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Pascal'S Triangle Cape Integrated Mathematics

This document presents information about Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find binomial expansions. Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal. It shows the coefficients that appear in binomial expansions. The document provides examples of using Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions up to the third power. It demonstrates that the coefficients come from the corresponding rows in Pascal's triangle and that the powers in each term must sum to the power of the binomial. The document includes practice problems for the reader to work through.

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107 views11 pages

Pascal'S Triangle Cape Integrated Mathematics

This document presents information about Pascal's triangle and how it can be used to find binomial expansions. Pascal's triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients named after French mathematician Blaise Pascal. It shows the coefficients that appear in binomial expansions. The document provides examples of using Pascal's triangle to expand binomial expressions up to the third power. It demonstrates that the coefficients come from the corresponding rows in Pascal's triangle and that the powers in each term must sum to the power of the binomial. The document includes practice problems for the reader to work through.

Uploaded by

Dequan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PASCAL’S TRIANGLE Presenter: Mr.

Garth Reid

CAPE INTEGRATED
BSc Mathematics and Education
(Pending)

MATHEMATICS
Email: Garthreid53@gmail.com
Contact: (876) 403-3717
FIELDS THAT INVOLVES THE
USE OF PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
• Architecture
• Graphic Designing
• Finance
• Computer Programming
• Chemistry
Note that this list is not exhaustive
WHAT IS PASCAL'S TRIANGLE?
Pascal’s triangle is a triangular array of binomial coefficients. This triangle is named after
French Mathematician Blaise Pascal. The diagram below shows Pascal’s triangle.
OBSERVATION OF BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS
𝑎+𝑏 0 =1
𝑎 + 𝑏 1 = 1𝑎 + 1𝑏
𝑎 + 𝑏 2 = 1𝑎2 + 2𝑎𝑏 + 1𝑏 2
𝑎 + 𝑏 3 = 1𝑎3 + 3𝑎2 𝑏 + 3𝑎𝑏 2 + 1𝑏 3

Notice that these coefficients highlighted for you in red can be found in the first four rows
of Pascal's triangle. This triangle is really useful when the powers of the binomial increases
which makes multiplication very difficult.

You should also notice that when we expand a binomial of power 𝑛, where 𝑛 ∈ ℕ, we
get (𝑛 + 1) terms in our expansion.
EXAMPLES OF BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS
USING PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
Example 1: Obtain the binomial expansion of 2𝑥 + 1 2 .
Solution:

2𝑥 + 1 2 = 1 2𝑥 2 1 0 + 2 2𝑥 1 1 1 + 1 2𝑥 0 1 2 = 4𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 1

In the solution above, notice that we start with the first term in the binomial which is 2𝑥
and we raise it to the power of the binomial which is 2. We then write the second term of
the binomial which is 1 and raise it to zero. Notice that we decrease the powers of 2𝑥
each time and we increase the powers of 1 each time. Remember that the coefficients
of a binomial raised to the power of 2 are 1,2,1.

You should also recognise that in each term of the expansion, the powers add up to 2
which is the power of our binomial.
EXAMPLES OF BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS
USING PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
Example 2: Obtain the binomial expansion of 3𝑥 − 2 2 .
Solution:

3𝑥 − 2 2 = 1 3𝑥 2 −2 0 + 2 3𝑥 1 −2 1 + 1 3𝑥 0 −2 2 = 9𝑥 2 − 12𝑥 + 4

In this solution above, the same principle that we used last time applies but the only
thing different is that we had to incorporate the minus sign for the two in each term of
the expansion. Remember that when you write out the terms for a binomial of power 2,
the powers of each term in the expansion must add up to two.
EXAMPLES OF BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS
USING PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
Example 3: Obtain the binomial expansion of 9𝑥 + 5 3 .
Solution:

3 3 0 2 1 1 2 0 3
9𝑥 + 5 = 1 9𝑥 5 + 3 9𝑥 5 + 3 9𝑥 5 + 1 9𝑥 5

9𝑥 + 5 3 = 729𝑥 3 + 1215𝑥 2 + 675𝑥 + 125


In the solution above, notice that we start with the first term in the binomial which is 9𝑥 and we
raise it to the power of the binomial which is 3. We then write the second term of the binomial
which is 5 and raise it to zero. Notice that we decrease the powers of 9𝑥 each time and we
increase the powers of 5 each time. Remember that the coefficients of a binomial raised to the
power of 3 are 1, 3, 3, 1.
You should also recognise that in each term of the expansion, the powers add up to 3 which is
the power of our binomial.
EXAMPLES OF BINOMIAL EXPANSIONS
USING PASCAL'S TRIANGLE
Example 4: Obtain the binomial expansion of 1 − 7𝑥 3 .
Solution:

1 − 7𝑥 3 =1 1 3 −7𝑥 0 +3 1 2 −7𝑥 1 +3 1 1 −7𝑥 2 +1 1 0 −7𝑥 3

1 − 7𝑥 3 = 1 − 21𝑥 + 147𝑥 2 − 343𝑥 3

In this solution above, the same principle that we use last time applies but the only thing
different is that we had to incorporate the minus sign for the 7𝑥 in each term of the
expansion. Remember that when you write out the terms for a binomial of power 3, the
powers of each term in the expansion must add up to three.
DO IT YOURSELF !
Obtain the binomial expansion for the following:
1. 1 − 8𝑥 2
2. 𝑥−4 3

I BELIEVE IN YOU !!!!!!


ANSWERS 2
1 − 8𝑥 = 1 − 16𝑥 + 64𝑥 2

𝑥−4 3 = 𝑥 3 − 12𝑥 2 + 48𝑥 − 64


I HOPE YOU GOT THEM CORRECT !
THANKS FOR YOUR
PARTICIPATION
Mr. Garth Reid
Student Ambassador for the University of Technology, Jamaica

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