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    هدى تقرير صوت

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    Abdulsalam S
    This document discusses the classification of consonant sounds in human language. It explains that consonants are produced by creating a constriction in the vocal tract. Consonants are classified based on three dimensions: place of articulation (where the constriction occurs), manner of articulation (how narrow and complete the constriction is), and voicing (whether the vocal folds are vibrating). As an example, the consonant "d" has an alveolar place of articulation, is an oral stop manner of articulation, and is voiced. The places of articulation that English uses include bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, and postalveolar articulations.

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    هدى تقرير صوت

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    Abdulsalam S
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    This document discusses the classification of consonant sounds in human language. It explains that consonants are produced by creating a constriction in the vocal tract. Consonants are classified based on three dimensions: place of articulation (where the constriction occurs), manner of articulation (how narrow and complete the constriction is), and voicing (whether the vocal folds are vibrating). As an example, the consonant "d" has an alveolar place of articulation, is an oral stop manner of articulation, and is voiced. The places of articulation that English uses include bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, and postalveolar articulations.

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    This document discusses the classification of consonant sounds in human language. It explains that consonants are produced by creating a constriction in the vocal tract. Consonants are classified based on three dimensions: place of articulation (where the constriction occurs), manner of articulation (how narrow and complete the constriction is), and voicing (whether the vocal folds are vibrating). As an example, the consonant "d" has an alveolar place of articulation, is an oral stop manner of articulation, and is voiced. The places of articulation that English uses include bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, and postalveolar articulations.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    14 views3 pages

    هدى تقرير صوت

    Uploaded by

    Abdulsalam S
    This document discusses the classification of consonant sounds in human language. It explains that consonants are produced by creating a constriction in the vocal tract. Consonants are classified based on three dimensions: place of articulation (where the constriction occurs), manner of articulation (how narrow and complete the constriction is), and voicing (whether the vocal folds are vibrating). As an example, the consonant "d" has an alveolar place of articulation, is an oral stop manner of articulation, and is voiced. The places of articulation that English uses include bilabial, labiodental, dental, alveolar, and postalveolar articulations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    College of Human Education

    Department of English Language


    Morning study

    Prof :Muslih Shawesh Ahmed

    Huda Sufyaan Hameed

    0
    Introduction

    Consonants are a major class of sounds occurring in all


    human languages. The main goal of this chapter is to
    introduce the reader to the basic articulatory and
    aerodynamic mechanisms of consonant production and
    their main acoustic consequences. The chapter is
    structured according to four phonological classification
    criteria: airstream mechanisms, voicing contrast, place of
    articulation, and manner of articulation

    Describing consonants
    What makes one consonant different from another?
    Producing a consonant involves making the vocal tract
    narrower at some location than it usually is. We call this
    narrowing a constriction. Which consonant you're
    pronouncing depends on where in the vocal tract the
    constriction is and how narrow it is. It also depends on a
    few other things, such as whether the vocal folds are
    vibrating and whether air is flowing through the nose.

    We classify consonants along three major dimensions:


     place of articulation
     manner of articulation
     voicing

    1
    The place of articulation dimension specifies where
    in the vocal tract the constriction is. The voicing
    parameter specifies whether the vocal folds are
    vibrating. The manner of articulation dimesion is
    essentially everything else: how narrow the
    constriction is, whether air is flowing through the
    nose, and whether the tongue is dropped down on
    one side.

    For example, for the sound [d]:

     Place of articulation = alveolar. (The narrowing


    of the vocal tract involves the tongue tip and
    the alveolar ridge.)
     Manner of articulation = oral stop. (The
    narrowing is complete - the tongue is
    completely blocking off airflow through the
    mouth. There is also no airflow %3D through
    the nose.)
     Voicing = voiced. (The vocal folds are
    vibrating.)

    Places of articulation The place of articulation (or POA) of


    a consonant specifies where in the vocal tract the
    narrowing occurs. From front to back, the POAS that
    English uses are

     Bilabial
     Labiodental
     Dental
     Alveolar
     Postalveolar

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