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    Disaster Assignment 100

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    Hassan Muhammad Younas
    The document compares disaster management policies between Pakistan and India. It outlines Pakistan's national disaster risk reduction policy framework and highlights vulnerabilities to natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, and diseases. It also notes gaps like a lack of coordination between relevant organizations. For India, it discusses the growing impacts of disasters from urbanization and climate change. It emphasizes the need for proactive, preventive approaches that integrate disaster management with development planning. The document also analyzes how disasters disproportionately affect marginalized groups and can trap people in long-term poverty.

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    Disaster Assignment 100

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Muhammad Younas
    102 views4 pages
    The document compares disaster management policies between Pakistan and India. It outlines Pakistan's national disaster risk reduction policy framework and highlights vulnerabilities to natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, and diseases. It also notes gaps like a lack of coordination between relevant organizations. For India, it discusses the growing impacts of disasters from urbanization and climate change. It emphasizes the need for proactive, preventive approaches that integrate disaster management with development planning. The document also analyzes how disasters disproportionately affect marginalized groups and can trap people in long-term poverty.

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    The document compares disaster management policies between Pakistan and India. It outlines Pakistan's national disaster risk reduction policy framework and highlights vulnerabilities to natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, and diseases. It also notes gaps like a lack of coordination between relevant organizations. For India, it discusses the growing impacts of disasters from urbanization and climate change. It emphasizes the need for proactive, preventive approaches that integrate disaster management with development planning. The document also analyzes how disasters disproportionately affect marginalized groups and can trap people in long-term poverty.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    102 views4 pages

    Disaster Assignment 100

    Uploaded by

    Hassan Muhammad Younas
    The document compares disaster management policies between Pakistan and India. It outlines Pakistan's national disaster risk reduction policy framework and highlights vulnerabilities to natural hazards like earthquakes, floods, and diseases. It also notes gaps like a lack of coordination between relevant organizations. For India, it discusses the growing impacts of disasters from urbanization and climate change. It emphasizes the need for proactive, preventive approaches that integrate disaster management with development planning. The document also analyzes how disasters disproportionately affect marginalized groups and can trap people in long-term poverty.

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    BSCE01163082 Zain-ul-Abdeen

    DISASTER MANAGEMENT
    ( ASSIGNMENT NO#1)
    Comparison of Pakistan disaster management policies with
    other Asian Country’s Policies

    Disaster Management Policies in Pakistan

    The National DRR Policy provides an overall guiding framework for addressing t
    he high levels of disaster risk permeating Pakistani Society. It covers both n
    atural and man-made hazards. The policy seeks to promote priority measures to
    ameliorate already existing vulnerability to hazards, and equally important me
    asures to ensure future development processes and programs strengthen resilien
    ce. The policy serves as a guiding framework both for DRR and relevant develop
    ment plans and programs to focus attention upon priority issues. Pakistan is o
    ne of the signatories of the UN Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA)2005-2015 Buil
    ding the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. At the core of th
    e HFA lies the integration of risk reduction as an essential component of nati
    onal development policies and programs. The earthquake in 2005 highlighted Pak
    istan’s vulnerability to disaster risks and motivated a shift from the erstwh
    ile response-focused to the current, more proactive approach. This shift found
    its first expression in the National Disaster Management Ordinance (NDMO, 2006,
    replaced in 2010 by the current National Disaster Management -NDM Act), follo
    wed up by the National Disaster Risk Management Framework(NDRMF) (2007-2012) t
    hat outlined a comprehensive national DRR agenda.

    Pakistan continues to suffer from a many of natural and human induced hazards t
    hat threaten to affect the lives and livelihood of its citizens. One of the negative fal
    louts of the globalization phenomenon means vulnerability to a vast array of viral
    diseases, be it bird avian flu or the dengue virus. We are presently witnessing a wi
    despread occurrence of the latter in the country and efforts to combat the disease
    are included in this evaluation. The human impact of natural disasters in Pakistan c
    an be judged by the fact that 6,037 people were killed and 8,989,631 affected in th
    e period from 1993 to 2002. More than 80,000 people died and 3.5 million lost ho
    mes in the earthquake in 8th October 2005 earthquake. In addition to earthquake
    s, other natural hazards that occurred in Pakistan include Tsunami, cyclones, flood
    BSCE01163082 Zain-ul-Abdeen

    s, drought, viral diseases, etc. Asia and the Pacific has some of the world’s most ex
    tensive transboundary disaster hotspots. To unlock the potential of regional coope
    ration to address transboundary hotspots, the Committee on Disaster Risk Reducti
    on established the Asia-Pacific Disaster Resilience Network, in 2017. The Network
    comprises three interrelated pillars, namely the regional platform for the multi-ha
    zard early warning system, regional space applications for disaster risk reduction,
    and a regional hub of knowledge and innovation. There has also been a dramatic i
    ncrease in disasters and the damages caused by them in the recent past. Over the
    past decade, the number of natural and manmade disasters has climbed inexorabl
    y. From 1994 to 1998, reported disasters average was 428 per year but from 1999
    to 2003, this figure went up to an average of 707 disaster events per year showing
    an increase of about 60 per cent over the previous years.
    There are no long-term, inclusive and coherent institutional arrangements to addr
    ess disaster issues with a long-term vision. Disasters are viewed in isolation from t
    he processes of mainstream development and poverty alleviation planning. For ex
    ample, disaster management, development planning and environmental manage
    ment institutions operate in isolation and integrated planning between these sect
    ors is almost lacking. Absence of a central authority for integrated disaster manag
    ement and lack of coordination within and between disaster related organizations
    is responsible for effective and efficient disaster management in the country. Stat
    e-level disaster preparedness and mitigation measures are heavily tilted towards s
    tructural aspects and undermine non-structural elements such as the knowledge a
    nd capacities of local people, and the related livelihood protection issues. Disaster
    management in Pakistan basically revolves around flood disasters with a primary f
    ocus on rescue and relief. After each disaster episode the government incurs consi
    derable expenditure directed at rescue, relief and rehabilitation. Within disaster m
    anagement bodies in Pakistan, there is a dearth of knowledge and information abo
    ut hazard identification, risk assessment and management, and linkages between l
    ivelihoods and disaster preparedness. Disaster management policy responses are
    not generally influenced by methods and tools for cost-effective and sustainable in
    terventions.
    BSCE01163082 Zain-ul-Abdeen

    This map is a flood risk assessment for 2015 of Pakistan which


    identifies 2,376 union councils that are at risk of riverine floods on
    the basis of previous flood history and using high tech analytical
    tools and capabilities. This national level exercise is followed by a
    detailed profile at union council level to exhibit what is achievable
    at union council level.

    Disaster Management Policies in India:


    Losses due to disasters have shown growing trend in terms of lives and property
    throughout the world due to urbanization, increasing population and increasing
    degradation of environment. The global efforts to manage disasters are not
    matched with the frequency and magnitude of disasters.However, for the last 15
    years or so some new thinking on disaster management has emerged at global
    level which pleads for a proactive and preventive approach and integrates disaster
    management with ongoing development activities that is sustainable
    development.According to World Disaster Report 2009, hydro meteorological
    event, linked to climate change – floods, storms, heat waves and drought together
    accounted for nearly 60 percent of Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). In
    Myanmar alone, cyclone Nargis claimed some 1, 38,000 lives last years.
    Earthquake in China’s Sichuan Province killed some 88,000 people, affected 46
    million people; a major US flood 11 million and a drought in Thailand 10 million.
    But there were fewer disasters worldwide in 2008 than in any other year of the
    preceding decade; 326 natural and 259 technological disasters.

    People in areas with high multi-hazard risk often face discrimination based on gen
    der, age, ethnicity, religion and other divisions. Groups that are left behind can be
    BSCE01163082 Zain-ul-Abdeen

    profiled using a classification tree, a predictive model commonly used in data mini
    ng and machine learning. This methodology uses an algorithm to split values for e
    ach variable (access rate to opportunity) into significantly different population gro
    ups based on shared circumstances. In each iteration, the classification tree identi
    fies groups that are most or least advantaged. For example, results for Bangladesh
    show that in areas with high multi-hazard risk within the bottom 20 per cent wealt
    h group, older people (aged 50 to 64) are worse off than younger people and ha
    ve lower rates of education. The algorithm uses additional branches
    to show that the same worst-off group comprises the poorer older po
    pulations, who have limited access to health care, are not empowere
    d to make household decisions and work in agriculture.

    To effectively reduce disaster risk for the poorest and most vulnerable, Governme
    nts must understand not only how risk is geographically distributed but also the m
    any pathways through which disasters, inequality and poverty reinforce each othe
    r. These interactions lead to a vicious cycle. Poor populations typically lose more b
    ecause they are overexposed to disasters and have less ability to cope and recover,
    especially if they have little social protection or post disaster support. Moreover,
    disasters often have permanent impacts on their education and health, thereby lo
    cking people into intergenerational poverty traps. 8 Similarly, areas with greater in
    equality – as captured by the Gini coefficient – are typically those most vulnerable
    to disasters. For example, ESCAP analysis using a comparative static computable g
    eneral equilibrium model shows that in countries that can expect inequality to fall
    by 2030, the decrease will be lower in those hit by disasters. These countries inclu
    de China, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Philippines and Turkey.

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