Grade 10

PHYSICAL SCIENCES - CONTROL TEST

Time: 1.5 hours Marks: 120

Answer all questions on the paper/answer book provided.

A scientific calculator may be used.

QUESTION 1

There are four possible options for each answer in the following questions. Each question has
only ONE correct answer. Choose the correct answer and write only A, B, C or D next to the
question number.

1.1 A compound consists of ions X2+ and Y3–. A possible formula for the compound could
be:

A 3X2Y
B X2Y3
C X3Y2
D (XY)6 (2)

1.2 Which of the following is not a characteristic of a physical change:

A no new products are formed

B changes can be reversed
C observable with the naked eye
D the parts of the substance lose their chemical identity (2)

1.3 Ionic bonding occurs between:

A two non-metals
B two metals
C a metal and a non-metal.
D a metal and a semi-metal. (2)

1.4 Khumalo heats chocolate in a double boiler and observes the changes. The most
accurate conclusion to his experiment is:

A Chocolate undergoes a chemical change when it is heated

B Chocolate undergoes a physical change when it is heated
C Chocolate decomposes into its constituent components when heated
D Chocolate gives off latent energy when it melts. (2)
1.5 The numbers 11 & 23 are associated with sodium. Which one of the following is
correct? There are:

A 23 protons
B 12 neutrons
C 11 neutrons
D 12 nucleons. (2)

1.6 If 30 g of reactant A reacts completely with 25 g of reactant B, which ONE of the
following statements is CORRECT?

A The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be less than 55 g.
B The total mass of products plus any unreacted reactants will be greater than 55 g.
C The total mass of the products plus any unreacted reactants will be 55 g.
D The total mass of the products will be equal to 55 g. (2)

1.7 When a chemical change occurs:

A there is no change in mass, in the number of atoms or in the number of molecules

B there is no change in mass or the number of atoms, but there is a change in the
number of molecules
C there is no change in mass, but the number of molecules and the number of atoms
change
D the mass, number of atoms and number of molecules all change. (2)

1.8 The temperature of a substance depends on:

A only the number of molecules

B the density of a substance
C the kinetic energy of the molecules
D forces of attraction between the molecules. (2)

1.9 In an exothermic reaction, the following occurs:

A the reacting substances gain chemical energy

B the surroundings gain thermal energy
C the products of the reaction have more mass than the reactants
D the temperature of the reacting mixture decreases. (2)

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1.10 Which ONE of the following equations best describes a synthesis reaction?

A 2NaOCl + 2NH3  2NaONH3 + O2

B NH3  N2 + H2
C (NH4)2CO3  2NH3 + CO2 + H2O
D N2 + H2  2NH3 (2)

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QUESTION 2

Give one word or term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the word or term next to
the question number.

2.1 A reaction in which a compound breaks down to form two or more different substances. (1)

2.2 The law that states that any given compound consists of atoms of two or more elements
that are chemically combined in fixed proportions. (1)

2.3 The collective name for neutrons and protons. (1)

2.4 The energy required to change water at 100 C degrees to water vapour at 100 C. (1)

2.5 A group of gases that occur as single atoms in nature. (1)

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QUESTION 3

Consider the following household items:

 fizzy drink (e.g. cola)

 sugar crystals
 salt solution
 graphite for a clutch pencil
 vinegar
 iron paper clips
 bicarbonate of soda
 air
 dishwashing liquid
 granite counter top
3.1 From the list of items above, write down:

a) TWO homogeneous mixtures (2)

b) TWO heterogeneous mixtures (2)
c) TWO compounds (2)
d) TWO elements. (2)

3.2 Provide the chemical name for bicarbonate of soda. (2)

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QUESTION 4

Copy the periodic table below into your answer book. Use the clues to place the elements in
their correct positions in the table. Imaginary symbols have been allocated to the elements and
these must be used when completing the table.

4.1 Q is the inert gas in period 3. (1)

4.2 R is the element in period 2 that has 7 valence electrons. (1)

4.3 T is the element with the smallest atomic radius. (1)

4.4 V is the element in period 2 that forms the V2– ion. (1)

4.5 Y is the element in period 2 that combines with V to form the compound VZ2. (1)

4.6 Z is the element in period 3 that burns with a yellow-orange flame when it occurs as a
cation. (1)

4.7 M is the element in Group 2 that has electrons in two energy levels. (1)

4.8 W is the element in period 3 that is a semi-metal used in electronics. (1)

4.9 X is the element that has 5 electrons spread over the first 2 energy levels. (1)

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QUESTION 5

53
Iodine is an element that exists as two isotopes, one of which is 131 I . This form of iodine is
poisonous as it is radioactive. It is used successfully in the treatment of thyroid cancer. The
thyroid is the only organ in the body that absorbs iodine. When a patient is given radioactive
iodine it is absorbed into the thyroid, where the cancer cells are killed from the inside out by this
poisonous iodine.

5.1 What are isotopes of an element? (2)

5.2 How many protons and neutrons does the above isotope contain? (2)

5.3 Another isotope of iodine has 75 neutrons. Represent this isotope using the same
notation as above. (2)

5.4 Do you think the isotopes of iodine will have similar chemical properties? Provide a
reason for your answer. (2)

5.5 Explain how the use of iodine isotopes has led to advances in the medical industry. (2)

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QUESTION 6

In 1910, Ernest Rutherford directed positively charged radioactive particles into a thin sheet of
gold to investigate what atoms were made of. He expected many of the particles to be deflected
backwards, but noted that most of the particles passed straight through the sheet of gold, while
only a few were deflected and bounced back. These results led to the further development of the
atomic model.

6.1 Describe the model of the atom that the scientists believed was true before this
experiment. (3)

6.2 Why did most of the particles pass straight through the thin sheet of gold? (2)

6.3 What caused some of the particles to be deflected? (2)

6.4 The results of this experiment led scientists to revise the structure of the atom. Refer to
THREE aspects of the atom to describe how the model was revised. (3)

6.5 Use the scientific method to explain how this experiment helped scientists develop a
better understanding of the atom. (3)

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QUESTION 7

7.1 Consider the reaction between sodium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. It reacts to
produce sodium chloride, carbon dioxide and water.

a) What is the common name for sodium chloride? (1)

b) Balance the chemical equation below:

Na2CO3 (s) + HCl (aq)  NaCl (aq) + CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
(2)
c) State the Law of Conservation of Matter. (2)
d) Show that the mass is conserved in the reaction. (6)

7.2 Consider the production of hydrogen chloride. Balance the equation below and fill in the
missing volume of gaseous product formed.

H2 (g) + Cl2 (g)  HCl (g)

If 8 cm3 of H2 reacts with an excess of Cl2, ______ cm3 of HCl (g) is produced. (2)

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QUESTION 8

Magnesium burns in oxygen to form a white powder. Levi and Josh want to investigate whether
the mass of this reaction will be conserved. They react a known mass of magnesium with
oxygen in a closed crucible to prevent the loss of the product. Heat is given off.

8.1 Name the product formed in this reaction. (2)

8.2 Write a balanced chemical equation to represent this reaction. (3)

8.3 What type of bond exists between the atoms of the product? (1)

8.4 Classify this reaction as a synthesis or decomposition reaction. Give a reason for your
answer. (2)

8.5 Classify this reaction as exothermic or endothermic. Give a reason for your answer. (3)

Levi re-weighs the crucible at the end of the experiment and calculates that the mass of
magnesium oxide is greater than the mass of magnesium originally used.

8.6 Josh states that this experiment does NOT agree with the Law of Conservation of Mass,
since the crucible had a greater mass after the experiment. Explain why there was an
increase in mass. (2)

8.7 Magnesium burns with a brilliant white light. Name TWO safety measures that John and
Miriam should take when performing this experiment. Give a reason for each answer. (4)

8.8 Chemicals can be dangerous, as one may not know how they react. Why is it important
that every person performing experiments adheres to safety rules of the laboratory? (2)

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QUESTION 9

Ricky and Dean place a solid compound on a heating plate and heat the substance uniformly at
a constant rate. The table below shows the temperatures of the object at different times during
the experiment.

Time (minutes) 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Temperature (C) 15,5 27 37 37 37 48 59 70 80 80 80 80 91 102

9.1 Suggest a suitable investigative question for this experiment. (2)

9.2 Suggest a suitable hypothesis for this experiment. (2)

9.3 Name ONE condition that must be kept constant to ensure a reliable result. (1)

9.4 Draw a graph of temperature versus time for the data observed above. (5)

9.5 What would you have observed in the beaker at 37 C? (2)

9.6 At what temperature does the compound melt? (1)

9.7 At what temperature does the compound boil? (1)

9.8 Provide a definition for the word “temperature”. (2)

9.9 Is this an example of a chemical or a physical change? (1)

9.10 From 16 to 18 minutes the temperature of the compound remains constant, despite the
constant heating. Using your knowledge of intermolecular forces and temperature,
explain what occurs between the particles of this substance as it changes phase. Be
sure to explain why the temperature remains constant at certain points. (4)

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[TOTAL: 120 marks]