Assignment On Structural Design Lab - 2 Submitted by PRADYUT ANAND/ MT/CE/10016/19

ASSIGNMENT ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN LAB -2
SUBMITTED BY
PRADYUT ANAND/ MT/CE/10016/19
Problem Statement
Design a sloping roof truss for an automobile shed having dimensions
of 25 m * 30.8 m. Assume column spacing and other required data as
per design.
Solution
Design Philosophy:
A truss is a structure with straight pieces forming triangles to support
a load. The members of the triangles are placed under tension and
compression but do not bend.
With the structural analysis it must be shown that the truss is safe
from:
 Failure of any of its members (strength and stability) including
the connections
 Failure of the truss as a whole (stability)
 Developing excessive deflection.
Working principle: A roof truss will slightly deflect under a vertical

load. The upper chord will be under compression while the lower
chord is under tension. Diagonals can either be compression or
tension members depending on their inclination.
For the design of automobile shed I have chosen PRATT TRUSS.

PRATT TRUSS
A Pratt Truss has been used over the past two centuries as an effective
truss method. The vertical members are in compression, whilst the
diagonal members are in tension.
This has a few effects –
 It reduces the cost of the structure due to more efficient
members.
 Reduces the self-weight and eases the constructability of the
structure.
 This type of truss is most appropriate for horizontal spans, where
the force is predominantly in the vertical direction.
 This simplifies and produces a more efficient design since the
steel in the diagonal members (in tension) can be reduced.
Advantages
 Aware of member’s behaviour – diagonal members are in

tension, vertical members in compression
 The above can be used to design a cost-effective structure
 Simple design
 Well accepted and used design
Disadvantages
 Not as advantageous if the load is not vertical
Best Used For:
 Where a cost-effective design is required

 Where a mix of loads are applied
 Where a simple structure is required
METHODOLOGY
Parameters for Design:
i. Span of Truss = 25m (Given)
ii. Spacing of Truss = 4m (Assumed)
iii. Rise of Truss = 3m (Assumed)
iv. Height of Truss above Ground Level = 6m (Assumed)
v. Weight of ACC Sheets to cover Roof = 150N/m2 (Assumed)
vi. Weight of Purlin and other Fixtures = 120N/m2 (Assumed)
vii. Total No. of Panels = 8 (Assumed)
viii. Opening Wall Area = 10% (Assumed)
ix. Probable Life = 25 years (Assumed)
x. Terrain Category - 3, Class – A , Location - Ranchi (Given)
xi. Topography Plane – Horizontal and Ground Upwind Slope < 3.
(Assumed)
Geometry:
Figure 1- Pratt Truss

Calculations:
Truss Geometry Calculations:
a) Length of Principal Rafter (L0U4)
+ 3 = 12.855𝑚
b) Length of Each Panel in Sloping (L0U1,U1U2,U2U3,U3U4)
.
= 3.212 𝑚
c) Inclination of Principal Rafter (𝜽)
θ = tan = 13.5
.
d) Length of Each Panel in Plan
3.212 ∗ cos 13.5 =3.123 m
e) Panel Area
3.123 ∗ 4 = 12.5 𝑚
f) Half Plan Area
12.5 ∗ 4 = 50 𝑚
g) Half Slope Area
12.855 ∗ 4 = 51.42 𝑚
Figure 2- Truss Dimensions
Loading Calculations:
a. Dead Load Calculation
i. Weight of Roofing Material (ACC Sheets)
150N/m2 (Sloping Area)
150 ∗ 51.42 = 7713 𝑁
ii. Weight Of Purlin

120N/m2 (Plan Area)
120 ∗ 50 = 6000 𝑁
iii. Self-Weight of Roof Truss

10 + 5 𝑁/𝑚
10 + 5 133.33𝑁/𝑚
133.33 ∗ 50 = 6666.67 𝑁
iv. Weight of Wind Bracings
Assume 12N/m2 on Plan Area
12 ∗ 50 = 600 𝑁
Total Dead Load = i+ii+iii+iv = 20.98kN
𝟐𝟎.𝟗𝟖
Dead Load per Intermediate Panel Point = = 5.25 kN
𝟒
𝟓.𝟐𝟓
Dead Load per End Panel Point = = 2.62 kN
𝟐
b. Live Load Calculation

𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 750 − 20(𝜃 − 10) 𝑁/𝑚
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 750 − 20(13.5 − 10) = 680.2 𝑁/𝑚
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝑜𝑛 𝑃𝑢𝑟𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑠 = ∗ 680.2 = 453.5 𝑁/𝑚
= 453.5 ∗ 51.42 = 23.32 𝑘𝑁
𝟐𝟑.𝟑𝟐
Dead Load per Intermediate Panel Point = = 5.82 kN
𝟒
𝟓.𝟖𝟐
Dead Load per End Panel Point = = 2.91 kN
𝟐
c. Wind Load Calculation

Wind Design Speed (Vz)
Vz = Vb * k1 * k2 * k3 * k4
K1 = Risk Coefficient based on design Life Span of Structure

= 0.92 for 25 years
K2 = Based on Terrain Category 3, Class – A and Height
.above G.L. – 6m = 0.91
K3 = 1.0
K4 = 1.0
Vz = 32.651 m/s
Wind Pressure (Pz)
Pz = 0.6 * Vz2 = 639.645 N/m2
Design Wind Pressure (Pd) = kd * ka * kc * Pz
Kd = 0.9
Kc = 0.9
Pd = 518.112 ka
Tributary Area Calculations
d. Tributary Area for Columns

6.16 ∗ 6 = 36.96 𝑚
𝑘𝑎 = 1.0
Pd = 518.112 N/m2
e. Tributary Area for Truss
.
2 ∗ 6.16 ∗ = 158.96 𝑚
.
𝑘𝑎 = 0.8
Pd = 414.49 N/m2
f. Tributary Area for Purlin
3.123 ∗ 6.16 = 19.237
Ka = 0.9
Pd = 466.3 N/m2
g. Tributary Area for Walls

(𝟔 ∗ 𝟐𝟓) + (𝟎. 𝟓 ∗ 𝟐𝟓 ∗ 𝟑) = 𝟏𝟖𝟕. 𝟓 𝒎𝟐
𝒌𝒂 = 𝟎. 𝟖
Pd = 518.112 N/m2
Assume 10% opening so Cpi = 0.5
= = 0.24
𝜃 = 13.5
Cpnet = -1.46
Wind Load (F) = (Cpnet) * A* Pz
F = -1.46 * 51.42 *414.49 = -30.26kN
𝟑𝟎.𝟐𝟔
Wind Load per Intermediate Panel Point = = -7.56 kN
𝟒
𝟕.𝟓𝟔
Dead Load per End Panel Point = = -3.783 kN
𝟐
Design of Purlin
Span of purlin = 4m
Spacing of purlin = 3.21374 m
Loads action on purlin
Dead Loads
i. Self-Weight of GI Sheets = 150 N/m2
ii. Self-Weight of purlin = 120 N/m2
iii. Self-Weight of Bracings = 12 N/m2
iv. Total Dead Load (W1) = 282 N/m2
Total Dead Load (W1) = 282*3.21374 = 907 N/m
Live Load on purlin
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 750 − 20(𝜃 − 10) 𝑁/𝑚
𝐿𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑 = 750 − 20(13.5 − 10) = 680.2 𝑁/𝑚
Total Live Load (W2) = 680.2*3.21374 = 2185.98 N/m
Wind Load on purlin
Wind Load (W3) = -1.46 *414.49*3.21374 = -1944.81 N/m
Total Load (W) = W1+W2+W3 =5.04 kN/m
𝑾𝑳^𝟐 𝟓.𝟎𝟒∗𝟒𝟐
𝑴𝒛 = = = 𝟖. 𝟎𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵/𝒎
𝟏𝟎 𝟏𝟎
. ∗
Required Zez = = = 32.256 𝑐𝑚
Minimum Depth = = = 88.88 mm
Minimum Width = = = 66.67 𝑚𝑚
Minimum permissible deflection = = = 22.22 𝑚𝑚
∗ ∗
Actual deflection =
∗ ∗
∗ . ∗
22.22 =
∗ ∗ ∗
Iz = 3780 cm4
Provided angle section: 2 ISA 130*130*16
Iz = 2.56/2 =1.28 m4 (Safe)
Bolted Connection and Gusset Plate Design
Assuming M16 Bolts of grade 4.6 using Gusset Plate of
Thickness 12 mm.
Considering Joint – U3
Parameters:
d=16mm
dh = 18 mm
fub = 400 MPa
fu = 410 MPa
𝛾𝑚𝑏−= 1.25
Minimum Pitch = 3*d = 48 mm ≅ 50 𝑚𝑚

Minimum edge distance = 2*d = 32mm ≅ 40 𝑚𝑚
Shear Capacity of Bolts

In single Shear:
𝑉𝑑𝑠𝑏 =
𝑉𝑛𝑠𝑏 = ∗ [𝑛𝑛 ∗ 𝐴𝑛𝑏 + 𝑛𝑠 ∗ 𝐴𝑠𝑏]
√
.
𝑉𝑑𝑠𝑏 = ∗ 1 ∗ 0.78 ∗ ∗ 16 + 0 = 28.974 𝑘𝑁
. ∗√
In double Shear:
Vdsb =2*28.974 = 58 kN
Bearing Capacity of Bolts

. ∗ ∗ ∗ ∗
𝑉𝑑𝑝𝑏 =
Kb = min. of [ ; − 0.25 ; ; 1.0]

Kb = 0.67
t=min. of [ 2*16 mm ; 12 mm]
t=12mm
Vdpb = 105.48kN
Bolt Value = 58 kN [ Two angle sections are used]
Number of Bolts Required
Member U2U3:
𝟏𝟖𝟎.𝟕𝟐
Bolts = ≅ 𝟓 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
𝟓𝟖
Member U3U4
𝟐𝟒𝟕.𝟐𝟕
Bolts = ≅ 𝟓 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
𝟓𝟖
Member U3L3
𝟑𝟒.𝟗𝟖
Bolts = ≅ 𝟑 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
𝟓𝟖
Member U3L4
𝟕𝟏.𝟑𝟗
Bolts = ≅ 𝟑 𝒃𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔
𝟓𝟖

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ASSIGNMENT ON STRUCTURAL DESIGN LAB -2

Working principle: A roof truss will slightly deflect under a vertical

For the design of automobile shed I have chosen PRATT TRUSS.

 Aware of member’s behaviour – diagonal members are in

 Not as advantageous if the load is not vertical

Best Used For:

 Where a cost-effective design is required

Figure 1- Pratt Truss

b) Length of Each Panel in Sloping (L0U1,U1U2,U2U3,U3U4)

c) Inclination of Principal Rafter (𝜽)

d) Length of Each Panel in Plan

3.212 ∗ cos 13.5 =3.123 m

f) Half Plan Area

g) Half Slope Area

ii. Weight Of Purlin

iii. Self-Weight of Roof Truss

Total Dead Load = i+ii+iii+iv = 20.98kN

b. Live Load Calculation

c. Wind Load Calculation

K1 = Risk Coefficient based on design Life Span of Structure

Tributary Area Calculations

d. Tributary Area for Columns

g. Tributary Area for Walls

Assume 10% opening so Cpi = 0.5

Total Load (W) = W1+W2+W3 =5.04 kN/m

Minimum Pitch = 3*d = 48 mm ≅ 50 𝑚𝑚

Shear Capacity of Bolts

Bearing Capacity of Bolts

Kb = min. of [ ; − 0.25 ; ; 1.0]

Bolt Value = 58 kN [ Two angle sections are used]

Number of Bolts Required

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