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What Is Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to machines that can perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, seeing, and reasoning. John McCarthy coined the term in 1956; today AI encompasses robotics, automation, and analyzing large datasets. There are four types of AI from reactive machines to theoretical sentient systems not yet developed. AI is used in healthcare for personalized medicine, in education for adaptive learning, and in manufacturing for incorporating robots. It works by combining large data with algorithms to automatically learn patterns and features. Major AI fields include cognitive computing, computer vision, and natural language processing.

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123 views

What Is Artificial Intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to machines that can perform tasks normally requiring human intelligence, such as learning, problem-solving, seeing, and reasoning. John McCarthy coined the term in 1956; today AI encompasses robotics, automation, and analyzing large datasets. There are four types of AI from reactive machines to theoretical sentient systems not yet developed. AI is used in healthcare for personalized medicine, in education for adaptive learning, and in manufacturing for incorporating robots. It works by combining large data with algorithms to automatically learn patterns and features. Major AI fields include cognitive computing, computer vision, and natural language processing.

Uploaded by

Fyreal Myo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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What is Artificial Intelligence?

AI refers to an area of computer science that makes


machines do things that would require intelligence if done
by a human. This includes tasks like learning, seeing,
talking, socializing, reasoning, or problem solving.

The History of AI
John McCarthy, an American computer scientist,
coined the term "artificial intelligence" in 1956 at the
Dartmouth Conference where the discipline was born.
Today, it is an umbrella term that encompasses
everything from robotic process automation to actual
robotics. It has gained prominence recently due, in part,
to big data, or the increase in speed, size and variety of
data businesses now collect. AI can perform tasks such as
identifying patterns in data more efficiently than humans,
enabling businesses to gain more insight from their data.

Types of Artificial Intelligence


Arend Hintze, an assistant professor of Integrative
Biology and Computer Science and Engineering at
Michigan State University, categorizes AI into four types,
from the kind of AI systems that exist today to sentient
systems, which do not yet exist. His categories are as
follows:
Type 1: Reactive Machines AI: The fundamental types of
artificial intelligence systems are quite reactive and they
are not able to use previous experiences to advise
current decisions and to configure memories. IBM’s
chess-playing computer called Deep Blue defeated Garry
Kasparov, an international grandmaster in chess in the
late 1990s, is one example of this type of machine. In the
same way, Google’s AlphaGo defeated the top human Go
experts but it can’t assess all the future moves. Its
testing method is more enlightened than Deep Blue’s by
using a neural network to assess the game
developments.
Type 2: Limited memory is mostly used in self-driving
cars. They will detect the movement of vehicles around
them constantly. The static data such as lane marks,
traffic lights and any curves in the road will be added to
the AI machine. This helps autonomous cars to avoid
getting hit by a nearby vehicle. Nearly, it will take 100
seconds for an AI system to make considered decisions in
self-driving.
Type 3: Theory of mind. Theory of mind artificial
intelligence is a very advanced technology. In terms of
psychology, the theory of mind represents the
understanding of people and things in the world that can
have emotions which alter their own behavior. Still, this
type of AI has not been developed completely in the
society. But research shows that the way to make
advancements is to begin by developing robots that are
able to identify eye and face movements and act
according to the looks.
AI applications
Artificial intelligence has made its way into a number
of areas. Here are some examples:

 AI in Healthcare: AI applications can provide


personalized medicine and X-ray readings. Personal
health care assistants can act as life coaches,
reminding you to take your pills, exercise or eat
healthier.

 AI in Education: AI can automate grading, giving


educators more time. AI can assess students and
adapt to their needs, helping them work at their own
pace. AI tutors can provide additional support to
students, ensuring they stay on track. AI could
change where and how students learn, perhaps even
replacing some teachers.
 AI in Manufacturing: This is an area that has been at
the forefront of incorporating robots into
the workflow. Industrial robots used to perform single
tasks and were separated from human workers, but
as the technology advanced that changed.

How Artificial Intelligence Works


AI works by combining large amounts of data with fast,
iterative processing and intelligent algorithms, allowing
the software to learn automatically from patterns or
features in the data. AI is a broad field of study that
includes many theories, methods and technologies, as
well as the following major subfields:
 Cognitive Computing is a subfield of AI that strives
for a natural, human-like interaction with machines.
Using AI and cognitive computing, the ultimate goal
is for a machine to simulate human processes
through the ability to interpret images and speech –
and then speak coherently in response.
 Computer Vision relies on pattern recognition and
deep learning to recognize what’s in a picture or
video. When machines can process, analyze and
understand images, they can capture images or
videos in real time and interpret their surroundings.
 Natural Language Processing (NLP) is the ability
of computers to analyze, understand and generate
human language, including speech. The next stage of
NLP is natural language interaction, which allows
humans to communicate with computers using
normal, everyday language to perform tasks.

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