Comsol 2012 PDF

CFD in COMSOL Multiphysics
Christian Wollblad
Program manager, CFD
COMSOL
© 2011 COMSOL. All rights reserved.

World leader in multiphysics simulations
• HQ in Stockholm.
• 16 offices worldwide.
• 250+ employees.
• 14 000 licenses, 60 000 users.
CFD – The Classical View
• Laminar
• Turbulent
– RANS
– LES
– ....
• Incompressible
• Compressible
– Mach number effects Flow over an Ahmed Body
Flow in a Sajben diffuser

Traditional approach to modeling
Electromagnetic
Fields
Acoustics
Chemical Heat Transfer

Reactions
Structural
Fluid Flow
Mechanics
The COMSOL Multiphysics approach
Electromagnetic
Fields
Acoustics
Chemical Heat Transfer

Reactions
Structural
Fluid Flow
Mechanics
User Defined
Equations
COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 Product Suite
The Finite Element Method
• General PDE: L 𝑢 − 𝑓 = 0
• Assume that u ≈ 𝑢 = 𝑖 𝑢𝑖 𝜙𝑖 (1)
Where 𝜙𝑖 is a set of basis functions.
𝜙𝑖 is a 𝜙𝑖 is a
(1) is a Fourier
polynom in constant value
expansion
each mesh cell for each
cell/node
Spectral Finite Finite

methods elements 𝜙𝑖 is piecwise volume
constant
Typical Multiphysics Couplings
• Flow and heat: Forced or natural convection
• Flow and mass-flux, (and heat): Chemical & Diffusion problems
• Flow and structures: Fluid-solid interaction (FSI)
• Flow and EM: Biological RF heating

Fluid-Structure Interaction
• No data transfer
between solid and fluid
• One solver machinery
• One post-processing
framework
Fluid load on a solar panel

FSI Examples – Poroelasticity
• Fluid Pressure & Structural Support Load

• Collapsing Structure & Slows Flow Rate
Flow Coupled to Electrical
• Electromagnetic Field from percolating charged rainwater
ElectroOsmotic Mixer
• Pressure Driven & ElectroOsmotic Flow

• Coupled Flow and Diffusion
• Goal: Improve Microfluidic Mixing
No Mixing
ElectroOsmotic Mixing
Vel =U0 V0 sin(wt ) -V0 sin(wt )

c=1
Concentration
p=0
Vel =U0 -V0 sin(wt ) V0 sin(wt )

c=0
Particle Tracing - Room Contamination
• Particle Release in Hallway

• How much gets into office?
Air Velocity 10 micron Particles

Reactions in Multiphase Flow
• Bubbles introduced at the

bottom makes the flow
turbulent
Bubble
• The mixing is done by the column
gas sparging and it requires
less energy than mechanical
stirring
• Wet oxidation
• Bioreactor
Fuel Cells – Multiphysics by Nature
Fuel Cells in General
• Electro Chemistry
• Heat + Flow
Slice Plots of Velocity through Transparent

Boundary Plot of Concentration
Stress from Thermal & in Fuel Cell Stack
External Loading
Fuel Cell Electrochemistry
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
• Electro Chemistry
H2 Molar Fraction
O2 Molar Fraction
• Convection & Diffusion
• Heat & Flow
Temperature
Excerpted from “Modelling and Design of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anode”,
Tseronis, Kookos, and Theodoropouls COMSOL Conference 2006
Boiling
• 2-Phase Linked to Heat
• Boiling Curve for Water
Heat: 105 W/m3

COMSOL Multiphysics Workflow
Geometry
Definitions, Materials, and Physics
Mesh
Study
Results
Micromixer
User Friendly Interface
Everything is Equation Based
Relitor, Luleå
• Moisture i the gods freezes during transport and makes

unloading the wagons difficult
• Simulated the freezing and investigated possible
improvements such as isolating, pre-heating and melting.
ÅF, Stockholm
Centrifugal pumps
How does the effect change it the impeller is not centered?
Hägglund Drives
Simulation of a radial engine
• How thick is the lubrication film?

• How large is the friction?
• Can deformation of the piston cause leakage
Model Reduction
 Extension of the model

 Representation of components
 What is possible to investigate?
Turbulent or Laminar?
• Reynolds number
𝑈∙𝐿
𝑅𝑒 =
𝜈
𝑅𝑒 ≫ 1 ⇒ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡
• Grashof number
𝑔𝛼Δ𝑇 ∙ 𝐿3
𝐺𝑟 =
𝜈2
Gr≫ 1 ⇒ 𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑏𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡
Which Turbulent Model
• RANS Outlet
– One-equation model
– Two-equation model Air inlet
– EARSM
– Reynolds stress model
• DES/VLES
• LES
• DNS
Outlet
Multiple Phases Particles in a static mixer
• Mixture
• Euler-Euler
• Particles
Solid Spherical
Particles Fluidized
by Air
Spinning Suspension
Rarefied Flows
Degree of rarefaction characterized by

Continuum the Knudsen number, Kn:
Flow 
Slip Kn 
Flow L
Transitional
Rarefied Flow Interfaces:
Flow
0.01<Kn<0.1: Slip Flow
Molecular (New in 4.2a)
Flow 0.1<Kn<10: Transitional Flow
(Beta version in 4.2a)
Kn>10: Molecular Flow
COMSOL Multiphysics
• True Multiphysics – Everything can link to everything
• Flexible – You can model just about anything.
• Usable – You can keep your sanity doing it.
• Extensible – If its not specifically there…add it!
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CFD in COMSOL Multiphysics

© 2011 COMSOL. All rights reserved.

Flow in a Sajben diffuser

Chemical Heat Transfer

Chemical Heat Transfer

Spectral Finite Finite

• Flow and heat: Forced or natural convection

• Flow and mass-flux, (and heat): Chemical & Diffusion problems

• Flow and structures: Fluid-solid interaction (FSI)

• Flow and EM: Biological RF heating

Fluid load on a solar panel

• Fluid Pressure & Structural Support Load

• Pressure Driven & ElectroOsmotic Flow

Vel =U0 V0 sin(wt ) -V0 sin(wt )

Vel =U0 -V0 sin(wt ) V0 sin(wt )

• Particle Release in Hallway

Air Velocity 10 micron Particles

• Bubbles introduced at the

Slice Plots of Velocity through Transparent

Heat: 105 W/m3

Definitions, Materials, and Physics

• Moisture i the gods freezes during transport and makes

• How thick is the lubrication film?

 Extension of the model

Degree of rarefaction characterized by

• Flexible – You can model just about anything.

• Usable – You can keep your sanity doing it.

• Extensible – If its not specifically there…add it!

Trusted by 60,000 Users World Wide

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