SECTION A (MULTIPLE QUESTIONS)

1. The following are side effects likely to be caused by Artane except

a) Dry mouth
b) Urinary retention
c) blurred vision
d) Insomnia
2. Which one of these are tricyclic antidepressants?
a) Fluoxetine and Imipramine
b) Imipramine and Amitriptyline
c) Amitriptyline and Fluoxetine
d) Imipramine and diazepam
3. Moodstablizers have the ability to reduce mood swings that occur in________
a) Mania
b) Bipolar disorder
c) Seizure disorder
d) Anxiety disorder
4. Moodstablizers have the similar mechanism of action with_________
a) Anxiolytics
b) Anticholinergic
c) Antipsychotics
d) Antidepressant
5. The following causes amnesic syndrome except?
a) Thiamine deficiency
b) Intoxication
c) Intracranial causes
d) Poor vision
6. The following are an example of Delusions except?
a) Thought insertion
b) Thought withdrawal
c) Hallucinosis
d) Thought broadcasting

[1]
7. Unpleasant mood is known as__________________________
a) Elated mood
b) Irritable mood
c) Dysphoric mood
d) Euphoria
8. The loss of emotional tone and the ability to feel pleasure associated with the
detachment is ____________
a) Apathy
b) Anhedonia
c) Avolition
d) Flat affect
9. An elevated mood or exaggerated feeling of well-being which is pathological
and seen in manic patient
a) Elation mood
b) Irritable mood
c) Dysphoric mood
d) Euphoria
10.___________ a persistent irrational fear of an activity, object or situation,
leading to avoidance.
a) Obsession
b) Phobia
c) Panic attacks
d) Agitation
11.The following are the examples of Affect except?
a) labile affect
b) Flat affect
c) blunted affect
d) Cheerful affect
12. The following are examples of speech disorders except?
a) Mutism
b) Pressure of speech
c) Impulsivity
d) Stammering
[2]
13._____________ the repeated involuntary movements that appear to be goal
directed
a) Mannerisms
b) Negativism
c) Echopraxia
d) Stereotypes
14.______________ refers to a patient who is mute and immobile but who is also
fully conscious
a) Depressive retardation
b) Waxy flexibility
c) Stupor
d) Tics
15.The type of therapy where the patient is taught the skills such as cooking and
how to organize he or her life better is__________
a) Psycho education
b) Social skills training
c) Rehabilitation
d) Occupation therapy
16.Compliance with typical antipsychotic drug treatment can be improved by
using _______________
a) Depot preparation
b) Atypical antipsychotic
c) Adding anticholinergic
d) combining both typical and atypical antipsychotic
17.The following are the examples of extra pyramidal side effects except one
a) Parkinsonism
b) Dystonia
c) Anticholinergic symptoms
d) Tardive dyskinesia

[3]
18. Which Drugs are also known as neuroleptics and commonly used in
treatment of schizophrenia_____________________
a) Antipsychotic
b) Anticonvulsant
c) Antidepressant
d) Mood stablizers
19.The following are psychiatric disorders associated with the abuse of
substances except one__________
a) Delirium tremens
b) Hallucinosis
c) Psychosexual disorders
d) Hepatic damage
20.The delusional belief that another person is deeply in love with one is
called______
a) Delusional Jealousy
b) Erotomania
c) Delusional of reference
d) Delusional of bodily change
21.The chronicle syndrome of many physical symptoms with no adequate medical
explanation which is associated with psycho-social distress and medical- help
seeking is____________
a) Somatization
b) Hypochondriasis
c) Somatoform disorder
d) Pain disorder
22.A disorder where a person is preoccupied with some imagined defect of
appearance in a normal appearing person is referred to as_________
a) Somatoform disorder
b) Body dysmorphic disorder
c) Hypochondriasis
d) Hysteria

[4]
23. The Psychosis which is likely to occur from 6 weeks up to one year post
delivery is referred to as__________________
a) Postpartum
b) Puerperal psychosis
c) puerperal depression
d) Hyperemesis gravidarum
24.The application of psychiatric knowledge to issues related to the court and law
is ____________
a) Criminology
b) Forensic Psychiatry
c) Delinquency
d) Pathology
25.The failure to resist irresistible impulses to steal objects not needed for
personal use nor for monetary value is_________-
a) Kleptomania
b) Arson
c) Pyromania
d) Tort
26.The following are examples of atypical antipsychotics except one
a) Clozapine
b) Risperidone
c) Olanzapine
d) Chlorpromazine
27.In nurse-patient relationship to succeed in counseling the patient, which skill
will you recommend?
a) Empathy
b) Sympathy
c) Listening
d) Eye contact

[5]
28.The following are examples of defense mechanism except one
a) Denial
b) Repression
c) Regression
d) Transference
29.Paranoid Schizophrenia is dominated by the presence of the following
symptoms except one
a) Delusion of persecution,
b) Delusion of reference,
c) Delusion of bodily change
d) Poor organized delusion
30.Catatonic schizophrenia is dominated by the presence of the following
symptoms except one
a) stupor
b) Excitement
c) Waxy flexibility
d) Incoherent speech
31.Schizoid(withdrawn) personality disorder is dominated by the following
features except one
a) Reserved
b) Shy
c) Eccentric
d) Jealousy
32.Histrionic ( antisocial) personality disorder is dominated by the following
features except one
a) Attention seeking
b) Excessive emotionality
c) Overdramatic behavior
d) Perfectionism

[6]
33.Dy stonia (extrapyramidal) is characterized by the following symptoms except
one
a) Acute muscular rigidity
b) Stiff or thick tongue
c) Difficulties swallowing
d) Restlessness

34.Drug induced Parkinsonism is dominated by the following symptoms except

one
a) Shuffling gait,
b) Mask like faces
c) Slowness and difficult initiating movements
d) High fever
35.Neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) is the reaction to an antipsychotic
drug and is characterized by the following symptoms except one
a) High fever
b) Unstable blood pressure,
c) Confused and often mute
d) Tongue protruding

36.The reaction caused by the typical antipsychotic is common referred to

as_________
a) Dystonia
b) Parkinsonism
c) Akathisia
d) Extrapyramidal
37.The term which is referred to the drug that is long acting and given for the
period of one to four weeks is_________________
a) Depot
b) Sedative

[7]
c) Potency
d) Efficacy
38.Which one of the following is a long acting typical antipsychotic drug?
a) Trifluoperazine
b) Fluphenazine
c) Chlorpromazine
d) Promethazine
39.Which one of the following is an example of Selective Serotonin Reuptake
Inhibitors (SSRI)?
a) Fluoxetine
b) Artane
c) Imipramine
d) Amitriptyline

40.Artane can be used to treat the following extrapyramidal side effects except?
__________
a) Dystonia
b) Parkinsonism
c) Tardive dyskinesia
d) Akathisia

41. Chlorpromazine is one of the antipsychotic drugs and it can be indicated in the
following conditions except?
a) seizure disorders
b) Violent patient
c) to control vomiting
d) Schizophrenia
42.Which one of the following drugs is not an example of typical antipsychotic
drug?
a) Chlorpromazine
b) fluphenazine
c) Haloperidol
d) Risperidone
[8]
43.The following statements are true about the antipsychotic drugs except?

a) New antipsychotics are easy to discontinue than old antipsychotics

b) The efficacy of new antipsychotics is much more than that of old
antipsychotics
c) Old antipsychotics when treating schizophrenia target positive symptoms
( hallucinations, delusion and thought disorders)
d) Typical antipsychotics where developed to reduce the extrapyramidal side
effects

44.The following are psychiatric conditions are associated with substance misuse
except?
a) Withdraw fits
b) Alcoholic hallucinosis
c) Sexual disorders
d) Accidents and trauma

45.The following conditions can be associated to Korsakof’s syndrome except?

a) HIV/AIDS
b) Chronic infection
c) Alcoholism
d) Anxiety disorder

46.The following are part of the person’s cognitive state except?

a) Attention
b) Memory
c) Concentration
d) Speech

47.The following are examples of eating disorders except?

a) Bulimia nervosa
b) Anorexia nervosa

[9]
c) Binge
d) Kleptomania

48.The loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical function

or structure is known as_______________
a) An impairment
b) Disability
c) Handicap
d) Lame

49.____________are used for the treatment of major depressive disorder,

anxiety disorders, eating disorders and sleep disorders.
a) Mood stablizers
b)Antidepressants
c) Antipsychotics
d) Anticholinergic
50._________________ is a disorder caused by the deficiency in thiamine in the
brain
a) Peragra
b) Wernicke’s encephalopathy
c) Hallucinosis
d) Dementia

[10]
 SECTION A (ANSWERS )
1.D 21.A 41.A

2.B 22.B 42.D

3.B 23.A 43.D

4.A 24. B 44.D

5.D 25.A 45.D

6.C 26.D 46.D

7.C 27. A 47.D

8. A 28.D 48.A

9.A 29.D 49.A

1O.B 30.D 50. B

11.D 31.D

12.C 32.D

13.A 33.D

14.C 34.D

15.D 35.D

16.A 36.D

17.C 37.A

18.A 38. B

[11]
19.D 39.A

20.B 40.C

CROSSMATCHING
Match the following condition in Column I with their definition in Column II.
Responses in Column II should be used once only.

51.Schizo Affective Disorder ………b……….. A. This disorder involves non bizarre

Delusions of at least one month duration

52.Brief Psychotic Disorder……e…… …. . B. Is a disorder that includes a mixture

of Schizophrenic and affective symptoms

53.Induced Psychosis …………d……………… C. The disorder is due to severe thiamine

difficiency .

54.Delusional Disorder…………a……………… D. Psychosis may be induced by

substance or caused by the physiological
consequences of a general medical
condition.

55.Korsakoff’s psychosis………c………….. E. This is a disorder in which there is a

Sudden onset of psychotic symptoms.

[12]
Match the following types of schizophrenia in Column I with their clinical picture
in Column II. Responses in Column II should be used once only.

56.Paranoid schizophrenia………c…………. A. The clinical picture is dominated by

the

presence of behavior, such as; stupor.

57.Catatonic schizophrenia ………a……… B. The clinical picture is dominated by

negative symptoms, such speech, lack of drive.

58. Residual or Chronic schizophrenia…b….C. The clinical picture is dominated by

the symptoms, such as; Delusion of

Persecution.

59. Hebephrenic schizophrenia…e ……….. D. Type of schizophrenia with onset of

negative symptoms without positive symptoms.

60. Simple schizophrenia……………b…… E. This form of schizophrenia the patient

normally exhibiting mannerism. Rambling and

incoherent speech.

[13]
Match the following neurotransmitters in Column I with their influence to
mental health in Column II. Responses in Column II should be used once only.

61. Dopamine……………………………….A. Involved several anxiety disorders.

62. Norepinephrine……………….…B. Involved in schizophrenia and other psychoses.

63. Serotonin………………………………..C. It has been found to affect the sleep-wake

cycle and to signal muscles to become active.

64. Histamine ………………………………D. It is involved in the control of food intake,

sleep and wakefulness, temperature regulation,

pain control.

65. Acetylcholine ……………………… …E. It is involved in peripheral allergic

responses, Controls alertness, gastric secretions.

[14]
Match the following group of drugs in Column I with their mechanism of actions
in Column II. Responses in Column II should be used once only.

66. Antipsychotic drugs…………………………………………A. have the ability to reduce

mood swings that occur in

Bipolar clients.

67.Anti depressant drugs…………………………………….B. induces sleep when given at

night and hypnotics sedate when

given during the day.

68.Mood stabilizers……………………………………………C. Involves the inhibition of the

reuptake of the monoamine

noradrenaline and serotonine (5-

HT)

69. Anticholinergic……………………………………………..D. Act by causing post-synaptic

blockade of dopamine D 2

receptors in the central nervous

system.

70. Anxiolytics and Hypnotic……………………………………..E. Action of these drugs

include the relaxation of smooth

[15]
 muscles, decrease the secretion of

saliva,sweat,digestive juices and

dilation of the pupil of an eye.

ANSWERS FOR CROSS MATCHING

51 .B 70. B

52 .E

53 .D

54 .A

55 .C

56 .C

57 .A

58 .D

59 .E

60 .B

61 .B

62 .A

63 .D

64 .E

65 .C

66 . D

[16]
67 . C

68 . A

69 . E

SECTION C
Complete the following sentences using one or two words only

71--------------------an act deliberately taken by a patient who mimics the act of

suicide.

72-------------------------------- Inability to experience pleasure or joy

73 ------------------------------------------------------ lack of motivation

74--------------------------------------------loss of emotion and the ability to feel pleasure

75-------------------------------------------the inability to recall the past experiences.

76-----------------------Gaps in memory are unconsciously filled with false memories.

77------------------------------------- A global organic impairement of intellectual

functioning without the impairement of consciousness.

78------------------------------- Anxiety caused by a recognized real danger.

79------------------------------A state of wandering from usual surroundings and loss of

memory.

80--------------------------------- those psychological and emotional process, expressed

both internally and externally, that accompany bereavement.

81-----------------------------------A false sensory perception in the absence of a real

external stimulus.

82------------------------------------A false perception of a real external stimulus.

83------------------------------------- total loss of speech.

[17]
84------------------------- unlawfully and maliciously destroying or damaging property
by setting fire.

85--------------------------- A law breaking behaviour commited by 10-21 years old.

86.______________ are group of drugs are used in the management of alcohol

withdrawal symptoms.

87._______________ word used to describe mental health problems that stop

the person from thinking clearly, telling the difference between the reality and
their imagination and acting in a normal way.

88.-------------------------------- The belief that thoughts of others are being inserted

into one’s mind.

89.-------------------------------- The speech consists of a stream of accelerated

thoughts, with abrupt changes from topic to topic and no central direction.

90.--------------------------- Seeing a person, object or animal that does not exist

in the environment.

91. ___________________ Smelling odors that are not present in the

environment.

92._____________________ Refer to the patient who is mute and immobile but

fully conscious because of the eyes which are open and may follow objects.

93.______________________ The process of safely withdrawing from a

substance.

94. _______________________ It is a condition that occurs within four days of

stopping drinking.

95.____________________ is diagnosed when a person’s mood fluctuates to

extremes of mania and /or depression.

96.____________________ the brain’s ability to process, retain, and use

information.

[18]
97._______________________ A personality disorder of emotionally unstable
characterized by instability of self image, interpersonal relationship and mood.

98._____________________the personality disorder characterized by

perfectionism and inflexibility.

99.____________________ an pleasant sensory and emotional experience

associated with actual or potential tissue damage.

100._____________________fear of being far from home, family and friends.

[19]
 ANSWERS TO SECTION C
71. Parasuicide

72. Anhedonia

73. Avolition

74. Apathy

75. Amnisia

76. Confubulation

77 .Dementia

78. Fear

79. fugue

80. Grief

81. Perception

82. Illusion

83. Mutism

84. Arson

85. Juvenile delinquency

86. Benzodiazapines

87. Psychosis

88. Thought insertion

89. Preasure of speech

90. Visual hallucination

[20]
91. Alfactory hallucination

92. Stupor

93. Ditoxification

94. Delirium tremens

95. Bipolar disorder

96. Cognition

97. Borderline type

98. Anankastic / obsessive- compulsive

99. Pain

100. Agora phobia

[21]
 SECTION D (ESSAYS)
1. In the field of psychiatry, mental disorders are divided into two major
categories: psychotic and neurotic disorders.
a) Define Psychosis and neurosis ( 10)
b) State five differences between psychosis and neurosis (15)
c) Describe five psychotic disorders (20)
d) Discuss any two psychotic symptoms (55)

2. Mr Likota Sikwibele, a male adult aged 28, was admitted to male psychiatric
unit with the history of; not sleeping at night, not eating, loss of weight,
forgeting people’s names and things, failing to walk normally and talking things
that does not make sense. The relative reported that two weeks had past from
the time when this problem started. Mr Likota drinks beer too much but from
the time when this problem started he had not taken any alcohol.
a) What condition is Mr Likota likely to suffer from?
b) List any five conditions that are likely to contribute to the cause of the above
diagnosis (10)
c) Discuss the immediate nursing intervention for Mr Likota during the
admission? (35)
d) Write the medical management of Mr Likota during hospitalization (50)

3. Mr Steve Mbiko, a male adult, aged 35 is a known patient to psychiatry unit.

He has been readmitted with the history of; being talkative, wandering about,
not sleeping at night and had no time to eat food. After three days of
hospitalization Mr Steve became hypoactive,with low mood and sleeping most
of the times.
a) What correct diagnosis are you likely to give to Mr Mbiko’s condition? (5)
b) Discuss any two medication will the clinician recommend to give Mr Mbiko
under the following headings: - group, - indications, -Dose, - Mode of action,
-Side effects
c) Write down the medical management of Mr Mbiko during hospitalization (55)
[22]
 ESSAY ANSWERS
ANSWERS TO QUESTION ONE
a) i) Psychosis is a disorder in which a patient does not have the insight
or patient is not able to differentiate his personal experiences and
the reality because of the illness.

ii) Neurosis is a disorder in which a patient has insight into the illness
or patient is able to differentiate between his personal experiences and
the reality.

b) Psychosis Neurosis
1. Insight is absent in illness - insight is maintained in illness

2. Symptoms demonstrate false belief - symptoms are reality based

3. Symptoms that occur are not readily - Symptoms that occur are
understandable understandable and it is

possible to emphasise on them

4. Psychoses are severe disorders and - Neuroses are less severe

requires medical treatment to disorders and some symptoms
control them can disappear without medical

treatment .

5. Psychoses are major psychiatric - Most individual persons

conditions most patient who have with neurotic symptoms
psychosis are refered to as ‘mad’ are regarded as normal

[23]
c. i. Schizo Affective Disorder

Is a disorder that includes a mixture of schizophrenic and affective

symptoms (i.e. there is alteration in the mood as well as disturbances in
thoughts).the symptoms must not be due to any substance use or
general medical condition.

ii. Brief Psychotic Disorder

This is a disorder in which there is a sudden onset of psychotic

symptoms (delusion, hallucinations, and disorganized speech) or
catatonic behaviour. Brief psychotic disorders often follow extremely
stressful life events.

iii. Delusional Disorder

This disorder involves non bizarre delusions (situations that occur in

real life such as being followed, infected or deceived by the spouse) of
at least one month duration. The person’s ability to function is not
markedly impaired. Common types of delusions seen in this disorder
are delusions of grandeur, persecution, jealousy, somatic.

iv. Induced Psychosis

Psychosis may be induced by substances (drugs of abuse, alcohol or

medicines) or caused by the physiological consequences of a general
medical condition. Substances of abuse and medical conditions must
always be ruled out before the primary diagnosis of schizophrenia or
other psychotic disorder can be made.

[24]
D.

1. HALLUCINATION; can be defined as sensory perceptions for which no

external stimulus exists.

Types

Auditory

Hearing the voices or sounds that do not exists in the environment but
are projections of inner thoughts or feeding e.g. Anna ‘‘hears’’ the voice
of her dead mother call her a whole and a tramp.

Visual

Seeing a person, object or animal that does not exist in the

environment e.g. Charles who is experience alcohol withdrawal
delirium, ‘’sees’’ hungry rats coming toward him.

Olfactory

Smelling odors that are not present in the environment e.g. Theresa
‘‘smell’’ her inside rotting.

Gustatory

Tasting sensations that have no stimulus in reality, e.g Sam will not eat
this food because he ‘‘tastes” the poison the FBI is putting in his food.

Tactile

Feeling strange sensation where no external objects stimulates such

feelings. It is common in delirium tremens. Example; jack, a paranoid
schizophrenic ‘‘feels’’ electrical impulses controlling his mind.
[25]
2. DELUSION; A false belief held and maintained as true, even with evidence to
the contrary. This includes unusual beliefs maintained by one’s culture or
education.
Types

Ideas of reference
Misconstruing, trivial events and remarks and giving them personal significance.

Percecution
The false belief that someone is being led out for harm by others.

Grandeur
The false belief that one is very powerful and important person.

Somatic
The false belief that the body is changing in unusual way e.g. rotting inside.

Jelousy
The false belief that one’s mate is unfaithful.

Nihilistic delusion

The delusional belief that others, oneself, or the world do not exist or are about
to cease to exist.

Thought broadcasting

The belief that one’s thoughts can be heard by others (e.g. ‘‘my brain is
connected to the world mind I can control all the head of state through my
thoughts’’)

Thought insertion

The belief that thoughts of others are being inserted into one’s mind (e.g. ‘‘they
make me think bad thoughts’’)

Thought withdraw

[26]
The belief that thoughts have been removed from one’s mind by an outside
agency (e.g. the devil takes my thoughts away and leaves me empty’’)

Delusion of being controlled

The belief that one’s mind or body is controlled by outside agency (e.g. there is a
man from darkness who controls my thoughts electrical waves”)

3. Disorders of speech

The form of speech is the way in which the patient speaks. If the disorder in the
form of speech is found, it is useful to record the sample of the patient’s speech.
Examples;

Flight of Ideas

The speech consists of a stream of accelerated thoughts, with abrupt changes

from topic to topic and no central direction.

Circumstatiality

Slow thinking incorporating unnecessary trivial details. The goal of the thought is
finally, but slows, reached.

Thought blocking

There is a sudden interruption in the train of thought, before it is completed,

leaving a ‘blank’. After a period of silence, a patient cannot recall what had been
saying or had been thinking of saying.

Neologisms

Neologisms are words a person makes up that have special meaning for the
person (e.g. I want all the vetch kisses to leave the room and leave me be’’)

Echolalia

[27]
Echolalia is the pathological repeating of another’s word by imitation and is often
seen in people with catatonia. Nurse; Mary, come for your medication Mary;
Mary, come for your medication

Clang association

Clang of association is the meaningless rhyming of words, often in a forceful

manner.e.g. ‘’ on the track………have a big Mac…….or get the sack’’

Word salad

Word salad is a term used to identify a mixture of phrases that is meaningless to

the listener and perhaps to the speaker as well.For example; ‘‘birds and fishes……
frame woes….. Mud and stars and thamp bump-going’’

Pressure of speech

Increased quantity and rate of speech, which is difficult to interrupt. Seen for
example in mania; where it is difficult to interrupt.

Poverty of speech

There is restricted amount of speech and any replies to questions may be

monosyllabic.

Mutism

The complete loss of speech.

Stammering

The flow of speech is broken by pauses and the repetition parts of words.

Dysarthria

Difficult in the articulation of speech.

[28]
 ANSWERS TO QUESTION TWO

a. WERNICKE’S ENCEPHALOPATHY / KORSAKOFF’S PSYCHOSIS /

INDUCED AMNESIA SYNDROME
b. - Alcohol misuse
-Poor nutrition
-Chronic infection
- HIV/AIDS
-Brain damage

c. Immediate interventions;

To serve patient’s life or prevent hypoglycemia

i. Provide the good environment

- Give the patient a bed in a conducive environment

ii. Vital signs for baseline data

-Temperature

-Blood Pressure

-Respiration

iii. Blood Sugar test (RBS)

iv. Replacement of body fluids by intravenously line

- Dextrose 50 % or 10%

[29]
 - Normal saline

- B.complex administered parentally with dextrose

v. Give medication to reduce restlessness

- Benzo diazepam’s such as diazepam

D.

 Environment

-patient nursed in a well lit room,

-remove all hazards to prevent injuries

-Patient nursed in a clean and well ventilated room.

 Nutrition

- give the patient a lot of fluids to promote rehydration

- give foods rich in vitamins, proteins, carbohydrates

- encourage patient to follow good habits

 Hygiene

-encourage patient to bath

- ensure patient puts on clean clothes

-change bed linen

 Medication

-give prescribed medications i.e vitamin B complex to boost thiamine

levels in the body,

[30]
-diazepam to relieve restlessness.

 Vital signs

- check vital signs regularly to detect any deviation from the normal.

 Psychological care
- Reassure the patient and relatives about the condition to allay
anxiety.
 Rest
- ensure the ward is quiet to promote rest and
- Give prescribed medication such as diazepam to reduce
restlessness.
 I .E .C

-educate the patient coping up strategies,

- educate patient on causes and effects of the condition

Laboratory investigations

 Full blood count ( FBC)

 Rapid Plasma Reagent (RPR)
 HIV test

[31]
 ANSWERS TO QUESTION THREE

a . Bipolar disorder

b.

i. On admission any Moodstablizer

 carbamazepine
 Sodium Valproate

ii. After the condition had changed give any antidepressant

 fluoxitine
 Amitriptyline
 Imipramine

c.
 Environment

-patient nursed in a well lit room,

-remove all hazards to prevent injuries

- nursed patient in a clean and well ventilated room.

 Nutrition

- encourage patient to take fluids to promote rehydration

- give foods rich in vitamins,proteins,carbohydrates

- encourage patient good eating habits

[32]
  Hygiene

-encourage patient to bath

- ensure patient puts on clean clothes

-change bed linen

 Medication

-give prescribed medications i.e moodstablizers to calm the patient

-antidepressant to stablise patient from depressed mood.

 Vital signs

- check vital signs regularly to detect any deviation from the normal.

 Psychological care
- reassure the patient and relatives about the condition to allay
anxiety
 Rest
- ensure the ward is quiet to promote rest and
- give prescribed medication such as diazepam to reduce
restlessness.
 I .E .C

-educate the patient on factors that contributes to the relapse,

- educate patient on causes and effects of the condition

-educate patient on the importance of taking medication

[33]
 Laboratory investigations

-Full blood count ( FBC)

-Rapid Plasma Reagent (RPR)

-HIV test

[34]