Operation Manual Ero - Scan: Screening and Diagnostic Version
Operation Manual Ero - Scan: Screening and Diagnostic Version
Operation Manual Ero - Scan: Screening and Diagnostic Version
ERO•SCAN®
Screening and Diagnostic Version
Operation Manual ERO•SCAN®
Table of Contents
Trademark Notice ................................................................
......................................................................................
...................................................... 4
1 Standards Compliance................................................................
..........................................................................
.......................................... 5
2 Warranty ................................................................
.............................................................................................
............................................................. 6
2.1 Intended Use ............................................................................... 6
2.2 Indications for Use ....................................................................... 6
3 Warnings, Cautions and Errors ..............................................................
.............................................................. 7
3.1 Status/Error Messages .................................................................. 9
4 Customer Responsibility................................
Responsibility................................................................
......................................................................
...................................... 11
5 Safety Precautions ................................................................
..............................................................................
.............................................. 12
5.1 Cautions - General ..................................................................... 12
5.2 Warning - Electric Shock Hazards................................................ 13
5.3 Warning - In Case of Emergency ................................................ 13
5.4 Warning - Explosion ................................................................... 13
5.5 Warning - Battery Safety ............................................................ 13
5.6 Warning - General ..................................................................... 13
6 Recycling/Disposal ................................................................
..............................................................................
.............................................. 14
7 Regulatory Symbols ................................................................
............................................................................
............................................ 15
8 Introduction
Introduction................................
uction................................................................
.......................................................................................
....................................................... 17
8.1 How Does the ERO•SCAN® Device Work? .................................. 17
8.2 How are the Results Stored and Reported? ................................. 18
8.3 Sensitivity and Specificity ............................................................ 18
9 Setup ................................................................
................................................................................................
................................................................ 19
9.1 Unpacking the System ................................................................ 19
9.2 Battery Charging........................................................................ 19
9.3 Installing the Micro-Probe........................................................... 20
9.4 Attaching Eartips ....................................................................... 21
9.5 Removing Eartips ....................................................................... 21
10 Operating Instructions ................................................................
........................................................................
........................................ 22
10.1 Preparing the Patient for Testing ................................................ 22
10.2 Turning On the Instrument ......................................................... 22
10.3 Control Panel ............................................................................. 22
10.4 Main Menu ................................................................................ 23
10.5 Selecting the Test Protocol ......................................................... 23
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MAICO Diagnostics
10393 West 70th Street
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Tel.: 888.941.4201
Fax: 952.903.4100
E-mail: info@maico-diagnostics.com
Internet: www.maico-diagnostics.com
Copyright © 2015
2015 MAICO Diagnostics
Diagnostics
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form
or by any means without the prior written permission of MAICO. The information in this
publication is proprietary to MAICO.
Compliance
Trademark Notice
ERO•SCAN® is a U.S. registered trademark of Etymotic Research, Inc.
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1 Standards Compliance
Issue
Standard Date Title
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2 Warranty
MAICO Diagnostics warrants that this product is free from defects in material and
workmanship and, when properly used, will perform in accordance with applicable
specifications. If this instrument does not meet these criteria within one year of original
shipment, it will be repaired, or at our option, replaced at no charge when returned to our
service facility.
NOTE: Changes in the product not approved by MAICO Diagnostics shall void this warranty.
MAICO Diagnostics shall not be liable for any indirect, special or consequential damages,
even if notice has been given of the possibility of such damages.
For assistance with this ERO•SCAN® Otoacoustic Emission Test System contact your Special
Equipment Distributor or contact MAICO Diagnostics by phone at 888.941.4201 or by fax
at 952.903.4100.
Otoacoustic emissions are low level audio-frequency sounds that are produced by the
cochlea as part of the normal-hearing process. Available evidence suggests that otoacoustic
emissions are generated by the cochlea’s outer hair cells and that the presence of OAEs is
an indication that the outer hair cells are viable. Clinical evidence indicates that these
emissions normally occur with normal hearing, or at most, mild hearing loss (usually 30-40
dB HL). The majority of hearing-impaired individuals will be identified by a simple OAE test.
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NOTE: Notes help you identify areas of possible confusion and avoid potential problems
during system operation.
CAUTION
US federal law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a
physician or licensed hearing care professional.
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NOISE / Orange The indicator labeled ‘NOISE’ provides a visual indication (AMBER) that the
noise level measured during the test exceeds a nominal threshold.
Also used to indicate some error conditions and when the outcome of test is
REFER, NOISY, or NO SEAL.
TEST / Yellow The indicator labeled ‘TEST’ provides a visual indication (YELLOW) that the
selected test is being performed. This indicator will remain on steady state
during the test function.
READY / Green The indicator labeled ‘READY’ lets the user know that the instrument is not
currently performing a test function and that it is available to perform a test
function.
CHARGE / Blue The indicator labeled ‘CHARGE’ provides a visual indication (BLUE) of the
battery recharging function and battery status. The rate of illumination of the
indicator provides a means of identifying the status of the charging function.
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4 Customer Responsibility
WARNING
This product and its components will perform reliably only when
operated and maintained in accordance with the instructions
contained in this manual, accompanying labels, and/or inserts. A
defective product should not be used. Make sure all connections to
external accessories are snug and secured properly. Parts which may
be broken or missing or are visibly worn, distorted, or contaminated
should be replaced immediately with clean, genuine replacement
parts manufactured by or available from MAICO.
This product should not be used in the presence of fluid that can
come into contact with any of the electronic components or wiring.
Should the user suspect fluids have contacted the system
components or accessories, the unit should not be used until
deemed safe by a MAICO certified service technician.
CAUTION Use and store the instrument indoors only. It is recommended that
the instrument be operated within an ambient temperature range
of 15 °C to 35 °C / 59 °F to 95 °F and in relative humidity between
30 % and 90 % (non-condensing).
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5 Safety Precautions
The following safety precautions must be observed at all times. General safety precautions
must be followed when operating electrical equipment. Failure to observe these precautions
could result in damage to the equipment and injury to the operator or patient.
The employer should instruct each employee in the recognition and avoidance of unsafe
conditions and the regulations applicable to his or her work environment to control or
eliminate any hazards or other exposure to illness or injury.
It is understood that safety rules within individual organizations vary. If a conflict exists
between the material contained in this manual and the rules of the organization using this
instrument, the more stringent rules should take precedence.
The ERO•SCAN® is intended to be used by hearing healthcare professionals (i.e. ENT doctors,
audiologists) and/or technicians, neonatal nurses and school nurses who have been trained
by a hearing healthcare professional.
CAUTION
If the system is not functioning properly, do not operate it until all
necessary repairs are made and the unit is tested and calibrated for
proper functioning in accordance with MAICO published
specifications.
Use only the disposable eartips designed for use with this
instrument.
Never insert the probe tube into the ear canal without affixing an
eartip.
The eartips are disposable and for single patient use only. Do not
clean or reuse eartips.
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Do not touch the contacts on the bottom of the instrument and the
patient at the same time.
Do not connect the instrument to the patient and the PC at the same
time.
WARNING
This system is not explosion proof. Do not use in the presence of
flammable anesthetics or other gases.
WARNING
This instrument contains a rechargeable lithium-ion battery. The battery
is not user replaceable and must be returned to an authorized MAICO
service location for repair.
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6 Recycling/Disposal
Many local laws and regulations require special procedures to recycle or dispose of
electrical equipment-related waste including batteries, printed circuit boards,
electronic components, wiring and other elements of electronic devices. Follow all
your respective local laws and regulations for the proper disposal of batteries and
any other parts of this system.
Below is the contact address for proper return or disposal of electronic wastes relating to
MAICO products in North and South America.
MAICO Diagnostics
10393 West 70th Street
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Tel.: 888.941.4201
Fax: 952.903.4100
E-mail: info@maico-diagnostics.com
Internet: www.maico-diagnostics.com
WARNING
Batteries may explode or cause burns, if disassembled, crushed or
exposed to fire or high temperatures.
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7 Regulatory Symbols
Symbol IEC Pub. Description
Logo
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8 Introduction
The purpose of the ERO•SCAN® test system is to provide a rapid measurement and
documentation of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs) or Transient Evoked
Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) at several frequencies.
The ERO•SCAN® is available as a Screening or Diagnostic version. Please see chapter 18 and
19 for further information.
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9 Setup
9.1 Unpacking the System
The following is a list of parts shipped with each ERO•SCAN® system:
• ERO•SCAN® Instrument
• Micro-Probe
• Box of Single Use Eartips
• Package of Probe Tubes
• Eartip Removal Tool
• Micro-USB Power Supply for Charging the Lithium-Ion Battery
• Operating Instructions
• PC Database Software with Manual
• Micro B to A USB Cable for PC Communication/Charging
• Protective Carrying Case
Optional:
• Printer
• Printer Power Supply for Charging Printer
• Thermal Printer Paper Roll
If any of these parts are missing, contact your special equipment distributor or MAICO
Diagnostics at 888.941.4201. We recommend that you save the shipping box and packing
materials in case you need to store or ship the system.
NOTE:
• Battery life will vary depending on each product configuration.
• The maximum capacity of this battery will decrease with time and usage.
• For maximum battery life, do not completely deplete the battery, but charge when 5-10
% of the battery remains.
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NOTE:
NOTE: Misalignment of the plug and socket can cause damage.
The plug and socket should be visually inspected prior to each
Figure 2
installation of the charging cable. If damage is observed, contact
MAICO Diagnostics.
NOTE:
NOTE: Misalignment of the plug and socket can cause damage.
The plug and socket should be visually inspected prior to each
Figure 4
installation of the remote probe. If damage is observed, contact
MAICO Diagnostics.
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10 Operating Instructions
10.1 Preparing the Patient for Testing
Otoscopic examination of the patient’s ear canals should be performed prior to testing.
Excessive cerumen or vernix in the ear canals may interfere with the test and give invalid or
incomplete results. Patients with excessive cerumen, debris, or foreign bodies in the ear canals
should be referred to a qualified professional for removal of the blockage prior to testing.
Place the patient in a position that will allow easy access to the ear canal. Use the shirt clip on
the remote probe to secure the probe to clothing or bedding. The patient should remain still
and quiet while the test is being performed.
If the battery is sufficiently charged, the ERO•SCAN® will power on and automatically check
the date and time. If there are no date/time errors detected, the Main Menu (Display 2, page
23) will appear on the display.
If this is the first time the ERO•SCAN® is being used, or if you wish to change the date or
time, see the section Clock and Date Settings, Chapter 16. If a time/date error message is
indicated, follow the instructions in this section to set the correct date and time.
NOTE: The UP key will always bring the instrument back to
either the previous menu or the main menu. The UP key will
also access the print command from the Main Menu.
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Selected Protocol
Save Mode
and Test #
Change Protocol
and Settings
NOTE:
NOTE: Screener default protocols cannot be customized.
Diagnostic protocols are customizable.
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NOTE:
NOTE: To test children with PE tubes, the AutoStart needs to be
disabled. This is accomplished by first inserting the probe with
appropriate ear tip into the ear canal and obtaining a proper seal.
To disable AutoStart at the main menu select the ear to be tested
by holding down the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys for 3 seconds
Display 7
until the green ‘TEST’ light turns off. Once the key is released,
the ERO•SCAN® will calibrate and test as before.
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Following calibration of the test tones, the test phase will begin
automatically. During the test phase, a set of bars should appear
Display 8 on the display (Display 8). These are the test results which are
displayed as the emissions are measured and can be reviewed
after the test is complete. Each column represents one test
frequency (DP) or frequency band (TE).
The ERO•SCAN® allows the user to select from two options for
viewing the results. The (SNR) graph view (Display 8) shows the
signal-to-noise ratio for each DP test frequency or TE test band.
The Value graph view (Display 9) shows the absolute emission
Display 9 and noise levels for each DP test frequency or TE test band. For
additional information review the section 13 Interpreting Results
on page 36.
NOTE: The UP arrow key can be used to abort a test in progress.
No record of an aborted test will be saved in memory.
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When the test result is “NOISY,” “NO SEAL,” or “FIT ERR” the tester should reposition the
probe, selecting a different size eartip if necessary, and retest. If the test result is “REFER” the
tester can determine from the printout whether the test should be repeated. To review the
results, push the DOWN arrow key to return to the graph. After reviewing the results, push
the UP arrow key to return to the Main Menu (Display 2, page 23).
NOTE: Completed tests are automatically saved. By default (Save L/R Mode), the ERO•SCAN®
instrument will save only the last test for each ear. Starting a new test for the same ear will
overwrite the existing test.
NOTE: Once the review screen is exited, results are no longer viewable within the device.
Printing or transferring to the PC is required for continued viewing options.
See the next section Managing Results on page 28 for more information on how the
ERO•SCAN® saves results.
See the section Instrument Settings - Save Mode on page 44 for more information on the
ERO•SCAN® save mode options.
When testing an infant with the ERO•SCAN® instrument, the infant has to be relatively quiet
and calm; it is usually preferred for the infant to be asleep. A pacifier may be used to calm
the infant, however, sucking will add noise to the test and decrease the likelihood of a passing
result. Pull gently down and back on the pinna to straighten out the ear canal. Gently place
the probe tube into the infant’s ear canal.
When testing children and adults, pull gently up and back on the outer ear during insertion
to straighten the ear canal and ensure proper placement.
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The largest source of noise can come from the patient. This is biological noise, such as
movement, coughing, sucking, talking, etc. The patient must be calm and not move or talk.
Ambient noise in the testing environment can also be a large source of noise during the test.
A properly sealed eartip can block a large amount of this noise, but performing the testing in
a relatively quiet environment is recommended.
NOTE: The UP arrow can be used to manually power off the instrument.
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11 Managing Results
Users have the option of printing to the thermal printer or transferring results to the PC. Each
ERO•SCAN® system will include one or more of these options. Your specific options will vary
depending on the configuration of the system purchased.
NOTE: Users are strongly encouraged to print/transfer all test results at the completion of
testing to avoid potential loss of data.
When operating in the default "Save L/R mode, the ERO•SCAN® instrument will save the
Save L/R"
most recent test results for each ear and print/transfer only these results. This allows the user
to retest a patient after a “REFER” result and to print/transfer only the most recent test result
for each ear. It is recommended that the results be printed after each patient in the default
mode.
When operating in the "Save 250 mode, the ERO•SCAN® will save up to 250 tests. There
Save 250"
are two options in the Save 250 mode:
1. The ERO•SCAN® will automatically number each test from 1 to 250. This allows the
user to save all tests for each patient (tests of the same ear are NOT overwritten) and to
test multiple patients before printing or transferring results. In this mode, it is important
to keep a record of the test number(s) for each patient.
2. The ERO•SCAN® Database Software is used to transfer patient names to the
ERO•SCAN® and the ERO•SCAN® will display the names. When patient names are used
(patient names are uploaded from the ERO•SCAN® Database Software to the
ERO•SCAN® unit) the patient names are displayed on the ERO•SCAN® Unit in
alphabetical order. To move to a different name than the one displayed on the
ERO•SCAN® screen, use the LEFT or RIGHT arrows to cycle through the names until
the desired name is on the display. A patient named “Unnamed” is always included at
the beginning of the ERO•SCAN® list for instances when a patient is being tested but
the patient name was not transferred to the ERO•SCAN®. The “Unnamed” selection
can be used multiple times when transferring to the Database Software.
See Instrument Settings - Save Mode on page 44 for information on changing the save mode
settings.
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NOTE: Following printing or data transfer to the PC software, all tests saved in memory are
marked for deletion and will be permanently deleted when a new test is started. It is not
necessary to manually clear the results.
Data can be deleted in the ERO•SCAN® from the Database Software when the device is
connected to the PC and ERO•SCAN® Database Software is opened. When Names is selected,
the window allows data to be deleted via the Clear Instrument button. See the ERO•SCAN®
Database Software Manual for further instruction.
11.3 Printing to a Thermal Printer
Printer
Printing to an optional thermal printer is by way of wireless
connection. First establish wireless pairing between the
ERO•SCAN® instrument and the printer by following the
instructions in the section Instrument Settings - Wireless Pairing
on page 42.
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USB Connection:
Plug the correct end (USB-A) of the cable into an available USB port on the computer and
the correct end (Micro-USB) of the cable into the port found on the bottom of the
ERO•SCAN® instrument.
The ERO•SCAN® instrument will detect the connection to the PC and wait for an action or
communication from the PC database software.
Wireless Connection:
Refer to the ERO•SCAN® Database Software Manual for connection via wireless connection.
NOTE: See the ERO•SCAN® Database Software Manual for instructions on using the
application.
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USB Connection:
Plug the correct end (USB-A) of the cable into an available USB port on the computer and
the correct end (Micro-USB) of the cable into the port found on the bottom of the
ERO•SCAN® instrument.
The ERO•SCAN® instrument will detect the connection to the PC. Printing will immediately
take place, to the printing configuration in the software, once the software is opened.
NOTE: See the ERO•SCAN® Database Software Manual for instructions on using the
application.
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General information
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12.1 Operation
Paper loading:
Open the lid by pushing on the sides, insert paper roll as shown,
and close the lid (Figure 10).
Figure 10
Figure 11
Power on:
Push POWER BUTTON for two seconds in order to power ON
or OFF.
One short beep will be heard at power ON, two short beeps at
power OFF.
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Indicators:
Off -
On Charging Power Off
Self-
Self-test:
While printer is powered OFF, press and hold PAPER FEED
button, then press and hold POWER BUTTON
simultaneously. When beep is heard after approx. 3 seconds,
release both buttons, and a test page will print with information
on current status and character samples.
Paper feed:
When powered press PAPER FEED button. Paper will feed as
long as the button is pressed.
Wireless setup:
Pairing with the instrument is necessary before printing via
wireless connection is possible.
Pairing process:
Power on printer
• Enter Setup
• Select Wireless Pairing Menu
• Select DISCOVER
• Scroll through paired devices to find printer
• Select PAIR
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Print mode:
• Thermal line dot print
• Printing width: 48 mm (1.9 in.)
• Resolution: 8 dots/mm (203 dots per
in. (dpi))
• Dots per line: 384 dots
Figure 13
Thermal paper:
• Paper width = 56mm +/- 1 mm (2.2 in.
Physical properties:
+/- 0.04 in.) max. 40 mm (1.6 in.)
• Size: 102 mm x 75 mm x 45 mm (4.02 in.
diameter
x 2.95 in. x 1.77 in.) (W x L x H)
Battery pack: • Weight: 205 g including battery, without
paper
• 2-cell Li-Ion battery pack 7.4 V-1500
mAh
Environmental specifications:
Power supply / charger: • Operational temperature range: -10 °C to
+50 °C (+14 °F to +122 °F)
• 12 V/1 A UE15WCP1-120125SPA
• Operational humidity range: 20 % to
• Maximum current consumption 0.5 A
85 %
(see also Figure 13)
• Storage temperature range: -20 °C to
+70 °C (-4 °F to +158 °F)
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13 Interpreting Results
13.1 Understanding the Display
The display on the ERO•SCAN® test instrument will indicate the results of the test with a
graphic display. The display will be generated and shown during the test and can be reviewed
after the test is complete. The display might differ depending on the settings used for the
test.
Frequency
Figure 14
The display above shows a 6-column graph (Figure 14). Each frequency (DPOAEs) or frequency
band (TEOAEs) is indicated by one column.
The ERO•SCAN® allows the user to select from two options for viewing the results. The SNR
graph view shows the signal-to-noise ratio for each DP test frequency or TE test band. The
Value graph view shows the absolute emission and noise levels for each DP test frequency or
TE test band.
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Display 14 shows the Value graph view for right ear. Red circle
symbols represent the absolute emission levels at each DP test
frequency or TE frequency band. For the left ear, dark blue “X”
symbols will represent the absolute emission levels at each DP
test frequency or TE frequency band. White upside-down
triangles (i.e. ) represent the noise floor at each DP test
Display 14 frequency or TE frequency band.
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The information, as specified in section 14.1 and 14.2, is included on the thermal printouts.
For instruction on the other printing options review the Database Software Manual.
1) Manufacture Logo
2) The software version number (e.g.: V105.05)
3) The time and date of the test, based on the setting of the
internal clock; if the clock is set correctly, this time and
date will be correct
4) The test number (if operating in “Save 250” mode)
(e.g.:001)
5) The protocol selected (e.g.: DP 2.0 - 5.0)
6) The averaging time used for this test (e.g.: 4 sec avg.)
7) Instrument/Probe serial number (SN)
8) The ear selected (Right or Left)
9) A PASS/REFER indication if there is a criterion set for the
selected protocol
10) Graphic display of results (SNR or Value graph, review
Chapter 13, Interpreting Results for more information)
11) Printout notification when Minimum Amplitude is ‘On’
(e.g.: MIN*)
12) The f2 frequency in kHz (e.g.: 2.0, 3,0, 4.0, 5.0)
Figure 15 13) SPL of presented tones (L1, L2)
14) The level of the emission in dB SPL (DP)
15) The noise floor in dB SPL (NF)
16) The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = DP – NF
17) A “P” indicates that the frequency passed based on the
criterion settings within the selected protocol
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1) Manufacture Logo
2) The software version number (e.g.: V105.05)
3) The time and date of the test, based on the setting of the
internal clock; if the clock is set correctly, this time and
date will be correct
4) The test number (if operating in “Save 250” mode)
(e.g.:001)
5) The protocol selected (e.g.: TE 64s)
6) The test time used to complete the test (e.g.: 4 sec avg.)
7) Instrument/Probe serial number (SN)
8) The ear selected (Right or Left)
9) A PASS/REFER indication if there is a criterion set for the
selected protocol
10) Graphic display of results (SNR or Value graph, review
Chapter 13, Interpreting Results for more information
11) Printout notification when Minimum Amplitude is ‘on’
12) The frequency band center (F)
Figure 16
13) SPL peak equivalent of presented click (L)
14) The level of the emission in dB SPL (TE)
15) The noise floor in dB SPL (NF)
16) The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) = TE – NF
17) A “P” indicates that the frequency passed based on the
criterion settings within the selected protocol
Figure 17
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15 Rounding Results
The user needs to be aware that the SNR and single PASS criteria are calculated from the full
internal precision of the instrument, and not from the values shown in the printout for the
emission (TE) and noise floor (NF) estimates.
This approach is used to preserve the full precision of the test results, but can result in some
apparent errors in the printout due to the effects of rounding. In the printout example above,
assume the actual values at 1.5 kHz were TE = 4.5 dB, NF = -0.4 dB, which results in SNR =
4.9 dB. The printout values are rounded up to the nearest integer and are shown as TE = 5,
NF = 0, and SNR = 5. This can result in what appears to be an error with regard to the pass
criterion. If the pass criterion is 5 dB while the actual SNR = 4.9, the printed value will be 5,
but a “P” will NOT be printed.
Again, the pass/refer criterion is based on the full precision of the results, and not the rounded
values that are printed. The full precision value for the SNR must be equal to or greater than
the pass criterion (5 dB in this example) for the “P” to be printed. A similar apparent problem
can occur in which the printed SNR value appears to be incorrect. If the actual values were TE
= 4.5 dB, NF = 0.4 dB, resulting in SNR = 4.1 dB, the printed values would be TE = 5 dB, NF
= 0, SNR = 4. The printed SN value of 4 dB appears to be an error, but is in fact correct.
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To change the time and date press CHANGE at the main menu
(Display 2, page 23) and then press SETUP at the protocol
selection display (Display 3, page 23). The current date and time
presently set in the unit will be shown (Display 15). If the time
and date are correct, press the UP key to escape back to the
main menu.
Display 15 NOTE: When a Teal arrow is displayed for a DOWN arrow, this
represents an alternative menu is available. To access, hold the
DOWN arrow for 3 seconds until the ‘READY’ light (green LED)
turns off and release the key.
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17 Instrument Settings
The ERO•SCAN® instrument allows the user to change many of the instrument's settings or
functions. These settings include Wireless Device Pairing, Clearing Test Results, Auto
Shutdown Time, Minimum Amplitude Value, Save Mode, Clock Mode, Language, and Reset
to Default Settings.
To access the menus to change these functions, press CHANGE at the main menu (Display
2, page 23) and then press SETUP at the Protocol Change (Display 3, page 23) to enter the
Clock menu (Display 17, page 41). At the Clock menu, hold down the CHANGE key for 3
seconds until the ‘READY’ light (green LED) turns off and release the key.
The wireless pairing menu (Display 18) allows the user to pair
the ERO•SCAN® unit with a wireless device, such as a thermal
printer or personal computer, for printing test results and data
transfer.
The ERO•SCAN® unit can be paired with only one device at any
time. To establish a wireless pairing, turn on the device that will
Display 18 be paired with the ERO•SCAN® unit (e.g.: thermal printer). Then
select DISCOVER to initiate discovery of available wireless
devices. The ERO•SCAN® will search for available wireless devices
for approximately 15 seconds. During this time the user will see
the message "Please Wait" on the display and the yellow ‘TEST’
LED will flash. Discovery can be canceled by pressing the
CANCEL button.
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When pairing to a computer for use with the Database Manager Software, confirm the
computer has wireless connectivity availability or a dongle will be required. Confirm the
wireless settings of the computer (See Figure 18).
Select the wireless pairing Menu (Display 18, page 42) and press DISCOVER to start the
pairing process. When the computer is seen on the device, select PAIR. While the device
is pairing to the computer a notification will display on your computer “Add a device“.
Select this notification on your computer and enter PIN 1234. Once paired, the instrument
will show Display 20 on page 42. The first time the ERO•SCAN® Database Manager
Software is opened, select ‘Detect Com Port’ to finalize the ERO•SCAN® connection.
The Test Results Clear menu (Display 21) allows the user to clear
the test results stored in the unit without printing them. Select
the LEFT or RIGHT arrow key to clear the results and select
Yes or No to verify clearing or to cancel. To advance to the
next menu without clearing the results, press NEXT.
The Power Off menu (Display 22) refers to the Auto Shutdown
time which controls how long the ERO•SCAN® instrument waits
before shutting itself off after a period of inactivity. It is not
necessary to manually turn off the ERO•SCAN® unit. The
Automatic Shutdown feature is designed to prolong the battery
life of the instrument when it is not in use. By default, the
Display 22 instrument automatically shuts off after 1 minute has elapsed.
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There are two options in the Save 250 mode (Display 24):
Display 23 1. The ERO•SCAN® will automatically number each test from
1 to 250.
2. The ERO•SCAN® Database Software is used to transfer
patient names to the ERO•SCAN® and the ERO•SCAN®
will display the names. Up to 50 names can be stored in
the device and 250 tests.
When numbers are used (no patient names are uploaded from
the ERO•SCAN® Database Software to the ERO•SCAN®), each
Display 24 test is automatically incremented, starting with test number 1
and displayed in the top left corner of the screen.
NOTE: The main screen (Display 2, page 23) identifies the Save
Mode stored in the device by the representation of 000/002 for
L/R or 000/250 for Save 250 mode.
When patient names are used (patient names are uploaded from the ERO•SCAN® Database
Software to the ERO•SCAN® unit) the patient names are displayed on the ERO•SCAN® Unit
in alphabetical order. To move to a different name than the one displayed on the
ERO•SCAN® screen, use the left or right arrows to cycle through the names until the desired
name is on the display. A patient named “Unnamed” is always included at the beginning
of the ERO•SCAN® list for instances when a patient is being tested but the patient name
was not transferred to the ERO•SCAN®.
It is recommended that you go to the Test Results Clear screen (Display 21, page 43) to clear
any previous memory locations after you changed the Save Mode setting.
NOTE: When using the 250 test mode, it is important to keep a record of the test number
for each patient. When 245 tests have been saved, the user will be warned that the memory
is almost full. When the ERO•SCAN® unit reaches 250 saved tests, it will not allow any
further testing. At this point either the results must be printed, transferred to the PC
software, or they must be cleared from memory.
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Display 26
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The Boys Town Norms template is explained in the following window. Users should refer to
the reference article for additional information (Figure 19).
Figure 19
17.9 Language
The Language setting (Display 29) allows the user to select
among several languages. To change the language, press the
CHANGE keys until the desired language is shown. Press
NEXT to exit this menu.
Display 29
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The Reset to Default menu (Display 30) will return all instrument
settings and protocol settings to their original factory defaults.
Select the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys to reset and select YES
or NO to verify reset. To exit the System menu without resetting
the instrument, press NEXT to return to the Main Menu.
Display 30
NOTE: This will un-pair the wireless device, clear the test results,
and reset ALL system and protocol settings.
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The Advanced Options menu permit modification of the test parameters and pass criterion
for the customizable DP protocols. Changes to the protocol should be made only by qualified
personnel, usually the administrator. If you are not familiar with the use of these variables, do
not attempt to change the protocols. Changes to any of these characteristics may yield test
results that differ from those obtained in other test modes.
The ERO•SCAN® instrument comes with pre-programmed protocol settings. See Appendix D
for the manufacturer settings of these protocols. Test protocol changes are saved in the non-
volatile memory so the settings will be retained even when the battery is discharged
temporarily.
Display 31
You will now see the Level L1 screen (Display 32, page 49). You are in the DPOAE menu and
will be able to scroll the available protocol parameters with the NEXT button and make
changes by using the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys to CHANGE the selection.
NOTE: If you push the DOWN arrow key without holding it for 3 seconds, you will scroll
through date and time, etc., rather than accessing the custom protocol menus.
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Display 32
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NOTE:
NOTE: Diagnostic protocols display the SNR graph with purple
bars. Once the “Number of Frequencies for PASS” is set above
zero, green bars display to identify this setting.
NOTE:
NOTE This does not affect the instrument settings or the settings
Display 36 of any other protocol.
Once all of the settings have been selected for the protocol, these
settings can be saved by selecting the SAVE keys (Display 37).
Press the DONE key to exit.
Selection of the DONE before saving will not save the selection
Display 37
made to the protocol.
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The Advanced Options menu permits modification of the test stimuli and measurement values
for the TE Custom Protocol. Changes to the protocol should be made only by qualified
personnel, usually the administrator. If you are not familiar with the use of these variables, do
not attempt to change the protocols. Changes to any of these characteristics may yield test
results that differ from those obtained in other test modes.
The ERO•SCAN® instrument comes with pre-programmed protocol settings. See Appendix D
for the manufacturer settings of these protocols. Test protocol changes are saved in the non-
volatile memory so the settings will be retained even when the battery is discharged
temporarily.
Display 38
You will now see the Averaging Time screen (Display 39, page 52). You are in the TEOAE
menu and will be able to scroll the available protocol parameters with the NEXT button
and make changes by using the LEFT or RIGHT arrow keys to CHANGE the selection.
NOTE: If you push the DOWN arrow key without holding it for 3 seconds, you will scroll
through date and time, etc., rather than accessing the custom menus.
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4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 seconds.
The instrument will automatically stop the test when the pass
criterion is met prior to the averaging time. Press the
CHANGE keys to select an option and the NEXT key to exit
(Display 39).
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NOTE:
NOTE This does not affect the instrument settings or the settings
Display 42 of any other protocol.
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This instrument is not designated as a ‘sterile’ device. Wiping with a clean cloth or towel and
a mild non alcohol-based disinfecting solution, provides a suitable form of cleaning and low-
level disinfection of the housing and probe exterior. Repeat this weekly, or as often as
conditions warrant, to prevent a build-up of grime from normal handling and use.
We believe low-level disinfection is appropriate for this type of instrument. This may not
conform to the infection control guidelines of the user’s facility. The disinfection materials
and procedures applied in the users’ facility may be more appropriate for their circumstances
than the methods outlined above (see cautions below). The frequency of cleaning and
disinfecting is dependent on the facility’s risk assessment, usage, and test environment.
CAUTION
• Do not immerse the instrument or probe in fluids or
attempt to sterilize the instrument or any of its
accessories.
• Do not allow any fluid to enter the device.
• Do not use autoclave sterilization.
• Do not use alcohol-based disinfectants.
• Take care not to put excessive pressure on the clear
display window or allow any utensil to puncture the
display window or control panel.
NOTE: Long-term exposure to any disinfecting agents has the potential to alter the material
properties of the plastic housing and labeling of the device.
Always follow the safety and disposal guidelines given by the manufacturer of cleaning and
disinfectant chemicals.
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20.2 Maintenance
This instrument requires no regular maintenance beyond routine cleaning and annual
calibration. The probe tube requires replacement only when it becomes clogged.
A defective product should not be used. Make sure all connections to external accessories are
snug and secured properly. Parts which may be broken or missing or are visibly worn, distorted
or contaminated should be replaced immediately with clean, genuine replacement parts
manufactured by or available from MAICO.
Equipment is not user repairable. Repairs and battery replacement must be performed by a
qualified service representative only.
To replace the probe tube, use the eartip to grasp the probe tube
(the clear plastic tube) and twist slightly while pulling the probe tube
straight out of the probe head (Figure 20).
Figure 20
Figure 21 NOTE: If the probe tube is re-used after it was removed from the
probe head once it will not sit as tight as before.
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21 Troubleshooting
Problem Solutions
Instrument does • The DOWN arrow must be pressed for a full second (the
not turn on Yellow ‘TEST’ LED will illuminate).
• Connect the charger as shown in Figure 2 on page 20. Confirm
that the blue "Charging" LED is illuminating in a slow blink
pattern. Wait at least 10 minutes and then attempt to turn on
the instrument
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists.
The test will not • Select a different sized eartip.
start • Reposition the probe.
• Change the probe tube.
• Verify that the eartip is sealed in the ear canal via feedback
from the PROBE CHECK screen.
• Check that the instrument will start in your own ear with the
proper eartip for testing yourself. If the test will not start or if
the AutoStart tones sound unusual, replace the probe tube.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists across
several patients.
The results will not • Check the printer status. Turn the printer on (wake from sleep
print mode) by pressing the large button.
• If the printer does not turn on, plug in the power supply to
charge the battery.
• Be sure the printer has paper.
• If paper comes out of the printer but there is no text on the
paper then the paper is in backwards.
• Press the large printer button twice rapidly to run demo print.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists.
Display is frozen • Press and hold the DOWN arrow button for 10 seconds to
and instrument force the instrument to power off. Powering the instrument
will not respond to back on again should reset/restore normal function.
button presses • Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists.
Numerical results • Dashes are displayed when there is excessive noise during that
show a line rather test frequency. Reduce the noise and retest.
than a number
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Message Solutions
Attach • Probe not detected. Check that the probe connector is fully
Probe seated in the socket.
• Disconnect and reconnect the probe.
• Cycle instrument power.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists.
BT Device • Paired to Printer:
Not Found o Check that the printer is turned on.
o Move closer to the printer.
o Recycle printer’s power (press Power button until all
lights are off, then press Power for steady green).
o Try again.
• Paired to PC Computer or wireless connectivity dongle:
o Check that the serial port is open. Establishing the serial
port is handled by the PC and/or the software, not by
the ERO•SCAN® instrument.
BT Error • Check BT device (printer or PC) status.
#xxx • Attempt to connect to BT device again.
• Contact MAICO if the problem persists.
BT Not • Printing has been attempted, but no BT device is paired with
Configured the ERO•SCAN® Instrument. Establish wireless pairing.
Device Not • The printer is not responding to queries from the instrument.
Responding Check printer status.
• Awaken printer from sleep mode.
• Charge printer battery if necessary.
Due for Service • Indicates calibration of instrument is recommended. Message
will appear upon the calibration due date set in the device.
Message appears during device startup once per day.
Fit Error • For a DP test, the desired level (L1 or L2) cannot be obtained
Cannot Obtain L within allowable limits. User should refit the probe and retry
the test.
• Replace the probe tube.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists across
several patients.
Fit Error • For a DP test, the level of the calibration tone is too high. User
Too High should refit the probe and retry the test.
• Replace the probe tube.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists across
several patients.
Fit Error • For a DP test, the level of the calibration tone is too low. User
Too Low should refit the probe and retry the test.
• Replace the probe tube.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists across
several patients.
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Message Solutions
Limit • Overflow error during the calculation of the DFTs for a DP test.
Error User should repeat the test.
• Cycle instrument power.
• Contact MAICO for service if the problem persists.
Memory almost full • Saved tests are within 5 tests of the maximum limit. Print or
transfer test result to avoid interruption in testing.
Memory Full! • The maximum saved test limit is reached. The user will need to
clear the memory before any additional tests can be
performed.
Power Low! • The battery charge level is too low for operation. The user must
charge the battery before additional tests can be performed.
Printer Error • Indicates a problem with the printer. Check the printer status.
• Reset the printer or cycle the printer power.
Printer Paper Out! • Replace the paper roll.
Time/Date Error • The clock is checked during power on to ensure it has not lost
time and been reset. In the case of clock reset, this message is
shown. The user should set the correct date/time.
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22 Specifications
MICRO-
MICRO-PROBE SPECIFICATIONS
Diagnostic version:
DPOAE: 1.5 kHz to 12.0 kHz
TEOAE: 0.7 kHz to 4.0 kHz
Connector: HDMI
INSTRUMENT SPECIFICATIONS
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ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS
Operating Temperature: 15 ° C to 35 ° C / 59 ° F to 95 ° F
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Appendix A: Flowcharts
A.1 Test Operation Flowchart
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NOTE DPOAE Menu and TEOAE Menu are not accessible in the ERO•SCAN® Screening
NOTE:
version.
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Immediately after the test button is pressed, the Probe Check phase of the test begins. Probe
Check phase checks both the quality and stability of the seal by measuring the response
obtained from a sequence of test tones. The stability of the seal is determined by comparing
the responses obtained over time. When the level of the response is within an acceptable
range and is stable over time, the unit proceeds to the calibration phase.
FOR DPOAE
The calibration phase automatically measures the response obtained from a sequence of
calibration tones and calculates the voltage needed to obtain the desired pressures. If the
desired peak pressure cannot be obtained, the unit will use the maximum voltage. A
successful calibration leads to the actual test phase.
The test phase consists of measuring the response obtained from the pairs of test frequencies
(f1, f2) applied to the receivers. Two receivers are used, with each receiver generating one
frequency in order to reduce intermodulation distortion. Frequency domain estimates of the
actual L1, L2, distortion (DP) and noise floor (NF) are obtained via the discrete Fourier
Transform, with a bin resolution of approximately 31 Hz. The NF estimate is obtained by
averaging the power in the 4 closest (+/-2) bins to the DP bin.
FOR TEOAE
The calibration phase automatically measures the peak pressure obtained from a sequence of
clicks and calculates the voltage required to obtain the target peak pressure. If the desired
peak pressure cannot be obtained, the unit will use the maximum voltage.
The test phase consists of measuring the response obtained from repeated sequences of clicks
applied to the receivers. The click sequence is 3-1-1-1 repeated twice. Signal and noise floor
estimates are obtained by adding/subtracting the two response sequences, respectively. The
energy of the signal and noise floor estimates in various frequency bands is obtained in real
time and displayed once per second. The average peak pressure of the stimulus is calculated
after completion of the test.
Artifact rejection is employed during the test phase to reduce the effect of transient noise
bursts by the use of an adaptive rejection threshold. The unit attempts to accept the quieter
sections of the test, while rejecting the noisier portions of the test. When the noise level is
approximately constant during the test, the instrument will tend to accept most of the data
in the test. However, as the level of the noise becomes more variable over time, the instrument
will attempt to accept the quieter portions of the recording. Noise estimates are obtained
approximately 32 times per second and a suitable threshold is estimated from the data. Data
segments with a noise floor above this threshold are rejected, which tends to lower the noise
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floor of the test. In order to reduce the possibility of obtaining an artificially low noise floor,
the minimum threshold level is limited.
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Extended measurements of the noise distributions in both the DPOAE filter channel “DP
level” and the rms average of the 4 adjacent channels “N level” indicate that the signal-to-
noise ratio (the difference between DP and N) has a standard deviation of 5.5 dB. As shown
in Diagram 1 (page 66), this implies a 10 % probability of seeing a 7 dB SNR simply from
the variability of the noise levels in the 2 filter sets.
Requiring an SNR of 6 dB in three out of four frequencies drops the probability of passing an
ear with significant hearing loss to 1 % or less.
NOTE:
NOTE: By the binomial distribution, two of three frequencies at >8.4 dB or three of six
frequencies at >7 dB should also ensure less than 1 % probability of passing a moderately-
severe hearing-impaired infant.
Preliminary ERO•SCAN® trials with infants indicate that the tester’s technique is the single
most important variable in the pass rate on normal-hearing infants. Some testers pick up the
technique (see Operating Instructions section, page 22) with only a couple of day’s practice,
producing pass rates comparable to those for other DPOAE equipment they have used for
months; other testers take longer.
Occasional claims of extraordinarily low probabilities of missing an ear with hearing loss
appear to be based on poor statistics. As discussed by Gorga (Mayo Clinic Teleconference,
1998), since the incidence of significant hearing loss is roughly 2 per 1,000, verifying a 99.7
% accuracy would require testing hundreds of thousands of babies with a given system. Thus
to demonstrate that only 3 babies out of 1,000 with hearing loss were missed would require
follow-up testing on 500,000 babies. To our knowledge, no one has performed such tests to
date.
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Diagram 1
NOTE:
NOTE The SNR limits for transients are lower than the corresponding limits for distortion
products primarily because the traditional noise calculation used in TEOAE measurements (and
in the ERO•SCAN® instrument) gives a 3 dB lower SNR than the calculation used for DPOAEs.
Without that difference, the numerical SNR value for a PASS with the two methods would be
quite similar.
The ERO•SCAN® uses a novel noise-rejection algorithm (patent pending) that permits
accurate DPOAE and TEOAE measurements in background noise and babble as high as 55 dB
SPL to 65 dB SPL (A-weighted). Briefly explained, use of available memory in the ERO•SCAN®
processor permits a post-hoc statistical analysis that identifies those samples whose retention
would improve the overall accuracy. Those samples are included in the final analysis; the
noisier samples are rejected.
The improved operation in noise with the new algorithm was so substantial that we
conducted a complete replica of our original validation tests in "fully impaired ear" cavities
and were able to verify that no increase in false negatives (false passes) was introduced. Under
no test conditions was any such degradation uncovered.
The artifact rejection can only reject the noisiest samples in a measurement period. If the
ambient noise level rises too high (and/or the eartip seal is poor), then all samples will be noisy
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and accurate measurements will be impossible, in which case the test result will indicate
“noisy”.
Diagram 2
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TEOAE Protocols
#
# of Passing
Freq. Freq. center Averaging Time Freq. for
Name Bands bands [kHz] (max) Pass SNR Test Pass
Screening TE 64s 6 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 64 4 dB 3
3.5, 4
TE 32s 6 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 32 4 dB 3
3.5, 4
Diagnostic TE1.5- 6 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 64 sec** 4 dB** 3**
4.0 3.5, 4
TE0.7- 6 0.7, 1, 1.4, 2, 64 sec.** 4 dB** 0**
4.0 2.8, 4
(Diagnostic version also includes TE 64s screening protocol)
** Customizable fields:
L1/L2: DP: 40 to 70 dB SPL
Average time: DP: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 or 4.0 sec, TE 4, 8, 16, 32 or 64 sec.
Pass SNR: DP and TE: 3 dB to 10 dB
Passing Freq. for Test Pass: DP and TE: 1 to 12
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The ERO•SCAN® has been tested for EMC emissions and immunity as a standalone instrument. Do
not use the ERO•SCAN® adjacent to or stacked with other electronic equipment. If adjacent or
stacked use is necessary, the user should verify normal operation in the configuration.
The use of accessories, transducers and cables other than those specified, with the exception of
servicing parts sold by MAICO Diagnostics as replacement parts for internal components, may result
in increased EMISSIONS or decreased IMMUNITY of the device. Anyone connecting additional
equipment is responsible for making sure the system complies with the IEC 60601-1-2 standard.
Electromagnetic Compatibility
Although the instrument fulfills the relevant EMC requirements precautions should be taken to avoid
unnecessary exposure to electromagnetic fields, e.g. from mobile phones, etc. If the device is used
adjacent to other equipment it must be observed that no mutual disturbance appears.
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d = 1.17√
Note 1: At 80 MHz and 800 MHz, the higher frequency range applies.
Note 2:
2 These guidelines may not apply to all situations. Electromagnetic propagation is affected by
absorption and reflection from structures, objects and people.
(a*) Field strengths from fixed transmitters, such as base stations for radio (cellular/cordless) telephones and land
mobile radios, amateur radio, AM and FM radio broadcast and TV broadcast cannot be predicted theoretically
with accuracy. To assess the electromagnetic environment due to fixed RF transmitters, an electromagnetic site
survey should be considered. If the measured field strength in the location in which the ERO•SCAN® is used
exceeds the applicable RF compliance level above, the ERO•SCAN® should be observed to verify normal
operation. If abnormal performance is observed, additional measures may be necessary, such as re-orienting or
relocating the ERO•SCAN®.
(b*) Over the frequency range 150 kHz to 80 MHz, field strengths should be less than 3 V/m.
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MAICO Diagnostics
10393 West 70th Street
Eden Prairie, MN 55344
Tel.: 888.941.4201
Fax: 952.903.4100
E-mail: info@maico-diagnostics.com
Internet: www.maico-diagnostics.com
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