System Selection Guide The system comparison cannot

Hybrid Hydronic Heat Pump accurately be assessed based on the cost

of the terminal units as the terminal units
Williams HHP by CGC-Group are more costly in order to reduce the
central system cost and increase the
The Hybrid Heat Pumps System is a flexibility of the system while reducing
managed temperature condenser water energy cost and maintenance cost of the
system with the following advantages: system.
In addition the units are built to reduce
The system is distributed horsepower maintenance, ensure reliability, monitor
cooling, as many stages of cooling as system operation, and reduce installed
there are zones in the building, and cost.
heating is like a 4-pipe fan coil system,
but because all the loads are tied Unit added features: All units maintain
together with a common condenser loop small footprints compared to alternative
the buildings loads are netted against terminal systems:
each other so that central plant operation 1. Two high efficiency air coils
is never required to provide both heating 2. 2 degree approach, flooded
and cooling at the same time. condenser
3. Low watt blower
4. Large diameter blower wheel
FreeHeat™ Hybrid Heat Pump Loop 5. Safety with intelligent reset
The result is a new type of condenser a. Refrigerant – 410A
water loop that allows heating loads to i. High pressure
be satisfied without new energy being ii. Low pressure
required. iii. Temperature
b. Water temperature
Risk avoidance: The reason for c. Air temperature
developing the system was to avoid the 6. Sight glass
problem associated with high cycle rates 7. Filter drier
of reversing WSHP’s in heating during 8. Test ports
the shoulder season when the building is 9. Shock loops
in net cooling and the condenser loop 10. Custom compressor isolation
temperatures are high. The HHP System 11. ¼” plate unit base panels
loop is the only condenser water loop 12. Adjustable cabinet base for
that is the warmest when heating is pluming cabinet
required and the coolest when cooling is 13. Acoustical panels
required. High pressure refrigerant is 14. Standard thermostats, not heat
never diverted to the air coil. pump stats
15. Hose connected
FreeHeat™ is the system ability to 16. Power cord connected reduces
recover heat by design and use that heat electrical cost.
throughout the building. The challenge 17. Low circuit ampacity
is to effectively use the heat before 18. Everything ships standing up in
rejecting it to the atmosphere. enclosed trucks.

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 19. Estimated reduction in g. Slide out chassis is
installation of vertical-stacked complete unit for
product is 2.5 hours less than any replacement.
other vertical stacked unit. h. Identical size chassis
dimensions allow up
System advantages: sizing or down-sizing
1. It is simple to understand because capacity in a given space.
the central system is similar to a i. Increased comfort in
typical closed loop Water Source heating as capacity is
Heat Pumps System. 2-pipe, boiler modulated based on
adds heat and a cooling tower rejects outside air temperature to
heat. It is also adaptable to many minimize energy use,
other methods to add or reject heat to cycling.
condenser water. j. For increased heating
2. It eliminates the electric heat cost capacities? just raise the
of operating compressors in the loop temperature.
heating mode. k. No compressor operation
3. The most effective heat recovery in heating means quieter
approach; all cooling loads plus operation.
the compressor watts paid for to
cool the space are rejected to the Definition – A heat pump extracts heat
common loop and can be applied from a source and transfers it to a sink
to offset heating loads without at a higher temperature to be used for
buying new compressor energy. beneficial purposes.
a. Space heating
b. Ventilation air Evolution Results in New Condenser
c. Radiant heating Water System:
d. Domestic water preheat
e. Ice melting Reversing WSHP systems have proven
f. Dehumidification themselves, but have many limitations
g. Not reheat - FreeHeat™ and operating costs which have now
h. Innovation by design been eliminated. High efficiency
4. System Advantages: REVERSING units means more boiler
a. Water-cooled A/C input in heating, the advantage of the
b. No Part load penalty tenant paying the heating bill is lost.
c. Cooling and Heating
Year round The redesign of the terminal unit
d. No risk of loss of entire function allows the following to be
system evaluated:
e. Cannot lose heating due
to compressor failure. Reduction in installation Cost:
f. Emergency heating, no
special wiring; no Flow is reduced to 2 GPM per ton:
compressor operation in Reduces pipe size, pump size,
heating. and system horsepower

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Reduced Cooling Tower size: 15 degree the investment in a ground heat
delta T at 90F-105F exchanger.

Boiler sizing is based on Heating load

not WSHP’s sized for cooling load. The Hybrid Heat Pump (air conditioner)
boiler does have to provide the full HHP Selection and sizing
heating load because the compressor or
electric heat component of a reversing Today’s buildings are built such that the
heat pump is eliminated, but this rarely cooling load is dominant even in the
results in upsizing of the boiler unless coldest climates. The HHP units are
the boiler was sized at 75% of the block selected based on cooling capacity and
heating load after an applied diversity the Loop is managed to satisfy the
factor and based solely on the added heating load.
(electric) compressor heat. It is recommended that the units are not
oversized as they are typically a single
Reductions in the electrical service due stage cooling circuit. Over sizing is
to lower circuit ampacity because the caused by many things including our
terminal units are more efficient, and do own commitment to deliver a minimum
not operate compressors in the heat published capacity.
mode. Over sizing will increase cycling, which
is hard on compressors and draws
Changes to the central system occupant attention to the unit or air flow.
Ventilation approach using FreeHeat™. Over sizing will decrease the unit’s
ability to dehumidify as it will satisfy
Additional System advantages in use of sensible load before addressing the latent
FreeHeat™ for zone heating, in-floor load.
heating, ice melt; even domestic water Over sizing will detract from the energy
preheat. The cooling load and the heat efficiency of the system in that the
of compression paid for as cooling watts power consumption will be higher,
have been reclaimed. The use of that When a DX circuit is first energized it
heat is now available for use in multiple takes time for the unit to reach peak
innovative ways without incurring the efficiency; if the unit is cycling it is
cost of new energy. operating at lower efficiency. The
penalty is minimized with an HHP unit
The avoidance of the double compressor because it is a water-cooled unit
penalty, operating a compressor in providing better heat transfer and the
heating, typically reduces system room coil in heating is a hydronic; not
operating costs by 30-40%; and refrigerant to air.
sometimes more depending on weather Over sizing also adds cost to the
data, building construction and utility installation in not only the cost of the
costs. equipment, but all the costs associated
The operating cost profile of the HHP with piping, electrical service, and
System rivals the operating cost of a central system components – pumps,
ground loop heat pump system when boiler, and cooling tower.
electricity is $0.08/kW or higher without

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Longer run time is better, even on the Heat reclaim for ventilation air and for
design day a warmer dryer space is more recuperative reheat or dehumidification.
comfortable. Each of the above building types
Terminal equipment is also by design features a large number of small zones
selected to meet the worst case load of requiring individual control and many
an individual space served which can times both simultaneous or cyclical
lead to a substantial increase in installed heating and cooling requirements. The
tonnage if over sizing is present. HHP Loop logic is continuously
monitoring outdoor air temperature
The advantage of the FreeHeat™ Hybrid using that temperature to reset the loop
Heat Pump System is that the heating deadband. The changeover point and the
capacity is manageable by design now ramp are always adjustable by the
and in the future by adjusting the Loop building operator to ensure that the
temperature. system meets and can be adjusted to the
building requirements.
HHP Models:
Vertical stacked – ½ to 3 tons (IK, HK)
Horizontal concealed – ½ to 5 tons REHEAT – NO FreeHeat™
(SKH, SLK) Other systems avoid reheat as an
Vertical Concealed – ½ to 26 tons operating penalty, with HHP reheat
(SKV) avoids Cooling tower operation. Sub-
Console – ½ to 1 ¼ ton (SKC) zoning units and FreeHeat™ is a good
Air Handler – to 20,000 CFM (SKA) thing, saves installed cost and is easy to
100% outside air do.
“Free Heat” models
Dehumidification – Free Heat™ models Boiler Sizing
Rooftop The boiler is sized for the block load of
Water to Water (CMM, CMS) the building.
The number and type of units are Unlike WSHP’s which have a heat of
continuously developed as the system is adsorption equal to the cooling load and
applied. heating capacity to 25% over the cooling
load, the HPAC System boiler is sized to
Typical Installations: meet the block load not the capacity of
Hospitality the installed terminal units.
Hotels and Time shares If there is a predictable year round
Multi-family cooling load the size of the boiler may
Apartments and condominiums be reduced.
Assisted Living
Skilled Nursing Care Cooling tower sizing
Dormitories The heat of Rejection of HPAC unit is
Office Buildings 25% above the cooling capacity and is at
HHP terminal units 2 GPM per ton versus a typical
HHP central unit to VAV condenser water system at 3 GPM/ton.
HR-VAV
FreeHeat™ - terminals It is logical to design the cooling tower
at a 15 degree ΔT, 2 GPM/Ton (95°F –

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110°F). Because this is a terminal Energy (Cost) Profile: High efficiency
equipment system it will be rare that cooling plus high efficient central
more than 50% of the units will be plant heating less FreeHeat™
operating simultaneously. Once the Cooling: Water-cooled air conditioning
building is controlled the unit will cycle with average EER between 14-16 Unit
in a conditioned space based on a specific
thermostat signal at 2°F above or below Average cooling loop
the set point. Therefore, it is anticipated temperature is typically between 87 –
that this design point will be extremely 89F annually even though the loop is
safe, but individual circumstances may elevated in the heating season the
warrant a design change by the cooling loads are low. In buildings like
consultant. offices with high occupied cooling loads
Dry-Coolers even more FreeHeat is available during
In certain climates where the DB those hours and the inefficiency is
temperature does not exceed 100°F it is rejected to the loop offsetting boiler
possible to use a dry-cooler only. The operation with a very high calculated
efficiency penalty is minimal as the HHP COP. The unoccupied hours exceed the
unit remains water-cooled with a very occupied hours 3 to 1.
efficient condenser, but the advantages Heating: First stage FreeHeat™;
include space and cost savings. Plus in Second Stage high efficiency boiler; no
coastal areas or islands where the use of reversing units.
water is limited, prohibited, or water Designer Challenges and opportunity
quality may require extensive use of for innovative design: Where to use
chemicals. The extended range the Heat?
capability of the CGC HHP has provided Space heating
this solution in buildings from golf Ventilation air pre-heating with a
course club houses to condominiums. simple unit; no special units
Emergency Generator advantage: Domestic water pre-heated by
A simple 24 Volt signal to the unit locks building cooling load.
out the compressor allowing emergency Comfort reheat and sub-zoning to
heat to be provided on the same reduce number of installed units and
electrical service, but only the fan will avoid cooling tower operation.
draw amps in the heating mode. Dehumidification – 100%
Alternate energy – Green sources: recuperative reheat.
Low watt usage enhances use of Radiant floor, etc
photovoltaic power and low temperature Ice melt
heating is complimentary to solar Pool heating
heating directly. The system has also Reduced Pump energy
been applied with GeoExchange 2 GPM per ton
systems. The unique system benefit is Exhaust air heat reclaim simplified
that heat reclaim is built into the system Reduced electrical loads at the unit and
without the need for additional installed in the central plant
cost or purchase of unique equipment.
The system is simple and the return is FreeHeat™ - recycled cooling loads –
obvious. a heating economizer – heat recovery
by design

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