Course code : TCSE 4011

Course Tittle : Application of computer in textile

Submitted To
Md. Shamim Alam
Assistant Professor

Submitted By:
Name ID
1.Ashique Mahmud 2017000400091
2.Md. Yeasin Arafat Omi 2017000400014
3.Mahfuzur Rahman Himel 2017000400085
4.Md. Shakrul Islam 20170004000120
5.Md. Mohi Uddin 20170004000112
6.Khorshed Alam Sharkar 2017000400023
7.Afsana Alamgir Mila 2017000400013
8.Manos Chandra Ray 2016000400091
9.Md. Mujahidul Islam 2017000400092
 Application of Computer in Garments Industry

Modern textile engineering is a multi-discipline subject and textile engineers

should have sufficient background in science and mathematics. They should also
know application of computer in textile engineering. On the one hand computers
are used for design and development of new textile materials, computerized
laboratory equipment and computer controlled manufacturing process and
equipment. On the other hand, there are complex computational problems in
production, quality control and management of textiles. Textile products are basic
need of human beings but also people are increasingly demanding high quality
products at reasonable price and textile market is competitive but lucrative. Use of
computer saves time, increase productivity and reduce cost. Application of
computer is now very widespread in every aspect of textile engineering.

For example, modern textile and garment machineries are computer controlled.

Production process is also controlled by computers such as in computer aided
spinning, woven and garment design, computer aided color measurement, color
matching of textiles, dye recipe formulation, mixing ratio formulation and
optimization and merchandising.

Therefore, students and professionals of textile engineering should know how to

 use computer effectively. This may range from writing computer program and
solving problems related to manufacturing and production of textile products as
well as for inventory control, costing, retailing, decision support, forecasting etc.
Students should also know some basics of computer hardware and computer
interfacing environment as most machines and test equipment are computer
controlled and production process from input to output is computerized.

Computer application in different sectors of textile

technology:
Computer application in textile is very widespread and integrated in all phases of
textile engineering. Major applications of computer in textile are point out below:

1. Research and development of materials and textile process

2. Computer aided textile production and process control
3. Production planning
4. Process control
5. Quality control
6. Inventory control
7. Analysis of engineering data
8. Solution of engineering problems
9. Management decision process
10. Development of teaching tools like lab software
11. Textile machine manufacturing
12. Automation of textile machines, equipments and processes

Purposes of application of computer in textile (ACT):

In the light of the above discussion, the aims and objectives of ACT can be
summarized as follows:
 Know the areas of computer application in textile industry and understand
how to work with computer systems in textile processing and new product
development.
 Learn computer fundamentals and programming languages and necessary
tools.
 Learn how to apply computer knowledge such as programming in textile
processes. 
 Learn visual programming languages tools to develop user friendly
programs and software.
 Learn Microsoft office spreadsheet tool such as Excel for consumption,
calculations and presentation of results as graphs, charts etc. 
 Learn basic of Database Management System such as Mysql, Oracle
including MS Access and learn how to connect databases from applications. 
 Use of commercial and open source software for fiber technology, spinning,
weaving, knitting, coloration technology and textile testing.
 Use of different statistical methods to analyze engineering data. 
 Use of different mathematical techniques to solve engineering problems and
use of mathematical packages like MATLAB. 
 Use of computer in textile materials and inspection techniques to get some
idea on hardware such as computer interfacing systems and micro-controllers used
in textile machineries.

If we consider the application of computer in wet processing

the application can mainly be categorized as bellow;
 Applications of computer in testing equipment for wet processing.
 Applications of computer in process machineries for wet processing.
 Applications of computer in process management for wet processing.
 Applications of computer in overall process management for wet processing.

Computer aided testing equipment in wet processing:

It is the engineering application of computers for the inspection of quality of the
products. While designing a textile product, the requirements must be defined
followed by development process and acceptance testing. CAQA includes
measuring equipment management, goods inward inspection, vendor rating,
attribute chart, statistical process control and documentation. These practices
provide a set of processes and procedures that address the quality assurance
requirements throughout the hardware or software production cycle from
requirements specification through design, implementation and testing, to
acceptance and deployment. The Computer Aided Quality Assurance should
ensure tests and procedures are properly carried out and evaluated and if any
modifications in the product are investigated when necessary, should generate
technical and management system reports, produce statistical reports through
relevant data, measures to improve the quality of fabrics by reducing cost and
bringing about better utilization of raw materials. Specifications should be
developed and standard practices must be used for evaluating materials, product
characteristics, performance and quality. Sensors are used by continuous
production machines to control the quality of the product. This ensures production
of identical, high quality products, such as plain, plied and fancy yarns and
standard or specialized fabrics.Few computer aided equipments are as bellow;

There are some testing equipments that are used in wet processing laboratory they
are,
 Spectrophotometer
 Data color 
 Buffer Calculator
 Different kinds of computer aided fastness tester. 
Spectrophotometer:
 Spectrophotometer usually used in textile to measure the efficiency of dyeing
and k/s value ect.it is used in the quantitative measurement of the reflection or
transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength. It is more
specific than the general term electromagnetic spectroscopy in that
spectrophotometry deals with visible light, near-ultraviolet, and near-infrared, but
does not cover time-resolved spectroscopic techniques.
 Spectrophotometer
Spectrophotometry involves the use of a spectrophotometer. A spectrophotometer
is aphotometer that can measure intensity as a function of the light source
wavelength. Important features of spectrophotometers are spectral bandwidth and
linear range of absorption or reflectance measurement.

Datacolor: In testing laboratory it can be used to match color recipe before going
to bulk production. With increasing pressure for smaller production lots, shorter
time to market and intricate blends, the only way to optimize time, recipe
development and production is to have a broad knowledge base taken directly from
dyers themselves. Datacolor process is a unique software solution that uses the
knowledge of the experts in your company to help you manage dyeing recipes and
entire processes. It automatically creates or specifies the best production recipe for
any color, dyed on a specific fabric and for a particular customer.

Buffer calculator: It is used to calculate the amount of acids/alkali required to

maintain a proper buffer solutions for the use.

Different kinds of computer aided fastness tester: Fastness properties of

fabrics should be tested accurately for the production. For that computer assistance
are taken for better results. few testers are as bellow,

AATCC Rotary Crockmeter , automated pilling (automated pilling Ici Pilling

Testing Machine (TSE-A010)) and abrasion tester, automated percpirometer etc.

Many more applications are there in the testing lab of wet processing as an
example to test the fabric quality there are few more computer aided machines.the
application of computer is day by day increasing in various places with the
improvement of technologies and almost everywhere computer assistance can be
used for correct results.

Computer aided process machineries: 

In textile wet processing there are many pretreatments processes are carried out
before sending the fabric to the dyeing and printing sections.as an examples
singeing where optimum temperature required, scouring, bleaching, mercerization
where ample amount of tension required which can be maintained by applying
automation or computer assistance. After than that fabrics sent to dyeing and
printing section.

For dyeing sections : 

For dyeing procedure the accuracy of process is required for a proper dyeing
process there are some machineries which comes with computer assistance in the
machine for a better performance. There are some dyeing machines which has
softwares that work independently after the command that is made by the operator.
Digital monitor with information of m;l ratio, chemical ratio, machine speed,
temperature, pressure etc criteria can be maintained for better dyeing effect.

Computer match prediction for fluorescent dyes by neural networks: 

Fluorescent dyes present difficulties for match prediction due to their variable
excitation and emission characteristics, which depend on a variety of factors. An
empirical approach is therefore favoured, such as that used in the artificial neural
network method. In this paper, the production of a database with four acid dyes
(two fluorescent and two non-fluorescent) is described, along with the large
number of mixture dyeings that were carried out. The data were used to construct a
network connecting reflectance values with concentrations in formulations. The
results show that, although time consuming, this approach is viable and accurate.

Datacolor : During the bulk production accurate formulation of recipes datacolor

also used.

Highly efficient ultraviolet photodetectors based on TiO2 nanocrystal–

polymer : Solution-processed inorganic/organic hybrid films based on anatine
TiO2 Nano crystals and poly (9,9-dihexylfluorene) (PFH) are fabricated via a
simple spin-coating method and characterized by atomic force microscopy, UV–
vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra. The photodetector devices are made
from hybrid TiO2/PFH bulk heterojunction films sandwiched between poly(3,4-
ethylenedioxythiophene)–poly(styrenesulfonate) pre-coated ITO and Al electrodes.
The device characteristics, including current–voltage (I–V) curves under UV
illumination, spectral response, response time and bias dependence, are studied.
The photovoltaic effect is observed and the photocurrent shows an increase with
increasing TiO2content from 2.5 to 11 wt%. The high UV photo-to-dark current
ratio of 103, fast response time less than 200 ms and a responsivity of 54.6 mA W
− 1 are obtained for the hybrid photodetector. The fast photoresponse is attributed
to the enhanced interfacial dissociation of excitons. The overlap of the spectral
response with the UV–A range (320–400 nm) and the low-cost wet fabrication
method show their potential for environmental and biological uses.

Ultrasonic-assisted wet processing: Ultrasound reduces processing time and

energy consumption, maintains or improves product quality, and reduces the use of
auxiliary chemicals. In essence, the use of ultrasound for dyeing will use electricity
to replace expensive thermal energy and chemicals, which have to be treated in
waste water.

Bubbling phenomenon, Ultrasound energy is sound waves with frequencies above

20,000 oscillations per second, which is above the upper limit of human hearing. In
liquid, these high-frequency waves cause the formation of microscopic bubbles, or
cavitations. They also cause insignificant heating of the liquid. Ultrasound causes
cavitational bubbles to form in liquid. When the bubbles collapse, they generate
tiny but powerful shock waves. We needed to agitate the border layer of liquid to
get the liquor through the barrier more quickly, and these shock waves seemed like
the perfect stirring mechanism.

Ultrasonic wave also can be used to increase the amorphous reasons in fabric to
better the dye uptake.

For printing section : 

This process can be divided into two parts one preparation part and two is to
applying the print paste on the fabric.

Preparation:
Designing : It is done by as followings; 
Photoshop : Before the application of printing on fabrics there is a necessity of an
appropriate designing which was used to be done manually now a days can be
done accurately with necessary information like repeat size,number of color etc
with the help of Photoshop .

Computer Aided Design (CAD): CAD is an electronic system which is used for

designing new products or part of a product or altering the existing products or
replacing the entire product done manually. CAD is used by the designer to design
different geometric shapes with the help of graphics software. The CAD system
has been built up from the Graphical User Interface with NURBS geometry and
boundary representation data via a geometric modeling kernel. The graphics
system provided by the CAD allows designers to create electronic images that can
be portrayed into two or three dimensional solid component which can be rotated
or scaled or transformed as it is viewed.

Screen preparation: In the past the screen preparation was a quite a difficult task
and was time consuming as well and accuracy was not achieved. Now a days glass
fiber used as screen, and galvano, laqour screen etc made by computer assistance.
 Galvano screen
Printing process : Digital textile printing, often referred to as direct to garment
printing, DTG printing, and digital garment printing is a process of printing on
textiles and garments using specialized or modified inkjet technology. Inkjet
printing on fabric is also possible with an inkjet printer by using fabric sheets with
a removable paper backing. Today major inkjet technology manufacturers can
offer specialized products designed for direct printing on textiles, not only for
sampling but also for bulk production. Burnout effect can be brought or plasma
technology, laser technology can be also used for printing.

Process management in wet processing: 

Computer Integrated manufacturing (CIM) uses computers to control the entire
production process that involves engineering, production, marketing and all the
support functions of a manufacturing enterprise. In the traditional business
paradigm, the company is assumed as an island, i.e., an independent and self-
operating entity. As a company is a part of a broader matrix of business systems
composed of customers, suppliers, products and global information, it leads to
integration along different axes, namely geographical and functional. Its main
objective is streamlining the process of manufacturing and integrating it with all
the other business functions such as financing, marketing and accounting. To
eliminate the wastage, basic manufacturing functions as well as materials handling
and inventory control can be simulated by computers. Nowadays there are many
simulation softwares available. The elements of CIM system include
manufacturing planning and control, manufacturing engineering, manufacturing
processes and indirect elements such as sales order processing and finance and
accounting. Manufacturing planning and control includes shop floor control,
inventory control etc, Manufacturing engineering includes CAD/CAM, CAPP etc;
Manufacturing process includes robots, material handling systems etc.

Computer Aided Manufacturing: This is the component of the CIM that directly

deals with manufacturing operations. The computer systems are used by the
manufacturers because they are accurate and also easily adaptable. They also
provide easy access to data storage and cost effective, high quality production.
CAM makes use of the computer based software tools to assist the engineers for
manufacturing or prototyping the product components.

 Computer helps to compute how long a machine will work and what would
be the amount of production that the machine will give by that time.
 During the manufacturing there are automatic system which can identify the
fault in process and can guide to solve the problems
Computer Aided Process Planning : As process planning involves determining
sequence of individual manufacturing operations needed to produce a given part or
product, CAPP must be capable of understanding and analyzing the characteristics
of the part of a product, possessing multiple knowledge about the tools and their
characteristics, possess the capability of analyzing the inter dependencies between
the part, the process involved, quality of the product and cost of the product.

Overall Process Monitoring & Managing : 

Process monitoring is one of the most important part of synchronization of the
process. In the textile industry, some of the complex activities such as process
monitoring, management and planning makes used of knowledge based expert
system, where human experts are scarce.

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): ERP is the latest high-end solution

provided by information technology for business application. Globalization has led
to increase in competition and quality awareness and therefore it has become very
important for the textile industry of Bangladesh to integrate itself with information
technology to survive. To sustain competitive advantage, companies must re-
examine and fine-tune their business processes to deliver high quality goods at
very low costs. ERP is an integrated system that allows information to enter at a
single point in process & updates a single shared database for all functions that
directly or indirectly depend on this information. ERP solutions came into
existence in corporate world due to various problems faced in Management
Information System (MIS), Integrated Information System (IIS), Executive
Information System (EIS), Corporate Information System (CIS), Enterprise Wide
System (EWS), and Material Requirement Planning (MRP), Manufacturing
Resource Planning (MRP II). This paper deals with the functions of ERP,
Necessity and benefits of ERP system. Challenges of aligning ERP with textile
processes, taxonomy of textile ERP system, Development of ERP system, Existing
ERP systems, ERP system providers, ERP system Implementation, simply to
 understand - ERP system organizes all of the companies information into one
centralized system, which is always available.

ERP Plan
Through ERP in Wet Process We can make a synchronized relations between the
production floor for monitoring and inventories, fabrics,dyes that are consumed
and wasted and also the market conditions.

The technology trends that will drive textile designing include:

1. Computer aided design (CAD) or Computer aided manufacturing (CAM)

2. Shape-memory applications in textile design
3. 3D printing in textile design
1. Computer-aided design (CAD) in textile design:
Computer-aided design (CAD) has brought a revolution in the textile designing.
Textile designer become benefited from CAD to visualize and see their
imaginative design in final form without producing any sample swatch. Customers
can also give ideas for designing according to their particular requirement.

With the increasing convergence of technologies, CAD/CAM will continue to

evolve into an integrated environment that drives the entire company. No longer
serving just design or production functions within the company, CAD/CAM will
become an integral part of the company ‘intranet’, – feeding sourcing,
merchandising and marketing processes that support the entire enterprise.
 Fig: Uses of CAD in Textile Designing
Other applications of CAD/CAM in textile designing includes: 
 
a. Modularization:
Proprietary software packages will give way to modular plug-ins-software
solutions that are narrow in focus and designed to easily integrate with existing
custom or off-the-shelf software. 
 
b. 3D body scanning:
3D laser scanning interpreted into accurate 2D flat patterns will become a viable
entity in the industry. This technology will enable a proper fit of a garment and
will fuel the end of mass production and excessive retail inventories. In their
second generation, body scanners will be combined with video display and will
enable the customer to ‘tryon’ sized-to-fit virtual garments. 
 
c. Mass customization:
As we enter the technology age of mass customization, CAD/CAM technology
will become a driving force in the sales and marketing of apparel.

2. Shape-memory applications in textile design

Shape memory materials (SMM) are smart materials that can remember and
recover substantial programmed deformation upon activation and exposing to an
external stimulus. The concept of shape memory fabric in textile designing is new.
Shape-memory materials can be used for clothing, textile as yarn, fabric or fiber.
Shape-memory fibers can be implemented to develop smart textiles that respond to
thermal stimulus. Although It has some applications such as in brassieres and
flame retardant laminates. But it also has better potential for textile and clothing
and related products. These products are shoes, various breathable fabrics, thermal
insulating fabrics and crease, shrink-resistant finishes for apparel fabrics, etc.
These products can be made with finishing, coating, laminating, blending, and
other innovative structures.

3.3D printing in textile design

3D printing has its roots in the production of simple plastic prototypes. 3D
printing builds up three-dimensional objects, one layer at a time, following digital
designs loaded into their memories. 3D printing has revolutionary changed in
textile design. As the technology continues to grow, its limitations and costs will
gradually diminish. The idea of mass-customised design can become a reality with
the application of 3D printing, which can reduce the problem of size and fit.

Conclusions:
Latest technologies in textile designing that offer maximum flexibility and
guarantee the quality and consistency of the processes are needed for the industry
today. Some tools allow users to recreate an environment identical to their
traditional one. Some can produce markers only one to two percent less efficiently
than those of an experienced marker person. The key to the future is
compatibility. To maintain continuity and reduce problems, new systems should be
created that accommodate the old.