IJMTST Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778

A Narrative Approach to Five Phase

Transmission System

K. P. Prasad Rao1 | T. Hari Hara Kumar2 | I. Raghunadh3

1Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
2Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA
3Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, K L University, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, INDIA

ABSTRACT
The power demand is increasing day to day and is becoming prime requirement. High Phase Order (HPO)
transmission system is being considered a viable alternative to meet the demand by increasing the power
transmission capability. Mainly the research of HPO systems is going on six and twelve phase transmission
systems since they are multiples of three. But there is no difference in magnitude between the line voltage
and phase voltage. This paper takes the instigation regarding Five Phase transmission system and results
are compared with 132 kV three phase system. This paper investigates the weight of the conductor, sag of
the conductor and spacing between the conductors, Inductance and capacitance calculations required in 132
kV Five Phase transmission system. Also, shows the line model of Five Phase transmission system. So,
industrial loads can be driven with Five Phase supply as a ripple free torque and efficiency will be increased
effectively.

KEYWORDS: Higher Phase Systems, Five Phase Supply, Inductance of 5-Ph T/m Line, Capacitance of 5-Ph
T/m Line, Five Phase Line Model.

Copyright © 2016 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
All rights reserved.

I. INTRODUCTION
Multiphase (more than three phase) systems are Already three phase to n (odd) phase transformer
the focus of research recently due to their inherent connections are proposed [9]. 5-leg inverter is also
advantages compared to their conventional proposed for Five Phase supply [10-11]. So in
systems. The increased interest in HPO Electric future Five Phase supply may preferred for
Power Transmission over past thirty years can be industrial loads. The present work is investigated
traced on a CIRGE paper published by L. D. on Five Phase transmission system. In this paper
Barthold and H. C. Barnes [1]. Since that time, the Weight of the conductor, sag and spacing,
thought of HPO transmission has been described Inductance and Capacitance calculations for Five
in the literature in several papers and report [2]-[7]. Phase transmission system are demonstrated.
Among the HPO, six-phase transmission appears
to be the most promising solution to the need to
increase the capability of existing transmission Five Phase
3ph 3ph-5ph Industrial
lines. But with Increase in number of phases source Conversion Load
certainly enhances the complexity of the system.
There are no designs regarding odd phases like 3, 7
etc. as far as researchers know. Recently
Fig 1: Proposed Scheme Block Diagram
Five-Phase Induction Motor Drive System [8] is
proposed due to several advantages over
II. FIVE PHASE SUPPLY
three-phase machines such as lower pulsations in
torque, higher density in torque, fault tolerance, Figure 2 shows the Phasor diagram of Five Phase
stability and lower current ripple. supply. Each phase is displayed by 720 as shown. If

60 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 A Narrative Approach to Five Phase Transmission System

VAN = VBN = VCN = VDN = VEN = VPh (in magnitude) From above equation it can solve for area of
then VAN = VAN 00, VBN = VBN -720, VCN = VCN cross-section and hence weight of the aluminium
-1440, VDN = VDN -2160 and VEN = VEN -2880. conductor will be:
Van W AL  Volume  D
W AL  5al  D
Φ Ia
Vab
540 1.384 P    l 2
0 Vbn W AL  D (10)
V L2 cos 2   1   
72
Ven
Where,
P is power to be transmitted.
-Vbn
l is length of the conductor.
Vdn Vcn D is specific gravity of aluminium.
 is resistivity of aluminium.
Fig 2: Phasor diagram of Five Phase supply
VL is line voltage.
 is efficiency.
If VAN is chosen as reference there will be four
types of voltage relationships: Lines are displayed If resistivity and specific gravity of steel instead of
by 720 (VAB, VBC etc...), Lines are displayed by 1440 aluminium were placed in equation (10) then it will
(VAC, VBD etc...), Lines are displayed by 2160 (VAD, get the weight of steel conductor. Generally for
VBE etc...) and Lines are displayed by 2880 (VAE). 132kv transmission line panther ACSR conductor
The Voltage relationships are as follows: is used which has 30 aluminium strands and 7
VAB = VPh 1.175  540 (1) steel strands (Central steel wire with one strand, 1st
VAC = VPh 1.902  180 (2) steel layer with 6 strands, 1st aluminium layer with
VAD = VPh 1.902- 18 0 (3) 12 strands and 2nd aluminium layer with 18
VAE = VPh 1.175  -540 (4) strands). Hence, panther conductor has 81.1% of
aluminium and 18.9% of steel. The detail weight
Adding all those voltage relationships results as:
(VAN = VPh) calculations of panther ACSR conductor in Five
Phase are presented in results section.
VAB+VAC+ VAD+VAE = 5 VAN, (5)
The above equation is useful in capacitance to Sag can be calculated by using the formula
S = WrL2 / 8T (11)
neutral calculation for Five Phase line. Five-Phase
Where, Wr is Resultant weight per meter length
Voltage relation: VL = 1.175 VPh and Five-Phase
(considering weight of the conductor and wind
Power (in the case of balanced system):
P = 4.25 VL IL cosØ. (6) pressure), L is Span length & T is working tension.
The Spacing of conductors is determined by
considerations partly electrical and partly
III. SAG AND SPACING IN FIVE PHASE TRANSMISSION mechanical. Larger spacing causes increase in
LINE inductance of the line and hence the voltage drop,
so that to keep the latter within a reasonable value
The main factor effecting inductance and
the conductors should be as close together as is
capacitance in transmission line is spacing
consistent with prevention of corona. The basic
between conductors. Spacing between conductors
consideration regarding the minimum spacing
depends upon sag. Sag depends upon weight of the
between conductors is that the electrical
conductor. So, in order to compute inductance and
clearances between conductors under the worst
capacitance of Five Phase transmission line it has
condition i.e. maximum temperature and wind
to recognize the weight of the conductor, sag of the
weight shall not be less than the limits for safety,
conductor and spacing between conductors.
particularly at the middle of the spans [17].
Taking into consideration 5 phase- 5 wire system,
Empirical formulae commonly employed for
weight of the conductor can be calculated as
determination of Spacing of conductors for an
follows:
aluminium conductor line V is given as:
Line current P Spacing  S 
IL  150 (12)
4.225VL cos  (7)
Where, S is sag in meters and
Power Loss PL  5 I L R (8)
V is line voltage in kV.
5P 2    l
PL  (9)
18.0625  VL2 cos 2   a
61 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology
 IJMTST Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778

Position - 1 Position - 2 Position - 3 1

a e d
7 ( D12D23D34D45D51) 5
D51 D12 D51 D12 D51 D12
a  2 *10 I a ln
ra1 (19)
e b d a c e
The average inductance per phase is:
1
D45 D23 D45 D23 D45 D23 5
(D D D D D )
Position - 5 Position - 4
La  2 * 107 ln 12 23 34 45 51
d c b c b c b a ra1 H/m (20)
D34 D34 D34
D51 D12 D51 D12 For equilateral spacing, the inductance of Five
a c b d Phase transmission line will be same as the
inductance of three phase transmission line. But
D45 D23 D45 D23
for unsymmetrical spacing the inductance of Five
e d a e
Phase line will be lesser than the inductance of
D34 D34
three phase line.

Fig. 3: Fully Transposed Cycle of Five Phase Line V. CAPACITANCE OF FIVE PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE

IV. INDUCTANCE OF FIVE PHASE TRANSMISSION LINE To find the capacitance to neutral of a
transposed line, first determine the Voltage drop
The inductance of a transmission line is
between two conductors (say a and b). The
calculated as flux linkages per ampere. So far it is
potential difference between a and b for various
considered only single phase and three phase lines.
positions (figure 3) is as follows:
The basic equations for Five Phase lines are also be
For the 1st position:
easily developed. Assuming all conductors with
1  D12 r D D D 
unsymmetrical spacing, the fully transposed cycle Vab1  qa ln  qb ln  qc ln 23  qd ln 24  qe ln 25 
2k  r D12 D13 D14 D15 
is shown in figure 3. For a 5 phase 5 wire line there (21)
will no neutral wire, so that I a + Ib + Ic + Id + Ie = 0. For the 2nd position:
To find the average inductance of one conductor of 1  D23 r D D D 
Vab2  qa ln  qb ln  qc ln 34  qd ln 35  qe ln 31 
a transposed line, first determine the flux linkages 2k  r D23 D24 D25 D21 
(22)
of a conductor for each position it occupies in the For the 3rd position:
transposition cycle and then determine the average 1  D34 r D D D 
Vab3  qa ln  qb ln  qc ln 45  qd ln 41  qe ln 42 
flux linkages. Flux linkages for various positions 2k  r D34 D35 D31 D32 
(23)
shown in figure 3 are as follows:
For the 4th position:
For the 1st position:
1  D45 r D D D 
 1  Vab4  qa ln  qb ln  qc ln 51  qd ln 52  qe ln 53 
a1  2 *107  I a ln  Ib ln
1 1 1 1 2k 
 I c ln  I ln  I e ln  r D45 D41 D42 D43 
(24)
 1 D12 D23 d D34 D45 
ra  (13) For the 5th position:
For the 2nd position: 1  D51 r D D D 
 Vab5  qa ln  qb ln  qc ln 12  qd ln 13  qe ln 14 
1  2k 
a 2  2 *107  I a ln  I b ln
1 1 1 1 r D51 D52 D53 D54 
1
 I c ln  I d ln  I e ln  (25)
 ra D23 D34 D45 D51  (14) The average of all five voltages is:
For the 3rd position: Vab1  Vab2  Vab3  Vab4  Vab5
Vab 
 1 
a3  2 *107  I a ln  Ib ln
1 1
 I c ln
1
 I d ln
1
 I e ln 
5 (26)
1
 ra D34 D45 D51 D12  (15) 1  Deq r 
Vab  qa ln  qb ln 
For the 4th position: 2k 
 r D 

eq
(27)
 1  Similarly,
a 4  2 *107  I a ln  Ib ln
1 1 1 1
1
 I c ln  I d ln  I e ln 
 ra D45 D51 D12 D23 
(16) 1  Deq r 
Vac  qa ln  qc ln 
For the 5th position: 2k 
 r Deq 
 (28)
 1 
1
a5  2 * 10 7  I a ln 1  I b ln
1
 I c ln
1
 I d ln
1
 I e ln  1  Deq r 
Vad  qa ln  qd ln 
 r D D D D 34 
(17) 2k 
 r D eq 

a 51 12 23
(29)
Average flux linkages of conductor „a‟ are:
1  Deq r 
     Vae  qa ln  qe ln 
a  a1 a 2 a3 a 4 a5 2k  r Deq 
5 (18) (30)
1
But Ib + Ic + Id + Ie = -Ia Deq  ( D12 D23D34 D45 D51 ) 5
Where, (31)

62 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 A Narrative Approach to Five Phase Transmission System

qa+ qb+ qc+ qd+ qe = 0 Power factor 0.9

Efficiency (%) 90
Adding equations (27) to (30) results in: Span length 300
1  Deq r  Ultimate strength 3000
Vab  Vac  Vad  Vae  qa ln  qa ln 
2k  r Deq  Safety factor 2
(32)
Diameter of conductor 1cm
Equating equations (5) and (32), we get:
Wind pressure (Kg/m2) 29.2
1  (D D D D D ) 5 
1
The results are obtained by using MATLAB
Van  qa ln 12 23 34 45 51 
2k  r  Program which is shown in appendix and results
(33) are tabulated in table 2.
So, the capacitance to neutral will be (for air TABLE II
medium Kr=1): Result obtained from the MATLAB Editor for Three
0.0242 Phase Transmission Lines
Cn  1
5
( D12 D23D34 D45 D51 ) Parameters Value
ln
r (34)
Weight of ACSR conductor (Kg /
Mathematically there is no difference in the 120229.25
120 km)
formulae of capacitance to neutral for both three
Weight of ACSR conductor (Kg per
phase and Five Phase, only Deq will get differ. So as 1001.910
km)
phase increases the capacitance to neutral Weight of ACSR conductor (Kg per
increases, capacitive reactance will reduce and 1.002
meter)
charging current will increases. Hence for the Five
Maximum sag in meter 7.826
Phase long transmission lines, the tower height will
be increased. But the weight of aluminium Spacing Between Conductors in
3.677
conductor and sag in Five Phase lines get meter
decreased. Spacing between conductors is also Sag in meter by neglecting wind
7.514
reduced in Five Phase lines when compared to pressure
three phase lines. Spacing Between Conductors in
3.621
meter by neglecting wind pressure
Inductance in mH per km 1.399
VI. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Inductive Reactance in mohm per
Here all the parameters are calculated in two 438.799
km
cases: 1) Conductor spacing used in three phase
lines is also used in Five Phase lines. 2) Spacing is Capacitance to neutral in µF per km 0.003594
separately calculated for Five Phase lines. MATLAB Capacitive Reactance in Mohm per
editor is used for calculation of all parameters. 0.885705
km
A. Same Spacing is used in Five Phase: Charging Current in Ampere per km 0.086045
For 132kV three phase transmission line, weight
of the conductor, sag of the conductor and spacing Inductance in mH per 120 km 167.60912
between the conductors are calculated by using Inductive Reactance in mohm per
following parameters: 52655.959
120 km
Capacitance to neutral in µF per
0.43126
TABLE I 120 km
Parameters used in Three Phase Transmission Capacitive Reactance in Mohm per
106.2846
Lines 120 km
Parameter Value Charging Current in Ampere per
10.325365
Power to be transmitted (MW) 30 120 km
Frequency (Hz) 50 With the same spacing of three phase
Line voltage (kV) 132 transmission system which are tabulated in table
2, the results are obtained for Five Phase
Length of line (km) 120
transmission system and tabulated in table 3.
Resistivity of aluminum (ohm-meter) 2.6*10-8
TABLE III
Specific gravity of aluminum
2000 Inductance and Capacitance of Five Phase
(Kg/m3)
Transmission System for same spacing

63 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

 IJMTST Volume: 2 | Issue: 06 | June 2016 | ISSN: 2455-3778

Parameter Value
Inductance in mH per 120 km 161.9125
Inductance in mH per 120 km 167.6046
Inductive Reactance in mohm per Inductive Reactance in mohm per
52654.584 50866.3417
120 km 120 km
Capacitance to neutral in µF per Capacitance to neutral in uF per
0.432 0.44702
120 km 120 km
Capacitive Reactance in Mohm per Capacitive Reactance in Mohm per
106.284 102.5382
120 km 120 km
Charging Current in Ampere per Charging Current in Ampere per
15.216 15.7765
120 km 120 km
From table 2 and table 3 it is conclude that By comparing table 2 and table 4 it is conclude
without changing the spacing between conductors that the weight of conductor is significantly
the inductive reactance is reduced by small extent. decreased to 55465.7596 Kg per 120km from
Capacitance effect is very less when same spacing 120229.248 per 120km, maximum sag is
is assumed. But the effect of charging current is decreased to 4.1m from 7.8m and spacing between
more in case of Five Phase system. conductors is decreased to 2.9m from 3.6m.
B. Spacing between conductors in Five Phase Inductive reactance is also reduced by 1789.618
transmission line is separately calculated: mH per 120km. But charging current is increased
by 5.4515 Ampere per 120 km. For very long
For calculating spacing between the lines in Five
transmission lines the effect of charging current
Phase Transmission system the parameter which
will be more then, the tower height has to be
are in table 1 are used. A program is written in
increased.
MATLAB using equations (7) to (34) and results are
tabulated in table 4. C. Line Model of Five Phase:
TABLE IV To calculate sending-end voltage, sending-end
Results for Five Phase Lines current and sending-end power, sending-end
Parameters Value power factor in Five Phase transmission line, by
considered the approximate exact equation
Weight of aluminum Kg per 120 method.
55465.7596
km From above tabulated results the series
impedance and the shunt admittance for five phase
Weight of aluminum Kg per km 462.214
transmission system are:
Series impedance = 75+j*127.165 ohm/300km.
Weight of aluminum Kg per meter 0.462215
Shunt admittance = 3.9e-9 mho/300km.
Maximum sag in Five Phase in The series impedance and the shunt admittance
4.1004 for three phase transmission system are:
meter
2.9049 Series impedance = 75+j*131.7 ohm/300km.
Spacing Between Conductors in
meter Shunt admittance = 3.76e-9 mho/300km.
2.9049 Program is written in MATLAB which is in
Sag in meter by neglecting wind
3.4666 appendix. The results are shown in fig. 4. From
pressure
those characteristics it concludes that Five Phase
Spacing between Conductors in
2.74188 supply can be proffered for industrial loads.
meter by neglecting wind pressure 5
x 10 Sending-end Voltage
Voltage in volts

1.16
Inductance in mH per km 1.3492
1.14
Inductive Reactance in mohm per
423.886
km 1.12
0 5 10 15 20 25
Capacitance to neutral in uF per length in km (each division in 5 km)
0.003725
km Sending-end Current
Current in amps

98.8836
Capacitive Reactance in Mohm per
0.85448
km 98.8834

Charging Current in Ampere per

0.13147 98.8832
km 0 5 10 15 20 25
length in km (each division in 5 km)
7
x 10 Sending-end Power
1.15
Power in watts

64 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology

1.1
0 5 10 15 20 25
 98.8834

Current i
A Narrative Approach to Five Phase Transmission System
98.8832
0 5 10 15 20 25
length in km (each division in 5 km)
x 10
7
Sending-end Power D34=((Spacing+Spacing)-0.2);
Power in watts 1.15
r=(D/2)*100;
Vn=Vl/1.175;
GMR=0.7788*r;
GMD=(D12*D23*D45*D51*D34)^(1/5);
1.1
0 5 10 15 20 25 GMD1=(GMD*100);
length in km (each division in 5 km) Ind=0.2*(log(GMD1/GMR));
Sending-end Power Factor
1.001
Cap=0.0242/(log(GMD1/r));
Power Factor

Xn=1/(2*pi*f*Cap);
1
Xl=2*pi*f*Ind;
Ic=Vn/(Xn*1000000);
Ind1=Ind*len;
0.999
0 5 10 15 20 25 Cap1=Cap*len;
length in km (each division in 5 km) Xn1=Xn*len;
Fig. 4: (a) Sending-end power factor with respect Xl1=Xl*len;
to line length (b) Sending-end voltage with respect Ic1=Ic*len;
to line length (c) Sending-end current with respect In the above program: US is ultimate strength, S
to line length (d) Sending-end power with respect to is safety factor, WP is wind pressure, D is diameter
line length of conductor, n=efficiency, Wal is weight of
aluminum, Ws is weight of steel conductor, Wacsr
VII. CONCLUSION is weight of acsr conductor, Ind is inductance, Cap
This paper proposes a basic concept about is Capacitance to neutral, len is length of the
Five-Phase Transmission system. It shows the transmission line, Xl is inductive reactance, Xn is
relation between line voltage and phase voltage as capacitive reactance and Ic is charging current.
well as current and power relations. Spacing
between conductors in Five Phase is also b. Program for finding sending – end voltage,
determined. Complete calculations of line sending – end current and sending – end power
parameters in Five Phase are done. Here, compiled factor in Five Phase:
the line model in Five Phase system. In future the
IR = PR/(VR*pfload);
research has to be concentrated on fault analysis
z = Z/l;
and protection of Five Phase system.
y = Y/l;
i = 1;
APPENDIX
for l = 10:5:120,
a. Program for finding weight, seg, spacing, A = 1+(y*l)*(z*l)/2
inductance and capacitance: B = (z*l)*(1+(y*l)*(z*l)/6)
T=US/S; C = (y*l)*(1+(y*l)*(z*l)/6)
Ww=WP*D; D=A
n=eff/100; Vs_approx(i) = A*VR+B*IR
l=len*1000; Is_approx(i) = C*VR+D*IR
Wal=(1.384*p*l*l*P*d)/((1-n)*Vl*Vl*pf*pf); Spf_approx(i) = cos(angle(Vs_approx(i)
Ws=(1.384*p1*l*l*P*d1)/((1-n)*Vl*Vl*pf*pf); angle(Is_approx(i))))
Wacsr=(0.810811*Wal)+(0.189189*Ws); Spower_approx(i)=
Wacsr1=Wacsr/len; real(Vs_approx(i)*conj(Is_approx(i)))
Wacsr2=Wacsr/(len*1000); point(i) = i
Wr=sqrt((Wacsr2^2)+(Ww^2)); i = i+1
Sag=(Wr*L*L)/(8*T); end
Sag1=(Wacsr2*L*L)/(8*T);
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