What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

1. differentiate formal from informal definitions of words;

2. use textual aids in understanding better the text;
3. get information from various text types that can be used in everyday life.

What I Know

Directions: Matching Type: Find the Denotative and Connotative Meaning of the word by
matching words in 1st Column to 2nd and 3rd Column.

WORD CONNOTATION DENOTATION

1. Oak a.slim a.easily broken or
destroyed
2. Reeds b. disapprove b.any of various tall
grasses with slender often
prominently jointed stems
that grow especially in wet
areas.
3. Frail c. anything made item of c. a strong current of air
furniture or a door.
4. Slender d. extra d. to bear or bring forth as
a natural product
especially as a result of
cultivation
5. Gale e.bring in e. being over and above
what is needed
6. Yield f.nurture f. river
7. Spared g. weak g.to furnish or sustain with
nutriment
8.Nourish h. a body of running water h. to express oneself as
flowing on the earth unwiling accept
9. Refuse i. arrow i. Oak tree is a large tree
that often grows in woods
and forests and has
strong, hard wood.
10. Stream j. breeze j. small or narrow in
circumference or width in
proportion to length or
height

UNDERSTANDING TEXT USING TEXTUAL AIDS

1
It is important you understand and appreciate a particular text and demonstrate understanding through
classifying and organizing ideas. Students who understands the text can able to organize and process
the text in ways that facilitate comprehension. What this lesson promises is to teach you how to use textual
aids in understanding better the text and increase your reading ability through graphic organizers and even
pictures. This could help you to memorize, remember, and learn important words more quickly and easily.
 What’s In

In your previous lessons, you have learned how to use information from news reports, speeches,
informative talks, panel discussions, etc. in everyday conversations can help you get information and
give you updates of what is happening in the world around.
Let us go back to our different Oral forms of Communications.

NEWS REPORT
are found in newspapers and their purpose is to inform readers
of what is happening in the world around them.

.
PANEL DISCUSSION
A panel discussion, or simply a panel, involves a group of people
gathered to discuss a topic in front of an audience, typically at
scientific, business, or academic conferences, fan conventions, and
on television shows. Panels usually include a moderator who
guides the discussion and sometimes elicits audience questions,
with the goal of being informative and entertaining.

SPEECHES/ INFORMATIVE SPEECHES

An informative speech provides information about a specific
subject to an audience
.

DIALOGUE
Dialogue is typically a conversation between two or more
1
people in a narrative work. As a literary technique, dialogue
serves several purposes. It.

Direction: Determine the different types of oral forms of communications. Place your answer in the
space provided.

TEXT TYPES
1. A: Are you excited for the first day of
school?
B: No. I am very afraid.
A: What is to be afraid about?
B: I am afraid of the teacher.

1
A: But you haven't even met her yet?
B: I have heard bad things about her.
A: What bad things?
B: I heard that she doesn't let anyone
laugh.
A: That is ridiculous.
B: The older kids told me that.
A: They're just trying to scare you.
B: Oh, really? Thank goodness.

2. Let’s go to the audience for your

questions. We want to address as many
questions as we can, so we have two
microphone runners to help us with this.
Please raise your hand to indicate your
interest and [name] or [name] will find you.
We’ll also be taking questions from our
virtual audience.
I ask for you to state your question FIRST,
and then give us one or two sentences to
help us understand the context. If you
would like a specific panelist to answer the
question, please mention the panelist name
first, then the question, then context.
Sound good? We’ll also be taking
questions from the webinar audience – so
don’t be shy! I’ll be asking [Name/our
ombudsman] for some questions from you
too!
3. My Earth, My Responsibility
By Poonam Ghimire

Earth is a beautiful living planet in the

Universe and the common habitat of more
than 7 billion human population and millions
of species of biodiversity. Our Earth
provides us with food, shelter and most of
our requirements.
Despite unavoidable free services provided
by the earth to humans, we are not able to
pay off her kindness to us. Rather we
humans are being cruel to our Earth with
our selfish activities. Mahatma Gandhi said,
“Earth provides enough to satisfy every
man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.

5. Own stem cells save woman's lung

Article source: Yahoo / Press

Association. A woman has become the first

person in the world to be given an entirely
laboratory-engineered organ in a landmark
operation that could change the face of
transplant surgery.

Claudia Castillo's own stem cells were used

to create an artificial airway which replaced
 the bronchus to her left lung which had
collapsed after she suffered a serious
tuberculosis infection.

The 30-year-old Columbian-born mother-of-

two is also believed to be the first transplant
patient not to need powerful drugs to
subdue the immune system.

What’s New

To better understand text structure, a textual aids or graphic organizers can be used for
improving comprehension. It is the ability to understand the meaning of a written passage. Like a baby,
learning to walk, reading comprehension is also an essential skill in life. For instance, when students
write about the text that they are reading, comprehension improves. Graphic organizers can be a key
component in students organizing their thoughts and writing about the text.
In this module, you will be familiarized with the types of textual aids that can help you to visually
see the organizational pattern of the text and enables you to better understand text structure.
The following are different types of textual aid. Study and review each function.

  Comparing and Contrast Chart - Use to

A timeline is a type of graphic organizer that
analyze similarities and differences between
shows specific events in sequence, usually
two things (people, places, events, ideas,
with dates, in a linear fashion. Timelines are
etc.), by placing individual characteristics in
particularly useful for studying or reviewing
either the left or right sections, and common
history, because the timeline will visually
characteristics within the overlapping
display major events over a period.
section.

A concept map is a visual organizer of A story map is a graphic organizer that

student’s idea and how they think in identifies the elements of a book or
several ways by answering questions story. By citing the story characters, plot,
such as, "What is it? What is it like? setting, problem and solution, students
What are some examples? read carefully to learn the details.
 Now, in this part, let us see if you understand the functions of each textual aids.
Read the following statement and isdentify what textual aids is applicable to use.
________________1. The writer wants to show us the similarities and differences of the main
characters in the story.
________________2. The writer wants to demonstrate the series of events in the story.
________________3. The writer wants to show us his/her point of view by citing examples and
explanation in details.
________________4. The writer wants to recognize the characters, setting, plot and other elements of
short story.

As learner, you shoud evaluate your comprehension whether you understand what you read or not. By using textual aids or graphic
organizer, you can easily categorize information and shows the relationships among  important concepts.

What’s New

Texts is defined as any written materials, such as books, magazines, newspapers, and other
printed work.
In this module, you will read a sample text/ story and answer the questions that follow by
supplying the details in the text using textual aids.

Reading Text 1:

Better bent than Broken

(Scottish Proverb)

Once a huge oak tree stood on the bank of a river. It was well nourished by the water of the
river. Naturally, it was very strong and had a thick stem. Just nearby, grew some reeds with
thin but flexible stems. They stood almost half in water and had flourished well too.
One day, strong winds blew. The tree, though huge and strong, broke from the middle and
was thrown across the stream just among the reeds. On the other hand, the tree was very
surprised to see that the reeds suffered no harm at all.
The oak could not make out the reason of the safety of the reeds and asked them, "How is it
that, you being frail and slender, managed to face the gale without any harm. But I, strong
enough, have been broken."
The reeds replied, "You were proud of your strength and refused to bend. So, you broke while
we bowed and yielded to the gale and were spared."
 Post Reading Question:

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Below are statements that shows common characteristics of Oak and Reed except ONE. Which
is different?

a. Stood on the bank of a river c. Nourished well by the water

b. c. Suffer from the strong winds d. Frail and Slender

2. The Oak is different from the Reeds because;

a. The Oak is huge and the reed has a thin and flexible stem.
b. The Oak and the Reed are both stood in the river bank.
c. The Reed and Oak suffered from strong wind.
d. The Oak is thin and the Reed is huge and strong.

3. The Reed was not broken during the strong wind because;
a. It is huge and strong c. It bowed and yielded
b. It has flexible and thin stems d. The Reed was frail and slender

4. What is the message of the story?

a. It’s better to bend against insurmountable odds than be broken by them.
b. Surrendering means you are weak.
c. Recognize your strength and be resistant.
d. Never be proud of your ability.

Reading Text 2:

Brahmadatta, The Crab and The Snake

By: Rahul Garg

Once upon a time, there lived in a village, a youth by the name of Brahmadatta. One day,
Brahmadatta had to go to some other town for some important business. His mother called
Brahmadatta and said to him, "My dear son, don't travel alone. Better take a companion with
you. He can help you, at least, when you are in trouble."
For Reading Text 2, let us recognize the sequence of events by arranging the statements below and
place them in Timeline Graph.

Post Reading Question:

Directions: Encircle the letter of the correct nswer.

1. What is the advice of Brahmadatta's mother?
a. You are old enough, you can takle care of yourself.
b. Don't travel alone. Better take a companion.
c. Take a rest before you leave.
d. Never trust someone.
e.
2. Brahmadatta rested in the hollow of that banyan tree because;
a. He saw a snake and ate it.
b. He was tired of his long journey.
c. He wants to go back home and withdraw his journey.
d. He was amazed on the structure of the Banyan Tree.

3. When Brahmadatta woke up he was surprised because;

a. He caught a crab sitting inside the camphor’s box.
b. A dead snake lying beside him.
c. His travelling bag was ruined by the snake.
d. The crab was missing.

4. Brahmadatta travel with a companion. What it is?

a. A snake
b. His mother
c. A crab
d. A dog
 What is It

Understanding the text means you can break down bigger ideas or concepts into smaller, simpler
illustrations that are easily comprehended. In order to do this, a textual aid can be incorporated so that
learning and comprehension will take place.
In reading Text 1, Better Bent than Broken, we identified the characters’ thoughts, behavior or action
by using Compare and Contrast Chart. You determine the similarities between the Oak and Reed as
well its differences. By doing so, you will able to analyze pairs of ideas and remember the story.
Compare and Contrast Chart is use note what is similar and different about (two or more things). For
effective comprehension, compare and Contrast can be used in understanding text, you can first identify
adjectives (words that describes) and sometimes verbs (action words) which discusses the behavior,
actions and thoughts of the characters in the story.
In reading Text 2 - Brahmadatta, The Crab and The Snake, hence this is a story of more than one
character and narrates an event, you were asked to provide the important details in the story and
organized them according to its order of occurrences by using the Timeline Chart.
Timeline Chart is use to plot time/events that happen throughout a story. It can help us to understand
the text by with identifying the order or chronology of events. Also, it can improve our information
retention and encourage organization and timekeeping.
In addition to this, another textual aids that can be used in understanding a text are: Story Map and
Concept Map.

Story Map – this is use to organize important elements of a story and to summarize the main ideas,
characters, setting, and plot. Story Maps can be used with both fiction (i.e., defining characters; events)
and nonfiction (i.e., main ideas; details). In using this, you can begin by describing the Characters (Who
are the people who were involved? Which ones played major roles? Which ones were minor?), identify
the Setting (Where and when did this event take place?). Provide the Plot (the order of occurrences in
the story, salient details) and other elements of shorts story.

Concept Map - is a visual organization and representation of knowledge. It shows concepts and ideas
and the relationships among them. Concept mapping can be done by writing key words (sometimes
enclosed in shapes such as circles, boxes, triangles, etc.) and then drawing arrows between the ideas
that are related. Then you add a short explanation by the arrow to explain how the concepts are related.

What’s More

To further assess your reading ability, here is another text that will help you develop your reading
comprehension using textual aids. Read carefully and try to answer the questions that follow.
 The Proud Red Rose
By: Oyinkan Somrin
One beautiful spring day a red rose blossomed in a forest.

As the rose looked around, a pine tree nearby said, “What a beautiful flower. I wish I was that
lovely.”
Another tree said, Dear pine, do not be sad, we can’t have everything.”

The rose turned its head and remarked, “It seems that I am the most beautiful plant in this
forest.

A sunflower raised its yellow head and asked, “Why do you say that? In this forest there are
many beautiful plants. You are just one of them.”

The rose replied, “I see everyone looking at me and admiring me.”

Then the rose looked at a cactus and said, “Look at that ugly plant full of thorns!”

The pine tree said, “Red rose, what kind of talk is this? Who can say what beauty is? You
have thorns too.”

The rose tried to move its roots away from the cactus, but it could not move.

As the days passed, the rose would look at the cactus and say insulting things, like: This
plant is useless? How sorry I am to be his neighbor.”

“What a proud flower”, thought the trees.

The cactus never got upset and said “God did not create any form of life without a purpose.”

Spring passed, and the weather became very warm. Life became difficult in the forest, as
there was no rain. The rose began to wilt.

One day the rose saw sparrows stick their beaks into the cactus and then fly away, refreshed.

The rose asked the pine tree what the birds were doing.

The pine explained that the birds got water from the cactus. “Does it not hurt when they
make holes?” asked the rose.

“Yes, but the cactus does not like to see any birds suffer,” replied the pine.

The rose opened its eyes in wonder and said, “The cactus has water?”

“Yes you can also drink from it. The sparrow can bring water to you if you asks the cactus for
help.

The rose felt too ashamed of its past words and behavior, but then it finally did ask the cactus
for help.

The cactus kindly agreed and the birds filled their beaks with water and watered the rose’s
roots.
Post Reading Question:
Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.

1. Where does the story happen?

a. In a forest b. In the garden c. Near the shore d. In the farm

2. A character in the story who shows arrogance and claims as most beautiful among all.
a. Sparrow b. Rose c. Cactus d. trees

3. A character in the story who receives insults and was compared as useless to other plants.
a. Rose b. Trees c. Cactus d. Sparrow

4. A character in the story who drink water from the cactus.

a. Trees b. Rose c. Cactus d. Sparrow

Independent Activity 1
Now that you have read the text, let us make an analysis on the story. Using compare and contrast chart,
identify the statements given below whether it refers to similarities of two main characters or vice versa.

OAK TREE REEDS

STATEMENTS:

 Stood on the bank of a river

 Huge and strong
 has thin and flexible stems
 Well nourished by water
 Broke from the middle
 Suffer from strong winds
 Managed to face the gale without any harm
 Proud of its strength
 Frail and slender
 Submissive, bowed, yielded
  thrown across the stream

Independent Assessment 1
Fill in the Timeline Chart using the Statements below. Place them according toBtheir occurrences of
R
events in the story. A
H
M
A
D
A
T
T
A
T

H T
E H
E

C S
N
R A
A K
E
B

STATEMENTS:
•Along his journey, he felt tired and want to little rest before starting his journey again. He laid under a
huge banyan tree and slept.
•While he was asleep, there was a snake who climbed down the tree and went near his bag.
•The snake stayed in hid bag for it was attracted to the box of camphor.
•Brahmadatta woke up, he was surprised to find a dead snake lying beside him. He took his mother’s
advice and never did travel alone.
•Brahmadatta went to other town for some important business with a crab put inside a camphor box.
•As the snake entered the camphor box, the crab sitting inside caught hold of the snake's neck and
killed it.
Independent Activity 2
From the story of the Proud Rose, arrange the events in order (1 being first) by using 1-8:

________ The rose insulted the cactus as full of thorns and useless.

________However, the cactus never got upset and thought of himself instead that “God did not create
any form of life without a purpose.”

________The rose wondered and asked the pine tree, the pine tree explained.

________The rose felt and asked the cactus for help.

________The cactus kindly agreed and the birds filled their beaks with water and watered the rose’s
roots.

________Once day, there was a red rose blossomed and claimed herself as the most beautiful plant
among the plant in the forest.
________Summer came and life became difficult in the forest as there was no rain. Plants and trees
began to dry.

________One day, sparrows came their beaks and drink water from the cactus.

Independent Assessment 2

Complete the Story Map by supplying the details from the Story of Proud Rose.

Title: The Proud Red Rose

By: Oyinkan Somrin

Characters: Settings:

Beginning: Plot:

Middle: End:

Independent Activity 3
Study/ Evaluate this following statements and choose eight (8) details that suggest the Moral lesson of
the story.
Statements:
 It’s okay to be arrogance and proud of what you achieved.
 Be humble and believe that ““God did not create any form of life without a purpose.”
 Never judge someone based on their physical appearance.
 Admit your mistakes and ask forgiveness.
 Do not ask help from others because you can do things on your own always.
 It’s okay to be selfish and self centered.
 No one is self-sufficient. We all need someone to help us achieve something.
 If you are ugly, you are useless.
 It’s okay to hurt, insult someone.
 Be inconsiderate to other.

Proud Rose
By: Oyinkan
Somrin
Independent Assessment 3
We are about to finish this lesson, let us have some recap by accomplishing this K-W-L (Know What
Learn) Chart. Be guided with this question below.
1. What do you Know about the Textual Aids/ Graphic Organizer?
2. What do you want to know more about using Graphic Organizer in understanding a text?
3. What did you Learn about this lesson?

What I Have Learned

From the Story of Better bent than broken
Directions: Summarize the story by providing the details that support the given MAIN IDEA in the Chart
below.
 It’s better to bend against
insurmountable odds than be
broken by them.

What I Can Do
From the Story of Brahmadatta, The Crab and The Snake,
Directions: Provide the Effects of the Given Cause below.

Brahmadatta
slept under the
Banyan Tree.

Assessment
Direction: For the last activity, you will write a three-paragraph text by answering this question:
“How do textual aids help in understanding a text?”
Be guided with the following Rubrics for Scoring:

Organization/ Structure 40 %
Content/Knowledge 30 %
Grammar 30 %
Total 100%
 REFERENCES
For Website:

https://ctl.byu.edu/tip/concept-mapping

https://www.independent.ng/the-proud-red-rose/
For Book:
Learners Materials in English 10
 ANSWER KEY
What I Know
1. C, I
2. I, B
3. G, A
4. A, J
5. J, C
6. E, D
7. D, E
8. F, G
9. B, H
10. H, F