Analytic Geometry: Lecture 2:circles

MATH 201
Analytic Geometry
Lecture 2:Circles
Engr. Adriano Mercedes H. Cano Jr.

University of Mindanao
College of Engineering Education
Electronics Engineering
1
Lecture Objectives
Upon completion of this chapter, you should be
able to:
 Learn basic concepts about Circle

 Plot a circle base on equation given.
 Solve problems involving equation of a circle
2
Outline
 Introduction
 Equation of a circle
 Graphing a circle
 Writing equation of a circle
 Forms of equation of a circle
 Terminologies
 Techniques in solving problems involving
circle
3
Circle
 A set of points (locus) which are equidistant
from a fixed point called center. The distance
from the center to any points is called radius
 Two quantities that are

needed to find the
equation of a circle:
 Center
 Radius
Equation of a Circle
centered at (0,0)
Example 1
Determine the center and radius of the given equation of circle.
Example 2
 Consider the circle below. Fine the
equation of the circle
The center is at the origin To determine the radius:
This leads to the

equation of the circle:
Exercises
 Find the equation of the following circles with
center at the origin and:
 radius √ 3 units
 passing through the point (–5 ; 12)
 passing through ( 1/2 ; 1/2 )
8
Equation of a Circle
centered at (h,k)
Example 3
Example 4
Write the standard equation of the circle:
with center at (4, 7) and radius of 5 units
(x – 4)2 + (y – 7)2 = 25
Example 5
Determine its center and radius.
by completing the square and factorize

Solution.
Example 6
Write the standard equation of the circle:
Center (2, -9) Radius of 11
(x – 2)2 + (y + 9)2 = 11
Exercise
 Determine the co-ordinates of the centre of
the circle and the radius for each of the
following:
 (x – 3)2 + (y – 2)2 = 9
 x2 + y2 – x – 2y – 5 = 0
 x2 + y2 + 2x – 6y + 9 = 0
 Write the standard equation of the circle with
center at (-3, 8) and a radius of 6.2 units
Exercise
General Equation of a Circle
SUMMARY
Circle
x2 + y2 = r2
(x – h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
General
Equations Form
Standard Form
Terminologies
18
Terminologies
19
Terminologies
• A circumscribed circle or
circumcircle passes through all
vertices of a plane figure and
contains the entire figure in its
interior.
• The center of this circle is
called the circumcenter.
20
Notes!!!
 For a polygon, each side of the polygon must
be tangent to the circle.
 All triangles and regular polygons have
circumscribed and inscribed circles.
 The radius of the circle is always
perpendicular to the tangent line
21
Terminologies
• An inscribed circle is the
largest possible circle that can
be drawn on the inside of a
plane figure.
• For a regular polygon, the
inradius (the radius of the
inscribed circle) is called the
apothem.
• A unique circle inscribed to a
For a polygon, each side of the polygon
triangle is called the incircle. must be tangent to the circle. All triangles
and regular polygons have circumscribed
and inscribed circles.
22
Problems involving Equation
of a circle
Hints.
 Make a rough sketch of the problem
 Analyze
 Practice
24
Points inside, on, outside
a circle
Two Methods
1. Calculate the distance from the center and
compare this distance with the radius
2. Substitute the coordinates into the equations
of the circle.
Example 7
26
Excersice
27
Intersection of a line and a
circle
28
Example 8
29
Example 8
30
Example 9
31
Example 9
32
Exercise
33
Finding the equation of a
circle: Given 3 points
34
Example 10
35
Exersice
36
circle: Given 2 points and equation of the line
37
Example 11
38
Example 11
39
Cramer’s rule
40
Cramer’s rule
41
Cramer’s rule
42
Cramer’s rule
43
circle: Given 2 points and equation of the
tangent at one these points
44
Example 12
 Slope of the perpendicular line: - ½

 Equation of the perpendicular line:
 y – (-2) = (-1/2) (x-(-3))
 y+2 = (-1/2) (x+3)
 2y +4 = -x-3
 x+y+7=0
 g+f+7=0 eq1
45
Example 12
 (-3,-2) on the circle:
 (3)^2 +(2)^2 +2g(-3)+2f(-2)+c=0
 9+4-6g-4f+c=0
 -6g-4f+c=0 eq 2
 (0,-1) on the circle:
 (0) +(-1) +2g(0)+2f(-1)+c=0
 -2f-1+c=0 eq 3
46
Exercise
47
circle: Given a radius, a point and equation of
the line
48
Example 13
49
Example 13
50
Exercise
51
Equation of a tangent to a
circle at a given point.
52
Example 14
53
Proving that a line is a tangent
to a circle
54
Exercise 15
55
Length of a tangent to a circle
from a point outside the circle
56
Exercise 16
57
Exercise
58
Exercise
59
Tangents parallel or
perpendicular to a given line
60
Example 17
61
Equations from a tangent
outside a circle
62
Example 18
63
Example 18
64

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MATH 201

Engr. Adriano Mercedes H. Cano Jr.

 Learn basic concepts about Circle

 Two quantities that are

This leads to the

Determine its center and radius.

by completing the square and factorize

 Slope of the perpendicular line: - ½

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