‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬

‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫ﺘﻭﺍﺠﺩ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬

‫ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺴﻁ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫∗∗∗‬ ‫∗∗‬ ‫∗‬
‫ﻭ ﺤﺴﺎﻡ ﺤﻤﻴﺩ ﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‬ ‫ﻭ ﻨﻭﺍل ﺍﺤﻤﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻌﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﺨﻠﺹ‬
‫ﻴﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﻀﻤﻥ ﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﻝـﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻭﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺸﻭﺍﻫﺩ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻠﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻅﻭﺍﻫﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﺘﻅﺎﻓﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁـﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺘﺼﺩﻉ ﻭﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺎﺠﻲﺀ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ‪ ٣,٥‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﻝﺴﻁﺢ ﺼﺩﻉ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﺒﻔﻌـل ﺼـﻭﺍﻋﻕ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ )‪- ٩٥٠‬‬
‫‪º(١٣٦٠‬ﻡ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺒﺒﺕ ﺍﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﻴﺠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀﺍ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭﺕ ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻤﺘﺤﻭﻝـﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻨﺘﺞ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ‪،‬ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻨﺘﻅﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻤﻠﺌﺕ ﺒﻌﻀﻬﺎ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺒﻤﺎﺩﺘﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﻭﺠﺒﺱ ﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﻭﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻻﻴﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻥ ‪. % ٥‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻷﻭل ﻤﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨـﺔ ﺘﺘﻤﺘـﻊ ﺒـﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻐـﺔ ‪ % ٨٨,٧‬ﻭﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺘـﻪ ﺍﻝـﺼﻔﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻝﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﻭﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝـﻰ ﻜﻔﺎﺌﺘـﻪ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﺨﻠﻁ ‪ % ٦٥‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ‪ % ٣٥‬ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻭﻝﻌﻤﺭ ‪ ٢٨‬ﻴﻭﻡ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ ﺍﻨـﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫‪.٢‬‬
‫‪ ١٧,٦‬ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪/‬ﻤﻠﻡ‬
‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﻭﺠﺩﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻗﻤﻡ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺘﻠﻭل ﻤﻨﻌﺯﻝـﺔ ﻭﺒـﺩﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻏﻁﺎﺌﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻴﻔﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺤﺎﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻜﻤﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤـﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻫـﻭ ﺤـﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬
‫‪ ١٧٢٠٠‬ﻁﻥ ‪.‬‬

‫‪FINDING OF THE IRAQI NATURAL POZZOLANA IN‬‬

‫‪INJANA AREA, HEMRIN SOUTH, CENTRAL IRAQ‬‬

‫‪Khaldoun A. Ma`ala , Nawal A. Al – Sa`di and Husam H. Abdul Allah‬‬

‫‪ABSTRACT‬‬
‫‪This paper deals with the ascertaining of the natural fused rocks at Injana area , Hemrin South‬‬
‫‪and its coincidence with the properties of natural Pozzolana, their origin and kind, depending on‬‬
‫‪the chemical, mineralogical, compressive strength and activity as well as field observations.‬‬
‫‪The geological evidences combined with X-ray test indicate that the detrital deposits of Injana‬‬
‫‪Formation were subjected to folding, faulting and sudden combustion of hydrocarbons along‬‬
‫‪3.5Km of a reverse fault plane, during Pleistocene. The claystone beds are baked and fused at‬‬
‫‪temperature ranging between (950 − 1360)ºC, which changed their mineralogical composition and‬‬
‫‪texture characteristics ,consequently they are considered as altered rocks. The cooling of the‬‬
‫‪natural fused rocks lead to non systematic distribution of microfractures, open and closed, which‬‬

‫∗ ﺨﺒﻴﺭ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪ .‬ﺏ‪ ،986 .‬ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‬
‫∗∗ ﺭﺌﻴﺱ ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﻥ ﺍﻗﺩﻡ)ﻤﺘﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ(‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫∗∗∗ ﻓﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻲ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫‪٥١‬‬
 ‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫‪are later filled partly by gypsum and plaster of Paris, under dry conditions, with concentration less‬‬
‫‪than 5 %.‬‬
‫‪The results of this study indicate that the natural fused rocks in Injana area have the properties‬‬
‫‪of the international natural Pozzolona of burnt clay type, for the first time in Iraq . The Pozzolana,s‬‬
‫‪activity is 88.7 % and its chemical composition corresponds to the Italian and American natural‬‬
‫‪Pozzolana, with more calisia and magnesia, due to clay minerals . In addition, its qualification for‬‬
‫‪production of Pozzolana cement with mixed ratio of 65 % cement and 35 % pozzolana and‬‬
‫‪maturation of 28 days to have compressive strength of 17.6 N/ mm2 .‬‬
‫‪The Iraqi natural Pozzolana was found in Injana to cap six isolated mesas and without‬‬
‫‪overburden, due to their high resistance to erosion. The quantity, in Injana area, is estimated to be‬‬
‫‪17200 tones.‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺩﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ )‪ (Pozzolana‬ﻫﻲ ﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺴﻠﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺴﻠﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻭﻤﻴﻨﻴﻪ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﺔ ﻻ ﺘﻤﺘﻠﻙ ﻝﻭﺤﺩﻫﺎ ﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺭﺍﺒﻁـﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻋﻨﺩﻤﺎ ﺘﻁﺤﻥ ﻨﺎﻋﻤﺎ ﺘﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺎ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺭ ﻭﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻴﺔ ﺘﺘﻜـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻁﺌﺔ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﺒﺔ ﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺴﻤﻨﺘﻴﺔ )ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻑ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ‪. (1984 ،‬‬
‫ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍل ‪ Pyroclastic‬ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺠﻤـﻊ ﻭﺘﺭﺴـﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﺤﺒﻴﺒﻴـﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻁﺎﻴﺭﺕ ﻤﻥ ﻓﻭﻫﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﺍﻜﻴﻥ ﻭﻗﺫﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎﺕ ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺘـﺸﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓـﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻜﺎﻨﻴـﺔ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺸﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻜﻠﻭﻤﺭﻴﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﺒﺎﻝﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺭﺨـﻭﺓ )‪ ،(Opaline shales‬ﻭﺘﻌـﻭﺩ‬
‫ﺘﺴﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ Pozouli‬ﻓﻲ ﺇﻴﻁﺎﻝﻴﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺼﺒﺢ ﺃﻻﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻴﻁﻠﻕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺎﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺩﺩ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﻀﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻤﺜل ﺍﺍﻝﻁـﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤـﺭﻭﻕ )‪ (Burnt clay‬ﺸـﺭﻁ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺤﺘـﻭﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺴـﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻏﻴـﺭ ﻤﺘﺒﻠـﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫)‪ (Amorphous‬ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺫﺍﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻝﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻌﻭﻤﺔ ﻝﺘﺘﻤﻜﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺭ ﺒﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺭﻭﻑ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻔﺎﻋل ﺍﻝﺠﻴﺭ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻭ ﺍﺴﺎﺱ ﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨـﺎ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺸﺄﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺘل ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻀﺨﻤﺔ ﻤﺜل ﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺴﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻨﻜﺭﻴﺘﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﻨﺊ ﻭﺫﻝﻙ‬
‫ﻝﻠﺨﺎﺼﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻴﻤﻠﻜﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻤﺜل ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺅﺜﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺒـﺎﻻﺨﺹ ﻤـﺎﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﺤﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺭﺍ" ﻝﻌﺩﻡ ﺘﻭﻓﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﺭﻴﺸﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺒﺭﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﻜﻠﻭﻤﺭﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﻭﺠـﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔـﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻤﻜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻘﻕ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺩﻯ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨـﻭﺒﻲ ﻋﻨـﺩ‬
‫ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﻝﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ )ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ( ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﻨﻭﻋﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺼﻠﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻭ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﻤﺤﻠﻲ ﺃﻁﻠﻘﻪ )‪ Mcldntock (1932‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻌﺭﻀﺕ‬
‫ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﺍﻷﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻝﻠﻨﻔﻁ ﻭﺍﻝﻐﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻴﺭﺍﻥ ‪ .‬ﺒﻴﻨﻤـﺎ‬
‫)‪ Less and Richardson (1940‬ﺃﻁﻠﻘﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻴـﺭﺍﻥ ﻤـﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ )‪ Basi and Jassim (١٩٧٤‬ﺃﻁﻠﻘﺎ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﻭﻴـﺼﻠﻴﺔ ) ‪Vesicular‬‬
‫‪ (Rocks‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﺜل ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻕ )ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻝﻴﺔ(‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺠـﺩﺕ‬
‫ﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻝﻴﻔﻭﺭﻨﻴﺎ ﻭﻜﻨﺩﺍ ﻭﺒﺭﻴﻁﺎﻨﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺅﻝﻔﻭﻥ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴـﺔ‬
‫ﻝﻜﻭﻨﻪ ﻤﺼﻁﻠﺢ ﺸﺎﻤل ﻴﻌﺒﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺤﺘﺭﺍﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﺸﻜﻴل ﺍﻝﺤﻭﻴﺼﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻐﺎﺯﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﻘﻊ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺯﺀ ﺍﻝﺸﻤﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺩﻴﺎﻝﻰ ﻭﺒﺎﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻔﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﻝﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﺒﻌﺩ ﻋﻥ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺒﺤﺩﻭﺩ ‪ 140‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﻤﺩﻴﻨﺔ ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ)ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ‪.(١‬‬

‫‪٥٢‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(١‬ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﻤﻭﻗﻌﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ‬

‫ﺇﺴﻠﻭﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻤل‬
‫ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺩﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻘﺼﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﺤﻘﻠﻲ ﻝﻠﺘﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻫﻲ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻥ ﺴﺘﺔ ﺘﻼل ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺌﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﻌﺯﻝﺔ )‪ ( mesas‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻭﺼﻑ ﻜل ﺘل ﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻝﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻌﺩﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﻤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺴﻭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﺼﻬﺭ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻋﺩﺓ ‪ .‬ﻭﺒﻨﻤﺫﺠﺔ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ‪،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻁ ‪ 31‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻨﺘﻘﺎﺌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺨﺘﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬
‫‪ .‬ﺨﻀﻌﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﺭﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻔﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﺒﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ل ‪ 31‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺌﺩﺓ ﻨﻭﻉ‬
‫)‪ (Phillips,PW1840‬ﻭﺒﺎﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝﻬﺩﻑ ‪ Cu‬ﻭﺍﻝﻁﻭل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻲ ‪ Kcx‬ﻭﻤﺭﺸﺢ ﻨﻴﻜل ﻭﺴﺭﻋﺔ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻝﻜل‬
‫ﺴﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ )ﺍﻱ ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗـﺔ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴـﺎ(‬
‫ﻝﺘﺤﺩﻴﺩ ﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﺄﻜﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ‪:‬‬
‫‪SiO2, AL2O3 , Fe2O3 , CaO, MgO, K2O, SO3, L.O.I‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ل ‪ 31‬ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﺴﺘﺨﺩﺍﻤﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺴﺎﺏ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫‪٥٣‬‬
 ‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﺠﺭﻯ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺭﻜﺯ ﺒﺤﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ‪ ،‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﺃﺨﺫﺕ ﻋﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﺘﺸﻜل ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ ٢‬ﻜﻐﻡ ﻭﻁﺤﻨﺕ ﻨﺎﻋﻤﺎ" ﺍﻝﻰ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ‪ 0.075‬ﻤﻠﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺕ ﻨـﺴﺏ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪ 1:3‬ﻝﺘﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻌﺏ ﺒﺎﺒﻌﺎﺩ )‪ (50x50x50‬ﻤﻠﻡ ﻭﻝﻌﻤﺭ ‪ 28‬ﻴﻭﻡ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺤﺹ ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ‪،‬ﻁﺤﻨﺕ ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺤﺠﻡ ﺤﺒﻴﺒﻲ ﻴﺼل ﺍﻝﻰ ﺃﻗل ﻤﻥ ‪ 0.075‬ﻤﻠـﻡ‬
‫ﻝﻐﺭﺽ ﺘﻬﻴﺄﺘﻬﺎ ﻝﻠﺨﻠﻁ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻤل ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ﺒﺎﺴـﺘﺨﺩﺍﻡ ﺍﻝـﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﻭﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻭﺒﺘﻌﻭﻴﺽ ﻗﺩﺭﻩ ‪ % 35‬ﺤﻴﺙ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻨﻴـﺔ ﻝﺨﻠـﻁ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻫﻲ ‪ ٦٥:٣٥‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺍﺨﺘﻴـﺭﺕ ﻫـﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻜﺜـﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﺴﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻴﺔ ‪ ASTM C109‬ﻴﺨﻠﻁ ‪ 250‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻴﺎﺩﻱ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫‪ 687.5‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﻤل "ﺍﻭﺘﺎﻭﺓ " ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﻤﻊ ﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ )‪ % (115 −100‬ﻝﻜل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻨﺴﺏ ﺘﻤﺜل ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻤﺎ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻤﻭﺨﺔ ﻓـﻴﺨﻠﻁ ‪ 162.5‬ﻏـﻡ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺏ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ‬
‫) ‪ × ٨٧,٥‬ــــــــــــــ ( ﻏﻡ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬
‫ﻤﻊ ‪ ٦٨٧,٥‬ﻏﻡ ﻤﻥ ﺭﻤل ﺃﻭﺘﺎﻭﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺩﺭﺝ ﻤﻊ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ ﻝﻠﺤﺼﻭل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻨﺴﻴﺎﺏ )‪% (١١٥ − ١٠٠‬‬

‫ﺤﻔﻅ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺼﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﻗـﻭﺍﻝﺏ ﻤﻜﻌﺒــﺔ ﺤﻔﻅـﺕ ﻝﻤﺩﺓ ‪ 24‬ﺴﺎﻋﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻏﺭﻓﺔ ﺭﻁﺒﺔ ﻭﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪23‬‬
‫‪ 1.7 ±‬ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺒﻘﺎﺀ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻝﺏ ﻤﻜﺸﻭﻓﺎ ﻭﻝﻜﻥ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺇﻝﻰ ﺃﻥ ﺘﺠﻑ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺘﺭﻓﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻘﺎﻝﺏ ﻭﺘﻭﻀﻊ ﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻭﻴﺎﺕ ﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻭﺘﺤﻔﻅ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ 1.7±37.8‬ﻤﺌﻭﻴـﺔ ﻝﻤـﺩﺓ‬
‫‪ 27‬ﻴﻭﻡ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﻌﺩﻫﺎ ﺘﺘﺭﻙ ﻝﺘﺒﺭﺩ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪ 1.7±23‬ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﻗﺒل ﺍﻥ ﺘﻔﺤـﺹ ‪ .‬ﻭﻗـﺩ ﺤـﺴﺒﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻝﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺎﻝﻴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪A‬‬
‫ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ = ـــ × ‪١٠٠‬‬
‫‪B‬‬
‫‪ = A‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻐﻭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ‬
‫‪ = B‬ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁ ﻝﻠﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻀﻐﻭﻁﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻓﻘﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ﺳـﺘﺔ ﺗﻼﻝ ﳏــﺮﻭﻗﺔ ﻭﻣﻨﻌـﺰﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺋـﺪ ﲤﺘﺪ ﺑﺎﲡـﺎﻩ ﴰﺎﻝ ﻏﺮﺏ – ﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺷﺮﻕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﺳـﺘﻄﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﻃﻮﺑﻮﻏﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭ ﻛﻞ ﺗﻞ ﳏﺮﻭﻕ ) ‪ ( Burnt hill‬ﻳﺘﺄﻟﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﻠﺔ ﺻﺨﺮﻳﺔ ﻣﺼﻬﻮﺭﺓ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﺒﺔ ﻭﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺃﻓﻘـﻲ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻤﺔ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺻﺨﻮﺭ ﺭﺳﻮﺑﻴﺔ ﻣﺘﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﻭﻣﺎﺋﻠﺔ ﺑﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕ ﺗﺘﺮﺍﻭﺡ ﺑﲔ )‪ ،(90º − 44º‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺼﻬﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﺍﻻﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺍﱃ ﺗﻜﻮﻳﻦ ﺍﳒﺎﻧﺔ )ﺍﳌﺎﻳﻮﺳﲔ ﺍﻻﻋﻠﻰ ( ‪.‬‬
‫‪٣‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (1‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻭﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (2.54 − 1.76‬ﻏﻡ ‪ /‬ﺴﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺩل ‪ 1.95‬ﻏﻡ ‪ /‬ﺴﻡ‪ . ٣‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻨﻔﺱ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻴﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒﻴﻥ )‪ (2.90 − 2.30‬ﻭﺒﻤﻌﺩل ‪2.46‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﻗل ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﺼل ﻭﺯﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ‪ 3.15‬ﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻑ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ) ‪.(1984‬‬

‫‪٥٤‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻻﺸﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﺌﺩﺓ )‪ (XRD‬ﺍﻥ ﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍل ‪ Augite‬ﻭﻫﻭ ﺍﺤﺩ ﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻴﺭﻭﻜﺴﻴﻥ ﺴﺎﺌﺩ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻻﻨﺘﻘﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‪ .‬ﺍﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﺍﺭﺘﺯ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ﻏﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺒﻠﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫) ‪ ) ( Filero‬ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ ‪ 2‬ﻭ ‪ . (3‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻲ ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴـﺯ‬
‫ﻤﺘﺒﺎﻴﻨﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺒﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺱ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺘل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ ‪.‬ﻭﻓﻲ ﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﺍﺤﺘﺴﺎﺏ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ‬
‫ﻓﻲ ﺠﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻓﺄﻥ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻻﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 5%‬ﻜﻤﻌﺩل‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻨـﺴﺒﺔ ‪ SO3‬ﻻﺘﺯﻴـﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪. %2.6‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ :(1‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﺤﻭﺼﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻜﺜﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻝﻜﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺯﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻠﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺭﻗﻡ ﺍﻝﺘل‬
‫)ﻏﻡ‪/‬ﺴﻡ‪(٣‬‬
‫‪2.90‬‬ ‫‪1.92‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.40‬‬ ‫‪2.25‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.77‬‬ ‫‪2.23‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.42‬‬ ‫‪1.98‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.61‬‬ ‫‪2.11‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.44‬‬ ‫‪2.27‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2.74‬‬ ‫‪1.900‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.57‬‬ ‫‪2.02‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪1.77‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2.59‬‬ ‫‪1.92‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.71‬‬ ‫‪1.97‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.44‬‬ ‫‪1.81‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.77‬‬ ‫‪1.82‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪2.74‬‬ ‫‪1.77‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.72‬‬ ‫‪1.09‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.74‬‬ ‫‪1.78‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.67‬‬ ‫‪1.42‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.70‬‬ ‫‪2.01‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.61‬‬ ‫‪1.97‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.48‬‬ ‫‪2.15‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.59‬‬ ‫‪2.13‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.73‬‬ ‫‪2.54‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.65‬‬ ‫‪2.03‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.30‬‬ ‫‪2.00‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.70‬‬ ‫‪1.76‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.82‬‬ ‫‪1.97‬‬ ‫ﺍﺼﻔﺭ‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2.58‬‬ ‫‪1.85‬‬ ‫ﺍﺴﻭﺩ‬ ‫‪2‬‬
‫‪2.67‬‬ ‫‪1.68‬‬ ‫ﺍﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫‪2.81‬‬ ‫‪1.84‬‬ ‫ﺭﺼﺎﺼﻲ‬ ‫‪4‬‬
‫‪2.42‬‬ ‫‪1.94‬‬ ‫ﺒﻨﻲ ﻤﺤﻤﺭ‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫‪2.32‬‬ ‫‪2.02‬‬ ‫ﺍﺨﻀﺭ‬ ‫‪6‬‬

‫‪٥٥‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(٢‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(٣‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ‬

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 ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
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‫ﺠﺭﻯ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻌﻴﻨﺔ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﺍﻝﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﻝﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ )ﺍﻻﻁﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗـﺔ( ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪. ( 2‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ : (2‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻌﻴﻨﻪ ﺘﻤﺜل ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻉ ﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ‬

‫‪SiO2‬‬ ‫‪Al2O3‬‬ ‫‪Fe2O3‬‬ ‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪MgO‬‬ ‫‪K 2O‬‬ ‫‪Na2O‬‬ ‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪L.O.I‬‬
‫‪51.65‬‬ ‫‪17.76‬‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬ ‫‪10.0‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬

‫ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ (3‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ ﻭﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺠﻪ ﻤـﻊ ﻨﻤـﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺩ ﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴـﺎ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺼﻭﺩ ﺒﺎﻝﻨﻤﻭﺫﺝ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻲ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﻀﺎﻓﺔ ﻭ ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻴﻌﺘﻤﺩ ﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ (‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﺘﻤـﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺒﻴﻨﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪. (4‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل) ‪ :(3‬ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﻓﺤﺹ ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻅﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺤﺩﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺩﻨﻴﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻔﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻁ ‪3:1‬‬
‫ﻝﻠﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ‬ ‫)ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪(٢‬‬
‫)‪(%‬‬ ‫)ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ‪ :‬ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ(‬
‫)‪(%‬‬ ‫ﻝﻌﻤﺭ ‪ 28‬ﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫‪---‬‬ ‫‪19.8‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬
‫‪75‬‬ ‫‪88.7‬‬ ‫‪17.6‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﻭﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ : (4‬ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﻴﺭﺓ ﺒﺎﻷﻭﺯﺍﻥ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﺠﻌﻴﺔ‬

‫‪ 162.5‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫‪ 250‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬
‫‪ 687.5‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫‪ 687.5‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺭﻤل‬
‫‪15‬ﻏﻡ‬ ‫‪---‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺩﺓ‬
‫‪151‬‬ ‫‪135‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪200‬‬ ‫‪Flow‬‬

‫ﺍﻤﺎ ﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺼﻔﺔ ﻫﻲ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻤﺜﺒﺘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭﻝﻴﻥ ‪ 1‬ﻭ ‪2‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻔﻴﺯﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻻﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻬﻨﺩﺴﻴﺔ ‪ :‬ﻤﺘﻤﺜﻠﺔ ﺒﺎﻝﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ‬

‫ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﻀﺭ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﺨﻠﻁ ‪ % 65‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ‪% 35‬‬
‫ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺒﻪ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻀﺎﺭﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﺘﻌﻜﺱ ﺘﺎﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﺘﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﻝﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻻﺨﻴـﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ‬
‫ﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻁﻴﺔ ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺩﺒﺔ ﺒﺎﺘﺠﺎﻩ ﺸﻤﺎل ﻏﺭﺏ – ﺠﻨﻭﺏ ﺸﺭﻕ ﻭﻗﺩ ﺭﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﺼﺩﻉ ﻤﻌﻜﻭﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺨﻴﺭ ﺼﺎﺤﺏ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻜﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻴﻭ – ﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻭﻝﻡ ﻴﺤﺩﺙ ﺘﻐﻴﻴﺭ ﻤﻠﺤـﻭﻅ ﻓـﻲ ﺴـﻤﻙ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﻗﻁﻌﻬﺎ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻱ ﺍﻨﻪ ﻝﻡ ﻴﻘﺘﺭﻥ ﺒﻔﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﻴﺏ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﺍﻝﺴﺘﺔ ﻴﺸﻜل ﺍﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﻁﻭﺒﻭﻏﺭﺍﻓﻴﺔ )‪ (Topographic lineament‬ﻁﻭﻝﻬﺎ‬
‫‪ 3.5‬ﻜﻴﻠﻭﻤﺘﺭ ‪ ،‬ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺘﻌﺭﺽ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻝﺩﺭﺍﺴﺔ ﻝﻠﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺨﻼل ﺍﻝﻌﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﺒﺎﻋﻲ ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻥ ﻫـﺫﻩ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻁﺎﻝﺔ ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺍﻤﺘﺩﺍﺩ ﺼﺩﻉ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻤﻤﺎ ﻴﺅﻜﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺍﻝﺼﺩﻉ )ﺍﻝﺸﻜل ‪.(٤‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻝﺘﻜـﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﻴﺘﺄﻝﻑ ﻤﻥ ﺴﺤﻨـﺎﺕ ﻓﺘﺎﺘﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻻﺼـل ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘﻤﺜــل ﺒﺘﻌﺎﻗـﺏ‬
‫ﺼـﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺤل ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻲ ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﻝﻤﺎ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﻗﻭﺍﻋـــﺩ ﺍﻝﺘﻼل ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﺘﺘــﺎﻝﻑ ﻤـﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻴﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺍﻝﺘـﻲ ﻝﻡ ﺘﺘـﻌﺭﺽ ﻝﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼﺒﺩ ﺍﻥ ﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺘﻠﻴﻬـﺎ‬
‫ﻝﻼﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﻲ ﻤﻥ ﺍﺼل ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻭﺤل ﺍﻝﺭﻤﻠﻲ ﻭﺤﺴﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺘﺎﺒﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﺎﺭﻱ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨـﺔ) ‪Jassim, 1976‬‬
‫‪ Abud Al-Lateef, 1975; Basi and Jassim ,1974‬ﻭ ﻤﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ‪.(2001 ،‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺒﻘﺎﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺯﻓﺕ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺏ ﺤﻭل ﺼﺩﻉ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ ﺍﻝﻌﻜـﺴﻲ )ﻤﻌﻠـﺔ ﻭﺁﺨـﺭﻭﻥ ‪ (2001،‬ﻭﺍﺤﺘـﻭﺍﺀ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ )‪ (Basi and Jassim , 1974‬ﻭﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﺎﻝﺤﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺎﻭﻴﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫‪ NaCl‬ﻭ‪ ) Sr‬ﻤﻌﻠﻪ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ ‪ (2001 ،‬ﺠﻤﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﺩﻻﺌل ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﻫﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻻﻋﻤﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺍﺴﻁﺔ ﺼﺩﻉ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﻜﻨﺎﻗل ﻝﻬﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﺩﻴﻬﻲ ﺍﻥ ﻴﺭﺍﻓﻘﻬﺎ ﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻗﺎﺒﻠﺔ ﻝﻼﺸﺘﻌﺎل ﺒﻔﻌـل‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻭﺍﻋﻕ ﻜﻤﺎ ﻫﻭ ﺍﻝﺤﺎل ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺒﺎﺒﺎ ﻜﺭﻜﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﺕ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ) ‪ ٥‬ﻭ‪ (٦‬ﺍﺤﺘـﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝـﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤـﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬
‫ﺍل‪ Augite‬ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻜﺎ ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺩ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ )‪ 198٠ (Lea‬ﻤﻌﺩﻥ ﺍل ‪ Augite‬ﺍﺤـﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﺭﺌﻴـﺴﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴـﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ )‪ . (Burnt clay‬ﻭﺍﻋﺘﺒﺭ ﺭﻓﻌـﺕ ﻭﺍﺨـﺭﻭﻥ ) ‪(١٩٨٣‬‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻠﻜﺎ )ﺍﻝﺫﻱ ﻫﻭ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺘﻘﺭﺓ ﺍﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺘﺤﻭﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ( ﻨﺎﺘﺞ ﻤﻥ ﺘﺤﻭل‬
‫ﺍﻝﻔﺘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﻜﻲ )‪. (Arenaceous clastics‬ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻤﺨﻁﻁـﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻴـﻭﺩ ﺍﻝـﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠـﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ ‪ ٥‬ﻭ‪ ٦‬ﻤﻊ ﻤﺨﻁﻁﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﺼـﻨﻑ ﺃ ﻓـﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﺸﻜﻠﻴﻥ) ‪ ٢‬ﻭ‪ (٣‬ﺘﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﺸﺎﺒﻪ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﻴﺭ ﺒﻴﻨﻬﻤﺎ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺠﺯﺀ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﺤﺎﻝﺔ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺒﻠـﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺒﺩﻻﻝﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻨﺤﻨﻴﺎﺕ ﺒﺼﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﺭﻴﻀﺔ ﻭﻤﺸﻭﺸﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ‪ 2θ‬ﻤﻥ ) ‪. ( º٢١ – º٥‬‬
‫ﺍﻥ ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻌﻘﺩ ﺍﻝﻐﺭﻭﻴﺔ ﻴﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺩﻝﻴـل ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻻﻨـﺼﻬﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻻﻨﻅﻐﺎﻁ ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﺜﻘﻭﺏ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻗﺸﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ‪ .‬ﻜﻤﺎ ﺍﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺩﻗﻴﻘـﺔ‬
‫)ﺍﻝﺸﻌﺭﻴﺔ ( ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﻠﻘﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺼﻠﺒﺔ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻻﺠﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺘﺠﺔ ﻤـﻥ ﺘﺒﺭﻴـﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺩ ﻤﻠﺌﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ﺒﺎﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻤﻥ ﻨﻭﻉ ﺠﺒﺱ ﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﻋﺭﻭﻕ ﻏﻴﺭ ﻤﺘﺠﺎﻨﺴﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻭﺯﻴﻊ ‪ .‬ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻉ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﻴﺘﻜﻭﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠـﺔ ﺤـﺭﺍﺭﺓ )‪(٢٠٠-١٩٠‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ) ‪ . (Kraus et al,1959‬ﻭﻫﺫﺍ ﻴﺸﻴﺭ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﻥ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﻭﻕ ﺘﻜﻭﻨﺕ ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﺒﺨﺭ ﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ‬
‫ﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺭﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻓﺘﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻥ ) ‪ Basi and Jassim (1974‬ﺍﺤﺘﻭﺍﺀ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻋﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﻨـﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ‬
‫ﺘﺘﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﻤﺎ ﺒﻴﻥ ) ‪ (٨٣٦٣-٢٥٠‬ﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻌﺩل ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺭﻴـﺔ ﺍﻝـﺫﻱ‬
‫ﻴﺼل ‪ 315‬ﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻋﻠﻰ ﻤﻥ ﻤﺤﺘﻭﻯ ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﺴﺠﻴل )‪ 120 (Shale‬ﺠﺯﺀ ﺒﺎﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ ﻜﻤﺎ ﺫﻜﺭﻩ‬

‫‪٥٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(٤‬ﺨﺭﻴﻁﺔ ﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺔ ﻝﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺇﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ )‪(Basi and Jassim, 1974‬‬

‫‪٥٩‬‬
‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(٥‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪º ٩٥٠‬ﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﻑ ﺍ‬

‫ﺸﻜل )‪ :(٦‬ﻤﺨﻁﻁ ﺍﻝﺤﻴﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﺴﻴﻨﻲ ﻝﻠﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻕ ﺒﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ‪º ٩٥٠‬ﻡ ﻭﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻨﻑ ﺍ‬

‫‪٦٠‬‬
 ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ ‪– ٥١‬‬ ‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‪ ،٢ /‬ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ ‪٢٠٠٦‬‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
‫‪٦٣‬‬

‫) ‪ . Rankman and Sahama,(196٤‬ﻭﻜﺫﻝﻙ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻔﻨﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﻨﻔﻁ ﻜﺭﻜﻭﻙ ‪ 47‬ﺠﺯﺀ ﺒـﺎﻝﻤﻠﻴﻭﻥ‬

‫)‪ . (Al-Shahristany، 1972‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻲ ﻝﻠﻔﻨﺎﺩﻴﻭﻡ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺘﺭﺍﻜﻤـﻪ‬
‫ﺨﻼل ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﺔ ﻋﻥ ﺼﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺩﺭ ) ‪ Basi and Jassim , (1974‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ‪ ،‬ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻨﺎﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻨﻅﺭﻴـﺔ ‪ ،‬ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫)‪ (١٣٦٠-١٢٦٠‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ﺤﺴﺏ ﻨﻅﺎﻡ )‪ (diopside – anorthite – silica‬ﺘﺤﺕ ﺍﻝﻅﻐﻁ ﺍﻝﺠﻭﻱ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺒﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﻫﻲ ‪ ٩٥٠‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ) ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺍﺨﺭﻭﻥ ‪ . ( ٢٠٠١ ،‬ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻔﺭﻕ ﺒﻴﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﺭﺒﻤﺎ ﻴﻌﻭﺩ ﺍﻝﻰ ﻗﻠﺔ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻤﻠﺢ ﺍﻝﻁﻌﺎﻡ )‪ ( NaCl‬ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺤﺎﻤﺽ ﺍﻝﻜﺒﺭﻴﺘﻴﻙ ﻭﻏﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻤﺘﻨﻭﻋﺔ ﻜﺎﻨﺕ ﺘﺭﺍﻓﻕ ﺘﺩﻓﻕ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﺭﻭﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﺎﺕ ‪ .‬ﻻﻥ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ﻜﺒﻴﺭﺓ‬
‫ﻤﻥ‪ NaCl‬ﺴﻴﻘﻠل ﻤﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ﻭﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻝﻙ ﻓﺎﻥ ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝـﺼﻬﺭ ﺘﺘـﺭﺍﻭﺡ ﺒـﻴﻥ‬
‫)‪ ( ١٣٦٠-٩٥٠‬ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﺍﻝﺼﻬﺭ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩ ﺍﺩﻯ ﺍﻝﻰ ﺍﺨﺘﻔﺎﺀ ﺴﻁﻭﺡ ﺍﻝﺘﻁﺒﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻤﻥ ﺨﻼل ﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ ) ﺍﻻﻁﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ( )ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل‬
‫‪ (٢‬ﻤﻊ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺘﻤﺩﻩ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨـﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌـﻲ ﻤـﻥ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻁﻴـﺎﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗـﺔ‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻴﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﻨﺘﺎﺌﺞ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ )ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل ‪.(5‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ : (5‬ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ) ﺒﻌﺩ ﺨﻠﻁ ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﻤﻊ‬
‫ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺒﻨﺴﺒﺔ‪.1:3‬ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ ﺍﻷﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬
‫)‪( Kalousek and Jumper, 1979‬‬
‫ﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺭﻜﺒﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻨﺕ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﺒﻭﺭﺘﻼﻨﺩﻱ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻤﻥ‬
‫)‪(%‬‬ ‫ﺍﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬ ‫ﺨﻠﻁ ﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬
‫‪1:3‬‬
‫‪SiO2‬‬ ‫‪28.2‬‬ ‫‪28.1‬‬ ‫‪33.3‬‬ ‫‪31.2‬‬ ‫‪21.8‬‬ ‫‪19.66‬‬ ‫‪30.8‬‬

‫‪Fe2O3‬‬ ‫‪3.7‬‬ ‫‪0.9‬‬ ‫‪5.3‬‬ ‫‪5.3‬‬ ‫‪ 5.3‬ـ‪2.7‬‬ ‫‪2.22‬‬ ‫‪3.7‬‬

‫‪Al2O3‬‬ ‫‪8.2‬‬ ‫‪10.7‬‬ ‫‪13.3‬‬ ‫‪7.1‬‬ ‫‪ 4.5‬ـ‪6‬‬ ‫‪5.25‬‬ ‫‪9.6‬‬

‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪48.6‬‬ ‫‪55.6‬‬ ‫‪39.7‬‬ ‫‪49.8‬‬ ‫‪63‬‬ ‫‪63.68‬‬ ‫‪44.89‬‬

‫‪MgO‬‬ ‫‪3.5‬‬ ‫‪2.2‬‬ ‫‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪2.0‬‬ ‫‪ 1‬ـ ‪3.3‬‬ ‫‪4.16‬‬ ‫‪4.45‬‬

‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪1.8‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪ 1.6‬ـ‪1.9‬‬ ‫‪2.71‬‬ ‫‪2.27‬‬

‫‪L.O.I‬‬ ‫‪5.8‬‬ ‫___‬ ‫‪2.7‬‬ ‫‪0.8‬‬ ‫‪ 0.8‬ـ ‪2.1‬‬ ‫‪1.35‬‬ ‫‪1.93‬‬

‫‪Na2O‬‬ ‫___‬ ‫___‬ ‫‪0.04‬‬ ‫‪1.6‬‬ ‫____‬ ‫____‬ ‫‪0.595‬‬

‫‪K 2O‬‬ ‫____‬ ‫____‬ ‫‪1.24‬‬ ‫‪0.93‬‬ ‫____‬ ‫____‬ ‫‪0.595‬‬

‫‪٦١‬‬
 ‫ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻤﻌﻠﺔ ﻭﺁﺨﺭﻭﻥ‬ ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨﻭﻋﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﻪ‬

‫ﺍﻝﺠﺩﻭل )‪ ( 6‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺘﻘﺎﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﻜﻴﺏ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌـﺩﻻﺕ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨـﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻻﻴﻁﺎﻝﻲ ﻤﻊ ﻭﺠﻭﺩ ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ‪ CaO‬ﻭ‪ MgO‬ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴـﺔ ‪ .‬ﺍﻤـﺎ ﺍﻝـﻨﻘﺹ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻭﺍﻀﺢ ﻓﻲ ﻤﺠﻤﻭﻋﺔ ‪ K2O + Na2O‬ﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻻﻴﻁﺎﻝﻲ ﻓﻠﻴﺱ ﻝﻪ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
‫ﺨﻭﺍﺹ ﺍﻝﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺤﻴﺙ ﺍﻥ ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻜﻭﻨﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻻﻤﺭﻴﻜﻲ ﻝﻡ ﻴـﺫﻜﺭ‬
‫‪ K2O , Na2O‬ﺒل ﺘﺭﻙ ﻤﺠﺎﻝﻬﺎ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺎ‪.‬‬

‫ﺠﺩﻭل )‪ :(6‬ﻴﺒﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﻭﻱ ﻝﻠﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻲ‬
‫ﻤﺼﺩﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﻠﻭﻤﺎﺕ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻹﻴﻁﺎﻝﻲ ) ‪( Lea, 1980‬‬

‫‪Italian‬‬
‫‪Wt. %‬‬ ‫)‪Burnt clay (1‬‬ ‫)‪Burnt clay (2‬‬ ‫‪Iraqi Pozzolans‬‬
‫‪Pozzolans‬‬
‫‪SiO2‬‬ ‫‪60.2‬‬ ‫‪50.52‬‬ ‫‪55.2‬‬ ‫‪51.65‬‬
‫‪Al2O3‬‬ ‫‪17.72‬‬ ‫‪38.35‬‬ ‫‪18.25‬‬ ‫‪17.76‬‬
‫‪Fe2O3‬‬ ‫‪7.58‬‬ ‫‪2.35‬‬ ‫‪4.00‬‬ ‫‪6.5‬‬
‫‪CaO‬‬ ‫‪2.68‬‬ ‫‪0.75‬‬ ‫‪2.75‬‬ ‫‪10.0‬‬
‫‪MgO‬‬ ‫‪2.50‬‬ ‫‪0.91‬‬ ‫‪1.13‬‬ ‫‪5.0‬‬
‫‪K 2O‬‬ ‫‪3.20‬‬ ‫‪0.78‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬
‫‪10.96‬‬
‫‪Na2O‬‬ ‫‪1.03‬‬ ‫‪0.52‬‬ ‫‪1.7‬‬
‫‪SO3‬‬ ‫‪2.53‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬ ‫‪0.99‬‬ ‫‪1.3‬‬
‫‪L.O.I‬‬ ‫‪1.29‬‬ ‫‪4.03‬‬ ‫‪5.85‬‬ ‫‪3.0‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻤﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺩﺭ‬ ‫)‪ : Burnt clay (1) & (2‬ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﻠﻴل ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻲ ﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﻨﻤﻭﺫﺠﻲ ﺘﻡ ﺍﻝﺤﺼﻭل‬
‫)‪(Building Research ,Technical Paper No. 27‬‬

‫ﺍﻻﺴﺘﻨﺘﺎﺠﺎﺕ‬
‫• ﺍﻥ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻝﻬﻴﺩﻭﻜﺎﺭﺒﻭﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﺴﺭﺒﺔ ﻋﺒﺭ ﺼﺩﻉ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﻜﺴﻲ ﺨـﻼل ﻋـﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻴـﻭ –‬
‫ﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ﻫﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﺴﺅﻭﻝﺔﻋﻥ ﺤﺭﻕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﻝﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﺄﺜﺭﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺭﺴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺒﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺭﺠﺎﺕ ﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺘﺭﺍﻭﺤﺕ ﺒـﻴﻥ )‪(1360 – 950‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﺠﺔ ﻤﺌﻭﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﻌﺘﺒﺭ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻤﺘﺤﻭﻝﺔ ﺒﻔﻌل ﺍﻝﺤﺭﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻝﺘﻲ ﺴﺎﻋﺩﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻝﺘﻐﻴـﺭﺍﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻌﺩﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺘﻜﻭﻴﻥ ﺍﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺠﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺒﻤﺎ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﺸﻘﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﻤﻔﺘﻭﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﻠﻘـﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻜﻭﻨـﺔ‬
‫ﺒﺴﺒﺏ ﺘﺒﺭﻴﺩ ﺍﻝﻤﻨﺼﻬﺭ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﻠﻭﺙ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﺒﻤﺎﺩﺘﻲ ﺍﻝﺠﺒﺱ ﺍﻝﺜﺎﻨﻭﻱ ﻭﺠﺒﺱ ﺒﺎﺭﻴﺱ ﺒﺘﺭﺍﻜﻴﺯ ﻻﺘﺯﻴﺩ ﻋـﻥ ‪%5‬‬
‫ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻨﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺤﺭﻕ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻅﺭﻭﻑ ﻤﻨﺎﺨﻴﺔ ﺠﺎﻓﺔ ﺨﻼل ﻋﺼﺭ ﺍﻝﺒﻼﻴﺴﺘﻭﺴﻴﻥ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺘﻤﺘﻊ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﺒﺼﻔﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻤﻲ ﻤﻥ ﻨـﻭﻉ ﺍﻻﻁﻴـﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻝﻤﺤﺭﻭﻗﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺤﻴﺙ ﻓﻌﺎﻝﻴﺘﻪ ﺍﻝﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺒﺎﻝﻐﺔ‪ .% 88.7‬ﻭﻤﻁﺎﺒﻘﺘﻪ ﻝﺼﻔﺎﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﻝﻜﻴﻤﻴﺎﺌﻴﺔ ﻤـﻊ‬
‫ﺯﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻜﺎﻝﺴﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﻤﻐﻨﻴﺴﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﻤﻭﺠﻭﺩﺍﻥ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻜﻔﺎﺀﺓ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻁﺒﻴﻌﻴﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻨﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﻝـﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﺍﻝﺒـﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﻲ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗـﻲ ﺫﻭ ﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤـﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻨﻀﻐﺎﻁﻴﺔ ‪ 17.6‬ﻨﻴﻭﺘﻥ‪ /‬ﻤﻠﻡ‪ ٢‬ﺒﻨﺴﺏ ﺨﻠﻁ ‪ % ٦٥‬ﺴﻤﻨﺕ ﻤﻊ ‪ % ٣٥‬ﺒﻭﺯﻭﻻﻨﺎ ﻭﻝﻌﻤﺭ ‪28‬‬
‫ﻴﻭﻡ‪.‬‬

‫‪٦٢‬‬
 – ٥١ ‫ﺍﻝﺼﻔﺤﺔ‬ ٢٠٠٦ ‫ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻡ‬،٢ /‫ ﺍﻝﻌﺩﺩ‬،٢ /‫ﺍﻝﻤﺠﻠﺩ‬ ‫ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﻌﺭﺍﻗﻴﺔ‬
٦٣

‫ﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﻘﺎﻭﻤﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻝﻴﺔ ﻝﻠﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻝﻌﻭﺍﻤل ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺸﺩﻴﺩﺓ ﺸﻐﻠﺕ ﻫﺫﻩ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﻗﻤﻡ‬ •
. ‫ ﻴﻔﺼﻠﻬﺎ ﻋﻥ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻝﺘﺤﺘﻴﺔ ﺴﻁﺢ ﺘﻤﺎﺱ ﺤﺎﺩ‬،‫ ﻭﺒﺩﻭﻥ ﻁﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻏﻁﺎﺌﻴﺔ‬،‫ﺴﺘﺔ ﺘﻠﻭل‬
. ‫ ﻁﻥ‬17200 ‫ﺍﻝﺘﻘﺩﻴﺭ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻲ ﻝﻜﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ ﺍﻝﻤﺼﻬﻭﺭﺓ ﻫﻭ ﺤﻭﺍﻝﻲ‬ •

‫ﺍﻝﻤﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬
‫ ﻤﺭﻜـﺯ ﺍﻝﺘﻌﺭﻴـﺏ‬،‫ ﺇﺼﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻝﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﺍﻝﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴـﺔ‬، ‫ ﺘﻜﻨﻭﻝﻭﺠﻴﺎ ﺍﻝﺨﺭﺴﺎﻨﺔ‬. 1984 ، ‫ ﻫﻨﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺩ‬، ‫ ﻤﺅﻴﺩ ﻨﻭﺭﻱ ﻭﻴﻭﺴﻑ‬، ‫ﺍﻝﺨﻠﻑ‬
. ‫ﻭﺍﻝﻨﺸﺭ‬
. ‫ ﺍﻝﻜﻭﻴﺕ‬،‫ ﺍﻝﻁﺒﻌﻪ ﺍﻻﻭﻝﻰ ﻓﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻻﻝﻔﺔ‬. ‫ ﺍﻝﻤﻌﺎﺩﻥ ﻭﺍﻝﺼﺨﻭﺭ‬. ١٩٨٣ ، ‫ ﺯﻴﻨﺏ ﻤﺤﻤﺩ‬، ‫ ﻋﺎﺩل ﻤﺤﻤﺩ ﻭﻋﺒﺩ ﺍﷲ‬، ‫ﺭﻓﻌﺕ‬
‫ ﺍﻝﺘﻘﻴـﻴﻡ ﺍﻝﻨـﻭﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﻜﻤـﻲ‬. 2001 ، ‫ ﻨﻭﺍل ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‬، ‫ ﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﺩﻱ‬، ‫ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﻭﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬، ‫ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬، ‫ﻤﻌﻠﺔ‬
‫ ﺍﻝـﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤـﺔ‬. ‫ ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻅﺔ ﺩﻴﺎﻝﻰ‬،‫ﻝﻠﺘﺭﺏ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻝﻤﺘﻁﺒﻘﺔ ﻻﻏﺭﺍﺽ ﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﻁﺎﺒﻭﻕ ﺍﻝﺒﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻝﻁﻴﻨﻲ ﻓﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ‬
. 2715 ‫ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬،‫ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬
‫ ﺍﻜﺘـﺸﺎﻑ ﺸـﻭﺍﻫﺩ ﻝﻤﻌـﺩﻥ‬. ٢٠٠١ ، ‫ ﻨﻭﺍل ﺍﺤﻤﺩ‬، ‫ ﻗﻴﺱ ﺠﺎﺴﻡ ﻭﺍﻝﺴﻌﺩﻱ‬، ‫ ﻀﻴﺎﺀ ﺒﺩﺭ ﻭﺴﻌﻭﺩ‬، ‫ ﺨﻠﺩﻭﻥ ﻋﺒﺎﺱ ﻭﺨﻤﻴﺱ‬، ‫ﻤﻌﻠﺔ‬
.٢٧٣٠ ‫ ﺘﻘﺭﻴﺭ ﺭﻗﻡ‬،‫ ﺍﻝﺸﺭﻜﺔ ﺍﻝﻌﺎﻤﺔ ﻝﻠﻤﺴﺢ ﺍﻝﺠﻴﻭﻝﻭﺠﻲ ﻭﺍﻝﺘﻌﺩﻴﻥ‬. ‫ﺍﻝﺴﻠﻴﺴﺘﺎﻴﺕ ﻓﻲ ﺠﺒل ﺤﻤﺭﻴﻥ ﺍﻝﺠﻨﻭﺒﻲ ﻤﻨﻁﻘﺔ ﺍﻨﺠﺎﻨﺔ‬

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