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FINALS (Readings in Philippine History)

This document discusses four case studies in Philippine history: 1. The site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines, debated between Butuan and Limasawa islands. Primary sources point to Limasawa as the site in 1521. 2. The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 against Spanish colonial rule, which led to the execution of Gomburza and others. Tensions had been rising under the authoritarian Governor Rafael de Izquierdo. 3. Whether Jose Rizal retracted his writings while imprisoned. Conflicting accounts exist from Jesuit priests, lawyers, and eyewitnesses of his last days. 4. The location and date of the Cry of Balintawak,

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306 views5 pages

FINALS (Readings in Philippine History)

This document discusses four case studies in Philippine history: 1. The site of the first Catholic mass in the Philippines, debated between Butuan and Limasawa islands. Primary sources point to Limasawa as the site in 1521. 2. The Cavite Mutiny of 1872 against Spanish colonial rule, which led to the execution of Gomburza and others. Tensions had been rising under the authoritarian Governor Rafael de Izquierdo. 3. Whether Jose Rizal retracted his writings while imprisoned. Conflicting accounts exist from Jesuit priests, lawyers, and eyewitnesses of his last days. 4. The location and date of the Cry of Balintawak,

Uploaded by

King Sigue
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY

MIDTERMS

CASE STUDY 1: WHERE DID THE FIRST FILIPINO MASS TAKES PLACE IN THE PHILIPPINES?

Butuan

- Believed to be the site of the First Mass for three centuries. Culminating from the fact there is a
erection of a monument in 1872 near Agusan River.

TWO PRIMARY SOURCES FOR THE FIRST MASS:

Francisco Albo

- A pilot of one of Magellan’s ship, Trinidad.


- He was one of the 18 survivors who returned with Sebastian Elcano on the ship Victoria after
they circumnavigated the world.

Antonio Pigafetta

- Wrote the Primo Viaggio Intorno Al Mondo (First Voyage Around the World).
- A member of the Magellan Expedition.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Miguel A. Bernad

- Wrote an article about the topic “Butuan or Limasawa? The Site of the First Mass in the
Philippines: A Reexamination of the Evidence” in 1981.

PRIMARY SOURCE: Albo’s Log

- On the 16th of March, as they sailed in a westerly coast of Ladrones, they saw lands towards the
northwest; but owing to many shallow places they did not approach it. They found later that its
name is Yunagan.
- They went instead that same day southwards to another small island named Suluan, and there
they anchored.
- Departing from those two islands, they sailed westward to an uninhabited island of “Gada”
where they took in a supply of wood and water. (From Pigafetta’s testimony, this seems to be
the “Acquada” or Homonhon, at 10 degrees North latitude).
- From that island they sailed westwards towards a large island names Seilani that was inhabited
and was known to have gold. (Seilani-Albo:Ceylon-Pigafetta, was the island of Leyte).
- Sailing southwards along the coast of that large island of Seilani, they turned southwest to a
small island called “Mazava”. That island is also at a latitude of 9 and two thirds degrees North.
- “Subu” was the island of Cebu.

PRIMARY SOURCE: Pigafetta’s Testimony

- (March 16 1521) Magellan’s Expedition sighted a high land named Zamal which was some 300
leagues westward of Ladrones (Marianas) Islands.
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERMS

Homonhon (Humunu)

- Watering Place of Good Omen

Hibuson

- An island east of Leyte’s southern tip.

Boloto

- Small boat

Balanghai

- Large boat

First Mass

- Father Pedro De Valderrama


- March 31, 1521
- Limasawa

CASE STUDY 2: CAVITE MUTINY

Two Events that Happened in 1872:

- GOMBURZA (Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, Jacinto Zamora)


- Cavite Mutiny

Jose Montero Y Vidal

- Historian in which he is biased


- He centered on how the event was an attempt to overthrow the Spanish Government

Governor Rafael De Izquierdo

- The reason why the Cavite mutiny took place.

Joaquin Pardo De Tavera

- Filipino Spaniard that held the meeting in his house

Polo Y Servicios

- Forced labor

January 20, 1872

- Cavite Mutiny

Fernando La Madrid

- Led the Cavite Mutiny


READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERMS

Sentenced to Death:

- Joaquin Pardo De Tavera


- Antonio Ma. Regidor
- Pio Basa

February 17, 1872

- GOMBURZA was executed

Trinidad Pardo De Tavera

- A Filipino scholar and researcher, who wrote a Filipino version of the bloody incident in
Cavite.

Edmund Plauchut

- French writer who complemented Trinidad’s works.

CASE STUDY 3: Did Jose Rizal Retract?

Four Iteration of Jose Rizal’s retraction:

- La Voz Espanola
- Diario de Manila (Dec 30 1896)
- La Juventud (Barcelona, Spain)
- Vicente Balaguer (February 14 1897)

Fr. Vicente Balaguer

- In his statement, Jose Rizal’s Actions were questionable

Cuerpo De Vigilancia

- Report of the last hours of Rizal


- Written by Federico Moreno

Senor Taviel De Andrade

- Biased lawyer of Rizal

March and Vilaclara

- Jesuit priests who presents the retraction letter

Pio Valenzuela

- Visited Rizal in Prison


READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERMS

CASE STUDY 4: Where did the Cry of Rebellion Happen?

Cry of Rebellion

- El Grito De Rebellion
- 1896 of August
- Northeast of Manila

Teodoro Agoncillo

- Said that the Cry started when the Filipinos tore their cedula

Olegario Diaz

- August 25 1896, Balintawak

Teodoro Kalaw

- Kangkong, Balintawak. Last week of August 1896

Santiago Alvarez

- Son of Mariano Alvarez


- Leader of Magdiwang Faction
- Bahay Toro, Quezon City August 24, 1896

Pio Valenzuela

- Pugadlawin, August 23, 1896

Gregorio Zalde

- Balintawak, August 26 1896

Teodoro Agoncillo

- Pugadlawin, August 23 1896

Guillermo Masangkay

Memoirs of the Revolution

- Pio Valenzuela

Blood compact 

- (Spanish: Pacto de sangre, Filipino: Sanduguan) was an ancient ritual in the Philippines
intended to seal a friendship or treaty, or to validate an agreement. The contracting parties
would cut their wrists and pour their blood into a cup filled with liquid, such as wine, and
drink the mixture.
READINGS IN PHILIPPINE HISTORY
MIDTERMS

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