Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (Quadas)

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Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies

(QUADAS)

Appendix E lists the questions asked to conduct the quality assessment of the included studies
using the QUADAS tool.

Total QUADAS score range = 0 – 14

1. Was the spectrum of patients representative of the patients who will receive the test in practice?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

2. Were selection criteria clearly described?


• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

3. Is the reference standard and index test short enough to be reasonably sure that the target condition
did not change between the two tests?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

4. Is the time period between reference standard and index test short enough to be reasonably sure
that the target condition did not change between the two tests?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)
5. Did the whole sample or a random selection of the sample, receive verification using a reference
standard of diagnosis?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

6. Did patients receive the same reference standard regardless of the index test result?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

7. Was the reference standard independent of the index test (i.e. the index test did not form part of
the reference standard)?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

8. Was the execution of the index test described in sufficient detail to permit replication of the test?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

9. Was the execution of the reference standard described in sufficient detail to permit its replication?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

10. Were the index test results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the reference standard?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

11. Were the reference standard results interpreted without knowledge of the results of the index test?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

12. Were the same clinical data available when test results were interpreted as would be available
when the test is used in practice?
• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

13. Were uninterpretable/ intermediate test results reported?


• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

14. Were withdrawals from the study explained?


• Yes (score = 1)
• No (score = 0)
• Unclear (score = 0)

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