CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

STUDY PACKAGE

PEARL / OODLES
(Foundation for IIT JEE / AIEEE / AIPMT & Excellence at School)

CLASS IX

BIOLOGY

WHY DO
WE
FALL ILL

A Pre-Foundation Program
by

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 SP/Biology/Class-IX CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL

Why do we fall ill

Health Diseases

Factors Hygiene
effecting
health
Personal Community
Hygiene Hygiene

Types of disease Modes of Causes of Manifestations Principle Principle

transmission disease of of
By Vectors treatment Prevention
By Vehicles
Intrinsic Extrinsic Organ Tissue
By Placenta cause cause specific specific
manife- manife-
By Droplet
Cogenital Acquired station station
infection

Communicable Non-Communicable

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CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

WHY DO WE FALL ILL

5.1 INTRODUCTION
5.1 Introduction
Indeed an old saying ‘Health is wealth’. All of us has desire to live
long. It is more important to live well then live long.
Health is condition when you are well enough to function physically,
5.2 Health and its failure
mentally and socially.
Disease (Disturbed ease) is condition when there is something
wrong within the body.
5.3 Disease and its cause Note: Being disease free doesn’t always means that you are in
good health.

5.4 Means of spread Question based on basic knowledge required to understand

this chapter
1. Living cell is
5.5 Manifestation (A) Dynamic (B) Static (C) Both (D) None
2. A person is healthy if he is
(A) Physically fit
5.6 Principle of treatment (B) Has no mental problems
(C) Has no social problems
(D) All of the above
5.7 Principle of prevention 3. Authority taking care of clean water supply is
(A) Panchayat
(B) Muncipal Corporation
(C) Both
(D) None of these
4. Diabetes is
(A) Communicable (B) Non communicable
(C) Both (D) None of these
5. The list of work done by Muncipal corporation includes
(A) Supply of clean drinking water
(B) Advices and provision for family planning
(C) Provision for vaccination
(D) All of the above

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SP/Biology/Class-IX CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL

6. Jobs and Good economic conditions are needed for individual health. The statement is
(A) True (B) False
(C) Uncertain (D) None of these
7. Disease may be caused by
(A) Biological agents (B) Chemical agents
(C) Nutrient agents (D) All of the above
8. The disease which occurs for short period of time–
(A) Common cold (B) Heart disease (C) Diabatese (D) All of the above
9. The best remedy for disease is
(A) Prevention (B) Treatment (C) Ignorance (D) All of the above
10. Disease may be influenced by
(A) Internal factors (B) External factors
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None of these

Your Score Your Knowledge to understand

(1) 0–4 Unsatisfactory
(2) 5–6 Satisfactory
(3) 7 and above Good
Suggestion: If your knowledge comes under the category of ‘unsatisfactory’, then go through the following
topics .

S. No. Topics
1. Health and its failure
2. Community issue
3. Acute and chronic disease
4. Principle of prevention

5.2 HEALTH AND ITS FAILURE

The significance of Health: Health is a state of being well enough to function well physically, mentally
& socially.
Personal & community issues both matter for health:
• Garbage should be properly collected & disposed.
• Drainage system should be regularly cleared & covered
• Panchayat & municipal corporation should regularly clean drinking water.
Social equality & harmony both are necessary for individual health:
Good economic condition & jobs are needed for a happy individual health.
Distinction between healthy & disease free:
Disease – disturbed ease.
Impairment or malfunctioning of the normal state of the living organism that disturbs or modify the
performance of the vital functions & environmental factors.
It is possible to be in a poor health without actually suffering from a particular disease.
Try yourself
1. ‘Health of one organ is interconnected to all other organs in body’. The statement is
(A) True (B) False (C) Uncertain (D) None
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CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

2. ‘Personal health is influenced by community health’. The statement is

(A) True (B) False (C) Uncertain (D) None

5.3 DISEASE AND ITS CAUSE

What does disease look like?
(1) Disease : – Impairment or malfunctioning of the normal state of the living organism that disturbs or
modify the performance of the vital functions and environmental factors.
Intrinsic factor or internal factors
(2) Factors :
Extrinsic factor or external factors
(3) Internal Factors

Improper functioning Genetic disorder Hormonal imbalances Malfunctioning

of Immune system

(4) EXTERNAL FACTORS

Inadequate diet Pathogens Environmental Tobacco, alcohol

pollutants and narcotic drugs

DISEASE

(5) Congenital Acquired

Present since birth Develop after birth

Communicable Non -Communicable

Transfer
Disease Healthy
infection
person person

Deficiency disease Cancer Injury

degenerative Metabolic Disorder

Try yourself
3. Symptom’s are indicative of
(A) Good health (B) Disease (C) Both (D) None
4. Internal factors for disease includes
(A) Hormonal imbalance (B) Genetic disorder
(C) Pathogens (D) Both (A) and (B)
5. Malnutrition is
(A) External factors (B) Internal factors (C) Both (D) None
6. Diabetes is due to
(A) External factors (B) Internal factors (C) Both (D) None
7. Cancer is
(A) Cogenital (B) Acquired (C) Pathogenic (D) All
8. Common cold is
(A) Communicable (B) Congenital (C) Non-communicable (D) All of the above

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Acute & chronic diseases:

Acute – disease lasting for short periods of time. Ex. common cold.
Chronic – disease lasting for longer time. Ex. Elephantiasis. These type of diseases result in poor
health, like loss of weight & feeling tired all the time.

Try youself:
9 Chronic disease lasts for
(A) few days (B) few weeks
(C) longer time even including lifetime (D) None of these
10. Disease caused by microorganisms
(A) Infectious (B) Non-infectious (C) Inborn (D) None of these

Infectious & non-infectious causes:

Infectious – caused by micro-organisms
Non-infectious – Internal & non-infections cause of disease. Ex. Hybertension
Infectious Agents: Viruses, bacteria, fungi, protozoan, worms.
Virus – Common cold, influenza, dengue, AIDS
Staphylococcus (bacteria) – acne
Trypanosoma (Protozoan) – Sleeping sickness (Vector - Tse - Tse Fly)
Leishmania (protozoan) – Kala-azar (Vector - sand Fly)
Ascaris lumbricoides (worm) – Ascariasis
Other bacterial disease – Typhoid fever, cholera, TB, anthrax
Comparision of Virus & Bacteria
Virus Bacteria
Live in host cell Rarely in host cell
Not affected by antibiotics Affected by antibiotic, since antibiotic
blocks the bacterial processes that build
the cell wall.
Virus living only inside host cell Living organism
but non-living outside host cell
– Virus, bacteria & fungi multiply very quickly, while worms multiply very slowly.
– Penicillin is an antibiotic.
– Antibiotic are not effective during viral cold.

5.4 MEANS OF SPREAD OF COMMUNICABLE DISEASE

Communicable disease: The pathogenic micro – organism such as viruses, bacteria, fungi etc. spread
through air, water, food, skin, contacts, lesions, sexual contacts and carries of micro–organism.
By air – common cold, pneumonia & TB
By water – Cholera
Sexual – AIDS, Sybhills
By vector – Malaria, Kala-Azar, Sleeping sickness.

5.5 ORGAN-SPECIFIC AND TISSUE SPECIFIC MANIFESTATION

Lungs – air borne disease ex. TB
Gut & liver – food borne ex. Typhoid, jaundice

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CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

Lymph node – Sexual ex. AIDS

Liver & RBC – Mosquito ex. Malaria
Brain – Mosquito ex. Japanese encephalitis (Brain fever)
SYMPTOMS
– of lung infection – cough & breathlessness
– of liver infection – Jaundice
– of Brain infection – headaches, vomiting, fits or unconsciousness
INFLAMATION – An active immune system recruits many cells to the affected tissue to kill off the
disease-causing microbes.
It result in local effects such as swelling, pain & fever.
AIDS – causal organism HIV
Symptoms – immuno deficiency

Try yourself
11. Kala-azar is caused by
(A) Protozoa (B) Virus (C) Bacteria (D) Fungus
12. Typhoid is
(A) Bacterial disease (B) Viral disease (C) Fungal disease (D) Protozoan disease
13. Skin infections are mostly caused by
(A) Fungus (B) Bacteria (C) Both (D) None
14. Virus are not affected by antibiotics because
(A) They are non-living outside cell (B) They uses host machinery
(C) Both (A) and (B) (D) None
15. Polio is
(A) Bacterial disease (B) Viral disease (C) Protozoan disease (D) None of these
16. Malaria affects
(A) Liver (B) Red blood cell (C) Both (D) None of these

5.6 PRINCIPAL OF TREATMENT

(i) By reducing the effect of the disease
(ii) to kill the cause of the disease

5.7 PRINCIPAL OF PREVENTION

(a) General ways:
(i) Preventing exposure
(ii) Availability of proper & sufficient food for everyone
(b) Specific ways:
– Vaccines (Immunisation)
Ex. Vaccines against tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough, measles, polio etc.

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SP/Biology/Class-IX CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL

Solved Examples
Example 1
If you are under mental tension you are
(A) Healthy (B) Non healthy (C) Suffering from disease (D) Disease free
Solution
(B)
Example 2
Removal of solid waste in village is duty of
(A) Peoples (B) Panchayat (C) Muncipal corporation (D) None of these
Solution
(B)
Example 3
The disease which are ‘inborn’ are known as
(A) Communicable disease (B) Acute disease
(C) Chronic disease (D) Congential
Solution
(D)
Example 4
Disease which spreads form person to person are
(A) Communicable (B) Congenital (C) Chronic (D) Acute
Solution
(A)
Example 5
Causative agent of AIDS is
(A) HIV (B) Amoeba (C) Leishmania (D) Staphylococcus
Solution
(A)
Example 6
Water borne disease
(A) Polio (B) Cholera (C) Both (A) & (B) (D) None of these
Solution
(C)
Example 7
Symptom of brain infection includes
(A) Headache (B) Fits (C) Unconciousness (D) All of the above
Solution
(D)
Example 8
Symptom of AIDS is
(A) Fever (B) Vomiting (C) Immuno deficiency (D) Cough
Solution
(C)

*****

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A Pre-Foundation Program
CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

EXERCISE-I
1. Name the disease caused by protozoa?
2. Write the name of a disease spread through direct contact.
3. Define communicable and non - communicable diseases.
4. Name four disease caused by bacteria?
5. How is AIDS spread?
6. What is deficiency disease?
7. Name the mineral present in Hamoglobin?
8. Why are children vaccinated for cholera?
9. Write two common symptoms of malaria?
10. What is the function of calcium in our body?
11. Name any three bacterial disease and three viral disease.
12. Why does dehydration occur in diarrhoea and how can it be prevented?
13. Why are salts iodized? why people living on sea coast do not suffer from goitre?

EXERCISE-II
1. Which are of the following is a communicable disease?
(A) cancer (B) heart disease (C) typhoid (D) none
2. Which one of the following is a non communicable disease:
(A) desentry (B) cholera (C) diphtheria (D) arthritis
3. AIDS is causes by:
(A) virus (B) bacterium (C) fungus (D) helminth
4. BCG vaccine is used to cure :
(A) pneumonia (B) tuberculosis (C) polio (D) amoebiasis
5. AIDS is mainly caused by :
(A) sexual intercourse (B) blood transfusion
(C) through placental transfusion (D) all of these
6. Causative agent of T.B. is :
(A) salmonella (B) pneumococcus (C) streptoccus (D) mycobacterium
7. Which of the following is a bacterial disease?
(A) poliomyelitis (B) filariasis (C) malaria (D) tetanus
8. Which of the following is a mismatch?
(A) malaria- protozon infection (B) elephantiasis - nematode infection
(C) Aids - bacterial infection (D) Leprosy - bacterial infection
9. ORS is given for
(A) diarrhoea and typhoid (B) diarrhoea and cholera
(C) cholera and tetanus (D) cholera and measles

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SP/Biology/Class-IX CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL

10. Lack of iodine cause:

(A) anaemia (B) osteomalacia (C) goitre (D) Fluorosis
11. Anaemia is caused due to deficiency of :
(A) iron (B) phosphorus (C) sodium (D) calcium
12. Good sources of iodine includes
(A) seafish (B) sea salt (C) cod liver oil (D) all of these

EXERCISE-III
SECTION-A
 Fill in the blanks
1. The literal meaning of disease is ______________ease.
2. Acute disease are for ___________periods
3. Outside body virus is _____________.
4. Pathogens are___________causing agents.
5. Multicellular organism causing disease is__________.
6. ___________and _____________ventilated housing is major factor in spread and airborne disease.

SECTION-B
 Multiple choice question with one correct answers
1. Antibiotics are not effective against
(A) Bacteria (B) Virus (C) Fungus (D) None of these
2. Worm is
(A) Unicellular (B) Multicellular (C) A cellular (D) None of these
3. Which among following multiplies slowly?
(A) Bacteria (B) Virus (C) Worm (D) None of these
4. AIDS is transmitted
(A) by air (B) by mosquito
(C) by water (D) sexually
5. Jaundice is caused by improper functioning of
(A) Brain (B) Heart (C) Liver (D) Lungs

SECTION-C
 Multiple choice question with one or more than one correct answers
1. Virus is
(A) Non-living outside body (B) Living inside host body
(C) Causative agent of common cold (D) Multiplies slowly
2. Principle of prevention includes
(A) Avoiding exposure (B) Proper food supply (C) Taking antibiotics (D) All of above
3. External factors for disease includes
(A) Inadequate diet (B) Pathogens
(C) Genetic disorder (D) Enviornmental pollutants
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CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

4. Common cold is
(A) Viral disease (B) Acute disease
(C) Communicable disease (D) Treated with antibiotics

SECTION-D

 Assertion & Reason

Instructions: In the following questions as Assertion (A) is given followed by a Reason (R). Mark your
responses from the following options.
(A) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’
(B) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is not the correct explanation of ‘Assertion’
(C) Assertion is true but Reason is false
(D) Assertion is false but Reason is true

1. Assertion: Virus can’t be treated with antibiotics

Reason: They uses host machinery and are living only inside host cell.

SECTION-E
 Match the following (one to one)
Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with some
entries of column-II. Only One entries of column-I may have the matching with the some entries of column-
II and one entry of column-II Only one matching with entries of column-I

1. Column I Column II
(A) Virus (P) Kala azar
(B) Worm (Q) AIDS
(C) Bacteria (R) Multicellular
(D) Protozoa (S) Cholera

SECTION-F
 Comprehension
Many disease causing organisms are spread through the air. This occurs through little droplets thrown out
by infected person when he sneezes or coughs. Anyone standing near who inhales these droplet has high
chance of infection.
1. The most common method of spread of respiratory disease is
(A) Air (B) Food (C) Water (D) All of these
2. Chance of respiratory infection decrease when distance is
(A) More (B) Less (C) Uncertain (D) None of these

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SECTION-G
 Match the following (one to many)
Column-I and column-II contains four entries each. Entries of column-I are to be matched with some
entries of column-II. One or more than one entries of column-I may have the matching with the some entries
of column-II and one entry of column-II may have one or more than one matching with entries of column-I
1. Column I Column II
(A) Antibiotic (P) Broad spectrum antibiotic
(B) Penicillin (Q) Narrow spectrum antibiotic
(C) Streptomycin (R) Do not affect virus
(D) Antibiotic affecting large group of (S) Have side affect
pathogens

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CH-5: WHY DO WE FALL ILL SP/Biology/Class-IX

Answers
Knowledge base questions

1. (A) 2. (D) 3. (C) 4. (B) 5. (D)

6. (A) 7. (D) 8. (A) 9. (A) 10. (C)

Try Yourself
1. (A) 2. (A) 3. (B) 4. (D) 5. (A)
6. (B) 7. (B) 8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (A)
11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (C) 15. (B)
16. (C)

Exercise-II
1. (C) 2. (D) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (D)
6. (D) 7. (D) 8. (C) 9. (B) 10. (C)
11. (A) 12. (D)

Exercise-III

Section-A
1. Disturbed 2. Short 3. Non-living
4. Disease 5. Crowdy & poorely

Section-B
1. (B) 2. (B) 3. (C) 4. (D) 5. (C)

Section-C
1. (A,B,C) 2. (A,B) 3. (A,B,C) 4. (A,B,C)

Section-D
1. (A)
Section-E
1. (A)-(Q), (B)-(R), (C)-(S), (D)-(P)

Section-F
1. (A) 2. (A)

Section-G
1. (A)-(P,Q,R,S), (B)-(Q,R,S), (C)-(P,R,S), (D)-(P,R,S)

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