SECTION 23 65 00 Cooling Towers

03-01-20
SECTION 23 65 00
COOLING TOWERS
SPEC WRITER NOTES:

1. DELETE BETWEEN //---// if not
applicable to project. Also delete any
other item or paragraph not applicable
in the section and renumber the
paragraphs. Specify packaged cooling
towers except in the rare cases where
field assembled type has been selected.
2. Provide the year of latest edition to
each publication given in Article 1.5
APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS.
PART 1 - GENERAL
1.1 DESCRIPTION
A. This section covers Packaged, //induced draft //forced draft //open
circuit cooling tower// closed circuit fluid cooler//complete with fill,
fan, //inlet louvers //and associated accessories and equipment.
1.2 RELATED WORK
A. Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS, PRODUCT DATA, AND SAMPLES.
B. Section 03 30 00, CAST IN PLACE CONCRETE.
//D. Section 13 05 41, SEISMIC RESTRAINT REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-STRUCTURAL
COMPONENTS.//
C. Section 22 10 00, FACILITY WATER REQUIREMENT.
E. Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC.
F. Section 23 05 12, GENERAL MOTOR REQUIREMENTS FOR HVAC and STEAM
GENERATION EQUIPMENT.
G. Section 23 05 41, NOISE and VIBRATION CONTROL FOR HVAC PIPING and
EQUIPMENT.
H. Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC PIPING.
I. Section 23 25 00, HVAC WATER TREATMENT.
J. Section 23 31 00, HVAC DUCTS and CASINGS.
K. Section 26 29 11, MOTOR CONTROLLERS.
1.3 QUALITY ASSURANCE
A. Refer to Article, QUALITY ASSURANCE, in specification Section 23 05 11,
COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC.
B. Design Criteria:
1. Design to withstand ______Pa (___ psf) wind load.
2. Free water drift loss shall not be greater than five hundredths of
one percent (0.005) of the water circulated to tower.
23 65 00-1
03-01-20
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify dB(A) level

based on the project specific acoustic
analysis and local ordinance.
3. Sound levels at 1.5 meters (5 feet) and 17 meters (55 feet) in any
direction from the tower shall not exceed _____dB (A) and _____dB
(A), respectively. Select “low Noise” model cooling towers, where
available. Provide sound attenuators if necessary to meet the noise
criteria.
C. Performance Criteria:
1. Manufacturer shall certify that performance of cooling towers will
meet contract requirements, stating entering air wet bulb
temperature, entering and leaving condenser water temperatures, water
flow rates, fan kW (horsepower) //and pump head at base of tower//.
Certification shall be made at the time of submittal.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: CTI certification under
Standard 201 applies only to selections
with entering water temperature of 51.7
degrees C (125 degrees F) or less,
temperature ranges of 2.2 degrees C (4
degrees F) or more, temperature approaches
of 2.8 degrees C (5 degrees F) or more,
and wet bulb between 15.5 degrees C to
29.5 degrees C (60 degrees F to 85 degrees
F).
2. Cooling Technology Institute (CTI) Certified Towers: These towers

shall have been tested, rated, and certified in accordance with
Cooling Technology Institute (CTI) Standard 201, and shall bear the
CTI certification label, and shall be listed in the CTI directory of
certified cooling towers.
3. The alignment and balancing of the fans, motors and drive shaft as
installed shall operate within the vibration tolerance specified in
specification Section 23 05 41, NOISE and VIBRATION CONTROL FOR HVAC
PIPING and EQUIPMENT.
1.4 SUBMITTALS
A. Submit in accordance with specification Section 01 33 23, SHOP DRAWINGS,
PRODUCT DATA, and SAMPLES.
B. Shop Drawings
1. Sufficient information, clearly presented, shall be included to
determine compliance with drawings and specifications.
23 65 00-2
03-01-20
2. Include rated capacities, pressure drop, fan performance and rating

curves, dimensions, weights, mounting details, front view, side view,
equipment and device arrangement.
3. Include electrical rating, detail wiring for power, signals and
controls.
//4. Pump characteristic curve for the closed circuit fluid cooler. //
5. Sound curves and characteristics of sound attenuators if required to
meet the noise criteria.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: If the scope of work
involves, total building commissioning,
coordinate all documentation requirements
with the commissioning efforts.
C. Certification:
1. Submit four copies of performance curves, for CTI certified cooling
towers, showing compliance with actual conditions specified, to the
Resident Engineer two weeks prior to delivery of the equipment.
2. Two weeks prior to final inspection, submit four copies of the
following to the Resident Engineer:
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify the seismic
design category for the project so the
cooling tower manufacturers can
check/design seismic strength of their
equipment. Delete the following paragraph
if the seismic design category is A or B.
a. Certification from the manufacturer that the cooling tower(s),

accessories, and components are suitable for seismic design
category ___ installations and that the unit will be fully
operational after the seismic event at the project site.
b. Certification by the manufacturer that the cooling towers conform
to the requirements of the drawings and specifications.
c. Certification by the Contractor that the cooling towers have been
installed, adjusted, and tested.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Insert the year of
approved latest edition of the
publications between the brackets //----//
and delete the brackets if applicable to
this project.
1.5 APPLICABLE PUBLICATIONS
A. The publications listed below form a part of this specification to the
extent referenced. The publications are referenced in the text by the
basic designation only.
23 65 00-3
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B. American National Standard Institute (ANSI/ASSE)

A10.18-//2007-R2012)//..Safety Requirements for Temporary Floors, Holes,
Wall Openings, Stairways and Other Unprotected
Edges in Construction and Demolition Operations
C. American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME):
PTC 23-//2003//.........Performance Test Codes on Atmospheric Water
Cooling Equipment
D. American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM):
A385-//2017//...........Standard Practice for Providing High-Quality
Zinc Coatings (Hot-Dip)
B117-//2018//...........Standard Practice for Operating Salt Spray (Fog)
Apparatus
B209-//2014//...........Standard Specification for Aluminum and
Aluminum-Alloy Sheet and Plate
E84-//2014//............Standard Test Method for Surface Burning
Characteristics of Building Materials
E. Cooling Technology Institute (CTI):
ATC-105-//2017//........Acceptance Test Code for Water-Cooling Towers
(CTI Code Tower Standard Specifications)
ATC-105S//2011//........Acceptance Test Code for Closed Circuit Cooling
Towers (CTI Code Tower Standard Specifications)
201-//2011//............Standard for Certification of Water Cooling
Tower Thermal Performance (CTI Code Tower
Standard Specifications)
F. National Electrical Manufacturers Association (NEMA):
MG 1-//2019//Includes...Motors and Generators (ANSI)
250-//2014//............Enclosures for Electrical Equipment (1000 Volts
Maximum)
G. National Fire Protection Association (NFPA):
70-//2017//.............National Electrical Code
PART 2 - PRODUCTS
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Induced draft open
circuit cooling towers should be used on a
majority of projects. In general, cross-
flow type shall be used, where winter
operation is required, specify counter-
flow type.
23 65 00-4
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2.1 INDUCED DRAFT OPEN CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER:

A. Cooling tower shall be a factory assembled, induced draft, //cross-
flow //counter-flow // type with a vertical discharge configuration.
DESIGNER NOTE: Use stainless steel for all

principal panels and structural elements,
hot and cold water basins, fan deck, etc.
for the High-Humidity locations listed in
the VA HVAC Design Manual
B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage)// Galvanized Steel// Stainless

Steel // Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic (FRP) with UV inhibitors. //
//1. Galvanized Steel: Hot-dip galvanized steel complying with ASTM
A653/A653M, and having G235 (Z700) coating. //
//2. Stainless Steel: ASTM A666, Type 304. //
//3. Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic: FRP with maximum flame spread rating
of five according to ASTM E84 and with UV inhibitors. //
4. Fasteners: Zinc or cadmium coated bolts or tapping screws for
assembly. Use stainless steel washers with neoprene backing where
required for preventing leaks.
5. Joints and Seams: Sealed watertight.
6. Welded connections: Continuous and watertight.
C. Framing: //Rolled structural steel shapes, hot-dip galvanized after
fabrication or structural shapes cold formed from galvanized steel
sheets or plates, complying with ASTM A653/A653M, and having G235 (Z700)
coating. //Rolled or formed structural stainless steel conforming to
ASTM A666, Type 304. //
D. Louvers:
1. Spaced to minimize air resistance and prevent splash out. Louver
materials shall be similar to the casings or may be polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) if formed integral with the fill material.
//2. 25 mm (1 inch) inlet screen, hot dipped // galvanized steel or copper
// stainless steel. // Attach the screen securely to air intakes.
E. Fill: // PVC // FRP // resistant to rot, decay and biological attack;
with a maximum flame spread rating of five per ASTM E84 and fabricated,
formed and installed by manufacturer to ensure that water breaks up into
droplets.
F. Drift Eliminators: Same as fill material. Effectively trap water
droplets entrained in discharge air stream and limit drift loss to less
than 0.005 percent of the total water circulated. Sections shall be
23 65 00-5
03-01-20
assembled into easily removable racks of the same material as the

casing. Eliminators can be PVC neoprene honeycomb type.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Eliminate the
combustible materials when cooling tower
is located 12 meters (40 feet) or closer
to hazards such as chimneys, and
incinerators, or when roof mounted.
G. Hot Water Distribution System: Open basin, flume and troughs, or a pipe
system with nozzles spaced for even distribution of water over fill
material. Provide access door. System shall be self-draining and
non-clogging. Spray nozzles, if used, shall be cleanable stainless
steel, bronze or high impact plastic, non-clog, removable type properly
spaced for even distribution. Provide cover for entire nozzle area or
flume/trough area. // Provide manufacturer's standard pre-strainer
assembly and butterfly or globe valve, for cross flow tower, to balance
the water flow to each basin. //
H. Cold Water Collection Basin: Heavy gauge, zinc-coated or hot-dip
galvanized steel, same as the casing // stainless steel // FRP with UV
inhibitors //. Overflow, drain not less than DN (Deutsches Normung) 50
(NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 2), and a 304 stainless steel strainer assembly
with openings smaller than nozzle orifices and with built-in vortex
baffling to prevent cavitation and air entrainment in the water basin
circulating pump.
I. Accessories: Make-up water, overflow and drain connections//; Equalizer
connection (multiple cooling tower systems)//; Flume plate between
adjacent cells (multi-cell units only)//.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: On large multiple tower
systems, on small systems with a single
tower 50 tons or larger, or on systems
requiring remote level indication/alarm
capability, provide electronic level
control. Locate the sensor in the
equalization line on multiple tower
systems.
J. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

adjustable make-up water float valve. // Electronic operated with slow
closing 120V solenoid valve and NEMA MG 1, Type 4x enclosure. Solid
state controls with stainless steel electrode probes and relays factory
wired to a terminal strip to provide control of makeup valve, low and
high level alarms and output for shutoff of pump on low level//.
23 65 00-6
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K. Fans: Heavy duty axial flow type, //belt//gear// driven and balanced at
the factory after assembly, with //cast aluminum or aluminum alloy //FRP
// blades. Fans shall be driven by // single speed // variable speed //
motor. The fan drive and moving parts shall be completely enclosed by
removable hot-dip galvanized screens and panels complying with OSHA
regulations. Fan shaft bearings of the self-aligning, grease-lubricated
ball or roller bearings with moisture proof seals and premium, moisture-
resistant grease suitable for temperatures between minus 29 and 149
degrees C (minus 20 and plus 300 degrees F). Bearings designed for an
L-10 life of // 40,000 // 50,000 // hours and with extended lubrication
lines to an easily accessible location outside of the wet air stream.
Provide access doors for inspection and cleaning.
L. Motors and drives:
installed shall operate within the vibration limits specified in
2. In addition to the requirements of specification Section 23 05 11,
COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC, the following shall apply:
a. Motors: Totally enclosed or epoxy encapsulated NEMA MG 1. Protect
fan, bearings, and appurtenances from damage by weather,
corrosion, water spray and grit. Provide motors with severe duty
rating with the rotor and stator protected with corrosion-
inhibiting epoxy resin, double shielded, vacuum-degassed bearings
lubricated with premium moisture-resistant grease suitable for
temperatures between minus 29 and plus 149 degrees C (minus 20 and
plus 300 degrees F), and an internal heater automatically
energized when motor is de-energized. Provide an adjustable motor
base or other suitable provision for adjusting belt tension.
b. Fans for towers of 350 kW (100 tons) and less shall be belt
driven. For towers larger than 350 kW (100 tons), fan shall be
driven through a gear reducer, or driven by a V belt.
1) Gear reducer drive: Specially designed for cooling tower
operation, with dynamically balanced drive shaft assembly or
shock absorbent flexible coupling requiring no lubrication,
cast iron case with readily accessible oil drum and fill, and
self-contained oil reservoir sealed against water entrance.
23 65 00-7
03-01-20
2) V Belt Drive: Fan shall be driven by a one-piece,

multi-groove, neoprene/polyester belt, where this is the
manufacturer’s standard. Belt drives shall be "V" type as
specified in specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK
RESULTS FOR HVAC. Belt driven fan and motor shafts shall have
taper-lock sheaves fabricated from corrosion resistant
material.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Coordinate motor and
starter requirements with ELECTRICAL.
c. Motor Controllers: Provide variable speed motors and controllers,

if shown on drawings for cooling tower fans. See specification
Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC.
d. Lubrication fittings shall be readily accessible outside the wet
air stream. Provide access doors for inspection and cleaning.
e. The alignment and balancing of the fans, motors and drive shaft as
installed shall operate within the vibration tolerance specified
in specification Section 23-05-41, NOISE and VIBRATION CONTROL FOR
HVAC PIPING and EQUIPMENT.
M. Fans over 1500 mm (60 inches) in diameter include a vibration cutout
switch located in a protected position to effectively monitor fan
vibration. Vibration switch shall be solid-state with adjustable time
delay in NEMA 250, Type 4 enclosure. It shall stop fan motor under
excessive fan vibration. //Interface the vibration cut-out switch with
the DDC control system to provide an alarm in the event the fans stop
due to excessive vibration.//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Designer shall show
handrails, ladders, and platforms required
for maintenance of cooling towers on
drawings. The design shall comply with
OSHA Standards. Coordinate with
manufacturer’s requirements for
maintenance access.
N. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

conformance with the ANSI A10.18 as follows:
1. Fan Guard: Removable fan discharge with a rigid framed screen guard,
installed over the fan cylinder.
2. Ladders: Vertical hot-dip galvanized steel or aluminum ladder for
each tower located outdoors. Ladders higher than 3.6 meters (12 feet)
shall have safety cage. Ladders shall extend to within 300 mm (one
foot) of the grade or the roof deck surface.
23 65 00-8
03-01-20
3. Hand Railing: Steel or aluminum hand railings not less than 1070 mm
(42 inches) high around perimeter of each fan-deck, or working
surface 3.6 meters (12 feet) or more above ground, roof or other
supporting construction. Handrails shall meet OSHA Standards.
4. Platform: Galvanized steel with a bar grating floor.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete paragraph O and P
when winter operation is not required.
O. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

installed in a threaded coupling on the side of the basin and with
watertight junction boxes mounted in the basin with sufficient capacity
to maintain plus 4 degrees C (40 degrees F) water in the basin at
___degrees C (___degrees F) ambient. Provide a NEMA 250, //Type 3R //
Type 4 // Type 4X// mounted on the side of each cooling tower cell with
magnetic contactors controlled by a temperature sensor/controller to
maintain collection basin water-temperature set point. Provide a water-
level probe to monitor cooling tower water level and de-energize the
heater when the water reaches low-level set point. Provide a control-
circuit transformer with primary and secondary side fuses, terminal
blocks with numbered and color-coded wiring to match wiring diagram,
Single-point, field-power connection to a // fused disconnect switch //
nonfused disconnect switch // circuit breaker// and heater branch
circuiting complying with NFPA 70. Provide a Metal raceway for factory-
installed wiring outside of enclosures, except make connections to each
electric basin heater with liquid tight conduit.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify electric heat
tracing if cooling tower is specified
independent of HVAC Piping Systems.
P. Electric Heat Tracing: Provide in specification Section 23 21 13,

HYDRONIC PIPING.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify discharge hood,
if necessary, to increase leaving air
velocity to avoid recirculation.
//Q. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

stainless steel, //same as the casing with factory installed access
door. //
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Forced draft open
circuit cooling towers should be used on
projects where the tower is indoors,
requires ductwork, or is operated in the
winter.
23 65 00-9
03-01-20
2.2 FORCED DRAFT OPEN CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER:

A. Cooling tower shall be a factory assembled, forced draft, counter-flow
type with a vertical discharge configuration.
hot and cold water basins, etc. for the
High-Humidity locations.
B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage) // Galvanized Steel // Stainless

ASTM A666, Type 304. //
D. Fill:// PVC // FRP // resistant to rot, decay and biological attack;
with a maximum flame spread rating of five per ASTM E84 and fabricated,
formed and installed by manufacturer to ensure that water breaks up into
droplets.
E. Drift Eliminators: Same as fill material. Effectively trap water
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Eliminate the
combustible materials when cooling tower
is located 12 meters (40 feet) or closer
to hazards such as chimneys, and
incinerators, or when roof mounted.
23 65 00-10
03-01-20
F. Hot Water Distribution System: Open basin, flume and troughs, or a pipe
system with nozzles spaced for even distribution of water over fill
material. Provide access door. System shall be self-draining and
non-clogging. Spray nozzles, if used, shall be cleanable stainless
steel, bronze or high impact plastic, non-clog, removable type properly
spaced for even distribution. Provide cover for entire nozzle area or
flume/trough area. // Provide manufacturer's standard pre-strainer
assembly and butterfly or globe valve, for cross flow tower, to balance
the water flow to each basin. //
G. Cold Water Collection Basin: Heavy gauge, zinc-coated or hot-dip
inhibitors //. Overflow, drain not less than DN (Deutsches Normung) 50
(NPS (Nominal Pipe Size) 2), and a 304 stainless steel strainer assembly
with openings smaller than nozzle orifices and with built-in vortex
baffling to prevent cavitation and air entrainment in the water basin
circulating pump.
H. Accessories: Make-up water, overflow and drain connections, Equalizer
connection (multiple cooling tower systems) Flume plate between adjacent
cells (multi-cell units only).//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: On large multiple tower
systems, on small systems with a single
tower 50 tons or larger, or on systems
requiring remote level indication/alarm
capability, provide electronic level
control. Locate the sensor in the
equalization line on multiple tower
systems
I. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

J. Fans: Centrifugal double width, double inlet, forward curved blades,
belt driven and statically and dynamically balanced at the factory after
assembly. Hot-dip galvanized steel centrifugal fans belt driven by //
single speed // variable speed // motor. The fan drive and moving parts
shall be completely enclosed by removable hot-dip galvanized screens and
panels complying with OSHA regulations. Fan shaft bearings of the self
aligning, grease-lubricated ball or roller bearings with moisture proof
23 65 00-11
03-01-20
seals and premium, moisture-resistant grease suitable for temperatures

between minus 29 and 149 degrees C (minus 20 and plus 300 degrees F).
Bearings designed for an L-10 life of // 40,000 // 50,000 // hours and
with extended lubrication lines to an easily accessible location outside
of the wet air stream. Provide access doors for inspection and
cleaning.
K. Motors and drives:
b. V Belt Drive: Fan shall be driven by a one-piece, multi-groove,
neoprene/polyester belt, where this is the manufacturer’s
standard. Belt drives shall be "V" type as specified in
specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC. Belt
driven fan and motor shafts shall have taper-lock sheaves
fabricated from corrosion resistant material.

23 65 00-12
03-01-20

L. Fans with motors over 15 KW (20 HP) shall include a vibration cutout
for maintenance of cooling towers on
maintenance access.
M. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

1. Fan Guard: Removable rigid framed screen guard, installed over the
inlet side of the fan.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete paragraph N and O
N. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

___degrees C (___degrees F) ambient. Provide a NEMA 250, // Type 3R //
Type 4 // Type 4X// mounted on the side of each cooling tower cell with
magnetic contactors controlled by a temperature sensor/controller to
maintain collection basin water-temperature set point. Provide a water-
level probe to monitor cooling tower water level and de-energize the
23 65 00-13
03-01-20
circuiting complying with NFPA 70. Provide a metal raceway for factory-
tracing if cooling tower is specified
O. Electric Heat Tracing: Provide in specification Section 23 21 13,

HYDRONIC PIPING.
velocity to avoid recirculation. Provide
automatic control damper on cooling towers
designed to operate in the winter.
//P. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

door// and automatic control damper.//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify sheet metal
ducts, if cooling tower is to be installed
indoors.
//Q. Sheet Metal Ducts: Provide in specification Section 23 31 00, HVAC DUCTS
AND CASINGS.//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Induced draft closed
circuit coolers will be used on projects
requiring a cooler, installed outdoors and
not operated in the winter.
2.3 INDUCED DRAFT CLOSED CIRCUIT FLUID COOLER

A. Cooler shall be a factory assembled, induced draft, //cross-flow
//counter-flow // type with a vertical discharge configuration.
hot and cold water basins, fan deck, etc.
for the High-Humidity locations listed in
the VA HVAC Design Manual.

23 65 00-14
03-01-20

5. Joints and seams: Sealed watertight.
ASTM A666, Type 304. //
D. Louvers:
1. Spaced to minimize air resistance and prevent splash out. Louver
materials shall be similar to the casings or may be polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) if formed integral with the fill material.
2. 12.7 mm (l/2 inch) // hot-dip galvanized-steel or copper // stainless
steel // Attach screens securely to air intakes.
E. Drift Eliminators: Same as fill material. Effectively trap water
DESIGNER NOTE: Provide stainless steel
basin for the High-Humidity locations
listed in the VA HVAC Design Manual.
F. Cold Water Collection Basin: Heavy gauge zinc-coated or hot-dip

inhibitors //. Overflow drain not less than 50 mm (2-inches), and a 304
stainless steel strainer assembly with openings smaller than nozzle
orifices and with built-in vortex baffling to prevent cavitation and air
entrainment in the water basin circulating pump.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: On large systems (> 50
tons) or on systems requiring remote level
indication/alarm capability, provide
electronic level control.
G. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

23 65 00-15
03-01-20

DESIGNER NOTE: Use copper or stainless
steel tubes for the High-Humidity
locations listed in the VA HVAC Design
Manual.
H. Cooling Coil Sections: // Prime-coated steel tube and sheet with outer
surface of tube and sheet hot-dip galvanized after fabrication// Copper
tube with stainless-steel sheet// // Stainless-steel tube and sheet//,
tested at 2410 kPa (350 psig) air pressure under water. Slope tubes to
permit free drainage of fluid. // Design and manufacture and test coils
according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII,
Division 1, and bearing ASME “U” stamp. Design coil and casing housing
section for easy removal of coil. Coil section shall be of the
serpentine design type with coil tubing welded into service pipe
connection header. Provide flanged piping connections suitable for
field mounting on the vent, supply and return water lines to the coil.
I. Water Distribution System: Open gravity type or individual removable
non-clogging spray nozzle type and specifically designed that each
trough or spray nozzle extends the entire length of the cooling coil
section to complete wetting of the cooling coil at all times. Construct
water distribution system of hot-dip galvanized steel or Schedule 40
PVC. Provide corrosion resistant hangers and supports designed to resist
movement during operation and shipment.
J. Cooler Water Distribution Circulating Pump: Close coupled bronze fitted
centrifugal circulating pump with mechanical seal suitable for outdoor
use, suction strainer, and flow balancing valve. Pump shall be
completely piped to suction strainer and water distribution system,
mounted to drain completely when tower basin is drained. Include a bleed
line with valve between pump discharge and overflow pipe. For pump
motor, see specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC.
K. Fans: Heavy duty axial flow type, //belt//gear// driven and balanced at
the factory after assembly, with //cast aluminum or aluminum alloy //FRP
// blades. Fans shall be driven by // single speed // variable speed //
motor. The fan drive and moving parts shall be completely enclosed by
removable hot-dip galvanized screens and panels complying with OSHA
regulations. Fan shaft bearings of the self aligning, grease-lubricated
23 65 00-16
03-01-20
ball or roller bearings with moisture proof seals and premium, moisture-
resistant grease suitable for temperatures between minus 29 and 149
degrees C (minus 20 and plus 300 degrees F). Bearings designed for an
L-10 life of // 40,000 // 50,000 // hours and with extended lubrication
lines to an easily accessible location outside of the wet air stream.
Provide access doors for inspection and cleaning.
L. Motors and drives:
b. Fans for coolers of 350 kW (100 tons) and less shall be belt
driven. For coolers larger than 350 kW (100 tons), fan shall be
driven through a gear reducer, or driven by a V belt.
1) Gear reducer drive: Specially designed for cooler operation,
with dynamically balanced drive shaft assembly or shock
absorbent flexible coupling requiring no lubrication, cast iron
case with readily accessible oil drum and fill, and
self-contained oil reservoir sealed against water entrance.
2) V Belt Drive: Fan shall be driven by a one-piece,
multi-groove, neoprene/polyester belt, where this is the
manufacturer’s standard. Belt drives shall be "V" type as
specified in specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK
RESULTS FOR HVAC. Belt driven fan and motor shafts shall have
taper-lock sheaves fabricated from corrosion resistant
material.
23 65 00-17
03-01-20


M. Fans over 1500 mm (60 inches) in diameter include a vibration cutout
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete paragraph N and O
N. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

Type 4 // Type 4X// enclosure mounted on the side of each cooler cell
with magnetic contactors controlled by a temperature sensor/controller
to maintain collection basin water-temperature set point. Provide a
water-level probe to monitor cooler water level and de-energize the
circuiting complying with NFPA 70. Provide a Metal raceway for factory-
23 65 00-18
03-01-20

tracing if fluid cooler is specified
O. Electric Heat Tracing: Refer to specification Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC

PIPING.
for maintenance of fluid coolers on
maintenance access.
P. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

1. Fan Guard: Removable fan discharge with a rigid framed screen guard,
installed over the fan cylinder.
velocity to avoid recirculation.
//Q. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

door.//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Forced draft closed
circuit coolers will be used on projects
requiring a cooler, installed indoors or
outdoors and suitable to be operated in
the winter.
2.4 FORCED DRAFT CLOSED CIRCUIT FLUID COOLER

A. Cooler shall be a factory assembled, forced draft, counter-flow type
with a vertical discharge configuration.
hot and cold water basins, etc. for the
23 65 00-19
03-01-20
High-Humidity locations listed in the VA

HVAC Design Manual.

6. Welded Connections: Continuous and watertight.
ASTM A666, Type 304. //
D. Drift Eliminators: Same as fill material. Effectively trap water
E. Cold Water Collection Basin: Heavy gauge zinc-coated or hot-dip
inhibitors //. Overflow; drain not less than 50 mm (2-inches), and a
304 stainless steel strainer assembly with openings smaller than nozzle
orifices and with built-in vortex baffling to prevent cavitation and air
entrainment in the water basin circulating pump.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: On large systems (> 50
tons) or on systems requiring remote level
indication/alarm capability, provide
electronic level control.
F. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

23 65 00-20
03-01-20

DESIGNER NOTE: Use copper or stainless
steel tubes for the High-Humidity
locations listed in the VA HVAC Design
Manual.
G. Cooling Coil Sections: // Prime-coated steel tube and sheet with outer
surface of tube and sheet hot-dip galvanized after fabrication// Copper
tube with stainless-steel sheet// // Stainless-steel tube and sheet//,
tested at 2410 kPa (350 psig) air pressure under water. Slope tubes to
permit free drainage of fluid. // Design and manufacture and test coils
according to ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code: Section VIII,
Division 1, and bearing ASME “U” stamp. Design coil and casing housing
section for easy removal of coil. Coil section shall be of the
serpentine design type with coil tubing welded into service pipe
connection header. Provide flanged piping connections suitable for
field mounting on the vent, supply and return water lines to the coil.
H. Water Distribution System: Open gravity type or individual removable
non-clogging spray nozzle type and specifically designed that each
trough or spray nozzle extends the entire length of the cooling coil
section to complete wetting of the cooling coil at all times. Construct
water distribution system of hot-dip galvanized steel or Schedule 40
PVC. Provide corrosion resistant hangers and supports designed to resist
movement during operation and shipment.
I. Cooler Water Distribution Circulating Pump: Close coupled bronze fitted
centrifugal circulating pump with mechanical seal suitable for outdoor
use, suction strainer, and flow balancing valve. Pump shall be
completely piped to suction strainer and water distribution system,
mounted to drain completely when tower basin is drained. Include a bleed
line with valve between pump discharge and overflow pipe. For pump
motor, see specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC.
J. Fans: Centrifugal double width, double inlet, forward curved blades,
belt driven and statically and dynamically balanced at the factory after
assembly. Hot-dip galvanized steel centrifugal fans belt driven by //
single speed // variable speed // motor. The fan drive and moving parts
shall be completely enclosed by removable hot-dip galvanized screens and
panels complying with OSHA regulations. Fan shaft bearings of the self
aligning, grease-lubricated ball or roller bearings with moisture proof
seals and premium, moisture-resistant grease suitable for temperatures
23 65 00-21
03-01-20
between minus 29 and 149 degrees C (minus 20 and plus 300 degrees F).
Bearings designed for an L-10 life of // 40,000 // 50,000 // hours and
with extended lubrication lines to an easily accessible location outside
of the wet air stream. Provide access doors for inspection and
cleaning.
K. Motors and Drives:
specification Section 23 05 41, NOISE AND VIBRATION CONTROL FOR HVAC
PIPING AND EQUIPMENT.
b. V Belt Drive: Fan shall be driven by a one-piece, multi-groove,
neoprene/polyester belt, where this is the manufacturer’s
standard. Belt drives shall be "V" type as specified in
specification Section 23 05 11, COMMON WORK RESULTS FOR HVAC. Belt
driven fan and motor shafts shall have taper-lock sheaves
fabricated from corrosion resistant material.
23 65 00-22
03-01-20
L. Fans with motors over 15 KW (20 HP) shall include a vibration cutout
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Delete paragraph M and N
M. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

Type 4 // Type 4X// enclosure mounted on the side of each cooler cell
with magnetic contactors controlled by a temperature sensor/controller
to maintain collection basin water-temperature set point. Provide a
water-level probe to monitor cooler water level and de-energize the
circuiting complying with NFPA 70. Provide a metal raceway for factory-
tracing if fluid cooler is specified
N. Electric Heat Tracing: Refer to specification Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC

PIPING.
for maintenance of fluid coolers on
maintenance access.
O. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

23 65 00-23
03-01-20
1. Fan Guard: Removable rigid framed screen guard, installed over the
inlet side of the fan.

velocity to avoid recirculation. Provide
automatic control damper on cooling towers
designed to operate in the winter.
//P. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

door// and automatic control damper.//
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify sheet metal
ducts, if fluid cooler is to be installed
indoors.
//Q. Sheet Metal Ducts: Provide in specification Section 23 31 00, HVAC DUCTS
AND CASINGS. //
2.5 CONTROL PANEL
A. Provide factory furnished control panel for each //cooling tower//fluid
cooler//.
B. Control panel shall be a //factory pre-wired//field installed/wired//
NEMA 250 Type 3 – Drip-proof type enclosure, containing:
1. Unfused disconnect switch.
2. Fan motor variable speed drives/motor starters.
3. Interlocks and relays.
4. Pilot lights and push buttons.
5. //Provide contacts for remote start/stop and for Engineering Control
Center (ECC) interface //.
23 65 00-24
03-01-20
PART 3 - EXECUTION
3.1 INSTALLATION
A. Install cooling tower according to equipment manufacturer’s written
instruction.
B. Install cooling towers plumb, level and anchored on structure provided.
Coordinate steel structure with cooling tower mounting requirements. If
installed on concrete base, refer to Section 03 30 00 CAST IN PLACE
CONCRETE for concrete materials and installation requirements.
C. Install vibration controls according to manufacturer’s recommendations.
D. Install anchor bolts to elevations required for proper attachment to
supported equipment.
E. Maintain manufacturer’s recommended clearances for service and
maintenance.
F. Piping:
1. Install piping, including flanges or union adjacent to cooling towers
to allow for service and maintenance.
2. Install flexible pipe connectors at connections to cooling towers
mounted on vibration isolators.
3. Install shutoff/balancing valves at cooling tower inlet connections.
4. Install piping adjacent to cooling towers to allow service and
maintenance.
5. Provide drain piping with valve at cooling tower drain connections
and at low points in piping.
6. Connect cooling tower overflows and drains, and piping drains to
sanitary sewage system.
7. Domestic Water Piping: Comply with applicable requirements in
Section 22 11 00, FACILITY WATER DISTRIBUTION. Connect to water-level
control with shutoff valve and union, flange, or mechanical coupling
at each connection.
8. Supply and Return Piping: Comply with applicable requirements in
Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC PIPING. Connect to entering cooling tower
connections with shutoff valve, balancing valve, thermometer, plugged
tee with pressure gage, //flow meter // and drain connection with
valve. Connect to leaving cooling tower connection with shutoff
valve. Make connections to cooling tower with a // union // //
flange // mechanical coupling // union, flange, or mechanical
coupling //.
23 65 00-25
03-01-20
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Retain first paragraph

below if external equalizer piping is
required.
9. Equalizer Piping: Piping requirements to match supply and return

piping. Connect an equalizer pipe, full size of cooling tower
connection, between tower cells. Connect to cooling tower with
shutoff valve.
//10. Connect sheet metal ducts to inlet and outlet of liquid tower if
installed indoor. Refer to specification Section 23 31 00, HVAC DUCTS
and CASINGS, for compliance with material and installation
requirements. //
//G. Seismic Restraints: Provide in accordance with Section 13 05 41, SEISMIC
RESTRAINT REQUIREMENTS FOR NON-STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS.//
H. Electrical Wiring: Install electrical devices, components and
accessories furnished loose by manufacturer, including remote flow
switches and variable frequency drives. Refer to Section 26 29 11 MOTOR
CONTROLLERS.
3.2 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Provide the services of an independent testing and inspection agency to
perform the field tests and inspections of non-CTI certified cooling
towers, 700 kW (200 tons) and larger, according to // ASME PTC-23
"Performance Test Code on Cooling Tower Equipment" // Cooling Technology
Institute ATC-105 for Cooling Towers // Cooling Technology Institute
ATC-105C for Liquid Coolers.// Submit qualification of the independent
testing agency to the COR two weeks prior to the inspection for
approval.
B. If the cooling tower does not meet the specified performance, the
Contractor shall make the tower corrections necessary to bring the tower
into compliance with the specified performance including replacing the
tower if necessary. Additional tests will be required until the tower
meets the specified performance. Costs for the tower corrections or
replacement, and tests shall be borne by the Contractor.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Coordinate testing with
the total building commissioning effort.
3.3 STARTUP AND TESTING

A. Provide the services of a factory-authorized and qualified
representative to perform start up service.
B. Clean entire unit including basin.
23 65 00-26
03-01-20
C. Inspect field-assembled components and equipment installation, including

piping and electrical connections.
D. Verify that accessories are properly installed.
E. Obtain and review performance curves and tables.
F. Perform startup checks, according to manufacturer's written
instructions, and as noted below:
1. Check clearances for airflow and tower servicing.
2. Check for vibration isolation and structural support.
3. Verify fan rotation for correct direction and for vibration or
binding and correct problems.
4. Adjust belts to proper alignment and tension.
5. Lubricate rotating parts and bearings.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Retain first paragraph
below for towers with gear drives.
6. Verify proper oil level in gear-drive housing. Fill with oil to

proper level.
7. Operate variable-speed fans through entire operating range and check
for harmonic vibration imbalance. Set motor controller to skip speeds
resulting in abnormal vibration.
8. Check vibration switch setting. Verify operation.
9. Verify operation of basin heater and control.
10. Operate equipment controls and safeties.
11. Verify that tower discharge is high enough and it does not
recirculate into HVAC air intakes. Recommend corrective action.
G. Adjust water level for operating level and balance condenser water flow
to each tower inlet.
H. Check water treatment water system, including blow down for proper
operation of the tower. Refer to Specification Section 23 25 00 HVAC
WATER TREATMENT. Check makeup water-level control and valve.
I. Start cooling tower, including condenser water pumps and verify the
tower operation.
J. Prepare and submit a written report of startup and inspection service to
the COR.
K Replace defective and malfunctioning units.
SPEC WRITER NOTE: Coordinate training with
the total building commissioning process.
23 65 00-27
03-01-20
3.4 COMMISSIONING
A. Provide commissioning documentation in accordance with the requirements
of Section 01 91 00 GENERAL COMMISSIONING REQUIREMENTS and Section 23 08
00 – COMMISSIONING OF HVAC SYSTEMS for all inspection, start up, and
contractor testing required above and required by the System Readiness
Checklist provided by the Commissioning Agent.
B. Components provided under this section of the specification will be
tested as part of a larger system. Refer to Section 23 08 00 –
COMMISSIONING OF HVAC SYSTEMS and related sections for contractor
responsibilities for system commissioning.
3.5 DEMONSTRATION AND TRAINING
A. Provide the services of a competent, factory-trained engineer or
technician for a 3-hour period for instructing VA personnel in operation
and maintenance of the equipment, including review of the operation and
maintenance manual, on a date requested by the COR. Coordinate this
training with that of the chiller, if furnished together.
B. Submit training plans and instructor qualifications in accordance with
the requirements of Section 23 08 00 – COMMISSIONING OF HVAC SYSTEMS.
- - - E N D - - -
23 65 00-28

SECTION 23 65 00 Cooling Towers

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SECTION 23 65 00 Cooling Towers

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03-01-20

SPEC WRITER NOTES:

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify dB(A) level

2. Cooling Technology Institute (CTI) Certified Towers: These towers

2. Include rated capacities, pressure drop, fan performance and rating

a. Certification from the manufacturer that the cooling tower(s),

B. American National Standard Institute (ANSI/ASSE)

2.1 INDUCED DRAFT OPEN CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER:

DESIGNER NOTE: Use stainless steel for all

B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage)// Galvanized Steel// Stainless

assembled into easily removable racks of the same material as the

J. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

2) V Belt Drive: Fan shall be driven by a one-piece,

c. Motor Controllers: Provide variable speed motors and controllers,

N. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

O. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

P. Electric Heat Tracing: Provide in specification Section 23 21 13,

//Q. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

2.2 FORCED DRAFT OPEN CIRCUIT COOLING TOWER:

B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage) // Galvanized Steel // Stainless

I. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

seals and premium, moisture-resistant grease suitable for temperatures

c. Motor Controllers: Provide variable speed motors and controllers,

in specification Section 23-05-41, NOISE and VIBRATION CONTROL FOR

M. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

N. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

O. Electric Heat Tracing: Provide in specification Section 23 21 13,

//P. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

2.3 INDUCED DRAFT CLOSED CIRCUIT FLUID COOLER

B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage) // Galvanized Steel // Stainless

//2. Stainless Steel: ASTM A666, Type 304. //

F. Cold Water Collection Basin: Heavy gauge zinc-coated or hot-dip

G. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

closing 120V solenoid valve and NEMA MG 1, Type 4x enclosure. Solid

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Coordinate motor and

c. Motor Controllers: Provide variable speed motors and controllers,

N. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify electric heat

O. Electric Heat Tracing: Refer to specification Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC

P. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

//Q. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

2.4 FORCED DRAFT CLOSED CIRCUIT FLUID COOLER

High-Humidity locations listed in the VA

B. Casing: Heavy gage (minimum 16 gage) // Galvanized Steel // Stainless

F. Collection Basin Water Level Control: // Mechanically operated bronze

wired to a terminal strip to provide control of makeup valve, low and

M. Electric Basin Heater: Furnish stainless steel electric immersion heater

N. Electric Heat Tracing: Refer to specification Section 23 21 13, HYDRONIC

O. Safety: Provide fan guards, ladders, handrails and platform in

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Specify discharge hood,

//P. Discharge Hood: // Tapered // Straight// // Hot-dip galvanized steel, //

SPEC WRITER NOTE: Retain first paragraph

9. Equalizer Piping: Piping requirements to match supply and return

3.3 STARTUP AND TESTING

C. Inspect field-assembled components and equipment installation, including

6. Verify proper oil level in gear-drive housing. Fill with oil to

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