Eutropius’ Hannibal

Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and

Commentary

Beta Edition 2019

Geoffrey Steadman
Eutropius’ Hannibal
Latin Text with Facing Vocabulary and Commentary

Beta Edition

© 2019 by Geoffrey D. Steadman

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The Latin text comes from Book III of Eutropius’ Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita,
originally edited by F. Ruehl (Teubner, 1887).

ISBN-13: 978-0-9991884-1-5

Published by Geoffrey Steadman

Cover Design: David Steadman

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 iii

Running Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal

The following list includes all words i that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words in a
running vocabulary list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs in the
commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be
reviewed before using the commentary. An alphabetized list is included in the glossary.

Page 1 Page 2
ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33 ad: to, toward; near, 23
annus, -ī m.: year, 12 apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12 castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18 cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16
Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11 eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6
Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4 et: and, also, even, 38
cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10 ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7
contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11 Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9
Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4 Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14
cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25 maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4
dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6 multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8 prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4
etiam: also, even, besides, 11 proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7
exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8 pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9 quoque: also, 4
Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48 suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5
Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9 veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11
hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9 elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2
Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15 septem: seven, 1
in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38
Page 3
intereā: meanwhile, 7
is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33 accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7
lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6 Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8
mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23 faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14 habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4
P.: Publius, 7 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5
per: through, over, across, 7 mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5
que: and, as well, 7 nōbilis, -e: noble, 5
quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35 occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26 pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6
Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28 quam: than, 4
sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9 quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5
Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5 tamen: nevertheless, however, 6
sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4
ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9 vir, virī m.: man, 4
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11 Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3
Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2 ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1
amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1 appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2
nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2 dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2
pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3 malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2
populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2 nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3
Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3 numquam: never, 1
tum: then, at that time, 3 Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3
iv

senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2 recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4
servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2
Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1
Page 7
trēs, tria: three, 3
vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1 argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6
Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1
Page 4
duo, duae, duo: two, 2
captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5 fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1
homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4 glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3
interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5 octō: eight, 1
omnis, -e: every, all, 9
Page 8
post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6
pugnō (1): to fight, 6 alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2
Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3 animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’
Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3 pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1
possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3
Page 9
quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3
senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3 pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5
tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3 Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1
ubi: where, when, 2 Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1
Page 5 Page 10
condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4 Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4
iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6 audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1
Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6 Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1
Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5 vīgintī: twenty, 3
quattuor: four, 4
Page 11
rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4
rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5 centum: hundred, 1
Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12 nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1
Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4 quīnque: five, 1
tempus, -poris n.: time, 4 sed: but, moreover, however, 1
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1
occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1
Page 12
sub: under, beneath (abl), 1
ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2 Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3 ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1
Page 6
Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1
coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1
decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1
ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 1

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum 1

est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum,
Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est,
annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium.
Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is 5
lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut
mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī
gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī
intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs
adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est. 10
VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam
profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum
Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā
frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte
inviās, sibi patefēcit. 15

abstineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1 nōlō, nōlle, nōluī: not…wish, be unwilling, 1
adficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: afflict, 1 oppugnō (1): capture, by assault, attack, 1
adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2 patefaciō, -ere, -fēcī,: open, disclose, 1
adhūc: still, 1 poena, -ae, f.: punishment, 1
admittō, -ere, -mīsī: allow, permit send, 1 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2 Pȳrēnaeus, -ī m.: Pyrenee mountains, 1
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live do, lead, 3 relinquō, -ere, -uī, -lictum: leave behind, 1
congregō (1): gather together, assemble, 1 respōnsum, -ī n.: answer, reply, 1
dēnūntiō (1): give notice, warn threaten, 1 Saguntīnī, -ōrum, m.: Saguntinians (people), 1
dūrus, -a, -um: hard, harsh, 1 Saguntum, -ī n.: Saguntum (town), 1
famēs, -is f.: hunger, 1 secundus, -a, -um: second following (acc.), 3
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3 Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 socius, -ī m.: ally, companion, comrade, 1
indīcō, -ere, -dīxī: inform, declare, appoint, 2 Ti.: Tiberius, 1
īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2 trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3
invius, -a, -um: impassable, 1 ultimus, -a, -um: farthest, last, 1
mandō (1): entrust, give, commit (dat), 1 vīcēsimus, -a, -um: twentieth, 1

1 eōdem annō: in…; abl. time when 7 nē…gereret: that…not…; neg. Ind. command,
inlātum est: pf. pass. īnferō subject of mandārētur
3 Rōmānīs: dat. of special adj. 9 ultimīs poenīs: abl. means
4 annum…vīcēsimum: for…; acc. of duration 10 Carthāginiēnsibus: on…; dat. compound verb
agēns: living; pres. pple 11 profectus est: pf. dep; translate as active
copiīs congregātīs: abl. abs. (et) Ti. Semprōnius (profectus est) in
cl mīlium: of…; gen. of measure Siciliam: asyndeton and ellipsis; add verb
5 Huic: dat. ind. obj. hic [Bellum…est.]: the editor recommends that
ut…abstinēret: ind. command, impf. subj. readers omit this text: likely copied from above
bellō: from…; abl. separation 13 relictō…Hasdrubale: abl. abs.
6 Carthāginem: acc. place to which 14 (in) eā parte: (in) this…; place where
ut mandārētur: so that…; purpose, impf. subj. 15 sibi: for…; dat. of interest, reflexive
2 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem 16

et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī
Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad
Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum
trāiēcit. 20
IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō
proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius
Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque
vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam
veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium 25
interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt.
Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius
Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox
inventā occāsiōne vīcit.

addūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductum: lead to, 1 impetus, -ūs m.: attack, onset, assault, 1
adventus, -ūs m.: arrival, approach, 1 inde: from there, then, afterward, 1
adversus, -a, -um: opposite; against (acc), 1 interimō, -ere, -ēmī, -emptum: take out, kill, 1
amnis, -is m.: river, stream, 1 inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2
Arīminum, -ī n.: Ariminum (town on Adriatic), 1 Līgurēs, -um m.: Ligures, Ligurians, 1
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesum: kill, slaughter, 1 mox: soon, 3
cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2 occāsiō, -iōnis f.: opportunity, chance, 1
cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2 occurrō, -ere: run into, attack (dat), 2
committō, -ere, -mīsī: commit, entrust, 1 pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2
cōnflīgō, -ere, -īxī, -īctum: dash together, 1 posteā: after this, afterwards, 2
coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2 Q.: Quintus, 3
dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2 Semprōnius, -iī m.: Sempronius, 3
diffugiō, -ere, -fūgī: flee apart, escape, 1 trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2
Flāminius, -ī m.: Flaminius, 2 trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectum: pierce, 1
frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2 Trebia, -ae f.: Trebia (river in NW Italy), 1
fugō (1): put to flight, 2 Tuscia, -ae f.: Tuscany (Etruscan region), 1
Gallus, -a, -um: Gallic, Gaul, 1 vulnerō (1): wound, 1
Gracchus, -ī m.: Gracchus, 2

16 trāditur: it is… 23 ipse: (Hannibal) himself; 3p with 3s verb

ad Ītāliam…addūxisse: that (Hannibal)…; Is: he…; i.e. Sempronius Gracchus
ind. disc. with pf. inf.; add sacc. subject Hannibalī: dat. ind. obj.
mīlia: neut. pl. acc. subject, mīlle 25 veniēns: pres. pple
18 Hannibalī: with…; abl. compound verb 27 Missus (est)
cognitō…adventū: abl. abs. 28 Is eum: he…; Fabius and Hannibal
19 Arīminum: acc. place to which; NE Italy respectively
21 prīmus: i.e. was the first person to… differendō pugnam: by…; gerund (-ing) and
commissō proeliō: abl. abs. abl. of means
22 fugātīs suīs (vīrīs): his own…; abl. abs. (et) mox…vīcit: pf. vincō
ipse: (Scipio) himself…; nom. intensive inventā occāsiōne: abl. abs.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 3

X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. 1

Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur
Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut
Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent,
quam proelium differendō. 5
Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō
cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur,
in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale
vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē
exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō 10
Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius
Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx,
nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī.
In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre
dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs 15
factī sunt.

abeō, -īre, -iī, -itus: go away, depart, 1 inpatientia, -ae f.: impatience, 1
aliter: otherwise, in another way, 1 L.: Lucius, 3
alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2 manūmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum: manumit, 1
ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3 mentiō, mentiōnis f.: mention, 1
Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2 moneō, -ēre, -uī, monitum: warn, 1
aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3 nēmō: no one, 1
callidus, -a, -um: clever, skilful, adroit, 1 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2
Cannae, -ārum, f.: Cannae, 1 pereō, -īre, periī: pass away, perish, 3
condō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: found, establish, 1 praetōrius, -iī m.: praetorian (of that rank), 1
cōnsulāris, -is m.: consular, 1 quadrāgēsimus, -a, -um: fortieth, 1
contrādīcō, -ere, -dīxī, -dictum: oppose, 1 quīngentēsimus, -a, -um: five hundredth, 1
differō, -ferre,: delay, put off; differ, 2 sauciō (1): wound, 1
dignor, -ārī, dignātum: deem, think worthy, 1 succēdō, -ere, -cessī: come up to (dat), 1
enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2 Varrō, Varrōnis m.: Varro, 2
gravis, -e: heavy, serious, important, 1 vīcus, -ī m.: village, town, 1
inpatiēns, inpatientis: impatient, unfeeling, 1

1 Quīngentēsimō…annō: in…; abl. time when inpatiēntiā: because of…; abl. cause
ā condīta urbe: from the founding of the city; contrādīcente alterō cōnsule: abl. abs.
lit. ‘from the city having been founded’ the PPP 10 nūllō proeliō: in…; abl. time when
is often translated as an abstract noun Pūnicō bellō: in…; abl. time when
3 abiēns: nom. pres. pple. abeō 11 gravius: comparative adv.
ut…vincerent: that…; ind. command with In eō (proeliō): in this (battle)
impf. subj. 12 captī (sunt) aut occīsī (sunt)
4 aliter…quam: otherwise than…; adv. aliter mīlitum, equitum: partitive gen. pl.
and a clause of comparison 14 in quibus malīs: in these; a connective
5 differendō: by…; gerund (-ing) + abl. of means relative (translate as demon.)
Vērum: but; adverbial acc. often adversative 15 manūmissī (sunt)
6 Cum…esset: when there…; impf. subj. sum mīlitēs: nom. pred. following factī sunt
4 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs 17

pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs
obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs
cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. 20
Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs
ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum
Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā,
ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū,
ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs 25
ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs
capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā
Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia
equitum, xx elephantī.
XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. 30
Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae,
contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.

ānulus, -ī m.: ring, 1 pāreō, -ēre, -uī: obey (dat), 1

armō (1): arm, equip, 1 pedes, peditis m.: foot soldier; infantry, 2
aureus, -a, -um: gold, golden, 1 perdō, -ere, perdidī: lose, ruin, destroy, 1
bene: well, 2 posteā: after this, afterwards, 2
Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2 postquam: after, when; after that, 3
cīvis, -is m/f: citizen, fellow citizen, 1 redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptum: take back, 1
dētrahō, -ere, -trāxī: draw off, pull away, 1 remaneō, -ēre, -mansī: remain, 1
duo, duae, duo: two, 2 reparō (1): prepare (again), repair, 1
ille, illa, illud: that, those; he, she, it, 1 respondeō, -ēre, -dī, -sum: answer, reply, 1
M.: Marcus, 3 subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2
manus, -ūs f.: hand; band, group, 1 supplicium, -iī n.: punishment, 1
modius, -ī m.: peck, basket (unit, ~2 gallons), 1 trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: carry across, 1
necessārius, -ī m.: relation, relative, 1 varius, -a, -um: various, 1
Nōla, -ae f.: Nola, 1 vīs, vīs, f.: force, power; vīrēs, strength, 1
offerō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātum: offer, present, 1

18 Rōmānīs: dat. inf. obj. 22 Carthāginem: acc. place to which

ut…redimerent: that…; ind. command with 25 ut…subigeret: so that…might…; purpose
impf. subj. with impf. subj.
19 respōnsum est: it was…; impersonal pf. pass. tōtam: entirely
eōs…esse necessāriōs: that those…; ind. disc., Āfrīs: under…; dat. of compound verb
logical subject of respōnsum est 26 (Hasdrubal) vincitur
quī…cāpī potuissent: who had…; relative (et) occīduntur
clause of characteristic modifying eōs cīvēs; 27 eī: to him; dat. of interest, is
with plpf. subj. possum + pass. inf. capiō 28 ad reparandās vīrēs: for…; gerundive +
20 cum armātī essent: although…; concessive noun:perform a gerund-gerundive flip and
cum clause with plpf. pass. subj. translate as gerund (-ing) + obj.
21 Ille: i.e. Hannibal 30 Annō quārtō: abl. time when
variīs suppliciīs: abl. means
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 5

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam, 1

Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus
ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc
condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab
Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē 5
cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre
iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem.
Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat.
XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā
Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in 10
Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum
Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad
Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō]
duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs
Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam 15
reportāvit.

alter, -era, -erum: other (of 2), one, 2 M.: Marcus, 3

Āpūlia, -ae f.: Apulia, 2 Mānlius, -ī m.: Manlius, 3
auxilium, -ī n.: help, aid; pl. auxiliary troops, 2 nam: for, 2
Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2 prōcōnsul, -is m.: proconsul, 2
Calabria, -ae f.: Calabria, 1 prōmittō, -ere, -mīsī: send forth; promise, 1
cognōscō, -ere, -nōvī, -nitum: recognize, know 2 reportō (1): carry back; report, 1
dēleō, -ēre, dēlēvī, dēlētum: destroy, 1 Sardī, -ōrum m.: Sardinians (people), 1
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 sollicitō (1): agitate, stir, worry, 1
duodecim: twelve, 1 subigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum: drive under, subdue, 2
eō, īre, iī: go, 2 T.: Titus, 3
Graecus, -a, -um: Greek, 1 Torquātus, -ī m.: Torquatus, 2
igitur: therefore, then, accordingly, 1 Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2
ita: so, thus, 3 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3 vīvus, -a, -um: living, alive, 1
locus -ī m. (pl. loca): place, region, situation 1

1 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative 9 ūnō tempore: in…; abl. time whens
(translate as demon.) and abl. time when (in) quattuor locīs
4 ut…acciperet: (namely) that…; ind. command pugnābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass.; often
with impf. subj. in apposition to condiciōne we translate this pass. in the active: ‘they…’
dēlētīs Rōmānīs: abl. abs. 10 eius: gen. sg. is
(Philippus) ipse: Philip himself Is: he; i.e. the other Hasdrubal
5 captīs…lēgātīs: abl. abs. 13 missus fuerat: plpf. pass.
rē cognitā: abl. abs. occīsa (sunt)…captī (sunt): main verbs
7 T. Mānlium Torquātum (īre): add inf. eō, 15 subācta (sunt): pf. pass.
8 ea: this one; i.e. Sardinia Rōmam: acc. place to which
sollicitāta: PPP
6 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in 17

Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter
Hannibalis.
XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P. 20
Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum
mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox
cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam
sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs,
quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus 25
tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī.
Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta
est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna;
praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2 mīliārium, -iī n.: mile-stone, 1
ambō, -ae, -ō: both, two together, 3 mox: soon, 3
Campānia, -ae f.: Campania, 2 perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus: carry, endure, 1
cāsus, -ūs m.: misfortune, chance, accident, 1 porta, -ae f.: gate, 1
Cn.: Gnaeus, 2 postquam: after, when; after that, 3
dēcipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: catch, deceive, 1 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3
enim: for, indeed, in truth, 2 Sulpicius, -iī m.: Sulpicius, 1
Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2 Syrācūsānus, -a, -um: Syracusan, of Syracuse, 1
integer, -gra, -grum: whole, intact, unharmed, 1 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2
magis: more, rather, 1 usque: up to, until; all the way, 2
Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2 victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
maneō, -ēre, mansī: stay, wait, wait for, 1 virtūs, -ūtis f.: valor, manhood, 1
metus, -ūs f.: dread, fear, 1

18 Hasdrubal et Māgō (vincuntur) 25 per: over…

20 Decimō annō: abl. time when 26 integer: nom. pred., take after pf. maneō
P. Sulpiciō (et) Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus: abl. cāsū…virtūte: by…by…; abl. means; the
abs. add pple ‘being’ virtūs refers to that of Hasdrubal’s army
23 usque ad: up to… erant…dēceptī: had been deceived; plpf. pass.
24 (et) equitēs (accessērunt) i.e. tricked or duped into losing
eius: gen. sg. is, i.e. Hannibal quam…: than…; clause of comparison
25 cōnsulum…venientium: of…; objective gen. 27 Quō tempore: at this…; connective relative
pl. pres. pple veniō; modifying metū (translate as demon.) and abl. time when
metū: because of…; abl. of cause nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna (capta est)
26 sē recēpit: sē recipere is a common idiom for Rōmam: translation; note
‘retreat’ 29 perlāta est: pf. pass. perferō
eius: see above
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Historia Romanae III 7

Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae 1

populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam
profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud
Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam
cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, 5
xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ;
ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn.
Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum
interfēcit.
XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus 10
Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis,
quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir
Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē
prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum,
argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque 15
obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant.

adgredior, -ī, -gressum: set out, attack, 2 Graecia, -ae f.: Greece, 1
aetās, aetātis f.: age, lifetime, generation, time, 2 Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2
Agrigentum, -ī n.: Agrigentum, 1 Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3
amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 ibīdem: in the same place, 2
apparātus, -ūs m.: equipment, provision, 1 ita: so, thus, 3
Attalus, -ī m.: Attalus, 1 nascor, nascī, nātum: be born, 1
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 nūllus, -a, -um: none, no, not any, 2
Cn.: Gnaeus, 2 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
dēditiō, -ōnis f.: surrrender, capitulation, 1 oppidum, -ī n.: town, 1
expugnō (1): capture by assault, 2 posterior, -ius: later, posterior, next, 1
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
frangō, -ere, frēgī, frāctum: break, 2 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2
Fulvius, -ī m.: Fulvius, 2 regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3 subitō: immediately, straightaway, 1

3 profectus: having set out; dep. PPP 12 nātus: dep. PPP; i.e. how old is Scipio
4 eum: i.e. Hannō vir…prīmus: i.e. a leader, in apposition to P.
Rōmam: acc. place to which Cornēlius Scīpiō
[Macedonia frācta]: omit 13 et…et…: both (in)…and (in)…; abl. time
7 ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, 3rd decl. when; suā, ‘his own,’ refers to Scipiō
i-stem abl. 14 Is: i.e. Scīpiō
regressus est: pf. dep.: translate as active Carthāginem Hispāniae: Carthage of
8 adgressus: dep. PPP: translate as ‘having Xed’ Hispania; i.e. Carthago Nova (modern
ad Hispāniās: i.e. two regions of Hispania: Cartagena, Spain), on the SE coast and named
Hispania Citerior, ‘Nearer Hispania,’ on the after the mother city Carthage in Libya
east coast and Hispania Ulterior, ‘Further 16 obsidēs: The Carthaginians had take hostages
Hispania’ on the southern coast from noble families to enforce civil obedience.
10 occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus: abl. abs.
annōs…quattuor et vīgintī: for…; duration
8 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem 17

Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium
fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs
ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae 20
Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam
maximam capit.
XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum
recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem
Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum 25
vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum
vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum,
quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō
dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et
per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. 30
In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus
cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.

agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3 nam: for, 2
Carthalō, -ōnis m.: Carthalo (person), 1 nūntius, -iī m.: messenger, message, 1
dedō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give up, devote, 2 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
dispertiō, -īre, -ivī: disperse, distribute, 1 parēns, -rentis m.: parent, ancestor, 1
ēgregius, -a, -um: excellent, outstanding, 1 praeda, -ae f.: plunder, loot, spoils, 3
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2
fiscus, -ī m.: public treasury, 1 Q.: Quintus, 3
fugō (1): put to flight, 2 quārē: for this reason; quā rē, why, 1
Hispānī, -ōrum m.: Spanish, 3 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2
ibi: there, in that place, 1 referō, -ferre, -tulī: report, bring back, 2
ibīdem: in the same place, 2 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtum: follow, ensue, 1 Tarentum, -ī n.: Tarentum, 1
L.: Lucius, 3 trānseō, -īre, -iī: cross, go over, 3
laetitia, -ae f.: happiness, joy, delight, 1 vēnditor, -ōris m.: vendor, seller, 1
Māgō, Māgōnis m.: Mago, 2 vēndō, -ere, vendidī: sell, 1

18 Rōmam: acc. place to which 25 mīlitibus: among…; dat. ind. obj.

Rōmae: at…; locative, place where retulit: pf. referō
nūntium: message; i.e. news 28 prius: comparative adv., prīmus
parentibus: dat. ind. obj. Fabiō Maximō: dat. ind. obj.
20 ūnō animō: with…; abl. manner, i.e. 29 Īnsequentī annō: in…; abl. time when with
unanimously or in agreement pres. pple
post quae: after these things; connective ēgit: did
relative (translate as a demonstrative) et…et…: both…and…
21 victum: PPP vincō 31 pugnātum est: they…; ‘it…’ impersonal pf.
fugat: pres. indicative; note the difference pass.: as often, translate active and add subject
between fugāre, ‘put to flight’ and fugere, ‘flee’
24 ducem Hannibalis: a general is Hannibal’s
army
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 9

XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus 1

fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō
proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō
obsidēs nōn poposcit.
XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius 5
posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum
omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam
Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō
Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās
incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae 10
captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī
Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī
coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī
ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum
ingentī glōriā vēnit. 15

accēdō, -ere, -cessī: come to, approach, 2 inclitus, -a, -um: famed, renowned, 1
amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 īnsidiae, -ārum f.: ambush, trap, 1
Ap.: Appius, 1 itaque: and so, 1
atque: and, and also, and even, 2 iter, itineris n.: way, route, path; journey, 1
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 M.: Marcus, 3
aut: or, aut...aut: either…or, 3 Nerō, Nerōnis m.: Nero, 1
conpōnō, -ere, -posuī: arrange; collect, 1 obsēs, obsidis m./f.: hostage, 3
dēspērō (1): despair, feel no hope, 1 Pīcēnum, -ī, n.: Picenum (region on Adriatic), 1
diffīdō, -ere, -fidī, -fīsum: distrust, have no poscō, -ere, poposcī: ask, demand, 1
confidence in (dat), 1 postquam: after, when; after that, 3
diū: for a long time; diūtius, longer, 1 proficīscor, -ī, profectum: set out, depart, 3
ēventus, -ūs m.: outcome, result, 1 referō, -ferre, -tulī: to report, bring back, 2
ēvocō (1): call out, challenge, 2 retineō, -ēre, -uī, -tentum: hold back, 1
gerō, -ere, gessī, gestus: carry (on), wage, 3 rūrsus: again, backward, back, 2
iam: now, already, soon, 1 Sēna, -ae f.: Sena (Etruscan town, now Siena), 1
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 strēnuus, -a, -um: active, energetic, strenous, 1
incidō, -ere, -cīdī: fall into, fall upon, 1 tertius, -a, -um: third, 2

1 Tertiō annō: abl. time when 7 Is: he; i.e. Hasdrubal

profectus fuerat: plpf. dep.: translate as active (in) eōdem itinere, (in) quo
2 rēs inclitās: famous deeds 8 ā cōnsulibus…Salīnātōre: by…; abl. agent
magnō proeliō: abl. means or time when modifying PPP comnpositās
3 victum: PPP vincō 9 Strēnuē: adv.
prīmus: i.e. was the first person to… 11 captae (sunt)
omnium: partitive gen. 12 Rōmam: acc. place to which
ā victō (populō): from…; PPP vincō haec: these things; neut. pl.
5 Dēspērāns: pres. pple dē bellī…ēventū
Hispāniās…posse retinērī: that…; ind. disc. 13 Rōmānīs: to…; dat. of compound verb
governed by dēspērans; pass. inf. retinēre et ipsī: they themselves also; et is an adv.
diūtius: comparative adv. diū ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner; i-stem
10 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

XIX.Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in 16

Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.
XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal
vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est 20
factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse
exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre
sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum,
pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum
quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs. 25
Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et
castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs
spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia
Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam
iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat. 30

adeō (ad eō): so, to this point, to such a degree, 1 Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2
agō, -ere, ēgī, āctum: spend, live; do, lead, 3 Numidia, -ae f.: Numidia, 1
bene: well, 2 posteāquam: after, 1
Brittī, -ōrum m.: Britti (people, toe of Italy), 2 pūtō (1): think, consider, 1
coniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctum: join together, 2 Q.: Quintus, 3
dēserō, -ere, -uī, -sertum: desert, 2 quīdam, quaedam, quoddam: certain, some, 2
dīvīnus, -a, -um: divine, 1 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
exīstimō (1): judge, consider, think, 1 secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3
ferē: almost, nearly; in general, 3 sermō, sermōnis m.: conversation, talk, 1
Hannō, -ōnis m.: Hanno, 2 spolium, -iī n.: spoils, booty, 1
īnfīnītus, -a, -um: infinite, unending, 1 Syphāx, Syphacis m.: Syphax, 2
insum, -esse, -fuī: be in, 1 trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditum: hand over, say, 2
invādō, -ere, -vāsī: rush upon, attack, 1 Valērius, -ī m.: Valerius, 2
L.: Lucius, 3 vastō (1): lay waste, 1
nūmen, -inis n.: divine power, approval, 1

16 Q. Caeciliiō…cōnsulibus: abl. abs., add ut putārētur: so that he…; i.e. Scipio; result
‘being’ clause with impf. pass. subj.
Rōmānīs: dat. ind. obj. 22 Is: i.e. Scipio
18 Annō quārtō decimō: abl. time when eius: gen. sg. is
19 multa: neut. acc. pl. substantive (add ‘things’) 23 Secundō proeliō: abl. time when
ēgerat: had done 24 xi mīlibus occīsīs: abl. abs.
est factus: pf. pass., cōnsul is nom. pred. 25 Āfrīs: with…; dat. of compound verb
20 missus (est) eius: gen. sg. is
Cuī virō…inesse: that in this man…; ind. disc. 27 Rōmam: acc. place to which
with a connective relative that is also a dative Quā rē audītā: this matter…; abl. abs. with a
of compound verb connective relative
21 exīstimābātur: it…; impersonal impf. pass. 28 (Hannibal) ipse: (Hannibal) himself
 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III 11

XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. 1

Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad
senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs
indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et
trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex 5
arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō
hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent,
ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās
redderent.
22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, 10
multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe
venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī.
Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit
etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem
condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus 15
pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam.

addō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: bring to, add, 1 līberō (1): free, release, 1
amplus, -a, -um: ample, full, spacious, 1 lībra, -ae f.: pound (12 oz.); balance/scales, 1
arbitrium, -iī n.: judgment, decision, 1 novus, -a, -um: new, strange, 1
colloquium, -ī n.: conversation, conference, 1 perfidia, -ae f.: treachery, 1
diēs, -ēī m./f.: day, time, season, 1 perfuga, -ae m.: fugitive, 1
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2 petō, -ere, -īvī, petītum: seek, head for; attack, 2
eō, īre, iī: go, 2 prior, prius: before, earlier (adv. prius), 2
fiō, fierī, factum: be made, become, 1 propter: on account of, because of, 1
frequēns, frequentis: crowded, 1 quadrāgintā: forty, 1
hostīlis, -e: hostile, of the enemy, 1 quousque: until what time, till when, how long, 1
īdem, eadem, idem: same, 3 reddō, -ere, -didī, -ditum: give back, render, 2
indūtiae, -ārum f.: a truce, 1 regredior, -ī, regressum: step back, 2
interim: meanwhile, in the meantime, 1 trīginta: thirty, 2
ita: so, thus, 3 turbō (1): throw in confusion, disturb, 1

1 annō septīmō decimō: abl. time when 10 Hannibale veniente: abl. abs.
ab eō: abl. agent, i.e. Scipio 11 Multa hostīlia: neut. nom. pl., add ‘things’
3 Rōmam: acc. place to which 12 venientēs: pres. pple
Quadrāgintā…diēbus hīs: abl. time when iubente Scīpiōne: abl. abs.
4 quousque…possent: until which time…; dīmissī (sunt)
subj. of anticipation; impf. subj. possum 14 ventum esset: they…; impersonal plpf. pass.,
Rōmam: acc. place to which translate as plpf active and add subject
regredī: dep. pres. inf. īsdem condiciōnibus: on..; abl. time when
5 pondō: in weight; abl. of respect 15 (pāx) data est
argentī: of…; gen. of material quibus prius (pāx data est): on which (peace
7 hīs condiciōnibus: on…; abl. of manner was given); ellipsis, relative and abl. manner
nē…habērent: that…not…; neg. ind. command additīs…centum mīlibus: 100 thousand
quam…nāvēs: than…; clause of comparison pounds…; abl. abs.; lībrārum is partitve gen.
8 ut…darent…redderent: that…; ind. command quīngentīs mīlibus…: to…; dat. of compound
12 Eutropius’ Hannibal: Breviarium Ab Urbe Condita III

Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque

Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge
Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī
bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs 20
captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum
exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent
Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent.
23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix
ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum 25
ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī
prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum
quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī
mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen
pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī 30
glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est.
Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum
decimum, quam coeperat.

amīcitia, -ae, f.: friendship; alliance, 3 Numida, -ae m.: a nomad; Numidian, 2
at: but; at least, 1 octōginta: eighty, 1
aurum, -ī n.: gold, 3 ostendō, -ere, ostendī: show, 1
certāmen, -minis n.: struggle, contest, 1 paene: almost, nearly, 1
cēterī, -ae, -a: the others, the rest, remaining, 2 perītus, -a, -um: experienced, skilled, 1
circumdūcō, -ere, -dūxī: lead around, 1 postrēmō,: at last, finally; abl. as adv., 1
cōpiōsus, -a, -um: abundant, well-supplied, 1 prandium, -iī n.: lunch, 1
deinde: then, thereupon, 1 quālis, -e: which (sort/kind), 1
dīmittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missus: dismiss, 2 recēdō, -ere, -cessī: go/draw back, withdraw 1
displiceō, -ere, -uī: displease, dissatisfy (dat), 1 redeō, -īre, -īvī: go/come back, return, 3
ēvādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsum: go, escape, 1 renūntiō, (1): bring back word, report, 1
explōrātor, -ōris m.: scout, spy, 1 secundus, -a, -um: second; following (acc.), 3
īnferō -ferre -tulī -lātus: bring in, wage, 2 supellectilis (supellex),-is f.: goods, furniture, 1
īnstruō, -ere, -xī, -ctum: set up, arrange, 1 triumphō (1): celebrate a triumph, 1
inveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum: find, 2 ūllus, -a, -um: any, 1
mox: soon, 3 uterque utra- utrum-: each (of 2), both, 1
nōnus, -a, -um: ninth, 1 vix: with difficulty, with effort, scarcely, 1

18 īnfertur…bellum: war is carried out cum…: since…; causal clause with impf. subj.
19 Carthāginī: on…; dat. of compounds 26 ipsō Hannibale captō: abl. abs.
circumdūcī: to be…; pass. inf. 27 prīmum, deinde, postrēmō: first, then, at last
21 ostendī… darī dīmittīque: to be…; pass. infs. 28 Inventa (sunt)
hīs: to…; dat. ind. obj. i.e. explorātōrēs argentī: of silver; gen. of materials
ut renūntiārent: so that…might…; purpose 29 post id certāmen: after this contest
23 quae…vīdissent: (the things) which…; plpf. ingentī glōriā: with…; abl. of manner, i-stem
subj. of subordinate verb in a purpose clause 31 ex eō: from this (victory), as a result of this
25 (in) ūllā memoriā coeptus est: began; often dep. with pass. inf.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 1-2 13

VII. …Eōdem annō bellum Pūnicum secundum Rōmānīs inlātum 1

est per Hannibalem, Carthāginiēnsium ducem, quī Saguntum,
obpugnāre = capere per
Hispāniae cīvitātem Rōmānīs amīcam, obpugnāre adgressus est, pugnam
adgressus est = coepit
annum agēns vīcēsimum aetātis, cōpiīs congregātīs cl mīlium. vīcēsimum = XX
aetātis = vītae
Huic Rōmānī per lēgātōs dēnūntiāvērunt, ut bellō abstinēret. Is 5 copiīs = mīlitibus
lēgātōs admittere nōluit. Rōmānī etiam Carthāginem mīsērunt, ut noluit = nōn voluit, nōn
cupīvit
mandārētur Hannibalī, nē bellum contrā sociōs populī Rōmānī mandārētur = imperātur

gereret. Dūra respōnsa ā Carthāginiēnsibus data sunt. Saguntīnī

famē = sine cībō
intereā famē victī sunt, captīque ab Hannibale ultimīs poenīs captī (sunt)
adficiuntur = puniuntur
adficiuntur. Bellum Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est. 10
VIII. Tum P. Cornēlius Scīpiō cum exercitū in Hispāniam
profectus est = mīgrāvit
profectus est, Ti. Semprōnius in Siciliam. [Bellum […] = remōvē et nolī
dīcere
Carthāginiēnsibus indictum est.] Hannibal relictō in Hispāniā
Pȳrēnaeum = montēs
frātre Hasdrubale Pȳrēnaeum trānsiit. Alpēs, adhūc eā parte inter Hispāniā Galliāque
(in) eā parte
inviās, sibi patefēcit. 15 inviās = sine viīs
patefēcit = aperuit
Trāditur ad Ītaliam lxxx mīlia peditum, x mīlia equitum, septem trāditur = dīcitur

et xxx elephantōs addūxisse. Intereā multī Līgurēs et Gallī

Hannibalī sē coniūnxērunt. Semprōnius Gracchus cognitō ad
(ad) Arīminum
Ītaliam Hannibalis adventū ex Siciliā exercitum Arīminum trāiēcit = dūxit

trāiēcit. 20
occurrit = convēnit
IX. P. Cornēlius Scīpiō Hannibalī prīmus occurrit. Commissō commissō proeliō = factā
pugnā
proeliō, fugātīs suīs ipse vulnerātus in castra rediit. Semprōnius suīs (mīlitibus)

Gracchus et ipse cōnflīgit apud Trebiam amnem. Is quoque cōnflīgit = pugnāvērunt

vincitur. Hannibalī multī sē in Ītaliā dedidērunt. Inde ad Tusciam

occurrit = convēnit
veniēns Hannibal Flāminiō cōnsulī occurrit. Ipsum Flāminium 25
interēmit; Rōmānōrum xxv mīlia caesa sunt, cēterī diffūgērunt. interēmit = interfēcit

Missus adversus Hannibalem posteā ā Rōmānīs Q. Fabius adversus = contrā + acc.

Maximus. Is eum differendō pugnam ab impetū frēgit, mox differendō = nōn faciēns

inventā occāsiōne vīcit. 29

 14 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 3-4

= DXL annō X. Quīngentēsimō et quadrāgēsimō annō ā conditā urbe L. 1

condītā urbe = initiō
urbis Aemilius Paulus P. Terentius Varrō contrā Hannibalem mittuntur
succēdunt = vēnit ad
monuit = dīxit Fabiōque succēdunt, quī abiēns ambō cōnsulēs monuit, ut
callidus = sapiēns
Hannibalem, callidum et inpatientem ducem, nōn aliter vincerent,
differendō = nōn quam proelium differendō. 5
faciēns
Vērum = sed Vērum cum inpatientiā Varrōnis cōnsulis contrādīcente alterō
vīcum = oppidum cōnsule [id est Aemiliō Paulō] apud vīcum, quī Cannae appellātur,
in Āpūliā pugna tum esset, ambō cōnsulēs ab Hannibale
pereunt=interficiuntur
vincuntur. In eā pugnā tria mīlia Āfrōrum pereunt; magna pars dē
sauciātur=vulnerātur exercitū Hannibalis sauciātur. Nūllō tamen proeliō Pūnicō bellō 10
periit = interficitur Rōmānī gravius acceptī sunt. Periit enim in eō cōnsul Aemilius
captī (sunt) Paulus, cōnsulārēs aut praetōriī xx, senātōrēs captī aut occīsī xxx,
occīsī (sunt) =
interfectī sunt nōbilēs virī ccc, mīlitum XL mīlia, equitum III mīlia et quīngentī.
In quibus malīs nēmō tamen Rōmānōrum pācis mentiōnem habēre
dignātus est= putāvit dignātus est. Servī, quod numquam ante, manūmissī et mīlitēs 15
esse bōnum
manūmissī (sunt) = factī sunt.
līberātī sunt
XI. Post eam pugnam multae Ītaliae cīvitātēs, quae Rōmānīs
pāruerant = erant
fīdelēs pāruerant, sē ad Hannibalem trānstulērunt. Hannibal Rōmānīs
obtulit < offerō
redimerent = obtulit, ut captīvōs redimerent, respōnsumque est ā senātū eōs
reciperent cīvēs nōn esse necessāriōs, quī cum armātī essent, capī potuissent. 20
necessāriōs=amīcōs
modiōs = magnōs Ille omnēs posteā variīs suppliciīs interfēcit et trēs modiōs
saccōs
ānulōrum aureorum Carthāginem mīsit, quōs ex manibus equitum
dētrāxerat < dētrahō Rōmānōrum, senātōrum et mīlitum dētrāxerat. Intereā in Hispāniā,
= cēperat
ubi frāter Hannibalis Hasdrubal remānserat cum magnō exercitū,
subigeret = vinceret ut eam tōtam Āfrīs subigeret, ā duōbus Scīpiōnibus, Rōmānīs 25
sub
perdit = āmīsit ducibus, vincitur. Perdit in pugnā xxxv mīlia hominum; ex hīs
occīduntur = capiuntur x mīlia, occīduntur xxv mīlia. Mittuntur eī ā
interficuntur
vīrēs = fortitūdō Carthāginiēnsibus ad reparandās vīrēs xil mīlia peditum, iv mīlia
equitum, xx elephantī.
XII. Annō quārtō postquam ad Ītaliam Hannibal vēnit, M. 30
Claudius Mārcellus cōnsul apud Nōlam, cīvitātem Campāniae,
contrā Hannibalem bene pugnāvit.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 5-6 15

Hannibal multās cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum per Āpūliam, Calabriam, 1

Brittiōs occupāvit. Quō tempore etiam rēx Macedoniae Philippus
lēgātōs = nūntiōs
ad eum lēgātōs mīsit, prōmittēns auxilia contrā Rōmānōs sub hāc auxilia = plūrēs mīlitēs

condiciōne, ut dēlētīs Rōmānīs ipse quoque contrā Graecōs ab

Hannibale auxilia acciperet. Captīs igitur lēgātīs Philippī et rē 5
cognitā Rōmānī in Macedoniam M. Valērium Laevīnum īre
iussērunt, in Sardiniam T. Mānlium Torquātum prōcōnsulem. prōcōnsulem = vir quī
dūcit mīlitēs prō cōnsule
Nam etiam ea sollicitāta ab Hannibale Rōmānōs dēseruerat. sollicitāta = perturbāta

XIII. Ita ūnō tempore quattuor locīs pugnābātur: in Ītaliā contrā

Hannibalem, in Hispāniīs contrā frātrem eius Hasdrubālem, in 10
Macedoniā contrā Philippum, in Sardiniā contrā Sardōs et alterum
Hasdrubālem Carthāginiēnsem. Is ā T. Mānliō prōcōnsule, quī ad
Sardiniam missus fuerat, vīvus est captus, occīsa [cum eō] occīsa (sunt) =
interfecta sunt
duodecim mīlia, captī cum eō mīlle quīngentī, et ā Rōmānīs
captī (sunt)
Sardinia subācta. Mānlius victor captīvōs et Hasdrubālem Rōmam 15 subāctavicta
(sunt) =
sunt
reportāvit.
Intereā etiam Philippus ā Laevīnō in Macedoniā vincitur et in
Hispāniā ab Scīpiōnibus Hasdrubal et Māgō, tertius frāter
Hannibalis.
XIV. Decimō annō postquam Hannibal in Ītaliam vēnerat, P. 20
Sulpiciō Cn. Fulviō cōnsulibus Hannibal usque ad quārtum Sulpiciō…cōnsulibus
= cum...essent cōnsulēs
mīliārium urbis accessit, equitēs eius usque ad portam. Mox
cōnsulum cum exercitū venientium metū Hannibal ad Campāniam metū = ē timōre

sē recēpit. In Hispāniā ā frātre eius Hasdrubale ambō Scīpiōnēs,

quī per multōs annōs victōrēs fuerant, interficiuntur, exercitus 25
tamen integer mānsit; cāsū enim magis erant quam virtūte dēceptī. integer = nōn tactus
cāsū = fortūnā
Quō tempore etiam ā cōnsule Mārcellō Siciliae magna pars capta
est, quam tenēre Āfrī coeperant, et nōbilissima urbs Syrācūsāna;
perlāta est < perferō
praeda ingēns Rōmam perlāta est.
16 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 7-8

Laevīnus in Macedoniā cum Philippō et multīs Graeciae 1

populīs et rēge Asiae Attalō amīcitiam fēcit, et ad Siciliam
profectus = cum profectus Hannōnem quendam, Āfrōrum ducem, apud
migrāvisset
Agrigentum cīvitātem cum ipsō oppidō cēpit eumque Rōmam
cum captīvīs nōbilissimīs mīsit. xl cīvitātēs in dēditiōnem accēpit, 5
expugnāvit = xxvi expugnāvit. Ita omnis Sicilia recepta est [Macedonia frācta] ;
cēpit per pugnam
regressus est = ingentī glōriā Rōmam regressus est. Hannibal in Ītaliā Cn.
rediit
adgressus = cum Fulvium cōnsulem subitō adgressus cum octo mīlibus hominum
pugnāvisset
interfēcit.
occīsīs = XV. Intereā ad Hispāniās, ubi occīsīs duōbus Scīpiōnibus nūllus 10
interfectīs
Rōmānus dux erat, P. Cornēlius Scīpiō mittitur, fīlius P. Scīpiōnis,
vīgintī = XX quī ibīdem bellum gesserat, annōs nātus quattuor et vīgintī, vir
suā aetāte =
tempore vītae Rōmānōrum omnium et suā aetāte et posteriōre tempore ferē
posteriōre temp. =
futūrō tempore prīmus. Is Carthāginem Hispāniae capit, in quā omne aurum,
apparātum = argentum et bellī apparātum Āfrī habēbant, nōbilissimōs quoque 15
instrumenta
obsidēs, quōs ab Hispānīs accēperant.
Māgōnem etiam, frātrem Hannibalis, ibīdem capit, quem
laetitia = gaudium Rōmam cum aliīs mittit. Rōmae ingēns laetitia post hunc nūntium
obsidēs = populōs
captōs fuit. Scīpiō Hispānōrum obsidēs parentibus reddidit; quārē omnēs
quārē: igitur, ergō ferē Hispānī ūnō animō ad eum trānsiērunt. Post quae 20
(cum) ūnō animō
Hasdrubālem, Hannibalis frātrem, victum fugat et praedam
maximam capit.
XVI. Intereā in Ītaliā cōnsul Q. Fabius Maximus Tarentum
recēpit, in quā ingentēs cōpiae Hannibalis erant. Ibi etiam ducem
occīdit = interfēcit Hannibalis Carthalōnem occīdit, xxv mīlia hominum captīvōrum 25
dispertīvit = dedit vēndidit, praedam mīlitibus dispertīvit, pecūniam hominum
vēnditōr-um = illī
quī vendunt vēnditōrum ad fiscum retulit. Tum multae cīvitātēs Rōmānōrum,
fiscum = pecūniam
pūblicam quae ad Hannibalem trānsierant prius, rūrsus sē Fabiō Maximō
ēgit = fēcit
dēdidērunt. Īnsequentī annō Scīpiō in Hispāniā ēgregiās rēs ēgit et
per sē et per frātrem suum L. Scīpiōnem; lxx cīvitātēs recēpērunt. 30
pugnātum est =
pugnāvērunt In Ītaliā tamen male pugnātum est. Nam Claudius Mārcellus
occīsus est =
interfectus est cōnsul ab Hannibale occīsus est.
 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 9-10 17

XVII. Tertiō annō postquam Scīpiō ad Hispāniās profectus 1 profectus fuerat =

migrāverat
fuerat, rūrsus rēs inclitās gerit. Rēgem Hispāniārum magnō inclitās = famōsās
gerit = facit
proeliō victum in amīcitiam accēpit et prīmus omnium ā victō
obsidēs nōn poposcit. obsidēs = populōs captōs
poposcit = rogāvit
XVIII. Dēspērāns Hannibal Hispāniās contrā Scīpiōnem diūtius 5
posse retinērī, frātrem suum Hasdrubālem ad Ītaliam cum
omnibus cōpiīs ēvocāvit. Is veniēns eōdem itinere, quō etiam copiīs = mīlitibus
(in) eōdem itinere
Hannibal vēnerat, ā cōnsulibus Ap. Claudiō Nerōne et M. Līviō (in) quō

Salīnātōre apud Sēnam, Pīcēnī cīvitātem, in īnsidiās conpositās īnsidiās =

incidit < in + cādō
incidit. Strēnuē tamen pugnāns occīsus est; ingentēs eius cōpiae 10 cōpiae = mīlitēs
captae aut interfectae sunt, magnum pondus aurī atque argentī pondus = grāvitās
relātum est < referō
Rōmam relātum est. Post haec Hannibal diffīdere iam dē bellī diffīdere = despērāre
coepit ēventū. Rōmānis ingēns animus accessit; itaque et ipsī
ēvocāvērunt ex Hispāniā P. Cornēlium Scīpiōnem. Is Rōmam cum
ingentī glōriā vēnit. 15
XIX. Q. Caeciliō L. Valēriō cōnsulibus omnēs cīvitātēs, quae in
Brittiīs ab Hannibale tenēbantur, Rōmānīs sē trādidērunt.
XX. Annō quārtō decimō posteāquam in Ītaliam Hannibal
Multa = multās rēs
vēnerat, Scīpiō, quī multa bene in Hispāniā ēgerat, cōnsul est 20 ēgerat = fēcerat
factus et in Āfricam missus. Cui virō dīvīnum quiddam inesse cui virō = (in) hōc virō

exīstimābātur, adeō ut putārētur etiam cum nūminibus habēre exīstimābātur = pūtābātur

nūminibus = deīs
sermōnem. Is in Āfricā contrā Hannōnem, ducem Āfrōrum,
pugnat; exercitum eius interficit. Secundō proeliō castra capit cum
quattuor mīlibus et quīngentīs mīlitibus, xi mīlibus occīsīs. 25 occīsīs = interfectīs

Syphacem, Numidiae rēgem, quī sē Āfrīs coniūnxerat, capit et

castra eius invādit. Syphāx cum nōbilissimīs Numidīs et īnfīnītīs
spoliīs Rōmam ā Scīpiōne mittitur. Quā rē audītā omnis ferē Ītalia Quā rē = hāc rē

Hannibalem dēserit. Ipse ā Carthāginiēnsibus redīre in Āfricam

iubētur, quam Scīpiō vastābat. 30
 18 Eutropius’ Hannibal pp. 11-12

XXI. Ita annō septimō decimō ab Hannibale Ītalia līberāta est. 1

Lēgātī = dūcēs
Lēgātī Carthāginiēnsium pācem ā Scīpiōne petīvērunt; ab eō ad
Quadrāgintā et senātum Rōmam missī sunt. Quadrāgintā et quīnque diēbus hīs
quīnque = XLV
indūtiae = foedus, indūtiae datae sunt, quousque īre Rōmam et regredī possent; et
pactum pācis
quoousque = tam trīgintā mīlia pondō argentī ab hīs accepta sunt. Senātus ex 5
longum quam
regredī = red-īre
arbitriō Scīpiōnis pācem iussit cum Carthāginiēnsibus fierī. Scīpiō
(in) pondō = (in) hīs condiciōnibus dedit: nē amplius quam trīgintā nāvēs habērent,
grāvitāte
arbitriō = cōnsiliō ut quīngenta mīlia pondō argentī darent, captīvōs et perfugās
amplius = plūrēs
quīngenta = D redderent.
perfugās = illōs quī 22. Interim Hannibale veniente ad Āfricam pāx turbāta est, 10
fugiunt
multa hostīlia ab Āfrīs facta sunt. Lēgātī tamen eōrum ex urbe
dīmissī (sunt) venientēs ā Rōmānīs captī sunt, sed iubente Scīpiōne dīmissī.
proeliīs = pugnīs
Hannibal quoque frequentibus proeliīs victus ā Scīpiōne petit
ventum esset = etiam ipse pācem. Cum ventum esset ad colloquium, īsdem
vēnissent
(pāx) data est condiciōnibus data est, quibus prius, additīs quīngentīs mīlibus 15
(in) quibus (pāx
data est) prius pondō argentī centum mīlibus lībrārum propter novam perfidiam.
lībr-ārum = lb.
perfidiam = malum
Carthāginiēnsibus condiciōnēs displicuērunt iussēruntque
displicuērunt= erant Hannibalem pugnāre. Īnfertur ā Scīpiōne et Masinissā, aliō rēge
nōn grātae
īnfertur…bellum Numidārum, quī amīcitiam cum Scīpiōne fēcerat, Carthāginī
explōrātōrēs = bellum. Hannibal trēs explōrātōrēs ad Scīpiōnis castra mīsit, quōs 20
mīlitēs captōs Scīpiō circumdūcī per castra iussit ostendīque hīs tōtum
prandium = cibum exercitum, mox etiam prandium darī dīmittīque, ut renūntiārent
renūntiārent =
reportārent Hannibalī quae apud Rōmānōs vīdissent.
proelium = pugna 23. Intereā proelium ab utrōque duce īnstrūctum est, quāle vix
īnstructum est = ūllā memoriā fuit, cum perītissimī virī cōpiās suās ad bellum 25
ēductum est
quāle = quod ēdūcerent. Scīpiō victor recēdit paene ipsō Hannibale captō, quī
perītus = sapiēns
postrēmō = in fīne prīmum cum multīs equitibus, deinde cum vīgintī, postrēmō cum

(in) pondō = (in)

quattuor ēvāsit. Inventa in castrīs Hannibalis argentī pondō vīgintī
grāvitāte mīlia, aurī octōgintā, cētera supellectilis cōpiōsa. Post id certāmen
cētera supellectilis
cōpiōsa = multae pāx cum Carthāginiēnsibus facta est. Scīpiō Rōmam rediit, ingentī 30
aliae rēs bonae
glōriā triumphāvit atque Āfricānus ex eō appellārī coeptus est.
ex eō (bellō)
nōnum decimum =
Fīnem accēpit secundum Pūnicum bellum post annum nōnum
XIX decimum, quam coeperat.
 19

Alphabetized Core Vocabulary in Eutropius’ Hannibal

The following list includes all words that occur four or more times arranged and selected common words of lesser
frequency in an alphabetized list. The number at the end of the entry indicates how many times the word occurs
in the commentary. These dictionary entries are not in the corresponding vocabulary lists and therefore must be
reviewed before using the commentary.

ā, ab, abs (away) from by, 33 etiam: also, even, besides, 11

accipiō, -ere -cēpī -ceptum: receive, 7 ex, ē: out from, from, out of (abl), 7
ad: to, toward; near, 23 exercitus, -ūs m.: army, 8
Aemilius, -iī m.: Aemilius, 3
Fabius, -iī m.: Fabius, 4
Āfer, -a, -um: African, 8
faciō, -ere, fēcī, factum: make, do, 6
Āfrica, -ae f.: Africa, 4
fīlius, -iī m.: son, 1
Āfricānus, -a, -um: Africanus, 1
fīnis, -is m./f.: end, border; territory, 1
alius, -a, -ud: other, another, else, 2
frāter, -tris m.: brother, 9
Alpēs, -ium f.: Alps, 2
amīca, -ae f.: friend, 1 glōria, -ae, f.: glory, fame, 3
animus, -ī m.: mind, soul; heart, passion, 2’
habeō, -ēre, habuī, -itus: have, hold, 4
annus, -ī m.: year, 12
Hannibal, -is m.: Hannibal, 48
ante: before, in front of (acc); before, 1
Hasdrubal, -is m.: Hasdrubal, 9
appellō (1): call (by name), name, 2
hic, haec, hoc: this, these he, she, it, 9
apud: at, among, in the presence of (acc), 6
Hispānia, -ae f.: Hispania, 15
argentum, -ī n.: silver, 6
homō, -inis m/f: person, people, human, 4
Asia, -ae f.: Asia Minor, 1
audiō, -īre, -īvī, audītum: hear, listen to, 1 in: in, on (abl) , into, against (acc.), 38
ingēns (ingentis): huge, immense, vast, 8
bellum, -ī, n.: war, 12
intereā: meanwhile, 7
Caecilius, -ī m.: Caecilius, 1 interficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectum: kill, slay, 5
capiō, -ere, cēpī, captum: take, seize, 18 ipse, ipsa, ipsum: -self; the very, 9
captīvus, -ī m.: captive, 5 is, ea, id: this, that he, she, it, 33
Carthāginiēnsis, -is m.: Carthaginian, 11 Ītalia, -ae f.: Italy, 14
Carthāgō, Carthāginis f.: Carthage, 4 iubeō, -ēre, iussī, iussum: order, bid, 6
castra, -ōrum n.: camp, 6
Laevīnus, -ī m.: Laevinus, 3
centum: hundred, 1
lēgātus, -ī m.: legate, ambassador, envoy, 6
cīvitās. cīvitātis f.: state, city-state, 10
Līvius, -ī m.: Livius, 1
Claudius, -iī m.: Claudius, 3
coepī, coepisse, coeptum: begin, 4 Macedonia, -ae f.: Macedonia, 6
condicio, -ciōnis f.: condition, term, 4 magnus, -a, -um: great, large; important, 5
cōnsul, -is m.: consul, 16 malus, -a, -um: bad, wicked, evil; adv. poorly, 2
contrā: against (acc) in reponse, 11 Mārcellus, -ī m.: Marcellus, 3
cōpia, -ae f.: abundance, supply troops, 5 Masinissa, -ae m.: Masinissa, 1
Cornēlius, -ī m.: Cornelius, 4 maximus, -a, -um: greatest; nōmen, Maximus, 4
cum: with (abl) when, since, although, 25 memoria, -ae f.: memory, 1
mīlēs, mīlitis m.: soldier, 5
dē: down from, about, concerning (abl), 2
mīlle (pl. mīlia): thousand, 23
decimus, -a, -um: tenth, 4
mittō, -ere, mīsī, missum: send, let go, 14
dō, dare, dedī, datum: give, put grant, 6
multus, -a, -um: much, many, abundant, 10
duo, duae, duo: two, 2
dux, ducis m/f.: leader, guide, chieftain, 8 nāvis, -is, f.: ship, boat, 1
nē: lest, that not, so that not, not, 2
ēducō (1): lead out, bring up, rear, train, 1
nōbilis, -e: noble, 5
elephantus, -ī m.: elephant, 2
nōn: not, by no means, not at all, 3
eques, equitis m.: horseman, rider, 6
numquam: never, 1
et: and, also, even, 38
20

occīdō, -ere, -cīdī, -cīsus: kill, strike down, 8 Salīnātōr, -is m.: Salinator, 1
occupō (1): seize, occupy, 1 Sardinia, -ae f.: Sardinia (island), 4
octō: eight, 1 Scīpiō, Scīpiōnis m.: Scipio, 28
omnis, -e: every, all, 9 sē: himself, herself, itself, themselves, 9
sed: but, moreover, however, 1
P.: Publius, 7
senātor, -ōris m.: senator, 2
pars, partis, f.: part, direction, side, 3
senātus, -ūs f.: senate, 3
Paulus, -ī m.: Paulus, 3
septem: seven, 1
pāx, pācis f.: peace, 6
septimus, -a, -um: seventh, 1
pecūnia, -ae f.: money, 1
servus, -ī, m.: slave, 1
per: through, over, across, 7
Sicilia, -ae f.: Sicily, 5
Philippus, -ī m.: Philip, 5
sub: under, beneath (abl), 1
pondus, -eris n.: weight; pondō, in weight, 5
sum, esse, fuī: to be, 47
populus, -ī m.: people, population, 2
suus, -a, -um: his, her, its, their (own), 5
possum, posse, potuī: be able, can, 3
post: after, behind (acc); afterward, next, 6 tamen: nevertheless, however, 6
prīmus, -a, -um: first, foremost; early, 4 tempus, -poris n.: time, 4
proelium, -iī n.: battle, 7 teneō, -ēre, -uī, tentum: hold, keep, 2
pugna, -ae f.: fight, 5 Terentius, -iī m.: Terentius, 1
pugnō (1): to fight, 6 tōtus. -a, -um: whole, entire, 3
Pūnicus, -a, -um: Punic, 3 trēs, tria: three, 3
tum: then, at that time, 3
quam: than, 4
quārtus, -a, -um: fourth, 3 ubi: where, when, 2
quattuor: four, 4 ūnus, -a, -um: one, single, 2
que: and, as well, 7 urbs, urbis, f.: city, 4
quī, quae, quod (quis? quid?): who, which, 35 ut (utī): as, when (ind) so that, 9
quīngentī, -ae, -a: five hundred, 5
veniō, -īre, vēnī, ventum: come, 11
quīnque: five, 1
vērus, -a, -um: true, real; adv. vērum, but 1
quoque: also, 4
victor, -ōris m.: conquerer, vanquisher, 3
recipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum: take (back), 4 videō, -ēre, vīdī, vīsum: see, 1
rēs, reī, f.: matter, affair, situation; restitution, 4 vīgintī: twenty, 3
rēx, rēgis m.: king, 5 vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum: conquer, defeat, 11
vir, virī m.: man, 4
Rōma, -ae f.: Rome, 12
Rōmānus, -a, -um: Roman, 26