International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882

227
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

Design and Analysis of an Excavator Bucket

1
Manisha P. Tupkar, 2Prof. S. R. Zaveri
1
M Tech (CAD/CAM), Department of Mechanical Engineering
2
Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering
1, 2
Rajiv Gandhi Collage of Engineering Research and Technology
Chandrapur (MS) INDIA

ABSTRACT
An excavator is a typical hydraulic heavy-duty human- II. CALCULATION OF DIGGING
operated machine used in general versatile construction FORCES
operations, such as digging, ground leveling, carrying
loads, dumping loads and straight traction. After doing Bucket penetration into a material is achieved by the
such operation, there is possibility of breaking of pin in bucket curling force (Fb) and arm crowd force (Fs). The
tooth adapter assembly as well as bending of tooth rating of these digging forces is set by SAE J1179
point. The objective of this paper is to design an standard “Hydraulic Excavator and Backhoe: Digging
excavator bucket by using CREO-parametric 2.0 Forces.”
software. Model is exported through IGES file format Bucket curling force (Fb) is the force generated at the
for meshing in analysis software Boundary conditions tip of teeth by the bucket cylinder and tangent to the
and the forces are applied at the tip of teeth of arc of radius
excavator bucket. Static analysis is done in ANSYS
13.0 analysis software. In this paper the stresses
developed at the tip of excavator bucket teeth are
calculated. Percentage error between stress Analytical
result and stress ANSYS result are calculated.

Keywords - Creo-parametric software, Digging Forces

and F.E.approach.

I. INTRODUCTION

An excavator is a piece of heavy equipment that is

commonly used in construction work, mining work and
work that requires lifting that can be too heavy for
humans. An excavator is a vehicle that is engineered
and consists of things that can be used such as a
backhoe and also has a cab that tends to be mounted to
the back pivot near the undercarriage. It also has tracks
and wheels that it is running on.
As the use of excavator in day to day life is increasing Fig1. Determination of Digging Forces
for many purposes but the applicable site is not
Arm crowd force (Fs) is the force generated at the tip of
inspected properly due urgency of work by the owner
teeth due to arm cylinder is the digging force generated
or the contractor due to which improper handling of it
by the arm cylinder and tangent to arc of radius .
leads to damage of the ground engaging tool i.e. bucket
teeth. The teeth of the excavator are main contacting
part of it which comes first in contact with the soil
while doing excavation at various sites. So in this case
sometimes the tooth point of the bucket gets damage The calculated breakout Force (Fb) =38690N and
calculated Arm Crowd force (Fs) =162478N.By using
due to some improper handling by the operator, which
CST method and Maximum Shear Stress Theory the
leads to the damage of tip of teeth. Here I calculate the
stresses at the tip of the teeth by analytically and Finite stress at the tip of the excavator Bucket teeth =96.39
analysis approach and then compare their results. MPA.

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 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882
228
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

III. GEOMETRIC MODELLING OF AN

EXCAVATOR BUCKET

The geometry of the excavator bucket has been

obtained by an extrusion in CREO PARAMETRIC
2.0.first generates an excavator bucket, teeth and rivet.
Then bucket, teeth and rivet are assembled together in
assembly tool of CREO PARAMETRIC 2.0. This model
Fig.6. Total Deformation Fig.7. Voin Mises Strain
is now ready to be imported for preprocessing.

Fig.2. Create Excavator Bucket Fig.3.Create a Teeth

Fig.8. Maximum Shear Stress Fig. 9. Shear Stress

V. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

From the above analytical as well as ANSYS software

analysis it has been found that the maximum stresses
Fig.4 Create bucket Rivet Fig.5 Assembly of Excavator are generating at the tooth point due to the regular and
Bucket
maximum contact with the soil. These stresses cannot
be avoided but can be properly regulated with proper
IV. FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF AN application of bucket for the excavation for various soil
EXCAVATOR BUCKET structures. Following fig’s shows the comparison
between analytical result and ANSYS result.
The model was developed in the CREO Percentage error between analytical result and ANSYS
PARAMETRIC 2.0 software. Finite element analyses result are calculated.
are used in design improvement and optimization
purposes for many machine parts. In this project, my Table 1: Comparison of Results
main emphasis is on the bucket tooth which comes first
in contact with soil for its contact deformation as well Sr. Analytical ANSYS %Error
Analysis
as the stress generation for doing various types of No. Result Result of Result
operations at various sites in India. To achieve this, 1. Max Shear 112.98
96.39 MPA
Stress MPA 14.69 %
excavator bucket teeth have been analyzed under Shear 167.42
2. 157.67 MPA
maximum loads and different boundary conditions. In Stress MPA 5.82 %
ANSYS stress at each and every elements are
determined. Click onMainMenu>Project>Model>Static
Structural>Solution. ANSYS displays the model with a VI. CONCLUSION
color contours for stresses. Results of FEA as shown
below: In this paper, we design an Excavator bucket by using
Creo parametric software and analysis is done by
ANSYS 13.0 software. The stress at the Tip of teeth of
an Excavator bucket is calculated 96. 39 MPA and
stress due to shearing of rivet is calculated 157.67 MPA
by analytically. The stress at the tip of the teeth is
calculated 112.98 MPA and stress due to shearing of

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 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET), ISSN 2278 – 0882
229
Volume 4, Issue 3, March 2015

rivet 167.42 is calculated. Percentage error between

analytical result and Ansys result are 14.69 % and 5.82
%. As per the above analysis, it is suggested that the
bucket used for the excavation purpose should be
properly checked for its application on the basis of the
soil strata. And considering the failure of the tooth and
rivet due the impact loading, it is very much
economical to change the rivet rather than changing the
whole tooth assembly.

REFERENCES

[1] Bhaveshkumar P. Patel and Dr. J.M.Prajapati,”A

Review On Kinematics Of Hydraulic Excavator’s
Backhoe Attachment”,International Journal of Engg.
Science and Technology (IJEST) Vol.No.3.Issue
No.3.March 2011.
.
[2] Ahmet Erklig and Eyup Yeter,”The Improvements
of The Backhoe-Loader Arms”,Model Simulation of
Material Science, Issue No 3,January 2013,Page No.
142-148.

[3]Rahul Mishra and Vaibhav Dewangan,

“OPTIMIZATION OF COMPONENT OF
EXCAVATOR BUCKET” International Journal of
Scientific Research Engineering and Technology
(IJSRET), Vol. no.2,Issue No.2,Page No. 076-078.

[4] Gottvald, J “EXPERIMENTAL AND

PROBABILISTIC ANALYSIS OF OPERATIONAL
RELIABILITY OF THE BUCKET WHEEL
EXCAVATOR SCHRS 1320/4x30” Ph.D. thesis, Brno
University of Technology, Brno,p. 205, 2011, (in
Czech).

[5] Yuki Sakaida and Daisuke Chugo “THE

ANALYSIS OF EXCAVATOR OPERATION BY
SKILLFULL OPERATOR” The University of Tokyo,
JAPAN, ISARC 2006, page no 543-547.

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