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Chess (Disambiguation)

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on an 8x8 checkered board. Each player begins with 16 pieces including one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. Chess originated in India and reached Europe by the 9th century. Major governing bodies like FIDE regulate international competitions and titles. The first computer to defeat a world champion was Deep Blue against Garry Kasparov in 1997.

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78 views

Chess (Disambiguation)

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on an 8x8 checkered board. Each player begins with 16 pieces including one king, one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an inescapable threat of capture. Chess originated in India and reached Europe by the 9th century. Major governing bodies like FIDE regulate international competitions and titles. The first computer to defeat a world champion was Deep Blue against Garry Kasparov in 1997.

Uploaded by

Damith Nishantha Karunarathna
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chess

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia


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This article is about the Western board game. For other chess games or other uses,
see Chess (disambiguation).

Chess

Part of a Staunton chess set

Left to right: white king, black rook, black queen, white pawn,

black knight, white bishop

Years active c. 6th-century to present

Genre(s) Board game

Abstract strategy game

Mind sport

Players 2

Playing time Casual games usually last 10 to 60 minutes;

tournament games last anywhere from about ten

minutes (fast chess) to six hours or more.

Random None

chance
Skill(s) Strategy, tactics

required

Chess is a two-player strategy board game played on a checkered board with


64 squares arranged in an 8×8 grid. Played by millions of people worldwide, chess is
believed to be derived from the Indian game chaturanga sometime before the
7th century. Chaturanga is also the likely ancestor of the Eastern strategy
games xiangqi (Chinese chess), janggi (Korean chess), and shogi (Japanese chess).
Chess reached Europe by the 9th century, due to the Umayyad conquest of Hispania.
The pieces assumed their current properties in Spain in the late 15th century, and the
modern rules were standardized in the 19th century.
Play involves no hidden information. Each player begins with 16 pieces: one king,
one queen, two rooks, two knights, two bishops, and eight pawns. Each piece
type moves differently, with the most powerful being the queen and the least powerful
the pawn. The objective is to checkmate the opponent's king by placing it under an
inescapable threat of capture. To this end, a player's pieces are used to attack and
capture the opponent's pieces, while supporting one another. During the game, play
typically involves exchanging pieces for the opponent's similar pieces, and finding and
engineering opportunities to trade advantageously or to get a better position. In addition
to checkmate, a player wins the game if the opponent resigns, or, in a timed game, runs
out of time. There are also several ways that a game can end in a draw.
The first generally recognized World Chess Champion, Wilhelm Steinitz, claimed his
title in 1886. Since 1948, the World Championship has been regulated by
the Fédération Internationale des Échecs (FIDE), the game's international governing
body. FIDE also awards life-time master titles to skilled players, the highest of which
is Grandmaster (GM). Many national chess organizations have a title system of their
own. FIDE also organizes the Women's World Championship, the World Junior
Championship, the World Senior Championship, the Blitz and Rapid World
Championships, and the Chess Olympiad, a popular competition among international
teams. FIDE is a member of the International Olympic Committee, which can be
considered recognition of chess as a sport.[1] Several national sporting bodies (e.g. the
Spanish Consejo Superior de Deportes[2]) also recognize chess as a sport. Chess was
included in the 2006 and 2010 Asian Games. There is also a Correspondence Chess
World Championship and a World Computer Chess Championship. Online chess has
opened amateur and professional competition to a wide and varied group of players.
Since the second half of the 20th century, chess engines have been programmed to
play with increasing success, to the point where the strongest programs play at a higher
level than the best human players. Since the 1990s, computer analysis has contributed
significantly to chess theory, particularly in the endgame. The IBM computer Deep
Blue was the first machine to overcome a reigning World Chess Champion in a match
when it defeated Garry Kasparov in 1997. The rise of strong chess engines runnable on
hand-held devices has led to increasing concern about cheating during tournaments.
There are many variants of chess that utilize different rules, pieces, or boards. One of
these, Fischer Random Chess, has gained widespread popularity and official FIDE
recognition.

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