APUSH Final Exam Review Sheet 2020 PDF

APUSH
Final Exam Review Sheet
Final Exam Review Sheet

Use the following list of main ideas/concepts to prepare for the erxam. Consider the significance of each term/idea as well as what
historical event(s)/issue(s) each relates to—also think in the context of the “big picture.”
Period 1: 1491-1607
On a North American continent controlled by American Indians, contact among the peoples of Europe, the Americas, and West
Africa created a new world.
Main ideas/concepts:
 Columbian exchange
 Exploration of the Americas: Spanish and Portuguese
 Encomienda system
 European contact with Native American tribes
Period 2: 1607-1754
Europeans and American Indians maneuvered and fought for dominance, control, and security in North America, and distinctive
colonial and native societies emerged.
 Colonization: Influence and effect of Spanish, French, Dutch, and British colonization (including impact on Native
Americans)
 Colonial slavery and the Atlantic slave trade (triangular trade)
 Puritans: “city upon a hill”
 13 colonies: political, economic, social, and religious development
 Relationship of 13 colonies with Britain: Navigation Acts/mercantilism
 Great Awakening: impact
Period 3: 1754-1800
British imperial attempts to reassert control over its colonies and the colonial reaction to these attempts produced a new
American republic, along with struggles over the new nation’s social, political, and economic identity.
 Impact of Seven Years’ War (French and Indian War): British imperial policy (taxes)
 Colonial response to British imperial policy: Sons of Liberty, Patrick Henry, Thomas Paine, Declaration of
Independence
 American Revolution: Treaty of Paris
 Articles of Confederation: Weaknesses; Shays’ Rebellion
 Debates over the ratification of the Constitution: Federalists and Anti-Federalists; Bill of Rights
 Washington’s presidency: Farewell Address; Neutrality Proclamation; Whiskey Rebellion
 Rise of the first party system: Disagreements over federal authority such as states’ rights: Virginia and Kentucky
Resolutions; national bank
Period 4: 1800-1848
The new republic struggled to define and extend democratic ideals in the face of rapid economic, territorial, and
demographic changes.
 Rise of the two-party system: Federalists vs. Democratic-Republicans; Democrats vs. Whigs
 Influence of the Marshall Court: Marbury v. Madison; McCulloch v. Maryland; Worcester v. Georgia; Gibbons v.
Ogden
 Impact of Jefferson’s presidency: Revolution of 1800; Embargo Act; Louisiana Purchase
 War of 1812: regional and political differences with the U.S.; Hartford Convention
 War of 1812/Era of Good Feelings: One party system; Monroe Doctrine
 Market Revolution: Economic, technological, and transportation changes (mechanical reaper, cotton gin, Lowell
System/mills, American System roads/canals)
 Sectional tensions: slavery, Missouri Compromise, tariffs, territorial acquisition/expansion
 Jacksonian Democracy: common man; Bank War; Tariff of Abominations and nullification crisis; Trail of Tears
 Second Great Awakening and reform movements
 Role of women: Seneca Falls; the cult of domesticity; involvement in reform movements
Period 5: 1844-1877
As the nation expanded and its population grew, regional tensions, especially over slavery, led to a civil war — the course and
aftermath of which transformed American society.
 Manifest destiny: Oregon; Mexican-American War/Texas; Wilmot Proviso
 Immigration: Irish, Germans, and nativist sentiment (Know-Nothings)
 Slavery/responses to slavery: Abolitionism (Frederick Douglass; William Lloyd Garrison; Sojourner Truth; Uncle
Tom’s Cabin), Compromise of 1850; popular sovereignty; Kansas-Nebraska Act; rise of the Republican Party (and the
modern day two party system); Dred Scott v. Sanford; Ostend Manifesto
 North vs. South regional and economic differences: population, railroads; etc.
 Lincoln’s presidency: Election of 1860; significance of the border states; increased powers during war; Emancipation
Proclamation; Gettysburg Address
 Civil War key turning points: Battle of Bull Run; Antietam; Gettysburg, Vicksburg
 Reconstruction: Civil War Amendments: 13th, 14th, 15th; Radical Reconstruction: presidential vs. Congressional;
Johnson’s impeachment; Freedmen’s Bureau; Black Codes; Jim Crow laws; Compromise of 1877
Period 6: 1865-1898
The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought
about significant economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes.
 Gilded Age: Political and economic impact/effects/problems (such as Boss Tweed, spoils system, immigration, and
urbanization)
 Big business and industrialization: Railroads (Carnegie; Rockefeller; Morgan), labor unions (AF of L; Knights of Labor)
 The New South: Sharecropping; industrialization
 Farmers: The Grange; cooperatives; Farmers’ Alliance; Populist Party; free silver; inflation; tariffs
 Racist and nativist theories: Chinese Exclusion Act; Plessy v. Ferguson; Dawes Act
 Reformers: W.E.B. DuBois; Booker T. Washington; Jane Addams; Elizabeth Cady Stanton; Susan B. Anthony
Period 7: 1890-1945
An increasingly pluralistic United States faced profound domestic and global challenges, debated the proper degree of
government activism, and sought to define its international role.
 Spanish-American War: America’s role in the world (Roosevelt Corollary; Open Door Notes)
 Progressivism: Reforms at local, state, and federal level; amendments (16-19); muckrakers
 World War I: Mobilization for war, neutrality and isolationism, Espionage and Sedition Act, Woodrow Wilson
(League of Nations; 14 Points; Treaty of Versailles), Great Migration
 1920s: Harlem Renaissance, consumerism, red scare, immigration restrictions, religious fundamentalism,
prohibition, new technology (radio and assembly line)
 Great Depression: Causes from the 1920s (installment plans, buying stock on margin, overproduction of farm goods,
and uneven distribution of wealth)
 New Deal: Alphabet agencies (know 5 programs), banking reform, relief, recovery, and reform (the 3 R’s), court
packing,
 World War II: Mobilization for war, Japanese internment, “arsenal of democracy;” Manhattan Project’ Atlantic
Charter; end of the Great Depression

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Final Exam Review Sheet

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