20D 21B
time.
22B 23B
Unit 38
38.1 1C 2C 3C 4B 5 D 6A 7A 8B
35.3 1 uncharacteristic 2 remarkable
9B
3 unreal 4 extraordinary 5 typical
38.2 I If you concentrated on your work, you
might not make so many mistakes.
2 A lot of things keep getting in the way
of my work.
227
Answer K e y

3 You'll have to get down to some Unit 41

serious work soon. 41.1 1C 2C 3D 4B 5 C 6A 7A 8B
4 I'm trying to concentrate, but all that 9A 10C I1A 12D 13C 14B 15B
noise you're making is putting me off.
41.2 1 foolish 2 idiotic 3 impractical
5 I don't like intruding on her when she's
4 ridiculous 5 unrealistic
busy.
6 Leave me alone! Can't you see I'm
working?
Unit 42
42.1 1A 2D 3D 4A 5D 6C 7B 8C
7 He's so preoccupied with work at the
9B
moment that he doesn't have any time
for his family. 42.2 1 slipped 2 left
3 forgetful/absent-minded
Unit 39 4 recalllremember 5 back on
39.1 1 You should take the price into 6 by heart 7 minded
consideration/take into consideration the
42.3 1 I'll make a note of your address in case
price before you decide whether to buy
I need to write to you.
it or not.
2 Let me jog your memory.
2 He's in two minds about whether to go
3 I've gone blank.
or not.
4 The word is on the tip of my tongue.
3 I've weighed up the pros and cons and
5 This song rings a bell.
I've decided not to go.
6 1 can't place him.
4 Bearing in mind that she's only just
started, she's doing very well.
5 She's having second thoughts about
Unit 43

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marrying him now.
6 They will take age and experience into
accountltake into account age and
43.1 1B 2A 3A 4B 5D 6 B
43.2 1 gist 2 misunderstood 3 of 4 see
5 misunderstanding 6 through to
experience when they decide the salary.
43.3 1 I can't make head or tail of this letter.
7 I was going to argue with him, but I
2 She's well aware that she will have to
thought better of it.
work hard.
8 That suggestion is out./I've ruled out
3 It crossed his mind that he might have
that suggestion.
misunderstood her.
9 I'm considering leaving the country,
4 It never occurred to him to tell her.
but I haven't decided yet.
5 That sentence makes no sense.
10 When I agreed to do this, I didn't
6 He was unaware of her feelings for
bargain for it being so expensive.
him.
11 I'm thinking of selling this car and
buying another one. 43.4 I Although I don't speak Italian
particularly well. I got her drift.
39.2 1 considered 2 think 3 out 4 mind
2 I appreciate that it's not your fault.
5 over 6 for 7 second 8 allowances
3 He's oblivious to what other people are
9 changed
saying about him.
4 I gather from the paper that the
Unit 40 economic situation is getting worse.
40.1 IB 2C 3C 4B 5A 6D 7C 8D
5 I t strikes me that there's only one thing
9D IOB 11A
you can do.
40.2 1 sensible 2 realistic 3 intelligence 6 He wasn't aware of the cost involved in
4 educated 5 practical 6 perceptive buying a house.
7 After a while it dawned on me that I'd
made a terrible mistake.
 Answer K e y

Unit 44 Unit 47
44.1 1D 2A 3C 4C 5C 6B 47.1 1 She persuaded me not to leave.
2 He pushed me into buying i t .
44.2 1 contradicted 2 reached
3 She urged me to think about it
3 compromise 4 accept 5 co-operative
carefully before I decided.
6 accept 7 co-operation
4 She convinced the court that she was
8 controversial 9 with ... about
innocent./She convinced the court of
10 with ... aboutlon 1 1 with ... about
her innocence.
12 with
5 She encourages me to make my own
44.3 1 Ihave no objection to changing my decisions.
plans. 6 His wife is pushing him to get a better
2 I thought about it for a while and then job.
I agreed to their offer. 7 She persuaded me that I was making a
3 The neighbours were having a row. terrible mistake.
4 Are we in agreement? 8 What convinced him to go to Italy
5 I object to having to pay so much for instead of France?
so little.
47.2 1 on 2 into 3 up 4 off 5 out of
6 He doesn't agree with divorce.
7 I don't want to have an argument with 47.3 1 They have security guards to
you. discourage people from trying to steal/
8 In the end we reached a compromise. from stealing.
9 I disagree with the way he treats 2 They're putting pressure on me to
people. make a decision soon.

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10 I'll meet you half-way. 3 When I make my complaint, I hope
1 1 We've come to an agreement to share that you'll back me up.
the cost. 4 She's always trying to impose her
12 I expressed my opposition to his plan. opinions on other people.
13 He is in favour of capital punishment. 5 He has always supported her in her
14 If you co-operate with me, everything career.
will be all right. 6 He offered them more money as an
15 I never row with my parents. incentive to do the job quickly.
7 The judge gave a harsh sentence to
Unit 45 deter other people from committing the
45.1 1D 2A 3C 4B 5B 6B 7D 8B same crime.
9C 10C 11A 12A 13C 8 Because of the circumstances, 1 am
forced to act quickly.
45.2 1 out 2 shrugged 3 shake 4 out
9 She was nervous about going to the
5 of 6 nodded 7 to show 8 pulled
doctor's, so I went with her to give her
9 gesture 10 indication of
moral support.
10 He doesn't earn enough money to
Unit 46 support himself.
46.1 1C 2B 3A 4B 5D 6A
11 I need as much encouragement as I can
46.2 1 in as/so many 2 warned get.
3 proposed to 4 implication 12 Many people believe that the death
5 suggestion 6 Guess 7 advice penalty is a deterrent.
8 make 13 I had no choice but to apologise.
14 I support Hampshire County Cricket
Club.
Answer K e v

Unit 48 Unit 50
48.1 1 disregarded 2 impression
3 bearing 4 attention 5 regardless
50.2 1 successful 2 achievement 3 failure
48.2 1 Don't take any notice/Take no notice of 4 success 5 standstill 6 headway
him - he doesn't know what he's 7 unsuccessful
talking about.
50.3 1 making 2 blank 3 failed
2 Your mistake didn't make any
4 back on 5 come 6 fulfil 7 make
differencelmade no difference to the
8 failed
way things turned out.
3 The recent increases in air fares 50.4 1 Did the exam go well?
haven't had any effectlhave had no 2 Although I set off late, I managed to
effect on the number of people wanting get there on time.
to fly. 3 My first day at work went smoothly.
4 We were all affected by the news of 4 The whole day went according to plan.
her death./The news of her death 5 I gave up trying to make friends with
affected us all. the other students because I was getting
5 He contributed to his own failure. nowhere.
6 1 don't have a say/I have no say in the 6 It seems that whatever I try to do.
way that the business is managed. something always goes wrong.
7 Don't be influenced by other people! 7 She always gets her own way.
8 Everyone played a part in the team's 8 He's going places.
success. 9 Did you succeed in getting a ticket?

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9 His personal problems affect his ability
to do his job.
10 I ignored his unpleasant comments.
10 The evening went badly and ended in
an argument.

1 I A lot of people believe that television

has an influence on the way we behave.

Unit 49

49.2 l involvement 2 interferewe

3 nosey 4 gatecrashed 5 involved
49.3 l in 2 Mind 3 in 4 arm's 5 none
6 keep
49.4 1 I wish he wouldn't keep prying into
my sex life.
2 Having children means changing your
whole lifestyle./lf you have children, it
means changing your whole lifestyle.
3 This doesn't concern you.
4 I kept out of their conversation.
5 She said it had nothing to do with me.
6 I prefer to keep my distance from him.
7 1 didn't take part in the argument.
8 1 wasn't involved in the decision.
Index
'The numbers In the index refer to unlts, not pages.
A annoy 10 B
abrupt 6 annoyed 10 back
absent-minded 42 annoying 10 - up 47
absurd 41 answer badly
accept 44 -
not to take no for an 8 go - 50
account anticipate 37 bad-mannered 6
take into - 39 anticipation bad-tempered 10
achieve 50 -
in of 37 baffle 12
achievement 50 antiquated 32 baffled 12
acquaintance 28 antique 32 baffling 12
act I anxious 23 bank
active 1 apathetic 1 - on 26
admiration 22 apologise 20 bargain
admire 22 apology 20 -
not to for 39
advice 46 appeal 25 basic 30
affect 48 appealing 25 be
affection 22 appreciate 5. 43 - up to 36
affluent 33 appreciation 5 - with 43
afford appreciative 5 bearing
be able to - 33 appropriate 34 -
have a 48
afraid 15 approval 22 beautiful 25
-
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I'm 20 approve 22 begrudge 19
Sgree 44 argue 44 bell
agreed 44 - argument ring a 42
agreement - have an 44 below
be in - 44 arm be - 7
come to an - 44 keep someone at -'s length 49 beneath
reach an - 44 arrogant 7 be 7-
alike 27 ashamed 14 best
a1l assure 24 hope for the I I-
above 30- astonish 21 better
allow astonished 2 1 -
think of 39
- for 39 astonishing 2 1 bewilder 12
allowances attention bewildered 12
-
make for 39 -
pay no 48 bewildering 12
alone attract 25 bicker 44
leave (s.o.) - 38 attracted big-headed 7
amaze 21 -
be 25 bigoted 9
amazed 21 attraction bitter 19
amazing 21 (be able to) see the - 25 bitterness 19
ambiguous 13 attractive 25 blank ad;
amount average 35 -
go 42
- to the same thing -
on 35 blank n
amuse 29 aware draw a - 50
amusing 29 -
be 43 blue
ancient 32 -
be well 43 -
out of the 21
angry 10 awkward 8 blunt 3
Index

blush 14 cheat n 4 con v 4

boast 7 cheat v 4 concentrate 38
boil check 2 concentration 38
- down to 30 cheek 6 concern n 23
bore n 18 cheeky 6 concern 1. 49
bore v 18 cheer concerned 23
bored 18 - up 16 conclusion
boredom 18 cheerful 16 a foregone 37 -
boring 18 chip conclusions
bossy 7 have a - on your shoulder 19 jump to 2 -
bother 23 choice condemn 22
bothered 23 -
have no 47 condescending 7
brag 7 civil 6 confidence 7
brand-new 32 clarify 13 confident 7, 1 1
break n 3 1 clash 34 confuse 12
break v clear ad; 13 confused 12
- up 28 be - 13 confusing 12
bright 40 make - 13 confusion 12
brilliant 40 -
not to be 13 -
cause 12
broad-minded 9 clear v conscience
broke 33 - up 13 have a (guilty) 14 -
bump clearly 13 conscientious 2
- into 3 1 clever 40 conscious
burst clue 46 be - 43
-
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business
-
-
out laughing 29

be none of your 49
give (s.o.) a 46
cocky 7
coincide 31
conservative 2
consider 39
considerate 5
mind your own 49 - coincidence 3 1 consideration 5
butt colleague 28 -
take into 39
- in 38 come considered
by - along 49 -
all things 39
- yourself 26 - out 45 contempt 22
- up 37 contradict 44
C comfort n 24 contrast 27
calm adj 24 comfort v 24 contribute 48
calm v comfortable 24. 33 controversial 44
- down 24 comforting 24 convenient 34
capable common 35 conventional 35
-
be 36 company convey 45
care -
be good 1 convince 47
take 2 - competent 2 cool 24
careful 2 complain 17 co-operate 44
careless 2 complaint 17 co-operation 44
cautious 2 make a - 17 co-operative 44
certain I 1 compliment n count
make 1 1- pay (s.0.) a 6 - - on 26
chance compliment v 6 crawl 6
b y - 31 compromise n crawler 6
characteristic 35 -
reach a 44 crazy
chase compromise v 44 -
be about 22
- up 47 con n 4 -
go 10
232
 Index

critical 22 difference 27 E
criticise 22 a subtle 27- ease
criticism 22 be able to tell the - 27 at 24-
crooked 4 make a 48 - -
i l l at 23
crop different 27 easy
- up 37 no 27 - take i t - 24
crucial 30 dilapidated 32 take things 24 -
crude 6 diplomatic 6 easy-going 9
cunning 4 direct 3 eccentric 35
curious 35 disagree 44 educated 40
disagreement effect
D
daft 4 1
have a 44 - have an - 48
efficient 2
disappoint 17
dare disappointed 17 embarrass 14
-
not to 15 disappointing 17 embarrassed 14
date disappointment 17 embarrassing 14
-
out of 32 embarrassment nU 14
up to 32- disapproval 22
disapprove 22
embarrassment nC 14
dated 32 ernphasise 30
disclose 45
dawn enable 36
discourage 47
- on 43
dishonest 4
encourage 47
death encouragement nU 47
-
bore (so.) to 18 disillusioned 17
dispute 44
encouragement nC 47
debt 33 energetic 1

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com
-be in 33
deceitful 4
deceive 4
-
disregard 48
distance
keep your - 49
engrossed
be 38
enjoy 16
deceptive 4 distinctive 27
distinguish 27
- yourself 16
decision enjoyable 16
a snap 2- distract 38
disturb 38
enjoyment 16
decisive 1 enough
decorate 32 do have had - 10
delighted 16 - out of 4 ensure 2
delightful 16 - up 32 enthusiasm 18
depend 1 could - with 22 enthusiastic 18
- on 26 domineering 7 envious 19
dependent 26 doubt n 1 1 envy n 19
depending 26 -
in 37 envy L' 19
depress 17 no 1 1 - equivalent ad; 27
depressed 17 doubt v 1 1 equivalent n 27
depressing 17 doubtful 11 essential 30
depression 17 down-to-earth 40 even
desperate dread 15 - out 27
-
be 22 -
I to think 15 everyday 35
despise 22 drift excited 16
deter 47 -
get someone's 43 excitement 16
determination 8 dull 18 exciting 16
determined 8 dying excuse 20
deterrent 47 be 22 - make an 20 -
detest 22 dynamic 1 expectation 37
devious 4 expire 32
Index

expose 45 flair 36 furious 10

extraordinary 35 flash 33 fussy 2
extrovert 1 flatter 6 future
eyes flattered 6 the foreseeable - 37
keep your open 2 - flattering 6
flattery 6 c;
F fluke 31 gamble 37
face flustered 23 garbled 13
-
pull a 45 focus 38 gatecrash 49
fail 50 follow 43 gather 43
failure nU 50 fond generosity 5
failure nC 50 -
be of 22 generous 5
faint 13 fool n 41 genius 40
fall feel a - 14 genuine 3
- back on 50 make a - of 14 gesture 45
- for 4 fool v 4 get 43
- out 28 foolish 41 - down 17
- through 50 force 47 -down to 38
fanatic 18 forecast n 37 - on (well) 28
fanatical 18 forecast 37 -through to 43
fancy 22 foresee 37 gift 36
fantasy forget 42 gist
-
live In a world 41 forgetful 42 get the 43-
fascinate 18 fortunate 31 give

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fascinated 18
fascinating 18
fascination 18
fortunately 3 1
fortune 33
frank 3
- away 45
glad 15
be - to do sth 16
fate 3 1 -
to be 3 go fl
fault frankly 3 be on the 1 -
find - 22 free 26 have I-
-
p~ck 22 freedom 26 go v 42
favour friend -along 49
-
be in 44 a close - 28 - off 22
fear n 15 a good - 28 - on at 47
-
for of 15 an old - 28 -out 28
fear L. 15 friends good
fed up 17. 18 -
be 28 be - 36
feel -
make 28 -
be no 36
- like 22 friendship 28 be not very 36 -
- up to 36 fright 15 good-looking 25
feet frighten 15 grateful 5
-
have your on the ground 40 frightened 15 gratitude 5
fend frightening 15 greed 5
- for yourself 26 frustrate 10 greedy 5
fidget 23 frustrated 10 grievance 19
fit adj 34 frustrating 10 grudge
fit n frustration 10 bear a - 19
have a 10- fun have a 19 -
fit r. 34 -
make of 29 guard
- In 34 fundamental 30 catch (s.0.) off 21 -
fix 32 funny 29, 35 guess n 26
234
 index

guess v 46 hopefully 1 1 influence 1. 48

guilt 14 hopeless infuriate 10
guilty -
be 36 infuriating 10
feel - 14 hostile 6 inhibited 7
gullible 41 humiliate 14 initiative I
humiliated 14 use your - I
H humiliating 14 insincere 4
hairs humiliation 14 insult n 6
split - 27 hurt ad) 17 insult 1, 6
halfway hurt v 17 insulting 6
meet (s.0.) 44 - hurtful 17 intelligence 40
hand hysteria 23 intelligent 40
give (s.o.) a 5 - hysterical 23. 29 interest nU 18
hang interest nC I8
- about 1 I interest v 18
- around 1 identical 27 interested 18
happen 31 idiot 4 1 interesting 18
happiness 16 idiotic 4 1 interfere 49
happy 16 ignore 48 interference 49
be - to do sth 16 illegible 13 interrupt 38
harassed 23 ill-mannered 6 into
hardship 33 imagine 37 be 18-
hard u p 33 impatient 9 intolerance 9
hasty 2 implication 46 intolerant 9

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head
be unable to make - or tall
of 43
imply 46
importance 30
important 30
introvert 1
intrude 38
invaluable 30
-
have your in the clouds 41 impose 47 involve 49
-
laugh your off 29 impractical 4 1 involved 49
nod your 45 - impression involvement 49
shake your 45 - -
make an 48 irritable 10
headway impressionable 4 1 irritate 10
make - 50 impulsive 2 irritated 10
heart inappropriate 34 irritating 10
know by 42 - inarticulate 13
learn by 42- incentive 47 J
hectic 23 incompetent 2 jealous 19
hide 45 incomprehensible 13 jealousy 19
highly inconsiderate 5 join 49
think - of 22 inconvenient 34 - in 49
hilarious 29 incredible 21 joke 29
hint n independence 26 a dirty 29 -
-
drop a 46 independent 26 a practical 29 -
hint v 46 indicate 45 a sick - 29
hit 50 indication 45 a standing - 29
home indicative 45 play a practical 29 -
make yourself at - 24 inefficient 2 tell a 29-
honest 3 inevitable 37 joking
-
to be 3 inexplicable 13 be 29-
honestly 3 influence nU 48 jump
hopeful 11 influence nC 48 make (s.0.) 21 -
Index

K - after 2 make up your 1 -

keen -. back 42 -
slip your 42
be - 22 - down on 7 speak your 3 -
keep - forward to 16 mind v 2
- at 8 - out 2 minds
- out of 49 - up to 22 be in two 39 -
- yourself to yourself 49 lost 12 minor 30
kidding lot miserable 17
-
be 29 -
think a of 22 misery 17
kind 5 lovely 25 mislead 4
kindness 5 luck 3 1 misleading 4
knack 36 a piece of 3 1 - miss 17
know a stroke of 3 1 - misunderstand 43
-
g e t to 28 -
bad 3 1 misunderstanding 43
knowing best of 3 1 - mix
-
there's no 37 good 3 1- - u p L' 12
hard 3 1- mixed-up 12
L with (a bit of) 3 1 - mix-up n 12
latest 32 luckily 31 moan 17
laugh lucky 3 1 modest 7
- at 29 ludicrous 41 money
- off 30 luxurious 33 be rolling in 33 -
lazy 1 luxury nU 33 -
short of 33
leave 42 luxury nC 33 mood
leg

let
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pull someone's - 29 -
-
M
mad
be in a bad 10
be in the 22
moved 17
- down 26 go 10- much
- on 45 main 30 -
not to think of 22
liable major 30 muddled 13
be - 37 make mysterious 12
liar 4 - it 50 mystery 12
liberated 26 - of 43 mystified 12
lie n 4 - out 13 mystify 12
-
tell a 4 manage 50 mystifying 12
lie v 4 match 34
light mate 28 N
make - of 30 mean adj 5 naive 41
line mean v 49 narrow-minded 9
a thin - 27 memory 42 nasty 6
the punch - 29 jog someone's 42 - naturally
live mend 32 -
come 36
- for 30 mickey neck
- up to 37 take the 29 - a pain in the 10 -
lively I millionaire 33 nerve
liven mind n not to have the 15 -
- up I bear in 39 - nerve-racking 23
loathe 22 change your 39 - nerves
lonely 17 cross your 43 - get on someone's 10 -
look have in 39 - nervous 23
have on your 23 - nice 6
 Index

normal 35 outlook 37 pleased 16

nose out-of-date 32 -
be to do sth 16
get up someone's 10- overrated pleasing 16
nosey 49 -
be 22 pleasure nU 16
note owe 33 pleasure nC 16
make a 42 - own point n
nothing get your back 19- get someone's 43-
come to - 50 on your 26 - miss the 43 -
-
have to do with 49 -
see someone's 43
notice P point 11
take no 48 - panic n 23 - out 45
nowhere panic v 23 polite 6
get- part poor 33
nuisance 10 play a 48 - positive 1 1

0
take 49 - potential ad; 37
potential n 37
particular 2
object 44 passive 1 fultil your - 50
objeciion 44 patience 9 potentially 37
oblivious patient 9 poverty 33
-
be 43 patronising 7 practical 40
obsessed 18 peculiar 35 praise
obsession 18 -
be to 35 -
be full of 22
obstinate 8 perceptive 40 predict 37
obvious 13 perseverance 8 predictable 37

www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com
obviously 13
occur
- to 43
persevere 8
persevering 8
persist 8
prediction 37
preoccupied 38
prepared
odd 35
persistence 8
-
be to do sth 16
odds 37 pressure 23
offence
persistent 8
-
put 47
take 6 - persuade 47
pessimist 11
under - 23
offend 6 pretty 25
pessimistic 1 1
offensive 6 priority 30
pester 8
open 3 progress
open-minded 9
petrified 15
petrify 15
make 50-
opinion proof 45
-
have a high of 22 petrifying 15
petty 9
propose 46
have a low - of 22 pros
opposed pick
- -
weigh up the and cons 39
-
be 44 on 22 prospect 37
-
as to 27 pig-headed 8
place
prospects 37
opposite 27 protect 2
opposition 44 be unable to 42 - prove 45
optimist 1 1 places
Pry 49
optimistic I I -
go 50 push 47
ordinary 35 plan pushy 7
out go according to 50 - Put
-
be 39 play - down 22
out burst 10 - down 30 - off 38, 47
outdated 32 pleasant 6 - up with 9
outgoing 1 please 16 puzzle 12
Index

puzzled 12 reservation 11 self-centred 5

puzzling 12 reserved 1 self-confidence 7
respect n 22 self-confident 7
Q respect v 22 self-conscious 7
quarrel n responsible selfish 5
have a 44 - -
feel 14 selfishness 5
quarrel r* 44 restless 23 self-opinionated 7
quiet 1 retaliate 19 sense
reveal 45 common - 40
R revenge 19 make 43-
rare 35 rich 33 - of humour 29
rash 2 ridiculous 4 1 sensible 40
rave 22 right 34 seriously
realise 50 rip take - 30
realistic 40 - off v 4 shame 14
reassure 24 rip-off n 4 sharp 40
recall 42 risk shattered 21
recognise 42 -
run the 37 shattering 2 1
recollection rolling shock nU 21
-
have no 42 -
be in it 33 shock nC 2 1
red row n shock v 21
go 14- -
have a 44 shocked 21
reduced row v 44 short 6. 33
be - to 14 rude 6 shoulders

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refurbish 32
regardless 48
regret 20
rule

run
- out 39
-
shrug your - 45
show 45
it (just) goes to 45
relax 24 - down 22 - off 7
relaxation 24 - into 31 shrewd 40
relaxed 24 - out 32 shrug
relaxing 24 run-down 32 - off 30
reliable 3 shy 7
relief 24 S sick
relieved 24 sad 17 -
be and tired of 10
reluctance 17 sadness 17 -
be of 10
reluctant 17 satisfaction 16 make you - 10
rely satisfactory 16 side
- on 26 satisfied 16 look on the bright - I I
remains satisfy 16 sigh
it - to be seen 37 satisfying 16 -
breathe a of relief 24
remarkable 35 say sign 45
remember 42 -
have a 48 significance 30
remind 42 scarce 35 significant 30
- (s.o.) of 42 scare n 15 silly 41
renew ; ; scare v 15 similar 27
renovate 32 scared 15 sincere 3
repair 32 scary 15 single-minded 8
representative 35 sceptical 1 1 sink
resent 19 scope 37 - in 13
resentful 19 second-hand 32 skill 36
resentment 19 see 43 skint 33
238
 Index

sloppy 2 stride talk

slow 41 take (sth) in your - 24 - down to 7
small-minded 9 strike 43 - into 47
smart 40 strongly - out of 47
smoothly -
feel 30 talkative 1
-
go 50 stubborn 8 tantrum 10
smug 7 stunned 21 taste 22
sociable 1 stunning 25 in bad - 34
something stupid 41 tears
do- 1 subdued 1 bore (s.0.) to - 18
somewhere succeed 50 tease 29
-
get 50 success nU 50 telling
sorry success nC 50 -
there's no 37
-
be 20 -
make a of 50 temper
have a bad - 10
be - for 20 successful 50
-
feel for 20 suggestion 46 lose your - 10
special 35 make a 46 - tempt 25
temptation 25
speechless 2 1 suit 34
spite 19 suitable 34 tempted
spiteful 19 suited be - 25
split -
be 34 tempting 25
- up 28 superior 7 tense 23
tension 23
spontaneous 2 support n
spur give moral 47 - terms
-
www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com
-
on the of the moment 2
staggered 21
-
staggering 2 1
support v 47
sure 11
make 2, 1 1
be on friendly 28

terrified 15
terrify 15
-
be on good 28

stand surprise nU 21
- around 1 take (s.o.) by 21 - terrifying 15
terror 15
- for 9 surprise nC 21
thank 5
- out 27 come as a 21 - thick 41
standard 35 surprise v 21
think
standstill surprised 21
-
at a 50 surprising 2 1
- over 39
thinking
startle 21
startled 21
sympathetic 5
sympathise 5
-
be of 39
thorough 2
stick sympathy 5 thoughtful 5
- to 8 thoughtless 5
stiff T thoughts
-
bore (s.0.) 18 tact 6 -
have second 39
straight
-
be unable to think 12
tactful 6
tactless 6
-
on second 39
thrill 16
strain nU 23 take thrilled 16
strain nC 23 - aback 21 thrilling 16
strange 35 - in 13 tight 33
straw - it out on 10 tight-fisted 5
-
the final 10 - to 22 time
-
the last 10 taken -
have a good 16
stress n 23 be - in 4 tip 46
stress rz 30 talent 36 be on the - of your tongue 42
index

tired unsuitable 34 wonder

-
be of 10 unsympathetic 5 n o - 21
tolerance 9 untrustworthy 4 words
tolerant 9 unusual 35 not in as many - 46
tolerate 9 unwind 24 not in so many - 46
touch unwise 41 work 50
- and go 37 update 32 worked u p 23
touched 17 upset adj 17 worried 23
touchy 10 upset v 17 worry nU 23
trick n 4 upsetting 17 worry nC 23
trick 1. 4 uptake worry v 23
trivial 30 be slow on the 41 - worrying 23
trouble up-to-date 32 wound u p 23
take a lot of 2- urge 47 wrong
trustworthy 3 usual 35 -
go 50
truth 3
tell the 3 - v
to tell you the 3 - vague 13
truthful 3 vain 7
turn valid 32
- up 37 valuable 30
twice variety 27
-
think 39 various 27
two-faced 4 vary 27

U
www.IELTS4U.blogfa.com
typical 35 vital 30

W
unaware warn 46
-
be 43 wary 2
unawares watch
catch (s.0.) 21 - - out 2
uncharacteristic 35 way
uncomfortable 23 -
get in the 38
unconventional 35 get your own 50 -
unfit 34 ways
unforeseen 37 be set in your- 8
unfortunate 3 1 wealth 33
unfortunately 3 1 wealthy 33
unhappiness 17 weird 35
unhappy 17 we1 l
unintelligible 13 -
all being 3 1
unique 35 do 50 -
-
be to 35 go - 50
unkind 5 well-mannered 6
unlucky 3 1 weli-off 33
unpleasant 6 what
unpredictable 37 so - ? 30
unreal 35 willing 16
unrealistic 4 1 willingness 16
unreliable 4 wise 40
unsuccessful 50 witty 29
240
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