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Packed Columns Simplified Design Methods For Absorption of Dilute Gas Mixtures in Packed and Trays Towers

1. The document discusses simplified design methods for packed and tray towers used for gas absorption. It provides equations for calculating the height of a packed tower and number of trays in a tray tower based on gas and liquid flow rates and equilibrium relationships. 2. Examples are included to demonstrate the design process for a packed tower removing H2S from gas and a tray tower removing ammonia. 3. The numerical integration method for designing packed towers is described involving plotting operating and equilibrium curves to determine interface compositions and calculating the height integral.

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رائد عبد العزيز فرحان
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161 views

Packed Columns Simplified Design Methods For Absorption of Dilute Gas Mixtures in Packed and Trays Towers

1. The document discusses simplified design methods for packed and tray towers used for gas absorption. It provides equations for calculating the height of a packed tower and number of trays in a tray tower based on gas and liquid flow rates and equilibrium relationships. 2. Examples are included to demonstrate the design process for a packed tower removing H2S from gas and a tray tower removing ammonia. 3. The numerical integration method for designing packed towers is described involving plotting operating and equilibrium curves to determine interface compositions and calculating the height integral.

Uploaded by

رائد عبد العزيز فرحان
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept.

Equipment Design
PACKED COLUMNS
Simplified Design Methods for Absorption
of Dilute Gas Mixtures in Packed and Trays Towers
1. Packed Tower

Z = H OG N OG
If equilibrium is linear

2. Tray Tower

Z :- heigh of tower
N :- number of trays
ℓ :- distance between two trays = 0.5 m
If the equilibrium is liner Y∗ = mX

Example :Gas, from a petroleum distillation column, has its concentration of H2S reduced from 0.03
kmol H2S/kmol of inert hydrocarbon gas to 1 per cent of this value, by scrubbing with a triethanolamine-
water solvent in a countercurrent tower, operating at 300 K and at atmospheric pressure. H2S is soluble
in such a solution and the equilibrium relation may be taken as Y = 2X . The solvent enters the tower
free of H2S and leaves containing 0.013 kmol of H2S/kmol of solvent. If the flow of inert hydrocarbon
gas is 0.015 kmol/m2s and the liquid rate is 1.7 times the minimum , calculate height of tower is required
if the overall coefficient for absorption KOG.a may be taken as 0.04 kmol/sm3 .
Solution

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 1


Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept. Equipment Design
−4

Example: A mixture of ammonia and air is scrubbed in a plate column with fresh water. If the ammonia
concentration is reduced from 5 per cent to 0.01 per cent, and the water and air rates are 0.65 and 0.40
kg/m2s, respectively, how many theoretical plates are required? The equilibrium relationship may be
written as Y = X.
Solution

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 2


Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept. Equipment Design
Absorption of Concentrated
Mixtures in Packed Towers

In a similar manner, the final equation can be derived using film mass transfer coefficient in liquid phase:

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 3


Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept. Equipment Design
All the above design equations cannot be solved analytically and must be solved by numerical integration
as the following steps:
1. Draw the operating curve by using the following equation:

By assuming xn and then find yn+1, plot (yn+1 vs. xn).


2. Draw equilibrium curve.
3. The values of (k xa ) and ( k ya ) are obtained from empirical equations. where the film

coefficient are functions of (Kg total gas/ m2 Sec) & (Kg total liquid/ m2 Sec).
Gy, Lx will be calculated for different values of y and x using that were found by the operating
equation.
So, for different values of y, x in the tower convert the value of G & L to Gy, Lx as follow:
y

4. Starting with tower bottom composition P1 (yB, xB), the interface composition (yiB, xiB) is
determined by plotting line P1M1 with a slop calculated by:

where

Starting with xim = 1 − 1 and yim = 1 − 1 then, the slop of the line P1M1 is calculated by trail and
error.

kxa
⁄
slop = − kya xim
⁄
y im

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 4


Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept. Equipment Design
5. Repeating this technique for several intermediate points in the tower to find the interface
composition for each point.
6. Set up the following table from the collected data:
7. Calculate the integral by using numerical method.

x y Gy Gx xa kya xi yi xim yim (1 − y)2 y − yi f(y)

Example: A tower packed with 25.4 mm (1") ceramic Rasching rings is to be designed to absorb SO2
from air using pure water at 293 K and 101.3 kPa absolute pressure. The entering gas contains 20
mol% SO2 and that leaving 2 mol%. The inert air flow at 6.53x10-4 kmole air/s and the inert water
flow is 0.042 kmole water/s. The tower cross-sectional area is 0.0929 m2. For dilute SO2, the film mass
transfer coefficients at 293 K are given by the following equations:

Where:
Gy is: kg total gas flow rate /m2 s
Lx is: kg total liquid flow rate /m2 s
Calculate the tower height, given the equilibrium data for SO2/air-water system at 293K and 101.3 kPa
as follow:

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 5


Chemical and Petrochemical Eng Dept. Equipment Design
Solution

M.Sc. Abdulrazzaq S. Abdullah 6

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