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Guided Reading & Analysis: Reconstruction,

1863-1877 chapter 15- Reconstruction
Reading Assignment:
Ch. 15 AMSCO or other resource for Period 5.

Purpose:
This guide is not only a place to record notes as you read, but also to provide a
place and structure for reflections and analysis using your noggin (thinking skills)
with new knowledge gained from the reading.

Directions:
1. Pre-Read: Read the prompts/questions within this guide before you read the chapter.
2. Skim: Flip through the chapter and note titles and subtitles. Look at images and read captions. Get a feel for the content you are about to read.
3. Read/Analyze: Read the chapter. If you have your own copy of AMSCO, Highlight key events and people as you read. Remember, the goal is not
to “fish” for a specific answer(s) to reading guide questions, but to consider questions in order to critically understand what you read!
4. Write Write (or type) your notes and analysis in the spaces provided.

Key Concepts FOR PERIOD 5:

Key Concept 5.1: The United States became more connected with the world, pursued an expansionist foreign policy in the Western
Hemisphere, and emerged as the destination for many migrants from other countries.
Key Concept 5.2: Intensified by expansion and deepening regional divisions, debates over slavery and other economic, cultural, and
political issues led the nation into civil war.
Key Concept 5.3: The Union victory in the Civil War and the contested reconstruction of the South settled the issues of slavery and
secession, but left unresolved many questions about the power of the federal government and citizenship rights.

Section 1 Guided Reading

1. Intro: Reconstruction, 1863-1877

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes

Read the Frederick Douglas quote and first two paragraphs of the chapter.
The Union victory in Summarize the 5 main questions facing the nation at the end of the Civil War.
the Civil War and the
contested 1)
Reconstruction of the
South settled the issues 2)
of slavery and
secession, but left 3)
unresolved many
questions about the 4)
power of the federal
government and 5)
citizenship rights.

What economic sectional conflicts remained in 1865?

Northerners wanted…

Southerners wanted…

Intro: Reconstruction, 1863-1877 Continued…

Key Concepts &

Main Ideas Notes

The Union victory in Why did the federal government focus more on political change in Reconstruction than economic assistance to freemen and
the Civil War and the aid for infrastructure in the devastated South (where most battles were fought)?
 contested #AmericanIdentity!
Reconstruction of the
South settled the issues
of slavery and
secession, but left
unresolved many
questions about the
power of the federal
government and
citizenship rights.

2. Reconstruction Plans of Lincoln and Johnson

REMEMBER…As you read the chapter, jot down your notes in the middle column. Consider your notes to be elaborations on the Objectives
and Main Ideas presented in the left column and in the subtitles of the text. INCLUDE IN YOUR NOTES ALL SIGNIFICANT VOCABULARY AND
PEOPLE. After read and take notes, thoughtfully, analyze what you read by answering the questions in the right column. Remember this step is
essential to your processing of information. Completing this guide thoughtfully will increase your retention as well as your comprehension!

Key Concepts
& Main Ideas Notes Analysis
The Civil War Reconstruction Plans of Lincoln and Johnson… How did Lincoln address the questions you
and summarized on page 1 of this guide?
Reconstruction Lincoln’s Policies…
altered power 1)
relationships Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction, 1863…
between the
states and the
federal
2)
government and
among the
executive,
legislative, and
judicial 3)
branches, Wade-Davis Bill, 1864…
ending slavery
and the notion
of a divisible
4)
union, but
leaving
unresolved Freedmen’s Bureau, 1865…
questions of
relative power 5)
and largely
unchanged
social and
Identify the controversy in Lincoln’s plan as
economic
Lincoln’s Last Speech… illustrated by the Wade-Davis Bill. What does
patterns.
this reveal about Northern-Southern relations?

Three days after Lincoln gave his speech at the White House, he and his wife attended a showing of
Our American Cousin at Ford’s Theater, without his bodyguard, whom Lincoln had sent on
assignment out of town. During the play, John Wilkes Booth entered Lincoln’s theater box and shot
him in the head. Booth and his co-conspirators had originally plotted to kidnap Lincoln and ransom
him for Confederate prisoners of war, after Grant refused to allow any further prisoner exchanges.
However, as Booth understood that the Confederacy would lose the war, he changed his plan to an
assassination in hopes that Lincoln’s death would rally the Confederates to continue the war. The
group also planned to kill several other high-level officials in the U.S. government, including Vice
President Andrew Johnson. Only Booth achieved his goal, though one of his co-conspirators
seriously wounded Secretary of State William Seward.
Reconstruction Plans of Lincoln and Johnson continued…

Key Concepts & Main

Ideas Notes Analysis
 Johnson and Reconstruction… Support, refute, or modify the following
The Civil War and statement: The Presidential Plans for
Reconstruction altered Reconstruction reflected the belief that
power relationships the primary goal post-war was to reunite
between the states and the nation. Write a complete thesis, and
the federal government then defend your answer with evidence.
and among the
executive, legislative, Johnson’s Reconstruction Policy…
and judicial branches,
ending slavery and the
notion of a divisible
union, but leaving
unresolved questions of
relative power and
largely unchanged
social and economic Southern Governments of 1865…
patterns.

The 13th
Amendment
abolished slavery, Thirteenth Amendment…
bringing about the
war’s most dramatic Black Codes…
social and economic
change, but the
exploitative and soil-
intensive
sharecropping
system endured for
several generations.

Johnson’s Vetoes…

3. Congressional Reconstruction
Key Concepts
& Main Ideas Notes Analysis
Was Congressional
Congressional Reconstruction… Reconstruction more about
The Civil War racial equality or political
and Radical Republicans… power? Explain your answer.
Reconstruction
altered power
relationships.

Congressional Reconstruction continued…

Key Concepts
& Main Ideas Notes Analysis
 Efforts by radical and
moderate Republicans Civil Rights Act of 1866… What was the primary
to reconstruct the purpose of the 14th
defeated South changed Amendment?
the balance of power
between Congress and
the presidency and
yielded some short-
term successes,
reuniting the union, Fourteenth Amendment…
opening up political
By defining citizens as
opportunities and other anyone born in the United
leadership roles to States, how did this
former slaves, and Amendment create future
temporarily rearranging conflict?
the relationships
between white and
black people in the
South.
Report of the Joint Committee…
The constitutional
changes of the
Reconstruction period
embodied a Northern
idea of American
identity and national
purpose and led to The Election of 1866…
conflicts over new
definitions of
citizenship, particularly
regarding the rights of
African Americans,
women, and other
minorities.

The image at left was a two page spread in Harpers

Weekly by artist Thomas Nast, printed in 1866.
President Andrew Johnson was chosen as
Lincoln’s Vice President in 1864 (National Union
Party… not Republican or Democrat) to secure re-
election at a time of waning support. He was actually
a pro-Union Democrat from Tennessee who had
seen his property, home, and slaves stolen by
Confederates during the first year of the war. He
became president in 1865 following Lincoln’s
assassination. In 1866, Johnson led his “Swing
around the Circle,” a 1966 campaign trip through
the Midwest, attempting to win popular support for
his lenient Reconstruction policy. He was battling the
Radical Republicans who feared allowing ex-rebel
Democrats would regain control of the South. They
had prevented them from being seated in Congress
in protest of the Southern Black Codes. On the
Circle Tour… in one speech lasting an hour, the
President referred to himself more than two hundred
times. In another, he went so far as to imply that the
murder of Abraham Lincoln had been part of God's
plan to make him president. At a third event, he said
that Rep. Thaddeus Stevens, the Republican
majority leader, deserved to be hanged. (He said
this after a heckler in the crowd said, “Hang Jeff
Davis!”)
Johnson accused Radical Republicans of planting hecklers, inciting riots, including the New Orleans Riot, and of wanting to keep the nation divided rather than re-uniting it.
After Johnson compared himself to Jesus by saying that like the Savior, he too liked to pardon repentant sinners, his remaining speeches were drowned out by hecklers. State
government officials refused to be seen with him. In the midterm elections that November, so disgusted were most Americans at Andrew Johnson that Republicans won two-thirds
majorities in both houses of Congress. The GOP was then able to enact legislation to “rescue” southern states from the “neo-Confederate” Democrats. Thus began Radical
Reconstruction.
Congressional Reconstruction continued…

Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis

 Efforts by radical and Reconstruction Acts of 1867… Explain how the” Swing Around
moderate Republicans to the Circle” affected Radical
reconstruct the defeated Republican attitudes toward
South changed the balance Johnson.
of power between Congress
and the presidency and
yielded some short-term
successes, reuniting the
union, opening up political
opportunities and other
leadership roles to former
slaves, and temporarily Impeachment of Andrew Johnson…
rearranging the relationships
between white and black
people in the South.

Radical Republicans’ efforts

to change southern racial
attitudes and culture and
establish a base for their party
in the South ultimately failed,
due both to determined
southern resistance and to the
North’s waning resolve. Reforms After Grant’s Election…

Explain how Radical Reconstruction

Although citizenship, equal The Election of 1868… illustrated the continued conflict
protection of the laws, and between contract and compact
voting rights were granted to political theories.
African Americans in the
14th and 15th Amendments,
these rights were
progressively stripped away
through segregation,
Fifteenth Amendment…
violence, Supreme Court
decisions, and local political
tactics.

The Civil War

Amendments established
judicial principles that were
Civil Rights Act of 1875…
stalled for many decades
but eventually became the
basis for court decisions
upholding civil rights.

4. Reconstruction in the South

Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis

Efforts by radical and Reconstruction in the South… Based on this information, explain
moderate Republicans to why Texas did not rejoin the Union
reconstruct the defeated South until 1873.
changed the balance of
power between Congress and
the presidency and yielded
some short-term successes,
reuniting the union, opening
up political opportunities and
other leadership roles to
former slaves, and
temporarily rearranging the
relationships between white
and black people in the
South.

Reconstruction in the South Continued…

Notes Analysis
 Key Concepts & Main
Ideas

Efforts by radical and Composition of the Reconstruction Governments… Explain two forces that led to African
moderate Republicans American suffrage and public service
to reconstruct the despite Southern resistance.
defeated South changed
the balance of power
between Congress and
the presidency and
yielded some short-term Scalawags and Carpetbaggers…
successes, reuniting the
union, opening up
political opportunities
and other leadership
roles to former slaves,
and temporarily
rearranging the African American Legislators…
relationships between
white and black people
in the South.

Radical Republicans’ Support, refute, or modify the following

efforts to change statement: Radical Republicans worked
southern racial Evaluating the Republican Record… for positive change in the best interest
attitudes and culture of all citizens. Write a complete thesis
and establish a base and defend your answer!
for their party in the
South ultimately
failed, due both to Accomplishments…
determined southern
resistance and to the
North’s waning
resolve.

The 13th
Amendment
abolished slavery, Failures…
bringing about the
war’s most dramatic
social and economic
change, but the
exploitative and soil-
intensive To what extent was sharecropping
sharecropping
an economic and social
system endured for
several generations. improvement for African American
African Americans Adjusting to Freedom… farm workers in the South? Defend
your answer!

Building Black Communities…

Sharecropping…

5. The North During Reconstruction

Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis

 Efforts by radical and The North During Reconstruction… FYI: The Grant years crossover
moderate Republicans to between Reconstruction Era and its
reconstruct the defeated South issues… to the Gilded Age and its
changed the balance of
Rise of the Spoilsman… issues. Some of the objectives for
power between Congress and
this section are going to be
the presidency and yielded
some short-term successes,
emphasized more in the next unit.
reuniting the union, opening Corruption in Business and Government…
up political opportunities and
other leadership roles to
former slaves, and To what extent was the Panic of
temporarily rearranging the 1873 responsible for the end of
relationships between white Reconstruction. Defend your
and black people in the answer!
South.

FROM PERIOD 6
CONTENT OUTLINE:
Gilded Age politics were
intimately tied to big business
and focused nationally on
economic issues — tariffs, The Election of 1872…
currency, corporate
expansion, and laissez-faire
economic policy — that
engendered numerous calls for
reform.

Corruption in government —
especially as it related to big The Panic of 1873…
business — energized the
public to demand increased
popular control and reform of
local, state, and national
governments, ranging from
minor changes to major
overhauls of the capitalist
system.

6. The End of Reconstruction

Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The End of Reconstruction… Nathan Bedford Forest State Park in

Radical Republicans’ Tennessee has been under attack as
efforts to change a movement to change its name is
southern racial attitudes underway. Support or refute the
and culture and establish assertion that historical monuments
a base for their party in and parks named after racists
the South ultimately should be removed or renamed.
failed, due both to Defend your view.
determined southern
resistance and to the White Supremacy and the Ku Klux Klan…
North’s waning resolve.
 Key Concepts & Main Ideas Notes Analysis

The Amnesty Act of 1872…

Radical Republicans’ In his autobiography, U.S. Grant
efforts to change stated that his biggest regret was
southern racial attitudes removing the military… that they
and culture and establish The Election of 1876… pulled out too soon. Support or
a base for their party in refute this viewpoint. Defend your
the South ultimately answer!
failed, due both to
determined southern
resistance and to the
North’s waning resolve.

The Compromise of 1877…

7. Historical Perspectives: Did Reconstruction Fail?

The William Dunning view… The W.E.B. Du Bois, John Hope Franklin, and Modern Historians’ view, including Eric Foner…
Kenneth Stamp’s view…

Which viewpoint do you support most? Explain your choice.

 In Review…
(fill in the blanks)

Lincoln developed his Congress challenged Radical Republicans were kept in line by the moderate
___% Plan in 1863 and Lincoln’s ___% Plan with Lincoln. His death let them loose under the weaker _____________ continued
begun re-admittance the ___% Wade-Davis Johnson. Johnson was the only Southern Senator to stay Lincoln’s lenient plan, but
before the South Bill. Lincoln pocket in Congress after the secession of the South… which is radicals demanded the
surrendered at vetoed the bill. why Lincoln chose him as VP in ______… but that did not South be punished for
Appomattox in 1865. mean he could handle the radicals. slavery and secession.

Radicals ensured the _____ Radicals had no opposition while Radical Republicans refused to Johnson angered Radicals when
Amendment was ratified, ending slavery. taking over the reconstruction of the seat______________ he issued ________________
Southerners resented growing power of South. They passed the representatives… open for all but those above the rank
freedmen. Race riots spread across the ______________ Act in 65. Johnson defiance of the Presidential of colonel. He also allowed
South to protest the _____________ Act. vetoed. Congress overrode veto. (first plan. Southern states to hold elections
time in history) to Congress in late 1865.

Johnson vetoed it, The __________ was treated as Southern state governments were
Congress clearly marked the Congress overrode veto. a foreign nation. Many lost the subject to Union military commanders.
end of Presidential The radicals then took over right to vote (again) as This second class status continued
Reconstruction when the reconstruction of the south Congress started over with the until they gave Black men the right to
passed the First by _______________ process of readmitting states. vote and ratified the ______
_______________________ occupation. Amendment.
Act in 1867.

Southern states had to Many Freedmen voted Johnson condemned the

ratify the _______ while many Southern Radicals took over the plan as harsh, but was
Grant
Amendment giving the Whites couldn’t, resulting executive with their silenced by Congress
suspended
right to vote to all men. in large numbers of “bloody shirt,” bringing in though ______________
habeas corpus
Resentment led to the _________________ ________________. __________ Act and
as he went after
the _______ rise of the being elected. ________________.
after the 1871 ____________.
____________
____Act.

Breaking the Confederate spirit and forcing the social reformation of the South proved idealistic, and Northerners eventually gave up or lost interest.
The troops were removed following the _____________________, and the South rose again… re-implementing a racist culture with segregation and
disenfranchisement.

How would you characterize the point of view of this review? How does it differ from your textbook?