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Linear Approximations and Differential

The document discusses linear approximations and differentials. It defines the differential df as equal to the derivative of the function f(x) multiplied by the change in x. It also defines the linear approximation of f(x+Δx) as equal to f(x) plus the differential df. Two examples are provided to demonstrate how to use differentials to estimate function values given a small change in x.

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Aisya Izora
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72 views3 pages

Linear Approximations and Differential

The document discusses linear approximations and differentials. It defines the differential df as equal to the derivative of the function f(x) multiplied by the change in x. It also defines the linear approximation of f(x+Δx) as equal to f(x) plus the differential df. Two examples are provided to demonstrate how to use differentials to estimate function values given a small change in x.

Uploaded by

Aisya Izora
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Linear Approximations and Differential

A. Differential

df  f '  x0  .x

x  x1  x0
Where:
x1  latest value / given value
x0  initial value / estimated value

B. Linear Approximations

f  x0  x   f  x0   df

f  x1   f  x0  x 
Note that:

Example 1

. If x changes from 2 to 2.02, estimate the value of 


f 2.02 
Given  
f x  x 2  x  1
3
using
differentials.

Solution

f  x f ' x
Step 1: Define and find

f  x   x 2  x  1
3

f ' x 
d
dx
x2   x  1 3
 x2
d
dx
 x  1
3


 2 x  x  1  x 2 3  x  1
3 2

 2 x  x  1  3x 2  x  1
3 2

x
Step 2: Identify x1 , 0 and calculate x

x1  2.02
x0  2

x  x1  x0
 2.02  2
 0.02

Step 3: Calculate differential df


df  f '  x0  .x
 f '  2  .  0.02 

  2  2   2  1  3  2   2  1   0.02 
3 2 2

  4  12  0.02 
 16  0.02 
 0.32

f  x1 
Step 4: Find linear approximations of

f  x0  x   f  x0   df

f  2.02   f  2   df

  2   2  1   0.32
2 3
 
 4  0.32
 4.32

Example 2

2
f  x 
Given 2 x 2  1 . Estimate the value of f  1.97  using differentials. Give your answer correct
to 3 decimal places.

Solution

f  x f ' x
Step 1: Define and find

2
f  x 
2x 2  1
1

 

2
 2 2x  1 2

3
 1
 

f '  x   2    2x 2  1 2
 4x 
 2
4x
 3

 2x 2
1  2

x
Step 2: Identify x1 , 0 and calculate x

x1  1.97
x0  2
(Choose this value because a whole number can be obtain if we substitute 2 into 2x 2  1 )
x  x1  x0
 1.97  2
 0.03

Step 3: Calculate differential df

df  f '  x0  .x
 f '  2  .  0.03
 
 4  2 
3 
   0.03
 
 
 2  2  1 2 
2
 
 
 8 
3 
  0.03
  9  2 
8
  0.03
27
2

225

f  x1 
Step 4: Find linear approximations of

f  x0  x   f  x 0   df

f  1.97   f  2   df
 
 2  2

  225
 2  2   1 
2

2 2
 
3 225
152

225
 0.676

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