ENGLISH LANGUAGE

HOME ASSIGNMENT

I. Write a composition on any one of the following [300-350 words]:

1. As a part of the community service week organised by your school,you and your friends
were sent to an orphanage. Describe your experience in detail.
2. All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. Express your view about this statement.
3. Write an original short story based on the theme: ‘Pride comes before a fall’.

II. Select one of the following:

a. Write a letter to your friend describing your visit to a village fair. Your letter must
include all the details about what you saw and how you felt.
b. Write a letter to the principal of your school requesting him/her to grant you two days
leave sothat you can participate in a tournament.

III. Email and Notice-

a. a You are the secretary of the Quiz Club. Write a notice for the school notice board,
inviting students from classes 9 and 10 to take part in the Inter-House Quiz Competition.
b. Write an e-mail to a well-known Quiz Master, requesting him to conduct the quiz.

IV. Do as directed:
1. Anil is the fastest runner in the school. […..as Anil.]
2. It is pity our vacation is not longer. [ I wish….]
3. If you are not a member you can not borrow books. [ Only…..]
4. You will surely miss the train. Hurry up! [ Join the sentence without using and.but,so]
5. As soon as the curtain came down the applause rang out. [ No sooner….]
 ENGLISH LITERATURE
HOME ASSIGNMENTS

STUDENTS ARE ADVISED TO GO THROUGH THE ANALYSIS OF EVERY TEXT AND

SOLVE THE QUESTIONS WHICH FOLLOW.
THE MERCHANT OF VENICE
ACT III ANALYSIS
SCENE III- Shylock escorts the bankrupt Antonio to prison. Antonio pleads with Shylock to
listen, but Shylock refuses. Remembering the many times Antonio condemned him as a dog,
Shylock advises the merchant to beware of his bite. Assured that the duke will grant him justice,
Shylock insists that he will have his bond and tells the jailer not to bother speaking to him of
mercy. Solanio declares that Shylock is the worst of men, and Antonio reasons that the Jew hates
him for bailing out many of Shylock’s debtors. Solanio attempts to comfort Antonio by
suggesting that the duke will never allow such a ridiculous contract to stand, but Antonio is not
convinced. Venice, Antonio claims, is a wealthy trading city with a great reputation for
upholding the law, and if the duke breaks that law, Venice’s economy may suffer. As Solanio
departs, Antonio prays desperately that Bassanio will arrive to “see me pay his debt, and then I
care not” (III.iii.36).
SCENE IV- Lorenzo assures Portia that Antonio is worthy of all the help she is sending him, and
that if Portia only knew the depths of Antonio’s love and goodness, she would be proud of her
efforts to save him. Portia replies that she has never regretted doing a good deed, and goes on to
say that she could never deny help to anyone so close to her dear Bassanio. Indeed, Antonio and
Bassanio are so inseparable that Portia believes saving her husband’s friend is no different than
saving her own husband. She has sworn to live in prayer and contemplation until Bassanio
returns to her, and announces that she and Nerissa will retire to a nearby monastery. Lorenzo and
Jessica, she declares, will rule the estate in her absence.
Portia then sends her servant, Balthasar, to Padua, where he is to meet her cousin, Doctor
Bellario, who will provide Balthasar with certain documents and clothing. From there, Balthasar
will take the ferry to Venice, where Portia will await him. After Balthasar departs, Portia informs
Nerissa that the two of them, dressed as young men, are going to pay an incognito visit to their
new husbands. When Nerissa asks why, Portia dismisses the question, but promises to disclose
the whole of her purpose on the coach ride to Venice.
SCENE V- Quoting the adage that the sins of the father shall be delivered upon the children,
Launcelot says he fears for Jessica’s soul. When Jessica claims that she will be saved by her
marriage to Lorenzo, Launcelot complains that the conversion of the Jews, who do not eat pork,
will have disastrous consequences on the price of bacon. Lorenzo enters and chastises Launcelot
for impregnating a Moorish servant. Launcelot delivers a dazzling series of puns in reply and
departs to prepare for dinner. When Lorenzo asks Jessica what she thinks of Portia, she responds
that the woman is without match, nearly perfect in all respects. Lorenzo jokes that he is as good a
spouse as Portia, and leads them off to dinner.
QUESTIONS
Referring closely to Act III, answer the following questions.
I. How does Lorenzo try to persuade Portia in helping Antonio?
II. Why must Portia help Antonio?
III. What does Jessica tell about Bassanio in Scene IV?
IV. What impression do you get of Launcelot from Scene IV?

PROSE
THE BLUE BEED- ANALYSIS
The short story “The blue bead” written by Norah Burke in 1953 is all about a twelve-year-old
girl; her heroic deed and a simple, innocent wish.
The story starts with the description of a river and a crocodile and then transitions into the
description of a twelve-year-old poor girl Sibia. Though she was too poor to buy gems or even
blown glass beads, she loved to admire the various types of beads, Kashmiri clothes, even the
shining tin trays that were sold in a Bazaar or market near the railhead of the village. All the
females in her village had different necklaces made from colourful glass beads which grew in
abundance in the jungle, sewn by their respective family needles. But Sibia’s family needle was
snapped in half, so she had to wait until they could afford a new needle again.
Sibia rescues a woman form the deadly jaws of a crocodile and even admits her to the hospital.
Sibia goes back into the jungle to get her grass, sickle and fork. The fork was lying near a rock
and while picking it up she comes across a pretty blue bead. She plucks it out of water and her
joy knew no bounds when she saw that it was already pierced, ready for use. A happy girl, she
was returning home. On her way back, she comes across her mother who’s searching for her. She
scolds her for being late, as she was afraid that something wrong might have happened to Sibia.
In answer, Sibia narrates what actually happened and shows her mother the blue bead. And with
that it’s a wrap to the story.
QUESTION
I. Who was Sibia? How old was she?
II. What did Sibia dream of buying?
III. Why could Sibia make a necklace?
IV. Who did Sibia save from the crocodile?
ALL SUMMER IN A DAY- ANALYSIS
In ‘All summer in a day’, a group of school children live on planet Venus with their families, or
in the author’s words, a group of rocket men and women who has gone to Venus to set up
civilization. The children, mostly around nine years old, are waiting eagerly for a special
occasion; for the sun to come out. It has been raining continuously seven years in Venus and now
the scientists of Venus have predicted that the sun will come out for a short period of time on
that particular day, after that it’s seven more years of continuous rain. You can imagine how
overwhelmed and excited the kids must be feeling. None of the children has seen the sun while
Margot, an earthling from Ohio knows a lot about the sun and this leads the other children to
grow jealous of Margot. Te entire sorry is about Margot’s as well as the other children’s journey
of becoming friends.
QUESTIONS
I. Who was Margot? How old was she?
II. On which Planet does this story take place?
III. Why were the other children so excited about the sun?
IV. Why were the other children jealous of Margot?
POETRY
THE PATRIOT- ANALYSIS.
The Patriot, a dramatic monologue by Robert Browning is actually tragic poem of a man who
allegedly dedicated his entire life to supporting his Country, but his efforts were forgotten. The
poem is heavy with irony as it describes a man who had given everything up for his people and
was initially revered by them, only to be killed at their hands without a second thought in the
end. The Patriot consists of six stanzas which are interestingly divided by numbered headings,
almost as if Browning was telling us that each stanza is a chapter in the Patriots life. The first
three stanzas or chapters reflect the feelings and accomplishments the Patriot underwent and the
last three chapters describe his unfortunate sentencing and his death. The Patriot also has a Sub-
heading titled ‘An Old Story’ this is much like the title of a novel. The Presence of a sub-heading
supports the idea that Browning designed his poem to be read as a story, in which each stanza is
actually a chapter from the life of the Patriot.
QUESTIONS
I. Bring out the irony present in the poem?
II. What was the actual fault of the Patriot?
III. What is the subtitle of the poem?
IV. What do you mean by ‘dramatic monologue’?
NINE GOLD MEDALS- ANALYSIS
Nine Gold Medals is a poem that beautifully illustrates the team spirit among nine athletes.
Athletes from all over the country assembled to put their running skills to test after intense
training. All the participants were ready to lay their hands on the gold, silver and bronze medals.
Spectators thronged the field to cheer the participants. The participants’ names were announced
through the loudspeakers and the pistol was fired. All the participants started running. Suddenly,
the youngest participant stumbled and fell with his knees on the ground. He cried in anguish as
his dreams came crashing down. As the spectators looked on, the other eight athletes stopped
running and came to the young man one by one. Together, they helped the young man get up on
his feet. They joined hands and walked towards the finishing post. The one hundred meters race
had turned to a walk. Yet, when they reached the finishing post, there were nine happy faces.
The poet says that though none of them actually finished the race, their act of helpfulness
towards their competitor actually won them nine gold medals.
QUESTIONS
I. What was the special Olympic about?
II. Did the participants actually win the medals?
III. What made the youngest athlete cry out in aguish?
IV. What does the poem tell us about the athletes?
 MATHEMATICS
Chapter:-Banking

Assignment:-1
Types of bank accounts-1.Savings bank account
2.Current bank account
3.Fixed Deposit bank account
4.Recurring Deposit bank account
( )
Interest (I) = P* ∗ ; P=Principal, n=number of months for which the money is
∗
deposited, r=rate if interest.

Maturity Value ( MV)= P*n + I

Example1:- Arvind deposits rs.1600 per month in a cumulative account for three years at the rate
of 9% p.a. s.i. Find the amount he will get at the time of maturity.
( )
Ans- Interest (I) = P* ∗
∗
∗
= 1600* ∗ =7992
∗
MV= P*n + I
=(1600*36)+7992
=65592
Therefore, the amount he will get at the time of maturity is rs.65592.

Home Work:- Exercise2[1,3,5,8,11]

Chapter:-Quadratic Equation In One Variable

Assignment:-2
Standard form of a quadratic equation is ax2+bx+c=0;where a≠0
A number α is a root of the quadratic equation ax2+bx+c=, iff aα2+bα+c=0.
Example1- If –a is the solution of the equation x 2+3ax+k=0,find the value of k.
Ans- Since –a is the solution of the given equation therefore it satisfy the equation

Hence, a2-3a2+k=0
Or, k=2a2
Hence the value of k is 2a2.
Home Work:- Exercise 5.1[1(v),2(iii),3(i),5(i,ii),6]
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 Chapter – The Union Parliament
Civics
Parliament :- Parliament is the legislature which performs the
function of law making.
Union Parliament is a bi bicameral legislature. It has two
Houses : i) The council of states or Rajya Sabha(the upper
house) and ii) The house of the people or Lok Sabha(the lower
house)
*Loksabha :-
i) Its term is fixed at 5 years by the constitution of India.
ii) The present strength of the Lok Sabha is 545 members.
iii) The Speaker is the Presiding officer of the Lok Sabha.
*Rajya Sabha :-
i) The Rajya Sabha is called a Permanent House.
ii) The present strength of the Rajya Sabha is 250 members.
iii) The Vice President of India is the ex-officio Chairman of the
rajya Sabha .
Home work
i) What is meant by the term Parliament?
ii) Name the two houses of Indian Parliament.
iii) Mention the present strength of the Lok sabha?
iv) Who is the ex – officio chairman of Rajya Sabha?
v) Mention the tenure of the Lok Sabha.
 Chapter – The First War Of Indepndence(1857)
History
• In 1857 ,there occurred a series of events which were
referred to as Sepoy Mutiny by British and the First War Of
Independence by Indians.
• The revolt first began at Barrackpore.
• A Brahmin soldier named Mangal Pandey led an attack on
the adjutant of the 34th Native Infantry on 29th
March,1857.He was arrested and hanged on 8th April 1857.
• Causes of Revolt
A) Political Cause :- i) The Doctrine Of Lapse
ii) Discourtesy to the Mughal Emperor
iii) Treatment meted out to Nana Saheb
iv) Annexation of Awadh
B) Religious & Social cause :- i) Fears regarding Mass
Conversion to Christianity ii) Introduction of Railways
and Telegraphs iii) fears regarding English Education.
C) Economic Cause :- i) The ruin of trade & handicrafts ii)
big famines iii) inhuman treatment meted out to the
Indigo cultivators.
i) Military cause :- i) low salary and poor
prospects of promotion ii) General service
enlistment act iii) introduction
of the Enfield rifles[the immediate cause]
Home work
i) The first war of Independence happend in which
year?
ii) Mention any two political causes of the revolt of
1857.
iii) What was the immediate cause of the revolt of
1857?
iv) Mention any two social causes of the First war of
Independence.
 Geography
Soil Resource in India

Soil - Soil is the thin surface layer on the earth, comprising mineral, organic material, living
organism, water.

Types of Soil

Alluvial soil- Another name is transported soil. It is light to dark in color, rich in Potash, Humus,
and good for crop production. It can be found in riverine plain of North and South India.

Black Soil- Formed in-situ i.e found where formed, retain moisture, deeper the soil, more
moisture it can hold. It is black in color and rich in Aluminum, Iron Potash, and Magnesium.
Fertility is high and suitable for cotton, rice, wheat, millet cultivation. It can be found in Deccan
region.

Red soil- Formed due to weathering, acidic in nature, less fertile, rich in iron oxide. Need
application of fertilizer and irrigation for cultivation.

Laterite soil- Formed under conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall. It is red brown in
color due to iron oxide. It is suitable for plantation of coffee, rubber and coconut.

Soil Erosion- causes-

Running Water
Wind
Men ,Plants, Animals
Faulty method of agriculture

Soil Conservation- It is an effort, made by man to prevent soil erosion to retain the fertility of
fertility.

QUESTIONS
1. Write two characteristics of alluvial soil.
2. Write two characteristics of Black soil.
3. Laterite soil is suitable for which type of crops.
4. Why Red soil is not suitable for cultivation?
5. Why Black soil is known as in-situ soil.
6. Write the causes of soil erosion.
7. Define soil conservation.
8. Under which condition red soil can be formed?

Natural Vegetation
Among most valuable resources of India forest plays a very important role in climate as well as
important for economic development.
Type of Forests
1) Tropical Evergreen forest-In the states of West Bengal, Kerala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka and
Maharashtra where heavy rainfall occur these forests can be found.
Trees - Rosewood, Ebony, Gurjan, Sisam, Toon.
Features-Dense forest, thick canopy, hard wooded forest.

2) Tropical Decideous Forest-Odisha, M.P, Bihar, T.N, Karnataka, Tripura, Assam, U.P,
Uttrakhand in these states it can be found.
Features-These forests shed their leaves for about 6-8 weeks during the spring and they are pure
stand.
Trees- Sal, Teak, Sandalwood, Myrobalan, Palas, Mahua.

3) Thorn forest-In North Western India in rain shadow region of Western Ghats it can beFound.
Trees - Khajuri fruit, Khair, Babool.
Feature-Plants are known as Xerophytes, they have spines and thick fleshy stems.

4) Tidal Forest-It can be found in areas flooded by sea water. E.g.-delta of Ganga, Brahmaputra,
Mahanadi, Godavari.
Trees -Sundari, Goran, Hogla.
Features- Dense forest and plants have breathing roots and stilt like roots.

5) Mountain Forests-They occur in the temperate zone of the Himalaya, Nilgiri and Annamulai
mountain region.
Trees- Chirr, Pine, Ceader, Far, Spurce, Deodar.
Features-They are pure stand, soft wooded and evergreen in nature.

Forest Conservation-To protect the forest from different harmful effects is known as forest
conservation.

Methods- 1) Afforestation.
2) Reafforestations.
3) Social forestry programme.
4) Agro forestry

QUESTIONS:
1. Write the name of main trees of tropical Evergreen forest with two characteristics.
2. Write the name of main trees of tropical deciduous forest with two characteristics.
3. Write the name of main trees of mangrove forest with characteristics.
4. Write two characteristics of desert forest.
5. What are the main trees of Mountain forests?
6. Write two features of Mountain forest.
7. What is forest conservation?
8. Write the methods of forest conservation.
 CLASS-X
SUBJECT-PHYSICS
CHAPTER-1: FORCE

𝑑𝑝 𝑑(𝑚𝑣)
• Force F = rate of change of momentum= 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡
= ma (a= acceleration, m=mass)
• Moment of force (or Torque) = force × perpendicular distance from axis of rotation (or pivoted point)

• Clockwise moment= -ve

• Anticlockwise moment= +ve
• Moment of couple = Either force × perpendicular distance between two forces

• Condition of equilibrium(or principle of moment):

Sum of anticlockwise moments= Sum of clockwise moments

• Centre of gravity of some regular objects:

• Centripetal force= directed towards the centre of circular motion

• Centrifugal force= directed tangentially outward.
 CLASS-X
SUBJECT-PHYSICS
ASSIGNMENT-1
CHAPTER-1: FORCE
(F.M.-25)

Question-1 [5×1=5]
1. What is moment of couple? Write its SI unit.
2. In equilibrium, algebraic sum of moments of all forces about the point of rotation is……………….
3. Define the term ‘centre of gravity of a body’.
4. In uniform circular motion……………..remains constant and …………….changes.

Question-2 [4×2=8]
1. Why is it easier to open a door by applying the force at free end of it?
2. What are the conditions for a body to be in equilibrium?
3. Why centrifugal force is called pseudo force (or virtual force or fictitious force)?
4. Name the force required for circular motion. State its direction.

Question-3 [4×3=12]
1. A uniform metre rule rests horizontally on a knife edge at the 60 cm mark when a mass of 10 g is
suspended from one end. Draw diagram of the arrangement.
(i) At which end must this mass be suspended?
(ii) What is the mass of the rule?
2. (i) What is uniform circular motion?
(ii) Is it possible to have the directions of velocities same at every point?
(iii) What is the direction of velocity at any instant in a circular motion?
3. Write the positions of centre of gravity of:
(i) cylinder, (ii) hollow cone, (iii) Rhombus, (iv) Circular ring, (v) Solid sphere, (vi) Triangular lamina ?
4. State the condition when a body is in (i) static equilibrium, (ii) dynamic equilibrium. Give on example each of
static and dynamic equilibrium.

_________________
 CLASS-X
SUBJECT-PHYSICS
CHAPTER-2: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER

• Work done (W) = Force (F) × Displacement (S)

• Vector form: W = F.S = FScosϴ
• When ϴ = 0o => work done is +ve
• When ϴ = 90o => work done is zero
• When ϴ = 180o => work done is –ve
• Power = work done/time= Force (F) × Velocity(V)
• Work done by the force of gravity (or gravitational potential energy) = mgh
(where, m=mass, g= gravitational acceleration, h= height)
1
• Kinetic energy(K) = mv2 = p2/2m (where, m= mass, v= velocity, p= momentum)
2
• Work-energy theorem: W=Kfinal - Kinitial
• Principle of conservation of energy: Kinetic energy + Potential energy = Total energy = constant
 CLASS-X
SUBJECT-PHYSICS
ASSIGNMENT-2
CHAPTER-2: WORK, ENERGY AND POWER
(F.M.-25)

Question-1 [5×1=5]
1. Differentiate between watt and watt-hour.
2. Power (P) = acceleration (a) × momentum (p). Is this relation is correct?
3. 2.5 eV=…………….J
4. State the work-energy theorem.
5. Which form of mechanical energy can only be put to do work?

Question-2 [4×2=8]
1. Give one example each when work done is negative and zero.
2. The work done by the heart is 1 joule per beat. Calculate the power of the heart if it beats 72 times in 1 minute.
3. How is the kinetic energy of a moving cart affected if its velocity is reduced to 1/4th of the initial velocity?
4. What do you mean by degradation of energy? Explain it by taking one example of your daily life.

Question-3 [4×3=12]
1. A boy applies a force of 25 N to displace a body by a distance of 2 m. at an angle 60o to its own direction. Find
the amount of work done. If the boy wants to displace the body by a distance of 4 m horizontally then what
amount of force he have to apply on the body?
2. State the energy changes that occur in:
(i) photosynthesis of green leave, (ii) loudspeaker in use, and (iii) a car going uphill
3. A bob of simple pendulum is imparted a velocity of 5 ms-1 when it is at its mean position. To what maximum
vertical height will it rise on reaching at its extreme position if 60% of its energy is lost in overcoming the
friction of air? (g=10 ms-2)
4. A pebble is thrown up. It goes to a height and then comes back on the ground. State the different changes in the
form of energy during this motion.

__________________
 Chemi
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Chapt
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Chemi
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bondi
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bondist
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orceofat
tract
ionbet
weenanyt
woat
omsi
namol
ecul
eto
mai
ntai
nstabi
l
ity

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ear
e3t
ypesofbond:
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ect
ri
cal
l
ybond. 2)
cov
alentbond. 3)coor
dinat
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bond

 El
ectr
ical
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ybond:I
tisthebondformedbycomplet
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rom amet
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thusfor
mi ngr
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on.Thi
sbondisal
waysfor
med
bet
weenmet a'
sandnonmet al
s.Exampl
e:NaCl
,CaO,
MgCl2

 Coval
entbond:
Iti
sthebondf
ormedbyshar
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ectr
onpairbetweencombini
ng
at
oms.Therecanbeoneshar
edpai
r,
twosharedpai
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ect
rons.

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arcoval
entandnonpol
arcovalent
.I
npolar
covalentt
herei
sunequal shar
ingofel
ectr
onpairduetowhichoneacquir
eaposi t
ive
chargeandanothernegativ
echarge.
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entbondt
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shari
ngofelect
ronpair.

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natebond:Thebondformedbet weentwoatomsbyshari
ngapairofel
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provi
dedenti
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ybyoneoft hecombi ningat
omsbutsharedby
both.
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Ammoni um ion,
Hydronium i
on.
Int
hist
ypeofbondoneofthetwoat oms
musthaveatleastonelonepairofelectr
onsandanot
hershoul
dbeshortofat
least1
l
oneelect
ronpair.
 HOMEASSI
GNMENT

 Dr
esst
heel
ect
rondotst
ruct
ureof
:

Sodi
um chl
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de,
cal
cium oxi
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magnesi
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cal
cium chl
ori
de

 Def
inecoor
dinat
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thex
ampl
es

 El
ementAhas2elect
roni
nit
sM shell
.
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omi
cno.
7.Showt
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ormat
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tebet
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tei
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sformul
a

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nthefor
mati
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anat
om Xgi
ves1elect
ront
oeachYat
om.
What
i
sthenat
ureoft
hebondf
ormed,
Drawt
heel
ect
rondotst
ruct
ure

 Anatom Xhas2,8,
7el
ect
roni
nit
sshel
l
.Itcombi
neswi
thYhav
ing1el
ect
ron.
Showt
he
bondfor
mation

 Gi
vet
hest
ruct
ureofAmmoni
um i
on,
hydr
oni
um i
on
 DREAMLAND SCHOOL
BIOLOGY - CLASS 10 (2020 – 2021)
ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 1 – CELL, CELL CYCLE & CELL DIVISION

BRIEF EXPLANATION –
• Cells are small in size bounded by cell membrane.
• Cell wall is an extra covering outside the cell membrane in plant cell.
• Nucleus is the specialized central part of the cell that controls the activities of cells.
• Cell consists of different cell organelles like golgi complex, mitochondria, ribosome, .
• Cells divides for growth, replacement, repairment and reproduction.
• Cell division is of two types- Mitosis & Meosis.
• Mitosis involves duplication of chromosome and their equall distribution in the daughter cells. It
involves two phases - karyokinesis & cytokinesis. Karyokinesis is the division of nucleus involving
4 stages – prophase, metaphase , anaphase & telophase. Cytokinesis is the division of cytoplasm
which occurs by cleavage formation in animal cells and cell plate formation in plant cells. Mitosis
is followed by interphase which consists of G1 , S & G2 phase. Mitosis takes place where growth
is required.
• Meosis involves two division – first, chromosomes arrange in homologous pair and then
separate to reduce the number to half. Meosis also involves crossing over between chromatids
of homologous pairs that forms the basis of variation. It takes place in reproductive tissues.
• Chromosomes are condensed chromatin fibres formed of DNA and histone proteins and found
in the nucleus.

ASSIGNMENT

1) Name the following:-

a) The point at which duplicated chromosomes are jointed
b) The kind of division that takes place in the reproductive tissues.
c) Process of division of cytoplasm.
d) The longest phase of normal cell cycle.
2) State the location and function of the following:-
a) Cell plate
b) Chromosomes
3) Define :-
a) Spindle
b) Chromatid
c) Chromatin
4) Differentiate between the following :-
a) Chiasmata & crossing over ( definition)
 b) Cytokinesis & karyokineis ( division of what)
5) Draw a neat labelled diagram of plant cell.

CHAPTER 2 - FUNDAMENTAL OF GENETICS

BRIEF EXPLANATION –
• Chromosomes are carriers of heredity. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes of which 22 pairs
are autosomes and 1 pair (XX/XY) is sex chromosome.
• Genes are specific DNA segments that control the expression of characters. Every gene has two
alternative form called allele – the dominant and the recessive one.
• The gene combination can be both dominant ( RR – tongue roller) or 1 dominant 1 recessive
(Rr) or both recessive (rr). Genotype is the combination of gene & phenotype is the expression
of character.
• Mendel discovered three basic laws of heredity – Law of dominance , Law of segregation , Law
of independent assortment.
• Two kinds of crosses were conducted by Mendel on pea plant – Monohybrid (crossing involving
single pair of allele) & dihybrid ( crossing involving two pair of allele)
• In these crosses two generations can be obtained – F1 & F2.
• When two homozygous pea plant with contrasting traits are crossed a heterozygous hybrid is
obtained,
• When two hybrid plants of F2 generation is self crossed then F2 generation is obtained.
• The phenotypic ratio of F2 generation is 3:1 and genotypic ratio is 1:2:1 for monohybrid cross.
• The phenotypic ratio of F2 generation is 9:3:3:1 for di hybrid cross.
• Any change in the genetic composition through external or internal factors is called mutation.
• Certain disorders are caused by genes located on x chromosome and not on Y. mostly the males
suffer as they have single X chromosome and rarely females.

Example of Monohybrid cross

parents
Pure tall plant x pure dwarf plant
TT tt
F1 generation Tt x Tt

F2 generation
TT Tt Tt tt
Tall tall tall dwarf

Phenotypic ratio - 3:1 genotypic ratio – 1:2:1

Example of Dihybrid cross
Parent round green peas x wrinkled yellow peas
RRGG rrgg
Gametes R ,G r ,g
F1 RrGg ( round green)
Gametes - male RG ,Rg , rG, rg
Female RG , Rg, rG, rg
F2
RG Rg rG rg
RG RRGG RRGg RrGG RrGg
Round green Round green Round green Round green
Rg RRGg RRgg RrGg Rrgg
Round green Round yellow Round green Round yellow
rG RrGG RrGg rrGG rrGg
Round green Round green wrinkled green wrinkled green
rg RrGg Rrgg rrGg rrgg
Round green Round yellow wrinkled green wrinkled yellow

Phenotypic ratio - 9:3:3:1

ASSIGNMENT

1) Name the following:-

a) The genetic composition of organism.
b) The study of heredity & variation.
c) Pair of gene responsible for a particular character.
d) The type of gene which in the presence of a contrasting allele is not expressed.

2) Define :-
a) Variation
b) Mutation
c) Genotype

3) Differentiate between monohybrid & dihybid cross.

4) A round seed (RR) is made to cross with a wrinkled seed (rr) . draw a punnett square to show the
F1 & F2 generation.

5) X lnked recessive diseases are more common in males than in females. Justify your answer
 COMPUTER APPLICATION
Object Oriented Programming
OOP stands for Object-Oriented Programming.Procedural programming is about writing
procedures or methods that perform operations on the data, while object-oriented programming
is about creating objects that contain both data and methods.
Java is an Object-Oriented Language.
Object − Objects have states and behaviors. Example: A dog has states - color, name,
breed as well as behaviors – wagging the tail, barking, eating. An object is an instance of a
class.
Class − A class can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the behavior/state that
the object of its type support.
Inheritance can be defined as the process where one class acquires the properties (methods
and fields) of another.

 subclass (child) - the class that inherits from another class

 superclass (parent) - the class being inherited from

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common use of
polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to a child class
object.

Data abstraction is the process of hiding certain details and showing only essential information
to the user.
Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the
data (methods) together as a single unit
Questions: Answer the following:

1. What is object oriented programming?

2. What are four fundamental OOP concepts?
3. Define objects with an example.
4. What is polymorphism?
5. Write the difference between class and object.
6. Define encapsulation.
Fill in the blanks:
1. A ............... is a set of objects that has common attributes and common behavior.
2. The process by which a class acquires the properties from another class is
called……………
3. Objects can communicate with each other through…………in object oriented
programming language.
4. …………….. is an act of representing essential features without including background
details.
 Decision Making In Java
Decision Making in programming is similar to decision making in real life. In programming also
we face some situations where we want a certain block of code to be executed when some
condition is fulfilled.
A programming language uses control statements to control the flow of execution of program
based on certain conditions.
Java’s Selection statements:
 if
 if-else
 nested-if
 if-else-if
 switch-case
 jump – break, continue, return
These statements allow you to control the flow of your program’s execution based upon
conditions known only during run time.
An if statement checks a particular condition; if the condition evaluates to true, it will execute a
statement or a set of statements. Otherwise, if the condition is false, it will ignore that statement
or set of statements.

if...else statement
An if statement can be followed by an optional else statement, which executes when the
boolean expression is false.
nested if statement
You can use one if or else if statement inside another if or else if statement(s).
A switch statement is a multiple-branch statement in Java. The switch statement successively
checks the value of an expression with a list of integer or character constants.
The switch statement evaluates the expression and matches the values against the constant
values which are specified in the case statements. When a match is found, the statement
associated with that case is executed until it encounters a break statement or else the switch
statement ends. When no match is found, the default statement gets executed.
In the absence of break, the control flow moves to the next case below the matching case and
this is called fall through.
The break Statement:
The break statement enables a program to skip over a part of the code. A break statement is
generally used to terminate the loops like while, do-while, for and a switch statement. The
execution resumes at the statement immediately after the terminated statement.
The continue statement skips the rest of the loop statements and causes the next iteration of
the loop.
The return statement is used to return from a function or a method.
Questions:
1. What is an ‘if’ statement? Explain with an example.
2. What do you understand by nested ‘if’ statements?
3. What is a switch statement?
4. What is the significance of break statement in a switch statement?
5. What is the effect of absence of break in a switch statement?
6. Write the purpose of continue statement in java.
 7. Give the output of the following:
int x=80;
if(x<=100 && x>=0)
System.out.println(x+ “is right”);
else
System.out.println(x+ “is wrong”);

8. Rewrite the following using conditional statement:

int a= 15;
boolean x = a>14 && a<25 ? true : false;
System.out.println(x);

9. What will be the output of the following program?

public
class Assignment
{
public static void main(String[] args)
{
int x = 10, y = 20;
if (x < y)
{
if (x > y)
{
System.out.println("HELLO STUDENTS");
}
else
{
System.out.println("HOW ARE YOU");
}
}
}
}
10. What will be the output of the following program?
class Program {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
String day = "Sunday";
switch (day) {
case "Monday":
System.out.println("working day");
break;
case "Saturday":
System.out.println("enjoy");
break;
case "Sunday":
System.out.println("holiday");
}
}
}
 Commerce
Ch-1 market and marketing.

Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to make purchase and sale. Market is a very
important concept in free market as it conveys what to produce and in what quantity.

Answer the following questions:

1. What do you mean by market?
2. What are the different types of market?
3. What are the different stages of marketing?
4. Explain the meaning and nature of products.
5. Explain the difference between products and services.

Ch -2 marketing mix -4 p.

To satisfy the needs and wants of customers ,every organization should adopt a perfect
marketing mix. Marketing mix is a combination of product, price, place and promotion.

Answer the following question:

1. What is the meaning of marketing mix?
2. Elements of marketing mix?
3. Factors influencing marketing mi
 Economics
Ch-1 factors of production.

By productive mechanism we mean the system that determines the production of different goods
and services.

Answer the following question:

Q1: What are the different factors of production explain briefly. Explains each factor.
Q2: What is the meaning of capital?
Q3: What is the entrepreneur and organization.

Ch-2 elementary theory of demand.

Demand is an economic desire to purchase a good and services and backed with a purchasing
power and willingness to pay for the same.

Q1: What is a demand?

Q2: What is an individual demand?
Q3: What is a market demand?
Q4: What is the difference between individual and market demand?
 Commercial Application
Ch-1 market and marketing:
Market is a place where buyers and sellers meet to make purchase and sale. Market is a very
important concept as it conveys what to produce and for whom to produce and in what quantity
to produce.

Answer the following question:

Q1:What do you mean by market?
Q2:what are the different types of market?
Q3:what are the different stages of marketing?
Q4:explain the meaning and nature of product?

Ch-2 marketing mix -4ps:

In order to satisfy the needs and wants of the customers, every organization should adopte a
perfect marketing mix. Marketing mix is the combination of product, price, place, and
promotion.

Answer the following questions:

Q1:What do you mean by marketing mix?
Q2:what are the different elements of marketing mix.
Q3:what are the different factors that influence marketing mix.
Q4:Explain the price mix?
Q5:what do you mean by the term promotion?
 EVS
Ch1 (Controlling Air Pollution)

Notes----- Air pollution refers to any physical, chemical, or biological change in the air. It is the
contamination of air by harmful gases, dust, and smoke which effects the plants, animals and
human being drastically...... Air pollution control----Avoid using vehicles, energy conservation,
use of clean energy resources, by minimising and reducing the use of fire and fire product, fuel
substitution is another way of controlling air pollution. A very effective way of controlling air
pollution is by diluting the air pollutants. Ideally planting trees in the areas of high pollution
levels will be extremely effective.

Q. Answer the following:

1) What do you mean by pollution?
2) Why pollution is a problem?
3) How can we protect our environment?
4) Do, you think people should recycle newspaper?
5) Do, you think there are lessons to learn from nature?
 DREAMLAND SCHOOL
PHYSICAL EDUCATION - CLASS 10 ( 2020-2021 )
ASSIGNMENT

CHAPTER 1 – HUMAN GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

BRIEF EXPLANATION –

• Gradual change in maturity, age, size, weight or height is termed as growth.

• Development is the progression from earlier to later stages in maturation.
• Growth is the change in physical aspects of the organism, stops at maturation, can be measured
accurately (quantitative)
• Development is the overall changes and progressive changes of an organism, continues till death
of organism, qualitative in nature.
• There are different stages of growth and development – infancy ( 0 – 5 years) , childhood ( 5 -
12 years) , adolescence (12 – 19 years) , adulthood (19 – 65 years and above).
• With each stage there is change in both the growth and development of the organism.
• There are several factors that influence human growth and development like heredity,
environment, gender, nationality, nutrition.
• Heredity – one will have proper growth and development if they inherit it in their gene.
• Proper growth and development is ensured by proper availability of food and proper stress free
environment to survive in.
• Growth and development in case of males in comparatively more than females . this is
influenced by hormones.
• Growth is dependant on development and cannot occur without development. But
development may not involve the requirement of growth.

ASSIGNMENT

Answer the following:-

1) Differentiate between growth and development.
2) State 5 characters each of adolescence, and childhood
3) How does heredity influence growth and development?
4) In what ways does nationality influence growth and development.
5) Compare the developmental characters of adolescence with adulthood.
CHAPTER 2 – PHYSICAL EDUCATION

BRIEF EXPLANATION –

• Physical education aims to develop students physical competence and knowledge of movement
and safety and their ability to use these to perform in a wide range of activities associated with
the development of an active and healthy lifestyle.
• Earlier students were trained but now they are educated.
• The objectives of physical education are physical development, psychological development ,
social development, moral development, improvement in knowledge.
• Physical development – proper growth and development and proper functioning of various
systems of the body
• Psychological development – development of healthy interests and attitudes, channelizing of
emotions.
• Social development – developing qualities of sympathy and cooperation with others
• Moral development – development of self-control, leadership qualities, personality.
• Improvement in knowledge – acquiring the knowledge, understanding health problems & their
prevention.

ASSIGNMENT

Answer the following :-

1) Define physical education.

2) List two objectives of physical education.
3) Explain why moral development is necessary for physical development.
4) Enumerate the role of psychological development in physical education.
5) Explain how physical education improved from the past days.