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    Center of Advanced in Engineering, Islamabad: Studies Communication Systems Lab

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    Muhammad Shayan
    This document describes an experiment to design a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit. The objectives are to understand VCO operation, how varactor diodes work, and design a VCO using the Colpitt or Clapp configuration. A VCO is an oscillator whose frequency is controlled by an input voltage. Varactor diodes are used, as their capacitance varies with the reverse bias voltage, allowing the circuit frequency to be changed. Students are instructed to build the VCO circuit, apply different input voltages, and measure the resulting output frequencies to graph the voltage-frequency relationship.

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    Center of Advanced in Engineering, Islamabad: Studies Communication Systems Lab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shayan
    59 views6 pages
    This document describes an experiment to design a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit. The objectives are to understand VCO operation, how varactor diodes work, and design a VCO using the Colpitt or Clapp configuration. A VCO is an oscillator whose frequency is controlled by an input voltage. Varactor diodes are used, as their capacitance varies with the reverse bias voltage, allowing the circuit frequency to be changed. Students are instructed to build the VCO circuit, apply different input voltages, and measure the resulting output frequencies to graph the voltage-frequency relationship.

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    LAb09_19.pdf

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    This document describes an experiment to design a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit. The objectives are to understand VCO operation, how varactor diodes work, and design a VCO using the Colpitt or Clapp configuration. A VCO is an oscillator whose frequency is controlled by an input voltage. Varactor diodes are used, as their capacitance varies with the reverse bias voltage, allowing the circuit frequency to be changed. Students are instructed to build the VCO circuit, apply different input voltages, and measure the resulting output frequencies to graph the voltage-frequency relationship.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views6 pages

    Center of Advanced in Engineering, Islamabad: Studies Communication Systems Lab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shayan
    This document describes an experiment to design a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) circuit. The objectives are to understand VCO operation, how varactor diodes work, and design a VCO using the Colpitt or Clapp configuration. A VCO is an oscillator whose frequency is controlled by an input voltage. Varactor diodes are used, as their capacitance varies with the reverse bias voltage, allowing the circuit frequency to be changed. Students are instructed to build the VCO circuit, apply different input voltages, and measure the resulting output frequencies to graph the voltage-frequency relationship.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 6

    CASE

    Center of Advanced Studies in Engineering, Islamabad


    Communication Systems Lab

    EXPERIMENT # 09: Designing of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

    Name of Student: …………………………………………………….

    Roll No.: …………………………………Section: ………………….

    Date of Experiment: ………………………………………………….

    Report submitted on: ………………………………………………..

    Marks obtained: ……………………………………

    Remarks: ……………………………………………

    Instructor’s Signature: ……………………………...

    1
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab
    CASE

    Experiment # 09

    Designing of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

    1. Objectives
    1. Understanding the operation of VCO
    2. Understanding the working of varactor diodes
    3. Design of VCO circuit using Colpitt/Clapp Configuration.

    2. Introduction
    A voltage-controlled oscillator or VCO is an electronic oscillator whose oscillation frequency is
    controlled by a voltage input. The applied input voltage determines the instantaneous oscillation
    frequency. Consequently, modulating signals applied to control input may cause frequency
    modulation (FM) or phase modulation (PM). A VCO may also be part of a phase-locked loop.

    Figure-1 Voltage Controlled Oscillator

    There are several methods to make VCO. In today’s lab we use the feedback oscillators to make
    a VCO by doing some changes in the circuit of last lab in which you were able to design single
    frequency oscillator. VCO is nothing just variable frequency oscillator whose frequency changes
    by the applied input voltage as shown in figure 1. So today’s lab is the continuation of the last
    lab.

    2
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab
    CASE

    3. Working of VCO

    3
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab
    CASE

    Figure-2 Basic VCO operation & its voltage vs frequency graph

    Figure-3 Basic variable reactance VCO

    As shown in above figure just by inserting the varactor diodes in the place of fixed capacitor we
    can implement the VCO.

    4
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab
    CASE

    4. Varactor Diodes
    A varactor diode is a P-N junction diode that changes its capacitance and the series resistance as
    the bias applied to the diode is varied. The property of capacitance change is utilized to achieve a
    change in the frequency and/or the phase of an electrical circuit.

    Key Electrical Parameters


    The key electrical parameters guiding the selection and usage of a varactor diode are

    1) Reverse breakdown voltage.

    2) Capacitance value and the capacitance-voltage change behavior.

    3) Quality factor (also known as figure of merit), Q.

    Figure-4 reverse voltage vs capacitance curve of diode MV2109

    5. Experimental Work
    1. Material Required
    a) DC Power Supply --------- 2
    b) Oscilloscope ---------------- 1
    d) Npn-transistor 3904 ---------------- 1

    2. Procedure
    1. Set up the circuit shown in figure 4.
    2. Connect +12V power supply. (When connecting the power supply, take care of the polarity).
    3. Now observe the output at output coupling capacitor. Output would be sinusoidal waveform.
    4. Now change the input voltage across the varactor diodes and measure the output frequency.
    5. Repeat step 4 for different values of voltage(0,5,12).Make a graph of VR vs output frequency
    attach with the report.

    5
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab
    CASE

    Figure-5 Circuit of Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO)

    6
    Communication Systems (EE3501) Lab

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